Abstract: A vehicle steering wheel comprises a hub and several switches The switches are integrated in a common housing which is secured to the hub.

Abstract: In order to suppress axial vibration in a crank system, prevent knocking sound, and reduce vibration noise, a flywheel (1) which is mounted onto the crankshaft of an engine (E) is made into a spoked form having an uneven number of spokes (5). This prevents the symmetrical bending that occurs with an even number of spokes, and divides the vibration mode in the peripheral direction. It is preferable that the number of spokes be seven. The flywheel (1) is mounted such that, when the pistons of predetermined cylinders #5 and #6 are at top dead center at the start of the expansion stroke, one of the spokes (5a) is positioned on the opposing side to these predetermined cylinders, which border the center of the crank (C).

Abstract: A bottle cap opener for opening twistable type caps. The opener may include a housing to apply a twisting force to the caps. Twisting force may also be applied via a handle. The opener also may include cap grabbers movable within the housing. The progressively narrowing interior shape of the housing allows the cap grabbers to adjust to the size of the cap. The opener also may include engaging members that engage the cap grabbers at a particular position within the housing. The engagement can be accomplished with a set of teeth on the cap grabbers and a corresponding hook member on the engaging members. The engaging members are pivotally mounted and include engaging spring to provide the engaging forces. A spring exerts a downward on the cap grabbers. The bottle opener retains the bottle cap in the housing after the bottle is opened until the user disengages the engaging members.

Abstract: Deadblow hammers capable of minimizing or eliminating recoils when the hammers impact their targets are discussed which have easy access anti-recoil chambers and which have open sockets for receiving handles that extend the length of the hammerhead body. These hammers incorporate filler materials, which function to negate the effects of the hammer recoils, with improved filling port(s) for filling the filler materials. Golf clubs with anti-recoil chamber and insert elements are also discussed.

Abstract: A battery-operated screwdriver (10) with a housing (12, 18) with a grip (14), in particular with a fixedly built-in battery (40), and with charging contact tongues (37) for charging the battery (40), is designed as especially compact and lightweight because instead of a boxlike, standard ON/OFF switch, counterpart contacts (34) fixed to the tool are provided, to which a contact plate (32) that is movable by means of an ON/OFF trigger (26) and in the process is coupleable to the counterpart contacts (34) and upon their release is easily releasable, is assigned.

Abstract: A self-adjusting locking plier having a stationary assembly providing a stationary handle and a stationary jaw and a moveable assembly including an operating lever and a moveable jaw that is supported on the stationary jaw with a slidable pivot connection whereby the moveable jaw is permitted to automatically close down on an object disposed between the jaws for providing self-adjustment for different sized objects to be gripped between the jaws. The operating lever is spring biased to move away from the stationary handle. In addition, a dual link past-dead-center toggle locking mechanism is provided to lock the pliers on to an object gripped between the jaws. The specific arrangement of the locking toggle mechanism in combination with the moveable operating lever to which it is connected in further combination with the fact that the front end of the lever mechanism is connected with a slidable pivot to the stationary jaw provides a self-adjusting locking plier.

Abstract: A multi-purpose pliers includes a pair of lever arms pivotally joined at a pivot. Each lever arm includes a handle end and a jaw end. The jaw ends comprise a plurality of graduated engagement positions to engage a range of fastener sizes. The graduated engagement positions include a plurality of stepped flats or angled notches for square or hexagonal fasteners or other with parallel sides. The handles and jaws may be temporarily fixed into position to simulate a box end wrench with parallel jaws. The pivot includes an adjustable joint with at least two pivot positions. Each of the handle ends may include a driver tip, such as a screwdriver, concealed beneath a removable grip. The driver tips are interchangeable.

Abstract: A fastener feeding device may include a housing that is securable to a power tool, a glider assembly that is slidably coupled to the housing, a depth control nose slidably coupled to the glider assembly and the housing, and a locking member pivotally coupled to the glider. The locking member may include a mounting sleeve coupleable to a power tool for providing a quick release connection of the feeding device to the power tool. A depth stop may be coupled to the mounting sleeve and may be engageable with a depth stop adjusting ring to adjust a depth to which a fastener driven by the system is driven relative to a surface of a workpiece. A depth control locking member may be pivotally coupled to the glider assembly for adjusting the depth nose control nose with respect to the glider assembly. An extension may be connectable between the power tool and the feeding device.

Abstract: A screw driver for housing and supplying bits has a housing with a elongate tube extending through the housing along the axis to a forward presentation end of the tube at which the bits are presented for use. The housing has a rotatable storage holder mounted in the housing for holding and storing a plurality of tool bits and arranged by manual engagement with an exposed side portion to rotate about a second axis parallel to the tube. A plunger carried on an end cap with a hexagonal sleeve has a flat magnetic bit carrying face at the forward end and receives a cooperating portion of the housing as a sliding fit. The holder is removable by pressing an ejection button on an opposite face of the housing and has a magnet which holds the bits in place. The plunger is restricted against free sliding movement by a friction head which presses against the side of the plunger.

Abstract: A multi-spindle machine system includes a pick-off attachment. The pick-off attachment enables a more compact and stronger pick-off spindle. The shorter pick-off spindle is able to pick off longer work pieces. High speed bearings and oil lubrication enable the pick-off attachment to perform additional back machining functions. Other features include a dovetail spindle housing support associated with a slip-inducing composite material, an over-tension stop indicator, and an increased pick off position to cam position ratio.

Abstract: When performing a punching operation for each of sheets individually conveyed to a predetermined punching position within a conveying path, each of the individually conveyed sheets is positioned at the predetermined punching position before performing the punching operation.

Abstract: The present invention is directed towards an apparatus for guiding continuous materials. In one embodiment of the invention, the apparatus comprises first and second conveyors, each comprising a continuous conveyor belt carried by a set of pulleys including a drive pulley and an idler pulley. The conveyor belts have opposing inner surfaces that are oriented to travel substantially parallel to one another to sandwich continuous materials therebetween. The ratio of the diameters of the idler pulleys to the drive pulleys is greater than about 8:1. In another embodiment of the invention, a chopper is provided. The chopper comprises a cutting roll and a cot member defining a nip region therebetween. The cutting roll has an axis of rotation that is aligned substantially parallel to an axis of rotation of a cot member. The small turning radii permit the conveyor belts to extend within the nip region.

Abstract: A machine for slitting a metal sheet has a number of knife holder assemblies each containing a rotary knife. The knife holder assemblies are mounted for movement along upper and lower rotating shafts which rotate the knives during a slitting operation. The position of the knife holder assemblies is programmably controlled for efficient and accurate positioning and adjustment of the knives along the rotating shafts for a variety of slitting configurations. Additionally, each of the upper and lower drive shafts contains a pair of drive shaft sections that are normally connected together during operation and can be disconnected for servicing of the knife holder assemblies on the shafts. The slitting machine includes upper and lower frames that are movable relative to each other by adjustment of a pair of jack screws to slit metal sheets of differing thicknesses without labor intensive adjustment or reconfiguration of the machine.

Abstract: An apparatus for use with a table saw to decrease a clearance of a surface surrounding a saw blade includes a throat plate that is inserted into an elongated slot that is provided in the surface of the table saw. The throat plate includes an enlarged opening with a pair of spaced-apart rails that, together, are adapted receive a replaceable T-shaped center portion. The center portion is cut by the saw blade as the blade is raised from below the center portion resulting in a space around the blade having a clearance that approximates the kerf of the blade. Screws secure the center portion in the enlarged opening. A pair of cam screws secures the throat plate in the elongated slot. A side to side adjustable splitter is attached to the throat plate.

Abstract: A safety cable cutter used for cutting a cable used in servicing an oil and gas well. A centrifugal arm roller and a guide roller are mounted on top of a frame. The cable is received on the rollers as the cable is lowered down a well bore. Mounted on ends of the centrifugal arm roller is a centrifugal arm attached to an arm coil spring. The coil spring holds the centrifugal arm next to the end of the roller. Opposite ends of a clamp attached to a cutter bar are slidably received in a pair of cutter bar guides. When the centrifugal arm roller exceeds a certain speed indicating a free fall of the cable, the bias force of the arm coil springs is overcome and the arms move outwardly. Contact ends of the arms engage the opposite ends of the clamp. The clamp and cutter bar are then moved outwardly and the cutter bar cuts the cable.

Abstract: A visual assistance guide system for placement of a disrupter device for explosive ordinance disposal includes a checkerboard base and adhesive containing areas on the base. One of the adhesive containing areas is used to secure a disrupter device on the base. The checkerboard pattern helps position of the disrupter device (preferably done with a robot) at the proper standoff distance from the package targeted for disposal. Other adhesive areas are located so that a detonation line or shock tube emanating from the disrupter device can be secured to the base in the proper position.

Abstract: A strand feeding device includes a seat body, a bobbin-mounting post extending uprightly from said seat body, a bobbin sleeved rotatably around the post, a pair of strand-guiding posts extending upwardly from the seat body and a strand-guiding member installed at the distal end of said strand-guiding posts. Said strand-guiding member includes an aperture, formed by a pair of first arc segments having a major axis with respect to which the aperture is symmetrical, and a pair of second arc segments having a minor axis with respect to which the aperture is symmetrical. This configuration of aperture enhances the braiding fluency and produces a coaxial cable with high quality of insulation.

Abstract: A vacuum brake booster having a vacuum chamber and a working chamber, which are separated from one another by a movable wall, and a control valve is described. The control valve has a control valve housing (10), which is coupled workingly to the movable wall and which, for achieving a pressure difference at the movable wall, is capable of controlling the supply of atmospheric pressure or above-atmospheric pressure to the working chamber in dependence upon the displacement of an input element of the vacuum brake booster. The control valve housing (10) comprises an outer sleeve (12) and an inner sleeve (48), which is disposed radially at the inside of and coaxially with the outer sleeve (12) and is connected by a plurality of webs (58, 62) to the outer sleeve (12).

Abstract: In a continuously variable transmission with a toroidal variable speed drive, in which a roller is supported pivotably between two toroidal disks for transmitting motion between the two toroidal disks at transmission ratios which depend on the pivot position of the roller according to pressure forces acting on a hydraulic actuating piston, for the purpose of varying the transmission ratio, two regulating slide valves are provided, each including a regulating slide with control edges to act upon the hydraulic actuating piston via a hydraulic medium under the control of the regulating slide valves each controlling the pressure in one of the chambers arranged at opposite ends of the actuating piston.

Abstract: Disclosed is a gas cylinder, for improving sealing characteristics of the gas cylinder and improving convenience in manufacturing, including: a valve having a gas opening/closing pin at a through hole in its center, for intermittently passing a gas, and additionally having a valve dividing body seated on a groove approximately in a lower part of the through hole; a spindle to an upper inside of which the valve is inserted; and a piston inserted to an inside of an open cylinder of the spindle, and having, a step threshold formed at a predetermined distance from an upper end, to which an O-ring for maintaining sealing is fit, and having another step threshold ranging from a lower side of the step threshold to a lower end on an inner lateral surface of the piston, to which an O-ring is fit.

Abstract: The invention concerns a valve arrangement for controlling a hydraulic drive, the supply and the outflow of the hydraulic drive being separately controllable. It is endeavoured to improve the valve arrangement in such a manner that it is intrinsically tight, at the same time having a relatively simple design. For this purpose, a pump pipe and a tank pipe are connected with a first control valve, the first control valve being connected by separate pipes with a second control valve and a third control valve connected in parallel with the second control valve, the second control valve being connected with a first working connection of the hydraulic drive and the third control valve being connected with a second working connection of the hydraulic drive, backflow preventers for preventing the flow from the hydraulic drive in the direction of the tank being connected in parallel with the second control valve and/or the third control valve.

Abstract: There is provided a refrigerant compressor including compressor parts having sliding portions slidable relative to each other and a refrigeration oil applied to the sliding portions of the compressor parts. At least one of the sliding portions of the compressor parts has a hard carbon coating formed thereon with a hydrogen content of 20 atomic % or less.

Abstract: A paint composition including a surface-modified fluoro-resin powder and a dispersion medium for dispersing the fluoro-resin powder, with the dispersion medium containing a heat-resistant resin and a solvent for dissolving the heat-resistant resin. The paint composition is useful for painting a sliding part, such as parts of a compressor. In particular, the paint composition is useful for forming a resin layer on sliding surfaces that contains the surface-modified fluoro-resin powder and heat-resistant resin for enhancing sliding properties of these surfaces.

Abstract: The invention concerns a piston arrangement having a piston with a piston head and a piston skirt with a circumferential surface, and a connecting rod, which is connected with the piston via a ball joint comprising a ball, and penetrated by an oil supply channel, which is connected with a bearing surface of the ball joint.

Abstract: A method for preparing beverages, includes supplying water from a water source to a tapping point, supplying powder for beverages from a container to the tapping point, characterized in that the supplying of powder for beverages is performed without the influence of gravitational force. The invention also relates to a device for carrying out the method.

Abstract: Cooking apparatus, comprising a support structure, a cooking vessel having an opening therein, a cover controlling access to the vessel, and cover actuation apparatus. The cover actuation apparatus pivots the cover, and optionally includes slide structure enabling the cover to slide out of full overlying relationship with the vessel opening to a partially overlying relationship, before the pivoting action occurs. Optional biasing structure biases the cover upwardly from a position overlying the vessel opening. Preferred structure combines both sliding action and pivoting action to displace the cover from over the vessel opening, and to present the cover to the opening for sealing over the cooking vessel.

Abstract: A multi-port, bottom-filling injection device having a filling head that splits a flow of filling among two or more spouts or needles. In accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, an injection device comprises a filling head having several spouts attached to a spout cap, a platen for holding a chambered food item, and a holding apparatus for securing the food item during filling. The injection device can simultaneously provide a food filling to each chamber of a multi-chambered food item without leaving unsightly fill holes in the top or side surfaces.

Abstract: A refrigerant gas is collected and a compressor is removed from a discarded refrigerator, a heat-insulating housing including a heat insulator is cut/processed and separated into a plurality of pieces, and the pieces are compressed/processed by compression rollers opposing each other so as to collect a gas contained in the heat insulator. In accordance with this method, substantially no gas contained in the heat insulator is diffused at the time of cutting the heat-insulating housing, and the gas can be collected at a high concentration because it is collected by being allowed to leak out at the time of compressing. Furthermore, by using the compression rollers, closed-cells in the heat insulator can be crushed easily, thereby collecting the gas completely and reliably. Thus, it is possible to collect a foaming gas contained in the heat insulator efficiently and disassemble a refrigerator at low cost without increasing the size of equipment and an installation space.

Abstract: A calender for a sheet of paper comprising a metal roll which is rotated by a first driving unit. The calender further comprises a rotatable cylindrical jacket, a pressurizing shoe, and a plurality of support members. The cylindrical jacket is disposed opposite the metal roll to form a calender nip so that the sheet of paper is continuously passed through the calender nip. The pressurizing shoe is provided within the jacket at the position of the calender nip and presses the interior surface of the jacket radially outward to pressurize the calender nip. The support members are disposed inside the jacket so that they are equally balanced in the peripheral direction of the jacket.

Abstract: An efficiency is further improved in comparison with a conventional manual operation by automatically applying a material to a film-like body by a machine. A film-like body is delivered from a supply apparatus and is taken up by a take-up apparatus. A material is applied by a squeegee of a squeegee apparatus in the middle of the above, and is heated and dried by a reflow apparatus and an application of the material is executed by a rotation of a screen mask supported to a mask support body in a cylindrically wound state in correspondence to a moving speed of the film-like body, a slidable contact of the squeegee of the squeegee apparatus installed in an inner portion of the screen mask with an inner surface of the screen mask, and a downward extrusion of the material.

Abstract: A stencil for use in fabricating semiconductor devices is disclosed that has an aperture having a first portion extending from a first side thereof and a second portion extending from a second side thereof to minimize the shear stress between the material extruded therethrough and the stencil. The stencil allows for material to be extruded through the top of the stencil to the surface of the substrate and not contact the wall of the second portion of the aperture of the stencil. Since the material only contacts a small area of the first portion of the aperture near the top of the stencil, the material remains on the substrate and not in the aperture of the stencil.

Abstract: A fixture attached to the rear of the base plate of a semi-automatic screen printer includes an element holder having a vertical recess or pocket for receiving an assembly, such as a substrate, of LTCC laminate material lengthwise therein so as to expose only one side surface to the printing head which would otherwise be prevented because of the height restrictions imposed by the printer head.

Abstract: A conveyor unit for conveying flat objects includes at least first, second and third endless belts, together with a cylinder. The first endless belt extends along a part of the circumference of the cylinder and forms, with the cylinder circumference, a section of a path of conveyance for the objects. The second and third belts define another section of the path of conveyance.

Abstract: In an oscillating roller swing device including an oscillating roller, a rotating shaft having an inclined shaft portion, a cylindrical sleeve rotatably supported on the inclined shaft portion of the rotating shaft, a disk rotatably supported on the sleeve, and an oscillation drive motor for rotating the rotating shaft, an oscillation amount adjusting device for an oscillating roller comprises: a fitting groove provided in the sleeve; a parallel shaft portion having an axis parallel to the axis of the oscillating roller; a rotating member rotatably supported on the parallel shaft portion and provided with a fitting protrusion engaging the fitting groove of the sleeve; and an oscillation amount adjusting motor for rotating the rotating member relative to the rotating shaft.

Abstract: The printing cylinder such as a rubber blanket cylinder of a web fed offset printing machine is provided. The printing cylinder includes a rotatable clamping mechanism in a clamping channel. A side of the clamping channel is configured so as to be movable such that the clamping channel can be opened by turning the clamping mechanism. When the clamping channel is open, the ends of the rubber blanket can be inserted. The clamping channel can then be closed by turning the clamping mechanism in the opposite direction such that the ends of the rubber blanket adjoin one another.

Abstract: The present invention includes a method of preparing an inkjet ink imaged lithographic printing plate by imagewise applying an acidic inkjet ink onto a substrate coated with an inkjet ink reactive coating composition which is acid-catalyzed, to produce an imaged coated substrate wherein the inkjet ink imaged regions are more insoluble than non-imaged regions. Then the imaged and non-imaged regions of the imaged coated substrate are contacted with a developer or fountain solution to selectively remove the coating from the soluble non-imaged regions. The present invention also includes an inkjet ink imaged lithographic printing plate which is prepared by the method of the invention.

Abstract: A translation system, applicable in trains, elevators, aircraft launchers, rail guns, conveyors, door openers, machine tools and servo drives, includes a first linear switch reluctance machine (“LSRM”) having a stator and a translator each configured, positioned and proportioned for electromagentic engagement with the other. The system further includes an assembly for selectable application of at least one phase of a multiphasic DC excitation to the LSRM to produce a longitudinal or propulsive force between the stator and translator. The system further includes an assembly for the substantially simultaneous application of at least two phases of the DC excitation to the LSRM to produce a continual normal force between the stator and translator. A second LSRM may be provided, positioned in quadrature to the first LSRM, and in electromagetic engagement with it.

Abstract: A binding system for applying a vertical compressive force to the refractory walls of a rectangular or circular furnace comprises a compressive member engaging a laterally extending surface of the furnace wall and a support member to which the compressive member is connected. The compressive member preferably comprises a coil spring which acts directly on the laterally extending surface or indirectly through a force-applying member. The force applied by the compressive member is sufficient to control vertical expansion and substantially prevent vertical expansion of the furnace walls due to infiltration of material into the joints between the refractory bricks during operation of the furnace.

Abstract: The wiper device for a sewing machine having a wiper member swingable from the operating position to a non-operating position on an embroidery presser foot, in which a needle thread-end is retained by being clamped between a frictional-resistance applying member fixed to an underside of a thread engagement portion located on a distal end of the wiper member and an upper surface of a cloth presser pressing a workpiece cloth by a returning movement of the wiper member from an operating position in which the wiper member performs a thread wiping operation to a stand-by position.

Abstract: A device is taught for holding a sew cord or corded piping while it is cut and for manufacturing sew cord with a desired seam allowance. The device incorporates an adjustable seam allowance by providing notches cut for holding the sew cord after or during stitching and during the cutting of the seam allowance. Various methods of adjusting the length of the seam and automating the process include having variable distance cuts, having a reduced side for tracking a cutting blade incorporating the device into a presser and incorporating a cutting blade in the product.

Abstract: A ramp assembly for a pontoon boat includes a pair of ramp support members, at least one of a roller and a guide bar, and a ramp. The ramp support members are positioned beneath a deck of the pontoon boat and include a vertically-oriented portion. The at least one of the roller and the guide bar is mounted to the vertically-oriented portion of each ramp support member. The ramp includes a pair of side rails, each side rail positioned on a side of a ramp walkway, the side rails each having an upper rail member and a lower rail member joined by a web and forming an outboard pocket. The ramp is received between the ramp support members such that the at least one of the roller and the guide bar mounted to each vertically-oriented portion is positioned in the outboard pocket of each side rail.

Abstract: The invention relates to a lancet device for a face-to-face weaving machine (100), comprising one or several lancets (1,2,3;16), a lancet (1,2,3,16) at one extremity being provided to be installed in a lancet holder and at its other extremity being provided with a lancet tip (4a,4b), the lancets (1,2,3,16) being carried out in at least two embodiments, that are provided to be installed alternately next to one another in the face-to-face weaving machine, each of the two or several lancets (1,2,3,16) installed next to one another in the zone between the point where it is received in the lancet holder and the tip (4a,4b) of the lancet (1,2,3,16) on the opposite extremity of the lancet (1,2,3,16) being provided with one or several zones (C,D), that are not overlapping one another when the lancets (1,2,3,16) are projected in the weft direction. The invention furthermore relates to a face-to-face weaving machine that is equipped with a lancet device according to the invention.

Abstract: An improved livestock feeder provided with an adjustable feed dispensing mechanism including control levers which are operatively connected to the feed metering gates to control the flow of feed to livestock. The dispensing mechanism features a plurality of adjustable control levers which engage an array of indexing holes formed in the feeder to set the vertical height adjustment of the feed gates. The dispensing mechanism includes a graduated scale corresponding to each of the index holes to provide a standard setting for the feeder which can be utilized by an animal producer to supply of feed flow at a given stage in the animal's life cycle to obtain a desired growth rate.

Abstract: An aquarium overflow system includes a standpipe with snap-fit mounting constructions, an air vent, air and water apertures, and an adjustable height version.

Abstract: A novel animal shelter or habitat is constructed from substantially rigid foam insulation for protecting a small pet from extreme temperatures outdoor or in semi-protected locations. The habitat preferably comprises side walls, a roof and floor constructed from rigid foam board, and has an appropriately sized portal on one side to minimize heat loss, thus providing for rapid warming and comfort via the retention of the animals own body heat.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for dosing a fuel with a fuel additive comprising (i) passing the fuel from a fuel container through a dosing apparatus (ii) dosing the fuel with additive in an amount based on the fuel passing through the dosing apparatus and independently of the concentration of the additive in the fuel (iii) returning a portion of the fuel to the container.

Abstract: The present invention provides a means for momentarily reducing cooling fan load on an engine when a machine encounters sudden loads. The system includes an engine, a load driven by the engine, a cooling system associated with the machine, and one or more controllable cooling fans for delivering air to the cooling system. A controller continually monitors engine speed, reducing fan load when engine speed is both decreasing faster than a maximum rate and is lower than the desired speed. The controller then re-engages the fan load when engine speed is approximately equal to the desired speed or when a maximum disengagement time has elapsed.

Abstract: A V-quad engine has two juxtaposed V-twin cylinder banks connected to a common crankshaft and fuel and ignition systems that cause the front cylinders in the two banks to fire simultaneously and the rear cylinders in the two banks to fire simultaneously. Conventional V-twin components are used for many components of the V-quad engine. Master-slave rocker shaft assemblies are provided with angularly adjustable links to drive the left bank rocker shafts in unison with the right bank rocker shafts.

Abstract: A device for controlling gas-exchange valves of an internal combustion engine is provided, which device has hydraulic valve actuators each allocated to one gas-exchange valve. Each valve actuator has an actuating piston acting on the gas-exchange valve, and two hydraulic working chambers delimited by the actuating piston, of which the first working chamber acting upon the gas-exchange valve in the closing direction is constantly filled with fluid under pressure, and the second working chamber acting upon the gas-exchange valve in the opening direction is able to be alternately filled with fluid under pressure and relieved via two electric control valves. For the purpose of cost reduction, provided for each valve-actuator pair is a single first electric control valve that is acted upon with the fluid pressure on the intake side, and is connected on the outlet side to the second working chamber of one valve actuator.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine 100 comprises a variable valve mechanism 424 and a deposit removal executing section for removing deposits. The deposit removal executing section controls the variable valve mechanism 424 to increase the flow speed of intake air to internal combustion engine 100, thereby removing deposits adhering in proximity to the intake valve 422.