Abstract: A method of synthesizing a polynucleotide which can, for example, be used during fabrication of an array. A second nucleoside is coupled to a first nucleoside through a phosphite linkage, with the second nucleoside having a hydroxyl protecting group that is a non-carbonate protecting group. The product of the foregoing step is exposed to a composition which both oxidizes the formed phosphite to a phosphate and deprotects the protected hydroxyl of the coupled nucleoside. The method has particular application to fabricating an addressable array of polynucleotides on a substrate which carries substrate bound moieties each with a hydroxyl group.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for preparing a sugar chain asparagine derivative. According to the process, various isolated sugar chain asparagine derivatives useful in the field of the development of pharmaceuticals and the like can be conveniently obtained in a large amount as compared to that of the prior art. The present invention also provides a process for preparing a sugar chain asparagine and a process for preparing a sugar chain via a step for preparing a sugar chain asparagine derivative. The present invention further provides a novel sugar chain asparagine derivative, a sugar chain asparagine and a sugar chain.

Abstract: A novel process for producing 2,4,6-tris(hydroxyphenyl amino)-1,3,5-triazine is disclosed. The process comprises reacting a compound represented by a formula (I) and a compound represented by a formula (II) in the presence of a base in a mixed solvent of at least one organic solvent and water, to produce a compound represented by a formula (III): where Y represents a substituent, R1 represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent, m is an integer from 1 to 5, n is an integer from 0 to 4, and when n is 2 or larger, plural Y are same or different each other or plural Y may bond to each other.

Abstract: Substituted pyrazolopyrimidines and thiazolopyrimidines, specifically, compounds corresponding to the structure (I A), (I B) or (II) processes for their preparation, substance libraries containing them, pharmaceutical formulations containing these compounds, the use of these compounds for the production of medicaments for the treatment and/or prophylaxis of pain and related treatment methods are provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing pyridinyl and pyrimidinyl mono-fluorinated beta keto esters of formula (I): wherein: R1 represents a pyridine ring or a pyrimidine ring, the rings being optionally substituted by a C3-6 cycloalkyl group, a C1-4 alkyl group, a C1-4 alkoxy group, a benzyl group or a halogen atom; R2 represents a hydrogen atom, a C1-6 alkyl group or ahalogenatom; and R3 represents a C1-6 alkyl group; by reacting with fluorine a compound of formula (II) wherein R1, R2 and R3 have the same meaning as defined above.

Abstract: This invention describes various processes for synthesis and resolution of racemic amino-substituted fused bicyclic ring systems. One process utilizes selective hydrogenation of an amino-substituted fused bicyclic aromatic ring system. An alternative process prepares the racemic amino-substituted fused bicyclic ring system via nitrosation. In addition, the present invention describes the enzymatic resolution of a racemic mixture to produce the (R)— and (S)— forms of amino-substituted fused bicyclic rings as well as a racemization process to recycle the unpreferred enantioner. Further provided by this invention is an asymmetric synthesis of the (R)— or (S)— enantiomer of primary amino-substituted fused bicyclic ring systems.

Abstract: The present invention is related to novel processes for preparing anhydrous and hydrated forms of piperidine derivatives, polymorphs and pseudomorphs thereof of the formulas which are useful as antihistamines, antiallergic agents and bronchodilators.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel diaryl 1,2,4-triazole derivative of the following formula 1 as a highly selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor: Wherein, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, W and A is as defined in this specification.

Abstract: The present invention relates to processes and intermediates for the preparation of 6–11 bicyclic erythromycin derivatives.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of compounds of formula I wherein the substituents are as defined in claim 1, by conversion of a compound of formula II reaction of that compound with a compound of formula IV X—C(O)—Q,??(IV) wherein X is a leaving group, to form a compound of formula V and treatment of that compound in the presence of a base with catalytic amounts of cyanide ions.

Abstract: This invention relates to inhibitors of p38, and methods for producing these inhibitors. The invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising the inhibitors of the invention and methods of utilizing the inhibitors and pharmaceutical compositions in the treatment and prevention of various disorders mediated by p38.

Abstract: A process for preparing glycidylphtalimide or it optically active compound by reacting a phthalimide alkalimetal salt with an epihalohydrin or an optically active epihalohydrin in an alcohol solvent; or by reacting phthalimide with an epihalohydrin or an optically active epihalohydrin in the presence of an alkali metal carbonate, an alkali metal hydrogencarbonate or a quaternary ammonium salt to obtain a N-(3-halogeno-2-hydroxypropyl)phthalimide and then by cyclizing the product with an alkali metal alkoxide.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for producing a 2-hydrocarbyl-3,3-bis(4-hydroxyaryl)phthalimidine. The method comprises forming a reaction mixture comprising at least one substituted or unsubstituted phenolphthalein compound, at least one substituted or unsubstituted primary hydrocarbyl amine, and an acid catalyst; and heating the reaction mixture to form 2-hydrocarbyl-3,3-bis(4-hydroxyaryl)phthalimidine. An adduct of the 2-hydrocarbyl-3,3-bis(4-hydroxyaryl)phthalimidine is formed either by using an excess of the primary hydrocarbyl amine in the first heating step, or by isolating crude 2-hydrocarbyl-3,3-bis(4-hydroxyaryl)phthalimidine after the heating step and then reacting with a further amount of the primary hydrocarbyl amine. The 2-hydrocarbyl-3,3-bis(4-hydroxyaryl)phthalimidine has a formula: where R1 is selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen and a hydrocarbyl group, and R2 is selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen, a hydrocarbyl group, and a halogen.

Abstract: Designed imminocyclitols have potent inhibition activity with respect to hexoaminidases and glycosidases.

Abstract: There are disclosed novel compounds, liquid crystal compositions, polymers, optically anisotropic producgs, and optical or liquid crystal elements that have large refractive index anisotropy, mix easily with other liquid crystals, have advantageous stability against light, and exhibit absorption at practically short wavelength in the ultraviolet region. The compounds are represented by the formula (1) and have a phenylacetylene structure, wherein difference ?E in energy of HOMO of parts (1-1), (1-2) and (1-3) calculated by the method of molecular orbitals is not less than 0.3 electronvolt, and the polarizability anisotropy ?? of a molecule represented by the formula (1) calculated in the same way is not lower than 500 A.U.: P1—H??(1-2) P2—H??(1-3) (A1 to A4: H, F, alkyl or alkoxy group of C1 to C10 optionally substituted with F; P1, P2: structure fulfilling the conditions of HOMO energy and polarizability).

Abstract: The present invention is concerned with a novel process for the manufacture of ?-tocopheryl acetate which comprises reacting 2,3,6-trimethylhydroquinone-1-acetate with a compound selected from the group consisting of phytol (formula IV with R?OH), iso-phytol (formula III with R?OH), and (iso) phytol derivatives represented by the following formulae III and IV with R?C2-to C5-alkonoyloxy, benzoyloxy, mesyloxy, bezenesul-fonyloxy or tosyloxy, (IV) in the presence of a catalyst of the formula Mn+(R1SO3?)n, wherein Mn+ is a silver, copper, gallium, hafnium or rare earth metal cation, n is the valence of the cation Mn+, and R1 is fluorine, C1-8-perfluoroalkyl or perfluoroaryl, and, if required, cyclizing any 3-phytyl-2,5,6-trimethylhydroquinone-1-acetate or a double bond isomer thereof obtained as an intermediate reaction product, to produce ?-tocopheryl acetate. In the catalyst Mn+ is preferably Ag+, Cu+, Ga3+, Sc3+, Lu3+, Ho3+, Tm3+, Yb3+ or Hf4+.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for treating mammalian disease characterized by undesirable angiogenesis by administering derivatives of 2-methoxyestradiol of the general formula: wherein the variables are defined in the specification.

Abstract: A transition metal complex having 2,2?-bis[bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-methoxyphenyl)phosphino]-1,1?-binaphthyl as a ligand. The presence of the transition metal complex in the reaction system of an asymmetric reaction system allows the preparation of an objective compound having an objective absolute configuration with improved efficiency.

Abstract: A novel process for preparation of alkenylphosphine oxides or alkenylphosphinic acid esters provided by which the objective compounds can be easily, safely and efficiently synthesized and easily separated and purified with little formation of by-products. Specifically, a process of conducting the addition reaction of an easily available secondary phosphine oxide or hydrogen phosphinic acid ester with an acetylene compound with a catalyst containing a Group 9 or 10 metal of the periodic table to thereby obtain the corresponding alkenylphosphine oxide or alkenylphosphinic acid ester.

Abstract: A method of treating viral infections, and in particular HIV-1, hepatitis B virus, and herpes virus, is disclosed. The method comprises administering to a subject in need of such treatment an infection-controlling amount of a phospholipid or phospholipid derivative.

Abstract: Compounds of Formula I are disclosed which are useful as fungicides wherein Q is Z is X is —O—, —CH(R11)— or ?C(R11)—; R1 is H or C1–C2 alkyl; R2 is H; C1–C6 alkyl; C3–C6 cycloalkyl; or phenyl optionally substituted with halogen, cyano, C1–C2 alkyl or C1–C2 alkoxy; and R3–R11 are as defined in the disclosure. Also disclosed are compositions containing the compounds of Formula I and a method for controlling plant diseases caused by fungal plant pathogens which involves applying an effective amount of a compound of Formula I.

Abstract: Biphenylcarboxamide compounds of formula (I) methods for preparing such compounds, pharmaceutical compositions comprising said compounds as well as the use of said compounds as a medicine for the treatment of hyperlipidemia, obesity and type II diabetes.

Abstract: Novel urea and urethane derivatives of general formula (I) in which R1, R2, R3, R5, R5?, X, Y, B, m, n and o are as defined in Patent Claim 1, and physiologically acceptable salts or solvates thereof are integrin inhibitors and can be employed for combating thromboses, cardiac infarction, coronary heart disease, arteriosclerosis, inflammation, tumors. Osteoporosis, infections and restenosis after angioplasty or in pathological processes maintained or propagated by antiogenesis.

Abstract: The present invention results to an improved and environment friendly method of producing dimethyl phthalate of about 99% purity from naphthalene based chemicals, said method comprising steps of mixing phthalic anhydride with methanol in the ratio ranging between 2:3 to 3:2, adding catalyst(s) to the mixture wherein, the ratio of phthalic anhydride and the catalyst is ranging between 3:1 to 15:1, adding a promoter to the resultant of step (b) wherein, the promoter is in the range of 1.5 to 2.0% by weight of phthalic anhydride, refluxing the resulted mixture at a temperature ranging between 60 to 100° C., for time duration ranging between 6 to 12 hrs. in the presence of benzene, wherein the ratio of benzene to phthalic anhydride is in the range of 1:5 to 2:1 to obtain distillate, neutralizing the residue with about 10% caustic soda, extracting the neutralized residue with the benzene, distilling at the temperature ranging between 140 to 150° C. under 10 mm of mercury to obtain dimethyl phthalate.

Abstract: Liquid crystal monomers and secondary monomers useful to blend with liquid crystal monomers to maintain a nematic state under processing conditions while maintaining low cure shrinkage, particularly suitable for use in dental resin composites.

Abstract: This invention provides a plant growth regulatory activity of a new biologically active synthetic molecule methanone-(3?,4?,5?-trimethoxy) phenyl, 1-naphthyl, 2-O-4?-ethyl but-2?-enoate. More particularly, the invention relates to the potent plant growth promoting activity of a gallic acid derivative having a structure represented by Formula 1 and a molecular formulae C26H26O7. This invention also provides a novel process for preparation of said molecule from a naturally occurring compound and testing it for growth regulating activity using Bacopa test system developed at CIMAP (Khanuja et al.

Abstract: The invention relates to an acrylate monomer of Formula 1 Dtp-COO—(CH2)n—O—CO—CH?CH2 wherein Dtp is a diterpene group derived from a resin acid and n is a number from 2–4 as well as a process for the preparation thereof. The resin acid is in particular abietic acid or an isomer thereof. These monomers and the prepolymers and polymers derived therefrom can be used as biodegradable adhesives for materials such as metal, plastic, glass, paper and wood, in particular as construction adhesive.

Abstract: A polyfluoroalkyl ester of unsaturated carboxylic acid is produced in high yield in a more simple reactor and with much more reduction in the waste than the conventional process based on esterification reaction by subjecting a polyfluoroalkanol represented by the following general formula: Rf—R—OH where Rf is a polyfluoroalkyl group having 1–6 carbon atoms and R is an alkylene group having 1–6 carbon atoms, and an unsaturated carboxylic acid to dehydration reaction in a fluorine-containing solvent in the presence of an acid catalyst and a polymerization inhibitor.

Abstract: One aspect of the present invention relates to base-labile crosslinkers. A second aspect of the present invention relates to degradable crosslinked polymers and hydrogels comprising a base-labile crosslinker. The present invention also relates to a method of influencing the degradation rate of a crosslinked polymer or hydrogel, comprising the step of incorporating uncharged acrylamides into the crosslinked polymer or hydrogel.

Abstract: There is provided a method for preventing clogging in an apparatus for handling (meth)acrylic acid or esters thereof which is capable of inhibiting occurrence of clogging in nozzles or conduits connected to a gas-phase portion of the apparatus and ensuring a stable continuous operation of the apparatus for a long period of time. The method for preventing clogging in an apparatus for handling (meth)acrylic acid or esters thereof, comprises blowing a gas having a polymerization inhibiting action into a nozzle or conduit connected to a gas-phase portion of the apparatus, wherein said gas having a polymerization inhibiting action, which is blown into the nozzle or conduit, has a temperature not less than a temperature of the gas-phase portion.

Abstract: A photoresist composition is provided that includes a polymer having at least one acrylate or methacrylate monomer having a formula where R1 represents hydrogen (H), a linear or branched alkyl group of 1 to 20 carbons, or a semi- or perfluorinated linear or branched alkyl group of 1 to 20 carbons; and where R2 represents an unsubstituted aliphatic group or a substituted aliphatic group having zero or one trifluoromethyl (CF3) group attached to each carbon of the substituted aliphatic group, or a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group; and where R3 represents hydrogen (H), methyl (CH3), trifluoromethyl (CF3), difluoromethyl (CHF2), fluoromethyl (CH2F), or a semi- or perfluorinated aliphatic chain; and where R4 represents trifluoromethyl (CF3), difluoromethyl (CHF2), fluoromethyl (CH2F), or a semi- or perfluorinated substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic group. A method of patterning a substrate using the photoresist composition is also provided herein.

Abstract: This invention relates to control or removal of amounts of dissolved iron that may be present in liquid process streams in the manufacture of aromatic acids. The present invention further relates to the control or removal of dissolved iron contaminants present in liquid streams during the manufacture of a crude aromatic acid. The present invention also further relates to the control or removal of dissolved iron contaminants present in liquid streams during the purification of a crude aromatic acid. The present invention also further relates to controlling of decreasing the formation of iron oxides on the surfaces of equipment used during the manufacture of crude aromatic acid and/or purification of crude aromatic acid.

Abstract: The invention pertains to a process for the production of monochloroacetic acid from chlorine and acetic acid in the presence of a catalyst by reactive distillation. The process and the required reactive distillation apparatus is much less complex than conventional reactors and yields a monochloroacetic acid product having a low content of over-chlorinated products.

Abstract: A method of synthesizing a compound having the formula: comprising the step of: reacting a N-vinylformamide salt having the formula ?with a compound having the formula XR1R2; wherein X is Br, Cl or I, M is an alkali metal or an alkali earth metal, R1 is a C0–C25 alkylene group, a C0–C25 fluroalkylene group or a C0–C25 perfluoro alkylene group, R2 is H, provided R1 is not absent, an alkyl group, a fluroalkyl group, a perfluoroalkyl group, an aryl group, a hydroxy group, a polyether group, a heterocyclic group of 5 or 6 atoms wherein at least one of the atoms is not a carbon and is N, O, or S, —OR3, wherein, R3 is an alkyl group, a fluoroalkyl group, a perfluoroalkyl group, or an aryl group, —C(O)R4, —C(O)OR4, —OC(O)R4, —OC(O)R4, wherein R4 is an H, an alkyl group, a fluoroalkyl group, a perfluoroalkyl group, or an aryl group, a phthalimide group or NR5 R5 wherein R5 and R5 are independently H, —C(O)R4, an alkyl, a fluoroalkyl group, a perfluoroalkyl group or an aryl group.

Abstract: Perfluorodiacylperoxides having the following structures: wherein: when Rf is F, Rf?, Rf? are both —CF3; when Rf is —CF3, Rf?, Rf? are C1–C3 linear or branched perfluoro-oxyalkyl groups; said perfluorodiacylperoxides being such as to meet the following proviso: the thermal decomposition constants Kd (sec?1) in the presence of water do not undergo substantial variations with respect to the thermal decomposition constants in absence of water.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel compounds of Formula (I), to a process for their manufacture, to pharmaceutical compositions containing them, and to their use in therapy, in particular their use in the prophylaxis and treatment of respiratory diseases.

Abstract: A process for producing a producing a product of the formula: R—CF?CHR1 wherein R is F or CF3 and R1 is F when R is F and is H when R is CF3 by reacting a reactant of the formula: CF3—R2 wherein R2 is selected from and wherein R3 is H, F or Cl and R4 is H or Cl, in the presence of a suitable catalyst, with a reducing agent selected from methane, methyl chloride and mixtures thereof, in a gas phase reaction.

Abstract: Provided herein is a method and apparatus for selective deep catalytic cracking of petroleum naphthas or other hydrocarbon feedstocks. The feed comprising the hydrocarbons to be cracked and steam, in well-defined proportions, is first sent into a precatalytic zone (Zone I) of a cracking reactor, preferably a tubular reactor. In a preferred embodiment, Zone I, contains beads of some catalytically mildly active porous material such as quartz or quartz doped with Cr—Al, is set at a temperature T1. The gas steam flows then through a catalyst bed, called Zone II, where the catalytic reaction takes place. Zone II is set at temperature T2 and contains a zeolite type catalyst, preferably ZSM5 zeolite or, most preferably, a hybrid zeolite catalyst.

Abstract: Process for the production of olefins such as ethylene from a hydrocarbon such as ethane. The process involves passing a mixture of the hydrocarbon and an oxagen-containing gas through a catalyst zone which is capable of supporting combustion beyond the fuel rich limit of flammability to produce the olefin. The catalyst zone comprises at least a first catalyst bed and a second catalyst bed. The second catalyst bed is located downstream of the first catalyst bed, is of a different composition to the first catalyst bed and comprises at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Mo, W, and groups IB, IIB, IIIB, IVB, VB, VIIB and VIII of the Periodic Table. Suitably, the first catalyst bed comprises platinum and the second catalyst bed comprises tin- or copper-promoted nickel, cobalt or iridium catalyst or a copper-only catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention is a process for removal of carbon dioxide from a reactor effluent stream comprising water, carbon dioxide and olefin(s), where a portion of the carbon dioxide is removed in a quenching step with a quench medium and more carbon dioxide is removed by contacting the quenched effluent stream with an alkaline stream. A portion of the alkaline stream is added to the quench medium.

Abstract: Metal binding proteins, associated compositions and methods for their production and use are disclosed. The metal binding proteins include have amino acid sequences analogous to at least one metal binding protein, and conservative amino acid substitutions thereof from a brine shrimp (Artemia). Also provided are the associated nucleic acid sequences encoding metal binding proteins.

Abstract: A wound dressing bandage having an integral support and adhesive carrying body with a central absorbent dressing pad for positioning over a skin wound. The support and adhesive body member has a tough flexible resilient sheet defining a perimeter band about the dressing pad. An engagement tab extends beyond the perimeter for frangible release and removal of the release sheet during application.

Abstract: The present invention provides a non-human model animal of Goodpasture's syndrome that contributes to the treatment of Goodpasture's syndrome where the development of therapy had been delayed due to the lack of adequate disease models, a method for screening a remedy for Goodpasture's syndrome by using the model animal, and a method for diagnosing Goodpasture's syndrome at the early stage. A Goodpasture's syndrome model mouse is constructed by immunizing immunoglobulin Fc? receptor IIB knockout mouse with type IV collagen, thereby inducing Goodpasture's syndrome. Moreover, a remedy for Goodpasture's syndrome is screened by administration of test substances to the Goodpasture's syndrome model mouse, followed by evaluating the severity of the expression of Goodpasture's syndrome as an index, such as diffuse alveolar hemorrhage, glomerulonephritis, the appearance of antikidney glomerular basement membrane antibody, and the like.

Abstract: Site-specific recombinases provide a means of efficiently manipulating chromosomal sequences in mammalian cells in culture and in animals. Embryonic stem cells containing recombinase nucleic acid constructs that were expressed in the male germline simplify current protocols for producing mice bearing homologously recombined alleles that have been secondarily rearranged by a site-specific recombinase. In different ProCre strains, between 80% and 100% of the progeny that inherited a Cre target nucleic acid construct from males that were also heterozygous for a ProCre nucleic acid construct inherited the Cre-recombined target. ProCre nucleic acid constructs and recombined targets segregated in the first generation. When ES cells prepared from one ProCre line were transfected with vectors containing a loxP-flanked neomycin cassette, G418 resistant, homologously recombined clones, in which the loxP sites remained functional, were readily isolated.

Abstract: The present invention provides a non-human bone metastasis model animal in which tumor cells capable of inducing bone metastasis by peripheral administration have been introduced, and a method for producing the animal. The bone metastasis model animal in the present invention may be useful for understanding the biology of bone metastasis and developing novel therapeutic strategies for lung cancer patient with multi-organ metastases, including bone metastasis. The present invention also provides a method of screening an agent for inhibition and/or prevention of bone metastasis of tumor cells using the non-human bone metastasis model animal.

Abstract: A transgenic mouse transformed with a DNA encoding a mutant human tau protein, wherein the mouse exhibits neurofibrillary tangles in its brain. The transgenic mouse is useful for the development of the agent for treating neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease.

Abstract: The present invention relates to transgenic animal models for altered Wnt expression. The present invention also provides methods for generating animal models and screening methods for identifying biologically active compounds.

Abstract: Isolated nucleic acid molecules are provided which encode Fkhsf, as well as mutant forms thereof. Also provided are expression vectors suitable for expressing such nucleic acid molecules, and host cells containing such expression vectors. Utilizing assays based upon the nucleic acid sequences disclosed herein (as well as mutant forms thereof), numerous molecules may be identified which modulate the immune system.

Abstract: Four zebrafish gene promoters, which are skin specific, muscle specific, skeletal muscle specific and ubiquitously expressed, respectively, were isolated and ligated to the 5? end of the EGFP gene. When the resulting chimeric gene constructs were introduced into zebrafish, the transgenic zebrafish emit green fluorescence under a blue light or ultra-violet light according to the specificity of the promoters used. Thus, new varieties of ornamental fish of different fluorescence patters, e.g., skin fluorescence, muscle fluorescence, skeletal muscle-specific and/or ubiquitous fluorescence, are developed.

Abstract: Plants are disclosed that contain a mutation in a delta-12 or delta-15 fatty acid desaturase gene. Preferred plants are rapeseed and sunflower plants. Plants carrying such mutant genes have altered fatty acid composition in seeds. In one embodiment, a plant contains a mutation in a region having the conserved motif His-Xaa-Xaa-His, found in delta-12 and delta-15 fatty acid desaturases. A preferred motif has the sequence His-Glu-Cys-Gly-His. A preferred mutation in this motif has the amino acid sequence His-Lys-Cys-Gly-His. Nucleic acid fragments are disclosed that comprise a sequence of at least 20 nucleotides from a mutant delta-12 or delta-15 fatty acid desaturase gene.