Abstract: A recording interruption-controlling section interrupts recording if vibration is detected in order to complete proper recording by making it possible to interrupt and restart recording in cases where proper recording is difficult to continue because of vibration or the like. A recording quality-confirming section reproduce a recording signal after the recording has been interrupted and detects a recording location at which degradation in recording quality occurs. A CD-ROM encoder or a CD encoder re-encodes data held in a buffer, and recording is restarted from the location at which degradation in recording quality occurs under the control of a recording restart-controlling section.

Abstract: A write pulse generating apparatus includes a control unit which provides information on an optical recording medium type and information on a recording speed factor, and a control signal generating unit which determines a multi-pulse type which is to be generated in a multi-pulse interval based on the information recording medium type and recording speed factor. The generating unit generates a signal for controlling the light emitting device driving unit to generate a write pulse having the determined multi-pulse type. A control unit sets the level of the write pulse for up to an entire interval of a write mark and/or a write space according to the optical recording medium type and the recording speed factor.

Abstract: Creation and detection of synchronization marks for a multilevel data storage medium is disclosed. A sequence of symbols is generated and the sequence of symbols is written to the multilevel data storage medium. A corresponding sequence may be generated by a detector and correlated with read data to detect the synchronization mark.

Abstract: An optical pickup includes a light source which emits first and second lights having different wavelengths for a first recording medium and a second recording medium having a relatively large thickness, respectively, an optical path changer which alters a traveling path of incident light, and an objective lens which focuses the first and second lights on the recording medium. While the light source emits the first light, a photodetector is adjusted to be aligned with the optical axis for the first recording medium. The light source and/or a sensing lens are adjusted in the direction of the optical axis, and the tilt of the objective lens is adjusted. Next, while the light source is operated to emit the second light, the light source is adjusted in a rotating direction. As such, an optical axis alignment is completed for the first and second recording media.

Abstract: An optical device used for converging a light beam on a signal recording surface of an optical disc includes an optical lens for converging the light beam on a signal recording surface of the optical disc and a light barrier portion provided on a surface of the optical lens facing the optical disc. The light barrier portion includes a light transmitting aperture through which is transmitted the light beam converged by the optical lens. The light beam illuminated on the optical disc has its diameter controlled by this light transmitting aperture. The light radiated by a light source so as to be incident to the optical device is converged by the optical lens. The light converged by the optical lens is transmitted through the light transmitting aperture and illuminated on the signal recording surface of the optical disc.

Abstract: An optical disk and a method of recording data in the optical disk are provided. When data is overwritten on a recordable and/or reproducible optical disk, the method includes performing linking in front of a physical cluster from which overwriting starts. According to the method, when overwriting is performed on a portion of an optical disk in which data has been recorded, or when overwriting is performed on a portion including a defective area, linking is performed in front of the portion on which the overwriting is performed or behind the defective area, thereby realizing reliable data recording and reproducing.

Abstract: To address the need for reducing pilot overhead, a method and apparatus for transmitting and receiving data is provided herein. A communication system having a transmitter (100) that utilizes adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) and utilizes lower-order modulated (e.g., QPSK) data as a substitute for pilot symbols during transmission. Data intended for a user utilizing a lower order modulation can be reliably detected, and if properly processed, used as pilots for a user that is trying to receive a higher order modulation (e.g., 64-QAM). Because lower order modulated data is utilized for pilots, fewer overall pilots are used. This greatly reduces pilot overhead, increasing data throughput.

Abstract: A mobile station, and corresponding system and method, the mobile station including an IQ multiplexer configured to IQ multiplex transmission data for a data channel and a control data for control channel, and to generate a complex signal; and a transmitter configured to modulate the complex signal generated by the IQ multiplexer, and to transmit the modulated complex signal. When control data for a channel are added, the IQ multiplexer is further configured to assign the control data to be added to the I axis or the Q axis according to whether a set number for the data channel is an odd number or an even number.

Abstract: A redundant link management switch for use in a stack of switches forming a closed-loop link topology, including a stacking module, a processor and a management module. The stacking module has an uplink port for connecting a next-higher switch in the stack and a downlink port for connecting a next-lower switch in the stack. The processor instructs the stacking module to disable a downlink control bus within the downlink port when receiving a disconnect command, and instructs the stacking module to enable the downlink control bus when receiving a reconnect command. The management module asserts the disconnect command if a link status, received from the processor, indicates that the redundant link management switch and the stack of switches are stacked into the closed-loop link topology. Additionally, the management module asserts the reconnect command to recover a redundant link if the management module detects that the closed-loop link topology is changed.

Abstract: A method for moving permanent virtual circuits in an ATM network with minimal downtime includes creating a list of the permanent virtual circuits to be moved; building a set of shadow permanent virtual circuits using the new ATM port and a temporary set of virtual path identifier and virtual circuit identifier pairs; moving a physical connection from the original ATM port to the new ATM port; deleting the permanent virtual circuits on the original ATM port; and changing the shadow permanent virtual circuits to use the original virtual path identifier and virtual circuit identifier pairs.

Abstract: A trunk in a network file server includes at least two communications ports. The trunk is created by combining the communications ports into a single virtual device and assigning ownership of the communications ports to the virtual device. A failsafe network device including at least two trunks, with each trunk coupled to different switches can be created by creating a third virtual device. Ownership of a first virtual device including communication ports coupled to a first switch and a second virtual device including communication ports coupled to a second switch is assigned to the third virtual device.

Abstract: The present invention provides a system and method for slot deflection routing of optical data packets. The method of the present invention includes the steps of establishing a schedule pattern that includes a plurality of time slots. The schedule pattern includes at least one time slot in which an ingress edge unit can communicate with a destination egress edge unit, at least one time slot in which the ingress edge unit can communicate with a intermediate edge unit, and at least one time slot in which the intermediate edge unit can communicate with the destination egress edge unit. The present invention also includes receiving a data packet at the ingress edge unit and determining if the schedule pattern allocates sufficient bandwidth to send the data packet from the ingress edge unit to the destination egress edge unit without deflecting the data packet through an intermediate edge unit.

Abstract: A method and system for detecting and controlling congestion in a multi-port shared memory switch in a communications network. The proposed congestion management scheme implements a local and a global congestion monitoring process. The local monitoring process monitors the queue depth. When the queue depth for any queue exceeds a queue length threshold a congestion control mechanism is implemented to limit incoming data traffic destined for that queue. Additionally, the global congestion monitoring process monitors the shared memory buffer and if the traffic thereto exceeds a shared memory buffer threshold a congestion control mechanism limits incoming traffic destined for any output queue which has been exceeding a fair share threshold value.

Abstract: A method for avoiding out-of-ordering of frames in a network, wherein the method includes the steps of providing at least one first type of queue in a network switch, providing at least one second type of queue in a network switch, and receiving an incoming packet. The method further includes first storing the incoming packet in the at least one first type of queue if the packet is from a first source, second storing the incoming packet in the at least one second type of queue if the packet is from a second source, and sending the incoming packet to a desired destination. Additionally, a method for avoiding out-of-ordering of frames in a network including the steps of receiving an incoming packet at a network switch, determining if the incoming packet is from a high speed source, first storing the incoming packet in a first type of queue, if the incoming packet is from said high speed source, and second storing the incoming packet in a second type of queue, if the incoming packet is from a lower speed source.

Abstract: The utilization of an overflow link is envisioned within a communication network to increase bandwidth. In order to increase bandwidth when necessary, an alternate overflow network is utilized to transfer data between a local data center and an individual receiving location. In this process, a portion of the data packets are transmitted to a different receiving location with available bandwidth. The packets are then transmitted from this location to the original requesting location via a shared communications link between the two receiving locations, thus increasing the bandwidth between the local center and the individual receiving location until the additional demand is met.

Abstract: An arrangement where a policy manager automatically generates configuration file updates for the routers in the network, as necessary, sends those updates to the appropriate routers, and causes the routers to install the configuration file updates in real-time. The automatic generation of configuration file updates is carried out in response to information that is delivered to the policy manager from a traffic measurement and flow analysis system that replaces the prior art analyzer system. The information that is generated by the traffic measurement and flow analysis system is sensitive to thresholds that the policy manager installs in the traffic measurement and flow analysis system.

Abstract: A method for managing system resources in a network system in which a digital interface is used for connection is provided. The method for managing system resources required for communication between a source device and a sink device includes the steps of (a) initially allocating system resources presently required to the source device, (b) monitoring the format of the output bit stream of the source device in a state in which communication between the two devices is maintained, (c) allocating additional system resources to the source device or releasing redundant system resources from the source device, under the lead of the source device when it is determined as a result of monitoring that the requirements for system resources have changed, and (d) detecting final system resources and releasing the detected system resources when communication between two devices is terminated.

Abstract: The invention proposes a switching arrangement for transporting data packets which comprise a data packet destination information and a payload, to one or more output ports. The switching device is able to route the arriving data packets according to the data packet destination information, to at least one dedicated of the output ports. It comprises at each input port an input buffer with at least as many single input queues as there are output ports, and an input controller for each input port, serving for controlling the order of multiplexing the data packets from the input queues of the corresponding input buffer to the switching device. The total of input ports is divided up into several subsets of input ports. Each subset in the switching device has its separate output buffer for storing at addresses therein at least the payload of each data packet arriving at the input port. At least one set of as many output queues as the switching arrangement has output ports are arranged.

Abstract: A method of controlling a number of sessions established on a communication network is provided. In the method, at least a first data packet transmitted on the communication network is input, and a new session corresponding to the at least the first data packet is determined. The new session is requested by at least a first user who has an account authorizing the establishment of sessions on the communication network. Also, the method determines if a creation of the new session would exceed a permitted usage of the communication network, and the permitted usage corresponds to the account. If the creation of the new session would exceed the permitted usage, the creation of the new session is prevented. On the other hand, if the creation of the new session would not exceed the permitted usage, the creation of the new session is allowed. Also, a system that performs the method and a software program that instructs the system to perform the method are also provided.

Abstract: A short message service (SMS) flood control routing node includes an SMS flood control module that receives short message service messages, determines the presence of short message service flooding, and takes appropriate action, such as discarding short message service messages that result in flooding. The presence of short message service message flooding may be determined by maintaining a count of short message service messages addressed to a particular called party within a time period. If the count exceeds a threshold, the short message service message that caused the count to exceed the threshold may be discarded. The routing node may generate a message the originator of a short message service message flood and/or to an enforcement agency.

Abstract: A communication device (300) operates in a training mode to develop parameters based on estimates related to at least two different instances of channel conditions, such as indicated by bit error rates for channel transmissions (610, 620, 710, 720). The parameters are used to define a function that characterizes an optimized throughput or energy consumption per bit through varying channel conditions. The function is preferably of the form a0+a1*Log(1+Lp), where a0 and a1 are fitted parameters, and Lp the frame size. The device responds to changes in channel conditions by transmitting messages on the communication channel using a frame size adapted for channel conditions based on the particular function and the developed parameters (640–680, 740–780).

Abstract: The Fibre-Channel flow control mechanism is augmented to facilitate efficient data exchange between Fibre-Channel ports over extended distances. A supplemental buffer mechanism may be maintained as part of an interface to a transport network used to carry Fibre-Channel traffic. The transport network interface makes a remote Fibre-Channel port aware of the augmented local receiver buffer capacity by intercepting certain frames used in link establishment and substituting an enhanced buffer capacity for the local Fibre-Channel port's internal buffer capacity. This technique provides improved throughput and readily accommodates large distances and large frame sizes.

Abstract: A method for eliminating loops in a communication network in which the nodes operate as virtual bridges, having virtual ports that link the virtual bridges over virtual connections, each of the virtual connections coinciding respectively with one or more segments of the network. Respective port costs are assigned to the virtual ports responsive to a count of the network segments with which the respective virtual connections coincide, so as to favor virtual paths between pairs of the nodes that are made up of a greater number of the virtual connections, relative to the virtual paths that are made up of a lesser number of the virtual connections. Respective path costs are computed for the virtual paths, based on the port costs, and the virtual connections over which to send traffic between the virtual bridges are selected responsive to the path costs.

Abstract: A method for testing a network load in which a transmission at an own apparatus side is not stopped based on a reception completion at a mating apparatus side, and a transmission at the own apparatus side is stopped based on the reception completion at the own apparatus side itself is provided. Thus, an inter-task communication for synchronizing the apparatuses with each other is not required, and it is possible to decrease a time required for the inter-task communication during a test cycle. Accordingly, since a test cycle is shortened, and transmission time and reception time of test data in the test cycle relatively prolonged, it is possible to increase data transfer per unit time and provide a large load to a network.

Abstract: Embodiments include a system and method for solving a wireless communications channel packing problem by using a cost-like accounting metric that includes channel packing efficiency as well as modulation efficiency, channel conditions and or noise thresholds. The cost-like accounting metric is used to adjust the rated effectiveness of using each available modulation scheme where modulation schemes in adjacent spectrum will produce differing degrees of packing efficiency. By selecting those available carrier wave modulation schemes based on channel conditions versus noise threshold and accounting for packing factor as well as modulation efficiency, some embodiments the invention achieve higher quality within the framework of creating the greatest overall channel efficiency by selecting the best modulation scheme for each part of the spectrum being used.

Abstract: A method of determining a routing for packets in a network, the method comprising a) dividing the network into WAN (Wide Area Network) segments and LAN (Local Area Network) segments; b) determining a routing for packets through each segment; combining routing results obtained in step b) to obtain a total routing through the network.

Abstract: An apparatus and method that extend the automatic protection switching protocol to address at least 256 network nodes. By using overhead bytes as extended APS node IDs, large single ring SONET/SDH systems can be avoided. This means APS messages that force every node into a single ring can be avoided and recovery performance from a break in the ring or a node fault can be improved. The protocol for the extended automatic protection switching channels takes multiple extended APS node IDs from tributary lines and merges those extended APS ID's into a single SONET/SDH stream on another line. Placement of the extended APS node ID's in the overhead bytes of SONET/SDH frames allows easy relay around each SONET/SDH ring.

Abstract: Determining gain factors for a sequential multiplicity of audio sample packets by first determining a comparison peak value for a present such packet by multiplying a highest sample value by a previously predetermined gain factor, determining a hysteretic peak value for the present peak from the comparison peak value and a hysteretic peak value from a previously processed packet and determining a gain factor for use with subsequent packets.

Abstract: A distributed conferencing system having a plurality of conferencing nodes to connect groups of participants to a conference. Each of the conferencing nodes provides for the connection of one or more participants to the conference. Each node includes a DSP for distributed signal processing. The node DSP includes: A signal measuring device for measuring features of the signals from each of the participants, such as power, zero crossing rate and short term energy and voice activity determination and feature extraction from the signals of the participants connected to each node. Each node has a single core speaker tracking algorithm for determining the relative features of each of the number of participant input signals. The speaker tracking compares the characteristics of the speakers of the core and determines which speakers are to be included and which speakers are to be excluded from presentation to the other nodes in the conference.

Abstract: A mobile terminal system transmits a request message to a delivering source system. The request message specifies resources to be delivered, and a relay system for receiving the resources. The delivering source system delivers the specified resources to the specified relay system according to the request message. The relay system holds the resources. The mobile terminal system is connected to the relay system, and receives the resources from the relay system.

Abstract: An antenna 20 receives signals orthogonal to each other transmitted from different antennas of a base station, and a despreader 202 and a spreader 203 despread the respective received signals using the same spreading code used in the base station, a demodulator 204 and a demodulator 205 demodulate the despread signals, a reception power measuring section 207 and a reception power measuring section 208 measure reception power from the demodulation results, a reception power combiner 209 combines measured reception power, and a transmission power controller 212 controls transmission power based on combined reception power. This makes it possible to perform open loop transmission power control at high speed and with high accuracy even when a fading variation is small.

Abstract: A cable modem communicates the timing of the arrival of certain packets (such as TCP ACK packets) to a cable modem termination system. This timing feature is useful in methods for increasing the throughput in the downstream direction by eliminating TCP ACKs backing up at a cable modem. In particular, a cable modem termination system implementing an unsolicited bandwidth grant service in which unsolicited grants of bandwidth are sent by the cable modem termination system to the cable modem. The grants of bandwidth are timed to arrive at the cable modem simultaneous with or shortly after the arrival of the TCP ACK from an end station connected to the cable modem. Several methods of calculating or predicting when the unsolicited grants should be sent to the cable modem are described. The method is also applicable to other types of packets, such as voice packets from a end station implementing a Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) application.

Abstract: Satellite communications are carried out using the Data Over Cable Interface Specification (DOCSIS). Satellite modems are notified of upstream channel congestion by inserting a congestion notification message in a medium access protocol (MAP) message for the upstream channel. Specifically, the congestion notification message is inserted in an unused field of the MAP message, such as the explicit congestion notification (ECN) field. The MAP message can also carry other characteristics of the upstream channel, including priority threshold, multicast access burst availability, and available bandwidth.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a link control automatic repeat request (ARQ) operation in a wireless communication environment. When a terminal sends an original request for communication resources, the request includes not only payload size, but preferably quality of service parameters associated with the data to be transmitted. During uplink communications, the base station performs the link control based ARQ for lost or corrupt packets. When lost or corrupt packets are identified, a link control entity at the base station determines the appropriate retransmission parameters and contacts the uplink scheduler, if necessary, to obtain the corresponding communication resources for retransmission. The additional communication resources for retransmission are provided in a message, such as a negative acknowledgement message, which is sent to the mobile terminal to trigger retransmission of the lost or corrupted data.

Abstract: A method for carrying out an idle handoff from a macrocell to a microcell (picocell) in a hierarchical cell structure includes the steps of: a) allocating different frequency assignments (FA) to the macrocell and the microcell in a same service band, to construct the hierarchical cell structure; b) transmitting cell structure information of neighboring base stations and pseudo noise (PN) code from base station to mobile station; c) checking whether the mobile station is in the hierarchical cell by using the cell structure information of neighboring base station; and d) checking whether a value of the pseudo noise (PN) code is greater than T_ADD and greater than Ec/Io of the macrocell by periodically searching the pseudo noise (PN) code of the microcell, to carry out an idle handoff to the microcell, wherein the T_ADD represents a value of base station pilot strength required for the base station of neighboring set to be included in a candidate set, the Ec represents an pilot energy accumulated during one pseu

Abstract: Quality-of-service for different communication services that share a common physical link (such as at least one code division multiplexing code) is provided. Outer power loop control serves to maintain quality-of-service for a selected one of the communication services that has, in a preferred embodiment, a highest relative requirement for quality-of-service. Rate matching parameters are then selected independent of transmission energy factors to ensure that the remaining communication services abide by their corresponding quality-of-service requirements.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus and method for creating a wireless communication bridge. In one embodiment, the method includes identifying a first group of information handling systems that can establish a wireless connection with a network, selecting a first information handling system from the first group of information handling systems, establishing a first connection with the first information handling system, establishing a second connection between the first information handling system and the network, and communicating with the network via the first and second connections. In one embodiment, the first group of information handling systems is ranked according to a group of communication-related parameters, and the first information handling system is selected based on the group of communication-related parameters.

Abstract: A communication station includes an antenna system having multiple antennas and delay units for receiving a transmitted signal and outputting a combined signal having a known distortion imparted by the antenna system. The combined signal is in turn processed by a modem, which compensates for the known distortion in a manner which provides improved signal gain. The improved signal gain permits a reduction in transmit power and, accordingly, increased capacity of the communication station. Where the antenna system is to be remotely located from related signal processing equipment, separate units for the RF receiver/transmitter and the other signal processing equipment are provided so that the RF receiver/transmitter may also be remotely located along with the antenna system.

Abstract: A user equipment which receives a CDMA communication signal that is wirelessly transmitted includes a system for correcting phase errors in an information signal which has been transmitted. The correction system comprises circuitry for generating a correction signal and for combining the correction signal with the information signal to produce a corrected information signal. An analyzer analyzes the phase of the corrected information signal and generates an error signal based on the deviation of the analyzed phase from a reference phase. A bandwidth controller recursively adjusts the phase of the corrected information signal such that the phase of said corrected information signal is substantially equal to said reference phase. The bandwidth controller selects a bandwidth within an adjustable range based on the error signal, estimates an offset based on the error signal, and modifies the correction signal using the offset.

Abstract: An improved method for packet transmission scheduling and an improved packet transmission scheduling system in mobile telecommunication systems. Both the improved method and the system especially adapted to be used for UMTS systems.

Abstract: Method for transmitting data on a packet data channel, where the packet data channel is formed by sequential radio bursts in certain time slots in a certain sequence of radio frames, data is transmitted in data blocks, a packet data channel is used by a number of packet data connections and an identifier in each data block is used to indicate the connection to which the data block is related. Furthermore, the number of radio bursts, using which a data block is transmitted, is selected from a certain set of values, which set contains at least two values. A mobile station, an arrangement and a network element are also presented.

Abstract: In a method for improving the transmission efficiency in a communication system with a layered protocol stack, data packets are processed on an upper protocol layer. Data packets are forwarded to a lower protocol layer for transmission and the transmission is performed with variable channel access delays. The upper protocol layer is notified by the lower protocol layer when a transmission is started to allow a synchronization of timers in the upper protocol layer. If a layer performs a scheduling of data packets for the transmission, a rescheduling is performed alternatively or in addition during a channel access delay. Devices and software programs embodying the invention are also described.

Abstract: Telephone calls, data and other multimedia information is routed through a hybrid network which includes transfer of information across the internet utilizing telephony routing information and internet protocol address information. A media order entry captures complete user profile information for a user. This profile information is utilized by the system throughout the media experience for routing, billing, monitoring, reporting and other media control functions. Users can manage more aspects of a network than previously possible, and control network activities from a central site. A directory service that supports a hybrid communication system architecture is provided for routing traffic over the hybrid network and the internet and selecting a network proximal to the origination of the call.

Abstract: A method for routing calls in a packet-based network includes receiving a call request at a first call manager from a device that is coupled to the packet-based network. The call request includes a telephone number associated with a plurality of telephony devices that are coupled to the packet-based network and that are controlled by a number of call managers. The method also includes determining a line control process associated with the telephone number that is included in the call request and communicating the call request to the line control process. The method further includes determining a device process controlling each telephony device that is associated with the telephone number included in the call request and communicating the call request from the line control process to the device processes.

Abstract: A system and method for providing packet-switched telephony service. The system provides call control, signaling, and/or delivery of voice, video, and other media in substantially real time. One embodiment of the system includes a call client application on a user device, and a call server located at a packet-switched telephony service provider. The call server is preferably operable to communicate with the call client in a non-native protocol and with the gateway in a native protocol.

Abstract: By adopting a method of requesting a band for each plurality of calls, or a method of requesting a band independently of origination or termination of a call, a method of reducing the frequency of origination of a call is provided. A first aspect may provide that a gate keeper requests security and release of a band not every call, but collectively for a plurality of calls, and the security and the release of a band are requested at frequency less than that of origination or termination of calls. A second aspect may provide that an estimated value of a time series change in necessary band is previously set in a gate keeper, and security and release of a band required for communication are requested depending on a time, but independently of origination and termination of a call.

Abstract: A method for transferring data from a first switch to a second switch selectively by line-switching or by packet-switching as well as to a switch for carrying out the method. Data packets are thereby first transferred packet-switched through a packet-switching network to the second switch. With the presence of a corresponding control signal a line-switching connection is established from the first switch to the second switch and the data are then transferred through this connection. Where applicable a renewed change over to a packet-switching transfer is carried out. A flexible packet-switching or line-switching data transfer linked with dynamic costs between the junctions of a telecommunications network is enabled.

Abstract: A bus architecture system to provide concurrency, fabricated on an integrated circuit for a system on chip design, for connecting a plurality of bus masters to a plurality of bus slaves. The system includes a plurality of multiplexers in communication with each data in port of each bus master and each bus slave. The system also includes a plurality of isolated data paths connecting the port out of each bus master to each multiplexer in communication with each data in port of each bus slave, and a plurality of isolated data paths connecting the port out of each bus slave to each multiplexer in communication with each data in port of each bus master, thereby providing concurrency on the system on chip design. In addition a distributed arbitration is included to allow each bus slave to be selected independently of the other bus slaves.

Abstract: A switch queue predictive protocol (SQPP) includes a packet switching system including: a switch fabric having a cross-point switch, and a plurality of line cards, each coupled to the switch fabric. A cross-point buffer is located at each cross-point of the cross-point switch. The switch fabric also includes a plurality of actual available queue space tables (AAQSTs), each identifying the actual queue space available in a row of the cross-point buffers. Each of the line cards includes an input buffer, an output buffer, and a predicted available queue space table (PAQST) identifying predicted queue space available in a corresponding row of the cross-point buffers. Packet information is transmitted from a source line card to the switch fabric only if available queue space is predicted by the corresponding PAQST. The switch fabric uses the AAQST to update the PAQST after packet information is transmitted to a destination line card.

Abstract: Call queuing is implemented in a telecommunications advanced intelligent network. A determination is made that the call has been queued for a determined amount of time. The caller is requested to perform an action to remain in a queue. If the caller does not perform the requested action, the call is dequeued.