Abstract: A filtration medium is disclosed for use in air filters used in heating, ventilating and air conditioning systems. The medium contains at least one nanofiber layer of fibers having diameters less than 1 ?m and at least one carrier layer, each nanofiber layer having a basis weight of at least about 2.5 g/m2, and up to about 25 g/m2. The medium has sufficient stiffness to be formed into a pleated configuration.

Abstract: A composite fabric formed by depositing a web of nanofibers electroblown from a first polymer onto a first support web comprising fibers of larger average diameter than the nanofibers spun from a compatible material, in the absence of an adhesive between the webs, and solvent-bonding the webs together.

Abstract: Fiber materials (for example, yarns, knitted goods and woven goods) are provided which sustain texture characteristics of a natural fiber such as silk, are effectively prevented from yellowing over time due to light or sweat, are less contaminated with a residual toxic gas, and are effectively prevented from worsening in warmth retention and strength over time, but which can be produced at a lower cost. More specifically, the fiber materials having improved qualities required for clothes are obtained by bringing a chemical fiber containing 0.01 to 5.0% by weight of titanium oxide together with a natural fiber.

Abstract: The invention relates to an open-end spinning machine with a plurality of spinnboxes and rotors (2) arranged in them, in which each spinnbox comprises, among other things, a cover (1) arranged on a front side of the particular associated rotor (2). At least one limitation device (7) for limiting the rotor movement in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the rotor onto the cover (1) is provided, which limitation device (7) covers a circular segment of a possible circular contact area between rotor (2) and cover (1).

Abstract: The invention relates to a receiving element for receiving an interchangeable yarn drawing nozzle that can be magnetically locked. According to the invention, the receiving element is configured as an adapter (26), which can be screwed into a central threaded bore (37) of a thread channel plate (12) in an open-ended rotor spinning device (1), the latter being designed to receive a conventional yarn drawing nozzle that is equipped with an external thread. The adapter (26) comprises centring bores (27) for receiving ferromagnetic centring lugs (28) of a yarn drawing nozzle (13) in addition to a continuous bore (33), whose internal diameter (d) is adapter to the external diameter (D) of the shaft (39) of the yarn drawing nozzle (13). The adapter is also equipped with permanent magnetic pins (30), which correspond with the ferromagnetic centring lugs (28) of the yarn drawing nozzle (13).

Abstract: A coupling link for connecting chain includes a generally C-shaped link member, a lock member, and a securing member. The C-shaped link member defines an interior opening and has first and second opposing ends that are spaced from each other by a gap. The lock member is shaped to couple the first and second ends together. The securing member is operable to secure the lock member to the link member and to urge the first and second ends of the link member closer together.

Abstract: A method for assembling a gas turbine engine includes mounting a core engine to a vehicle, coupling a fuselage radially outward and around the core engine, coupling an exhaust nozzle to the core engine to channel exhaust gases discharged from the core engine, wherein the exhaust nozzle includes a cowl and a primary nozzle coupled radially inward from the cowl, and coupling an infrared suppression system in flow communication with the engine exhaust nozzle to facilitate suppressing an exhaust infrared signature of the core engine, wherein the infrared suppression system includes a blocking fin having a substantially U-shaped cross-sectional profile and such that a cooling air flowpath is defined between the cowl and the blocking fin.

Abstract: An exhaust nozzle assembly includes an inner liner exposed to hot combustion gases and an outer liner spaced a radial distance from the inner liner to form an annular chamber. The inner liner includes a hot side that is directly exposed to the hot combustion gas flow and a cold side is exposed to cooling air within the chamber. The outer liner includes an outer surface exposed to cooling air flow up to a restriction preventing communication of cooling air flow. A plenum is attached to the outer liner to define a plenum chamber that extends into an end portion. The plenum chamber receives cooling air flow from a supply opening and communicates that air to an end portion through a plurality of impingement openings that provide impingement flow of cooling air outboard of the restriction.

Abstract: An simplified structure of an air-fuel ratio control system for an internal combustion engine includes an upstream and a downstream catalytic device installed in an exhaust pipe of the engine and a first, a second, and a third air-fuel ratio sensor installed in upstream or downstream side of the exhaust pipe. The system also includes a first feedback controller working to bring a value of the air-fuel ratio, as measured by the first air-fuel ratio sensor, into agreement with a target one and a second feedback controller working to sample values of the air-fuel ratios, as measured by the second and third air-fuel ratio sensors, to correct a predetermined controlled parameter in the feedback control of the first feedback controller.

Abstract: Prior to failure determination of a three-way catalyst, which is carried out on the basis of a reverse frequency ratio of upstream and downstream O2 sensors, deterioration determination is performed at the point when the reverse frequency ratio of the O2 sensors starts to increase, and low NOx control is then implemented. The implement of the low NOx control makes it possible to compensate for the deterioration of the three-way catalyst with respect to NOx purification and to keep NOx emissions from the three-way catalyst equal to or less than the regulation value.

Abstract: A diesel particulate filter (14) which traps particulate matter and a NOx trap catalyst (13) which traps nitrogen oxides are installed in series in an exhaust passage (10) of a diesel engine (1). A controller (21) calculates a particulate matter deposition amount in the diesel particulate filter (14) (S4). The controller (21), when the particulate matter deposition amount exceeds a first predetermined amount (PM2), prevents sharp increase of the particulate matter deposition amount by prohibiting rich spike where the oxygen concentration of the exhaust gas is controlled to a value corresponding to a rich air-fuel ratio in order to regenerate the NOx trap catalyst (13) (S301, S302, S306), and prevents the particulate matter deposition amount of the diesel particulate filter (14) from reaching a limit.

Abstract: In an internal combustion engine, an exhaust passage is provided with a NOx storing and decomposing catalyst (20). When burning fuel under a lean air-fuel ratio, the nitrogen monoxide is adsorbed by the NOx storing and decomposing catalyst (20) and disassociated. At this time, the disassociated oxygen is held in the form of oxygen ions O? on the NOx storing and decomposing catalyst (20). By making the air-fuel ratio rich and purging part of these oxygen ions O?, the remaining oxygen ions O? are also purged. Due to this, the NOx purification performance of the NOx storing and decomposing catalyst (20) is restored.

Abstract: A method of removing sulfur from a filter system of an engine includes continuously passing an exhaust flow through a desulfation leg of the filter system during desulfation. The method also includes sensing at least one characteristic of the exhaust flow and modifying a flow rate of the exhaust flow during desulfation in response to the sensing.

Abstract: An exhaust system of an internal combustion engine having at least one cylinder comprises a main exhaust passage connected to the cylinder; a main catalytic converter disposed in the main exhaust passage; a bypass exhaust passage that diverges from the main exhaust passage, the bypass exhaust passage having a gas flow resistance larger than that of the main exhaust passage and having a downstream end connected to the main exhaust passage at a position upstream of the main catalytic converter; an auxiliary catalytic converter disposed in the bypass exhaust passage; and a gas flow switching device that is capable of forcing exhaust gas from the cylinder of the engine to flow toward the bypass exhaust passage when assuming a given operation position.

Abstract: An exhaust system is provided having an exhaust path configured to direct an exhaust stream away from an engine. The system may also include an exhaust treatment device in the exhaust path and configured to act on one or more substances in the exhaust stream. Further, the system may include at least one temperature sensing device configured to provide an output indicative of a temperature at one or more locations on a working material of the exhaust treatment device. In addition, the system may include a controller configured to generate a temperature map of the working material of the exhaust treatment device and to determine deviations from an expected temperature map.

Abstract: A vehicle has a fuel system operative to chemically reform a fuel gas a supply unit for supplying the fuel system with the fuel gas, and a gas reservoir provided with a storage volume for an intermediate storage of the fuel gas, the storage volume having a size that is changeable.

Abstract: In one embodiment, the exhaust manifold can comprise: an exhaust conduit having an inner surface, and an aluminide layer disposed on at least a portion of the inner surface of the manifold. In one embodiment, the method for making the exhaust manifold can comprise oxidizing aluminum on an inner surface of the manifold to form the aluminide layer.

Abstract: In an assembly including a diesel engine, a fluid coupling connected to the flywheel of the diesel engine, a comminuting machine and a conveyor for feeding the comminuting machine, a fluid coupling module is common to various output power train assemblies. Slip speed of the fluid coupling between impeller input and runner output shafts is measured, and modulates or regulates the process feed rate of the conveyer. An electrically actuated control valve acts as an oil flow diverter valve directing oil into the fluid coupling impeller when a signal to engage the coupling is given, and in response to a signal from an over-temperature sensor when the temperature of circuit oil leaving the element exceeds a preset set point value, diverts the oil to a reservoir, thereby permitting the impeller and runner cavity to evacuate, which separates the engine from the load.

Abstract: Systems and methods for using pedal position and/or pedal change rate in the fuel side and/or air side control of an engine. By knowing the pedal position and/or pedal rate, an engine controller may anticipate future fuel and/or air needs of the engine, and adjust the fuel profile and/or air profile to meet those anticipated needs. This may help improve the responsiveness, performance and emissions of the engine.

Abstract: A hydraulic drive is described for displacing an actuator (7) between two predetermined end positions, comprising a piston unit (4) which can be pressurized in a cylinder unit (3) in opposite directions by way of hydraulic springs and a control device for alternating pressurization in opposite directions of the piston unit (4). In order to provide advantageous constructional conditions it is proposed that the cylinder unit (3) comprises an end section (10) of smaller cross section than the remaining cylinder space (9) and receives in a sealing manner the respective face side (12) of the piston unit (4) in the associated end position, that the end sections (10) connected via a throttle (13) to a return line (14) for the hydraulic medium are delimited by a control edge (11) each relative to the remaining cylinder space (9), and that the control device consists of an actuating drive (28) for an axial relative movement of the control edge (11) relative to the face side (12) of the piston.

Abstract: A fluid pump control device for wheel loaders includes an engine for driving an axle through a transmission, a main pump, a variable-displacement steering pump with a pump regulator, an auxiliary pump, an electronic proportional control valve provided on a discharge quantity control signal line leading to the pump regulator for variably controlling a pilot pressure conveyed the pump regulator, a hydraulic load detector for detecting a real hydraulic load (Px), an engine revolution detector for detecting the number of revolution (N1) of the engine, a transmission revolution detector for detecting the number of output shaft revolution (N2) of the transmission. A controller is adapted to control the electronic proportional control valve and hence the fluid discharge quantity of the steering pump, based on the real hydraulic load (Px), the number of revolution (N1) of the engine and the number of output shaft revolution (N2) of the transmission.

Abstract: The intended purpose of my invention is to create a point of origin in system from which driving thrusts could evolve. In this system, vacuum can be developed with less force than it naturally is required to create said vacuum. By posting a cylinder, containing two pistons in each cylinder, on each side of the axis of rotation and having gas flow in an out the cylinders under controlled pressures, the system could create such vacuum. As a result, said vacuum can lift more mass than the mass creating said vacuum and, thus, imbalance could be achieved that rolls the system in one direction.

Abstract: A Stirling engine, wherein when a linear motor reciprocatingly move a piston in a cylinder, a displacer also reciprocatingly moves in the cylinder storing the displacer. By this, working mixture moves between a compression space and an expansion space. Though a spring for generating resonance is combined with the displacer, a spring for generating resonance for the piston is eliminated. Gas bearings are installed for the piston at two or more positions at specified intervals in the axial direction. An inside flange formed at the end of the cylinder and a stopper plate fixed to the linear motor determine the moving limit of the piston. Since a pin projected from the stopper plate is received by a through hole in a magnet holder, the piston can be prevented from being rotated.

Abstract: Methods and Systems for using a measure of fueling rate in the air side control of an engine. By using a measure of the fueling rate, the air side control may, for example, anticipate the future air side needs of the engine, and adjust one or more air side parameters to meet the anticipated future air side needs of the engine. This may improve the responsiveness, performance and emissions of the engine.

Abstract: An exemplary controller includes a control valve that includes an electric actuator operatively coupled to a valve stem, a piston operatively coupled to one or more hydraulic fluid paths controlled by the control valve and including a piston shaft, a rotatable shaft operatively coupled to the piston shaft and mechanically isolated from the valve stem and capable of adjusting geometry of the variable geometry turbine, and an electronic sensor capable of sensing an angular position of the rotatable shaft. Various other exemplary systems, methods, devices, etc., are also disclosed.

Abstract: A regulated two-stage turbocharger system is described. The turbocharger system includes high-pressure and low-pressure turbocharger units in communication with one another. The turbocharger system includes a valve system having valve members that are independently controllable so as to selectively control the gas flow into the turbine portions of the high-pressure turbocharger and the low-pressure turbocharger units. The valve members are asymmetric, e.g., they possess differing areas (e.g., perimeters, diameters and/or the like) with respect to one another.

Abstract: A regulated two-stage turbocharger system is described. The turbocharger system includes high-pressure and low-pressure turbocharger units in communication with one another. The turbocharger system includes a valve system having valve members that are independently controllable so as to selectively control the gas flow into the turbine portions of the high-pressure turbocharger and the low-pressure turbocharger units. The valve members are asymmetric, e.g., they possess differing areas (e.g., perimeters, diameters and/or the like) with respect to one another.

Abstract: A method for regulating the turbine power of a turbo in an internal combustion engine. The internal combustion engine comprises an exhaust-driven turbine with guide elements for guiding the exhaust gas flow to the turbine wheel, the orientation of the guide elements around respective axes thereof parallel to the axis of the turbine are adjustable within a range defined by a first end position (A) and a second end position (C) for the purpose of regulating the quantity of exhaust gases through the turbine.

Abstract: A compressed air supplying apparatus is provided for, in such vehicles with no air compressor as heavy construction equipments, extracting a portion of compressed air supplied from a turbocharger to an engine to use the extracted air for the purpose of cleaning a vehicle cabin or the like. The apparatus comprises a turbocharger and a bifurcate tube attached to midway of an intake pipe through which the turbocharger supplies compressed air to an intake manifold of an engine. The bifurcate tube is adapted to extract the compressed air from the intake pipe. An air spray device is connected to a distal end of the bifurcate tube so that it can spray the compressed air, if needed, to cleanse a vehicle cabin or other parts of the construction equipments.

Abstract: A multivariable controller that models the interaction between groups of sensors and groups of actuators during the operation of an engine. By accounting for the interactive effects that a group of actuators has on a sensor or group of sensors, improved system performance may be achieved. When emission sensors are used, such as NOX and/or PM sensors, the multivariable controller may help control the various engine actuators to reduce emissions of the engine.

Abstract: Methods and systems for controlling a diesel engine using a combined fuel and air-side controller are disclosed. An illustrative method may include the steps of providing a combined fuel and air-side controller adapted to coordinate both the fuel and air-side control of an engine, sensing one or more parameters, and outputting a fuel profile signal and one or more air-side control signals for controlling at least a part of the fuel-side and at least a part of the air-side of the engine. By centrally coordinating both the fuel and air-side control of the engine, the system can be configured to anticipate future fuel and/or air-side needs of the engine, thus improving system response, performance, and/or emissions.

Abstract: A mobile power station. The power station has a transportable housing. This housing is provided with a wind turbine and/or a solar cell panel containing solar cells and storage elements for storing electrical energy and supplying electrical energy. The wind turbine and the solar panel, respectively, are actively connected to the storage elements for supplying thereto electrical energy generated by the wind turbine and the solar panel, respectively. The storage elements include a battery as well as a hydrogen system. The hydrogen system includes a hydrogen generator, a hydrogen tank and a hydrogen cell for generating electrical energy by combustion of hydrogen. The mobile power station in particular also has a solar collector panel that is actively connected to a boiler for hot water.

Abstract: A geothermal power plant system for producing electricity and process heat at least one compressed gas storage device and at least one gas compression device connected to the at least one compressed gas storage device. At least one gas utilization device is connected to the at least one compressed gas storage device. At least one device for utilizing renewable energy such as of solar energy, wind energy, hydropower, ocean thermal energy, ocean waves, ocean current and tidal current, ambient heat or cold is provided.

Abstract: A fuel cell system having a fuel cell stack (9) employs a group of fuel cells between corresponding cooler plates (55). The system utilizes single phase coolant, the outflow of the coolant plates (55) being divided into a flow (78) just sufficient to provide adequate steam (68, 79) to a fuel reformer (58), the remainder of the coolant outlet flowing (76) directly to heat recovery and utilization apparatus (77), which may include fuel cell power plant accessories (85), such as chillers or boilers.

Abstract: A wall structure for restricting a hot-gas path in a gas turbine or in a combustion chamber includes a first wall segment having a first face and a second wall segment having a second face and disposed adjacent to each other in a connection area. A first face is disposed at a distance across from the second face so as to form a gap leading from an inside of the wall segments facing the hot-gas path to an outside of the wall segments facing away from the hot-gas path, wherein each of the first and second faces has a receiving groove having an opening, a bottom portion and two opposing groove walls open towards the gap. A sealing element having a thickness is disposed in the receiving grooves so as to bridge the gap. A first ratio of a distance measured at the groove bottom of each of the receiving grooves between the two respective opposing groove walls to a thickness of the sealing element is equal to or greater than 1.1.

Abstract: An augmentor liner is provided that includes an annulus disposed between a first wall and a second wall, and a plurality of baffles. The first wall is disposed radially inside of the second wall. The plurality of baffles extend heightwise between the first wall and the second wall, and are circumferentially spaced apart from one another by a distance. The distance between adjacent baffles is such that an acoustic wave entering an annulus compartment will travel between the first wall and second wall in a direction having a radial component that is substantially greater than a circumferential component. The baffle spacing may alternatively be described as being such that the circumferential component of the acoustic wave is substantially damped and therefore does not materially contribute to undesirable screech.

Abstract: The present invention comprises systems and methods for detecting flame blowout precursors in combustors. The blowout precursor detection system comprises a combustor, a pressure measuring device, and blowout precursor detection unit. A combustion controller may also be used to control combustor parameters. The methods of the present invention comprise receiving pressure data measured by an acoustic pressure measuring device, performing one or a combination of spectral analysis, statistical analysis, and wavelet analysis on received pressure data, and determining the existence of a blowout precursor based on such analyses. The spectral analysis, statistical analysis, and wavelet analysis further comprise their respective sub-methods to determine the existence of blowout precursors.

Abstract: A system for detecting spark in an igniter for a gas turbine engine. An igniter generates a plasma, or spark, somewhat similar to an automotive spark plug. In the invention, an inductive pick-up is positioned adjacent the igniter, to detect current pulses in the igniter, to thereby infer the presence of spark. The signal produced is small, and requires amplification. However, the environment is hot, often exceeding 400 degrees F. The invention utilizes an amplifier composed of passive components, in the form of an RLC circuit.

Abstract: An emergency electrical power generating apparatus for use with a turbofan engine comprises an electrical generator and a clutch assembly. The clutch connects the generator with a fan assembly of the engine only during a windmill action of the fan assembly.

Abstract: When operating an air-breathing engine, a liquid is injected in atomized form into an air intake duct of the engine. A measurement apparatus for determining the injected drop size or the drop concentration is arranged in or on the intake duct downstream of the location of the injection. These measured values are input into a control system, which controls suitable parameters of the injection apparatus in such a manner that the determined variables are controlled to desired values or into desired value ranges.

Abstract: Variable rate ignition method and system that take advantage of knowledge and analysis of environmental conditions and/or operational conditions. A variable ignition rate for igniting the engine permits an optimal use of the igniters and thereby prolongs their life as well as its associated maintenance schedule. Operating costs and durability are also enhanced. Furthermore, flexibility is enhanced since any changes to the method of determining the best spark rate can be made through update in the software of the engine controller instead of change in the hardware (e.g., the exciter).

Abstract: A heat pump for use in a variable temperature cushion includes a housing with an inlet and a blower motor to draw in outside air to a two stage Peltier effect module that forms a sealed wall between a sub-cool side and a warm side of the housing. At the bottom of the housing are a pair of outlets and a condensate trap spanning across that facilitates condensate transfer from the cool side to the warm side for evaporation out of the warm side outlet. The heat pump also preferably includes a heat pipe from the warm side to the cool side to transfer heat and reheat the air (at a lower relative humidity) exiting through the cool outlet. Applications of the heat pump include a variable temperature cushion such as a seat and backrest, or bedding such as a pillow. An air conditioned pillowcase includes a pair of air impervious layers connected together forming a plenum with tubular spacer material inside and having a plurality of outlet vents around the perimeter.

Abstract: Active cooling technologies such as thermoelectrics can be used to introduce thermal “gain” into a cooling system and, when employed in combination with forced flow liquid metal cooling loops, can provide an attractive solution for cooling high heat flux density devices and/or components. Total cooling power can be increased by employing multiple thermoelectric elements. Indeed, by employing modern semiconductor technologies, including e.g., thin-film technologies, thermoelectric elements may be cost-effectively employed and configured in large arrays.

Abstract: Active cooling technologies such as thermoelectrics can be used to introduce thermal “gain” into a cooling system and, when employed in combination with forced flow liquid metal cooling loops, can provide an attractive solution for cooling high heat flux density devices and/or components. In such configurations, it can be advantageous to configure fluid flows to provide heat transfer between hot-side and cold-side flows. For example, it can be desirable to substantially equilibrate temperature of liquid metal flows entering hot-side and cold-side paths. In this way, thermal differential (?T) across individual thermoelectric elements can be reduced, thereby improving efficiency of the thermoelectric. Various suitable recuperator designs are described including designs that provide heat exchange with and without mixture of respective flows.

Abstract: Active cooling technologies such as thermoelectrics can be used to introduce thermal “gain” into a cooling system and, when employed in combination with forced flow cooling loops, can provide an attractive solution for cooling high heat flux density devices and/or components. In such configurations, it can be advantageous to discontinuously flow thermal transfer fluid into thermal contact with the hot or cold side of a thermoelectric module (TEM), allow it to dwell while heat is transferred from or to the TEM, and resume the flow. In configurations in which the TEM operation is itself discontinuous, various relationships between thermal transfer fluid flow and TEM operation can be advantageously employed to temporally intergrate thermoelectric action.

Abstract: A radial acoustic driver uses to generate higher amplitude of pressure fluctuation with radial type standing wave. The radial acoustic driver includes a cyclic type resonance tube which is filled with a working fluid inside, and a ring type electricity-acoustic energy transducer that is inside the cyclic type resonance tube for generating a radial acoustic wave when receiving electricity.

Abstract: A cryostat assembly comprises a liquid coolant containing vessel; a mechanical cooler having at least one cooling stage located above the vessel; and a channel for conveying gaseous coolant from the vessel to the cooling stage where the coolant is condensed in use and then returns through the channel to the vessel. An acoustic wave attenuator is located in the channel for attenuating the passage of acoustic energy originating from the mechanical cooler and propagating through the gaseous coolant, while permitting flow of gaseous coolant to the cooling stage and flow of condensed coolant to the vessel.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for determining the sufficiency of refrigerant charge in an air conditioning system by the use of only two temperature measurements. The temperature of the liquid refrigerant leaving the condenser coil is sensed and the temperature of the condenser coil itself is sensed and the difference between these two measurements is calculated to provide an indication of the adequacy of refrigerant charge in the system. This process is refined by steps taken to eliminate measurements during transient operations and by filtering signals to eliminate undesirable noise. A permitted threshold of deviation is calculated by using probability theory.

Abstract: A method for operating an air conditioning system that is operable both manually and automatically for a transportation means and an air conditioning system for implementing the method are provided. An automatic characteristic line is corrected based on a manual operation. The air conditioning system includes sensors for detecting parameter values that influence and represent the climate in the transportation means, memory means having a plurality of automatic characteristic lines for different operating states which represent the fixedly predetermined dependencies between the detected sensor signals of an operating state and the assigned manipulated variables for components of the air conditioning system during automatic operation, and equipment for manual adjustment of manipulated variables.

Abstract: An air conditioning system includes a plurality of sensors for sensing temperature and/or pressure conditions of the system which collectively indicate the actual refrigerant charge level in the system. This level is then compared with optimum level values that are stored in memory, and the difference between the two is used to indicate whether the system is properly charged. If not, the difference is applied to open a charge valve or a purge valve to automatically install additional refrigerant or to remove refrigerant so as to establish an optimum volume of refrigerant in the system.