Abstract: The disclosure relates to a method for establishing a communication link between a first communication terminal and a second communication terminal. According to the inventive method, the communication link is achieved by means of interconnected network elements, selected network elements being authorized to trigger releasing of the communication link.

Abstract: Providing a quality of service for a mobile node includes facilitating a communication session for the mobile node. A quality of service decision factor of a context of the communication session is established. A quality of service associated with the quality of service decision factor is identified. Whether to provide the quality of service to the mobile node for the context is determined.

Abstract: A new system for creating and updating a secure community of devices in digital networks is disclosed. A device adapted to belong to a community of networked devices contains; a provable identity and/or means for generating and/or obtaining a provable identity; means adapted to store information about devices of the community having trust relationships with the device; means adapted to store information about devices not trusted by this device; and means for trust relationships synchronization.

Abstract: Methods, systems, processing units, and signals for transferring data of various data types across a common data path interface are disclosed. A representative method for transferring data between a master processing unit and at least a first slave processing unit via a common data path interface, the master processing unit and the at least first slave processing unit are configured to process a plurality of non-Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) data types, includes: receiving the data; generating an ATM cell in an ATM cell format determined from a plurality of ATM cell formats; transferring the ATM cell across the common data path interface to an appropriate processing unit; and processing the ATM cell upon receiving it from the common data path interface.

Abstract: One embodiment relates to a method of a single network device outside of a group of switches connecting via multiple connections to the group of switches. Multiple ports of the single network device are connected with ports of at least one switch within the group, and the connected ports on the at least one switch are mapped to different virtual local area networks configured in the group of switches. A path from each of the connected ports on the at least one switch are replicated through the group of switches. Other embodiments are also disclosed.

Abstract: A system for delivering streamed content over a large digital network such as the Internet. Distributed functionality executes on nodes in the network to achieve functions such as assigning partner nodes for transfer of content to or from a target node, scheduling transfer operations among nodes, adding or removing nodes from the network, maintaining security, and other operations. Different embodiments may use one or more of the functional features. In a preferred embodiment, video content is segmented and streamed through multi-path routing. An overlay network uses nodes in partnership groups so that a target node can obtain segments from multiple sources. Partner nodes can provide the segments within a given time window, including simultaneous delivery from multiple partner nodes, so that a more reliable data stream is supported.

Abstract: A method of routing data from a source node to a destination node in a multi-hop network of nodes interconnected by links comprises: (a) determining that a link-flow vector satisfies one or more necessary scheduling conditions for achievability, wherein the link-flow vector represents a set of flows to be routed on one or more links from the source node to the destination node; (b) generating a scheduling multi-graph for the network, wherein the scheduling multi-graph comprises a graph having at least one pair of nodes with multiple edges therebetween; (c) deriving one or more sufficient scheduling conditions for achievability of the link-flow vector by edge-coloring the scheduling multi-graph; (d) solving a linear optimization problem over the one or more necessary scheduling conditions to obtain an upper bound on the achievability of the link-flow vector; (e) generating, based on the scheduling multi-graph, a solution comprising a set of routes and an associated schedule for achieving the link-flow vector,

Abstract: The invention relates to a device and a method, data acquisition device consisting of a wireless network comprising a first assembly of nodes, termed active nodes (100) of the network, and a second assembly of nodes, termed peripheral nodes (110) of the network, network for which one wishes to perform an access from peripheral nodes (110) to the network of active nodes (100), characterized in that it comprises means for organizing in a perfectly controlled manner a routing of the data and/or commands within the network of active nodes (100) according to a first mode of transmission of data and/or of commands, and means for transmitting data between the peripheral nodes (110) and the active nodes (100) according to a second mode of transmission of data, said first mode of transmission of data and/or of commands and said second mode of transmission of data being temporally separated.

Abstract: A system and method for supporting mobile Internet communication is provided which employs a plurality of Routers and a plurality of Mobile Nodes (MNs). Each Router has a unique communication address. Each MN is associated with a home Router. Each Router has an associated Mobile Node Location List identifying each MN for which the Router is the home Router and the communication address of a Router corresponding to a current location of each such MN. Each MN is movable from an old location where the MN communicates with the Internet via one Router to a current location where the MN communicates with the Internet via a different Router. Communication at the current location via the different Router is established by communicating to the MN's home Router the communication address of the different Router as the communication address corresponding to the MN's current location.

Abstract: A portable communications device (2) and method is disclosed wherein data can be transferred between the portable communications device (2) and another portable communications device (4) through a first network (12) using a first network address. It is determined whether a condition related to the operation of the portable communications device (2) is above a minimum requirement, e.g. battery charge. Information is collected that is required for resuming the data transfer through an second network (14) using a second network address different from the first network address. The data transfer is allowed through the first network (12) if the condition is satisfied and delayed if the condition is not satisfied. If it is delayed the data transfer may be resumed later through the second network (14), e.g. via a synchronization interface and a host computer.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a home network system using a living network control protocol. The home network system includes: at least one electric device; first and second networks based on a predetermined living network control protocol (LnCP); an LnCP access device connected to the electric device through the second network; and a network manager connected to the LnCP access device through the first network, for controlling and monitoring the electric device.

Abstract: Data are transmitted in a data network modelled by layers that include a transport layer, a plurality of upper layers above the transport layer and a plurality of lower layers below the transport layer, where the transport layer contains data from the upper layers.

Abstract: The present invention provides a Cable Gateway for interfacing packet cable networks with Internet Protocol (IP) Multimedia Subsystems (IMS). The Cable Gateway includes an Embedded Multimedia Terminal Adaptor (E-MTA) Normalization function that includes translation software that normalizes E-MTA interfaces to appear to IMS as SIP user equipment and performs initialization, call signaling, registration, authentication and security. The Cable Gateway also includes a CMSS/Mw Normalization function that interworks calls going between the IMS and a Remote CMS and a Gate Controller function that implements signaling interfaces to a CMTS and allows the E-MTA Normalization function and the CMSS/Mw Normalization function to interact with the CMTS and normalizes call-flow protocols.

Abstract: A wireless access point may be configured to advertise, to mobile user devices, multiple wireless networks available through the wireless access point. For example, service set identifiers (SSIDs) may be specified within an information element (IE) of a communication such as, for example, an 802.11 beacon, broadcasted to mobile user devices. Such an IE may utilize the capability provided by IEEE 802.11 itself to use additional and flexible numbers of information elements within a beacon. Accordingly, networks that would otherwise remain hidden due to limitations of known wireless access points are made visible to mobile user devices. Configuring a wireless access point to advertise multiple available wireless networks, for example, by firmware upgrades, may serve as a viable and cost-effective interim solution and/or alternative to replacing a wireless access point with a wireless access point configured to implement virtual wireless access points.

Abstract: A method and system for remotely managing a bridge device, such as a modem, are disclosed. Management traffic from a service provider can be communicated to a bridge device which lacks a public IP address by sending the management traffic through the bridge device to a router of a LAN. The router then sends the management traffic back to the bridge device. Thus, the service provider can perform management tasks such as troubleshooting, health monitoring, accounting, provisioning, security and firmware upgrades in a manner that is transparent to the user.

Abstract: Systems and methods for sending secure reliable point to multi-point communication on any communication infrastructure. The infrastructure is not required to conform to any specifications of this inventions other that be capable point to point communications. The system consists of a protocol that allows for Secure Reliable point to multi-point communications irregardless of the support for such communications. This invention does not rely on the Internet or ATM or any other point to point or point to multi-point communications infrastructure.

Abstract: The present invention relates to network security systems and, more particularly, to a method and apparatus for maintaining a TCP connection when the payload data of a TCP segment transmitted from source to destination is modified. The present invention allows the payload data of a TCP segment to be modified and, specifically, changed in length by an intermediate device during a TCP connection between any two hosts while adhering to the semantics of the TCP protocol so that the TCP connection may be maintained.

Abstract: A bus architecture has a central processing unit, a data line and bus users. The central processing unit and the bus users are connected to the data line via a bus interface. The data line is constructed as a ring and the central processing unit has two transceiver units which can be switched between transmit and receive modes. The central processing unit provides a clocked emission of data intended for the bus users. The bus users are successively connected to the data line, and each contains a monitoring unit, which is connected to the associated bus interface and is configured for activating a transmit activity of the bus interface only after receiving a synchronization message, and otherwise blocks this activity. In a method for exchanging data with such a bus architecture, a high fault tolerance, particularly when the data line is cut through, and error locating capability are achieved.

Abstract: The present invention provides systems and methods wherein communication link redundancy may be provided which is optimized to the primary links. Specifically, a redundant link portion of a communication system may be deployed to provide redundant links for a primary link portion of the communication system having substantially greater information communication capacity. However, through the use of isolation of portions of the primary link capacity, such as through the preferred embodiment sectors, sufficient redundant link capacity may be maintained economically. According to a preferred embodiment, a single redundant sector may be coextensive with a plurality of primary sectors and, thus, be relied upon for providing redundant links for any such primary sector. Preferred embodiments allow for the subsectoring of primary sectors while maintaining the configuration of a redundant sector corresponding thereto.

Abstract: A method and system for automatically generating a route distinguisher for a virtual private network are disclosed. The method includes receiving a virtual private network name and rejecting the virtual private network name if the name comprises a number of bytes greater than a predefined limit. If the virtual private network name is less than the predefined limit, an algorithm is applied to automatically convert the virtual private network name to a route distinguisher for the virtual private network.

Abstract: The invention relates to a switch or router (10) connected to and centrally situated adjacent to a voice over Internet protocol box (22) in a premise connected in a broadband network standard. It comprises an interface (14) to a category infrastructure for distribution of data to flats and offices in premises. The category infrastructure (12, 16) comprises four twisted wire pairs to every flat and office, whereby two pairs are utilized by the broadband standard. Voice over Internet is connected through a first cable interface (50) with multiple connections, and a second cable interface (60) connected and wired together in a registered jack (18, 52) with a category infrastructure. Two of the wire pairs (62) provide two voice over Internet protocol subscription possibilities to every flat and office and two of the broadband connections (64).

Abstract: A method of providing a medium access control protocol using a listen before-talk scheme within a wireless network having a plurality of stations communicating over a channel, wherein a valid route from a source station to a destination station via at least one more station is determined, said method comprising: transmitting a data packet over said channel by a first station; receiving said data packet in a second station; analyzing data in said data packet by said second station whether said data packet is to be forwarded further; and if said data packet is to be forwarded further, prioritizing transmission of said data packet on said valid route.

Abstract: A packet processing method for exchanging packet data through a plurality of layers is disclosed, that comprises the steps of storing the entire packet to a packet memory; and storing part of each packet of the packet data used in processes of a layer 2 processing portion and a layer 3 processing portion of the plurality of layers to a multi-port shared memory, the layer 2 processing portion and the layer 3 processing portion accessing the same memory space of the multi-port shared memory. In addition, a pipeline processing system is used so that when the layer 2 processing portion and the layer 3 processing portion access the shared memory, they do not interfere with each other.

Abstract: In a method and apparatus for allocating processing in a network, a processing request is received. It is determined if a first processing node in the network is capable of handling the processing request. If the first processing node is incapable of handling the processing request alone, one or more additional processing nodes from the network are allocated to assist in handling the processing request.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to a system of communicating, data within an integrated circuit. Multiple components, or channels, can share common physical communication lines between elements within the system. In some aspect, only one component can access the physical lines at a given time and a selection device chooses which component is active on the physical lines and makes the appropriate connection to the lines. The selection and connection can be completed without requiring or reporting information to the components, and is thus transparent.

Abstract: A method and corresponding system for communicating between stations in a network are presented. The method includes providing repeated beacon transmissions from a coordinator station for coordinating transmissions among a plurality of the stations; transmitting from a first station to a second station during a time slot assigned to the first station by at least one of the beacon transmissions; and transmitting from the first station information that grants permission to the second station to transmit during at least a portion of a time slot assigned to the first station.

Abstract: The embodiments of the present invention provide a mechanism to synchronize centralized networks. Each centralized network includes a central coordinator controlling and managing network activities. The embodiments provide a way of allocating beacon slots, such that one of the beacon slots is synchronized to the alternating current line cycle and thus functions as a master timing sequence. In some embodiments, methods, devices, and systems are provided for detecting transmissions of non-coordinating networks.

Abstract: A residential Ethernet node device for transmitting synchronous data uses a counter in a residential Ethernet system. The device includes a parser for receiving residential Ethernet data from external other node devices, and parsing the received Ethernet data as synchronous data and asynchronous data. An asynchronous switch switches and transmits the parsed asynchronous data. A synchronous switch switches and transmits the parsed synchronous data. A multiplexer is connected with the asynchronous switch and the synchronous switch, and multiplexes the asynchronous and synchronous data. A synchronous data band assignment unit for, by the count of a counter, indicating synchronous data bandwidth information determined from a synchronous data bandwidth reservation process, and transmitting the indicated bandwidth information to the multiplexer, thereby determining a multiplex position for synchronous data transmission.

Abstract: There is provided a powerline network that includes a number of stations including a central coordinator for coordinating transmissions of each of the stations. Each of the stations is configurable to generate one or more tone maps for communicating with each of the other stations in the powerline network. Each tone map includes a set of tones to be used on a communication link between two of the stations. Each tone map further includes a unique set of modulation methods for each tone. Each of the stations is further configurable to generate a default tone map for communicating with each of the other stations, where the default tone map is valid for all portions of a powerline cycle. Each of the stations is further configurable to monitor its bandwidth needs and to request additional bandwidth from the central coordinator.

Abstract: An apparatus and system for encoding out of order data packets in a network are described. At a source unit, an out-of-order parameter is selected as the maximum out of order range value of data packets to be encoded with a minimum header size. A shifting parameter is then calculated using the selected out-of-order parameter. For a new data packet received, having a predetermined header field value, an interpretation interval is further calculated as a function of the shifting parameter and a reference value of a header field within a previously transmitted data packet. An encoding and compression algorithm is then applied to the predetermined header field value using the calculated interpretation interval, and the compressed value is further transmitted to a destination unit.

Abstract: A mechanism is provided to extend the range of wireless devices beyond the range limit that results from timing restrictions imposed by the IEEE 802.11 standard. The mechanism, which operates at the upper level of the 802.11 MAC, determines whether the wireless devices are far apart or not far apart. When the wireless devices are determined to be far apart, the standard retransmission protocol at the lower level of the 802.11 MAC is disabled and a custom ACK packet is utilized. Delivery of a transmitted packet is confirmed if the custom ACK packet is received within a maximum delay period that takes into account the longer propagation delay between wireless devices that are far apart.

Abstract: A monitoring system provided according to an aspect of the present invention enables a user to specify one or more resource elements as a group, and compute an Abnormality Index that represents the deviation from a baseline operation of these selected resource elements. In an embodiment, the Abnormality Index is computed as a single number. The user may include any desired attributes of each resource element to be considered in determining deviations. The Abnormality Index represents the number of deviations, the seriousness of deviation (e.g., more serious if deviation relates to unavailability of the resource element), and the extent of deviation (i.e., whether the deviation is based on expected operation for hourly, daily or weekly duration).

Abstract: Described is a method which compares a plurality of wireless protocols utilized on a radio frequency channel. Each wireless protocol utilizes a corresponding predetermined number of subcarrier frequencies on the channel. A number is generated as a function of a comparison of the corresponding predetermined numbers. The frequency channel is divided by the number to generate a set of subcarrier frequencies. Each of the wireless protocols is assigned to a corresponding subset of subcarrier frequencies. Wireless communications are conducted over each subset of subcarrier frequencies utilizing the corresponding wireless protocol during a same time period.

Abstract: A method and corresponding system for operating in a network in which stations communicate over a shared medium are presented. The shared medium has at least one varying channel characteristic that varies approximately periodically. The method includes providing repeated beacon transmissions from a coordinator station for coordinating transmissions among a plurality of the stations, wherein at least some beacon transmissions are synchronized to the varying channel characteristic; and transmitting from a first station to at least one receiving station during a time slot determined based on at least one of the beacon transmissions received by the first station from the coordinator station.

Abstract: Discriminating a modulation type based upon a predetermined portion of symbols for a received encoded signal. While receiving the encoded signal, at least a first and a second cumulative soft metrics are generated using the plurality of symbols over a predetermined portion of the received encoded signal. The first cumulative soft metric is compared with the second cumulative soft metric to generate or provide a discriminated modulation type. With the discriminated modulation type, the signal field is decoded, allowing for decoding of the accompanying data payload with the encoded signal.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus and a method for receiving and playing Digital Multimedia Broadcasting (DMB) data using a DMB package and a mobile terminal. The DMB package is separable from the mobile terminal and can be interfaced with the mobile terminal. The apparatus includes DMB package for receiving DMB data, converting data formats of the received DMB data into multimedia data formats which can be reproduced by the typical mobile terminal, and transmitting the DMB data converted into the mobile terminal reproducible data formats to the mobile terminal. Accordingly, even a mobile terminal, which does not have a function of receiving and reproducing DMB data, can reproduce the DMB data.

Abstract: A layer 1 control (L1C) architecture which processes radio link (RL) requests received from a layer 3 (L3) radio resource control (RRC), and physical data requests received from a layer 2 (L2) medium access control (MAC). The L1C architecture includes a mode connection controller (MCC) unit, a transmit/receive unit, a transmit frame scheduler (FS) unit and a receive FS router. The L1C architecture further includes an L1C database, a transmit frame table, a receive frame table and a frame counter database. The receive FS router accesses control messages received from a processor which implements layer 1 processing (L1P) and routes the control messages to the MCC unit and the transmit/receive unit. The transmit FS unit forwards control or data messages received from the transmit frame table to the processor. The frame counter database provides frame numbering services for use by any L1C process based on an L1P-generated L1 frame number.

Abstract: The present invention provides a computer implemented method, system, and computer program product of dynamic segmentation based on processor load using various steps. If a network interface card is enabled for segmentation, a determination is made as to whether a processor utilization value is greater than a threshold. If processor utilization value is above the threshold, segments are offloaded to the network interface card, wherein segments are sent to the network interface card.

Abstract: A packet processing device for effectively assembling packets. A packet accumulator stores received packets. A packet analyzer extracts, from the packets, analysis information about flows to which the packets belong. A frequency predictor calculates a frequency prediction value based on the reception interval of packets belonging to an identical flow, and stores the calculated value in a frequency prediction storage. Also, in response to input of the analysis information, the frequency predictor reads the corresponding frequency prediction value and sends the read value to a flow processor. The flow processor generates flow information on the flow corresponding to the analysis information, and analyzes the generated flow information and those stored in a flow information storage, to select an assembling termination flow based on the frequency prediction values. A packet transfer unit reads the packets corresponding to the selected flow from the packet accumulator and transfers the packets to a host.

Abstract: The invention includes a method and apparatus for generating virtual clock signals for differing hierarchies in a communication system conveying data frames of differing hierarchies. Specifically, a method according to one embodiment of the invention includes receiving data frames of a first hierarchy, receiving at least one input clock signal, and generating a virtual clock signal using the at least one input clock signal and a clock enable signal. The clock enable signal is generated using at least one of a data rate ratio and a clock rate ratio. The virtual clock signal is adapted for converting at least a portion of the data frames of the first hierarchy to data frames of a second hierarchy. The frequency of the virtual clock signal is determined by applying the clock enable signal to a common clock signal.

Abstract: A method and corresponding system for communicating between stations in a network is presented. The method includes providing repeated beacon transmissions from a coordinator station for coordinating transmissions among the stations; transmitting a signal from a first station and receiving the signal at a second station; and performing one or both of: generating the signal based on a local clock at the first station and time adjustment information in a beacon transmission received by the first station, and sampling the signal at sample times based on a local clock at the second station and time adjustment information in a beacon transmission received by the second station.

Abstract: A reference frequency is distributed through a packet-based network to remote elements in a system. Timing packets are sent from a master timing element, to be received by at least one peripheral timing element. Echo messages are sent to the master timing element by each peripheral timing element after a unique delay, in response to the reception of a timing packet. Loopback delay measurements are included in each timing packet for each peripheral timing element.

Abstract: A method for the transmission of data in a synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) network comprising the steps of transmitting to a node of the network a form of data signal from outside the network, converting the signal into a virtually concatenated information structure and transporting the signal through the network in the virtually concatenated information structure; means for carrying out the method and tributary cards arranged and configured to process signals received in contiguously concatenated form to convert them into virtually concatenated form for transfer across the network; thus providing for data transmitted in high-bandwidth, contiguosly concatenated signals (ie VC-4-4c) to be transported across a SDH network, not itself capable of carrying contiguously concatenated signals.

Abstract: A medical laser apparatus for performing treatment by irradiating an affected part with a laser beam comprises: a fiber laser source with variable output power, which emits an infrared fundamental laser beam; a wavelength converting element which wavelength-converts the fundamental beam to a visible second harmonic laser beam and is placed on an optical axis of the fundamental beam; a first incident angle changing unit which changes an incident angle of the fundamental beam to the wavelength converting element; an optical axis deviation correcting unit which corrects deviation of an optical axis of the second harmonic beam caused by a change of the incident angle of the fundamental beam to the wavelength converting element; and a controller which controls the first changing unit and the correcting unit based on a change in power of the fundamental beam.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method control the temperature of a laser module having laser diodes in an external drum printing plate exposer. In the external drum printing plate exposer, there is not sufficient space to permit cooling of the laser modules by Peltier elements, because of the construction. Cooling of the laser modules with Peltier elements is to be made possible, since the latter are able to control the temperature of the laser modules without vibration. The object is achieved by heat from the laser module being led to a Peltier element via a heat conduit.

Abstract: A graded SiGe buffer layer 12 and a SiGe buffer layer 13 are formed on a Si substrate 11. A strained Si layer 14 having a critical film thickness or less is formed to decrease a stress applied to an interface between the strained Si layer 14 and the SiGe buffer layer 13, thereby obtaining a strained Si layer 14, in which a crystal defect density is low. Furthermore, the surface of the strained Si layer 14 is covered by a SiGe cap layer 21, which has a lattice constant greater than Si, thereby preventing the strained Si layer 14 from disappearing due to the sacrifice oxidation performed in the later steps, and enabling a gate oxide layer to be formed thereon. Thus, it is possible to obtain a high-quality strained Si wafer.

Abstract: An optical element includes a surface-emitting type semiconductor laser, a photodetector element that detects a part of laser light emitted from the surface-emitting type semiconductor laser, and a light-receiving element that receives laser light from outside. The photodetector element has a first photoabsorption layer formed above a substrate. The surface-emitting type semiconductor laser has a first mirror formed above the first photoabsorption layer, an active layer formed above the first mirror, and a second mirror formed above the active layer. The light-receiving element has a second photoabsorption layer formed above the second mirror.

Abstract: A bidirectional transceiver assembly includes a VCSEL structure that emits light at a defined wavelength on a substrate structure. A photodetector receives the light. A hole structure is formed on the substrate structure to allow the light from the VCSEL structure to be emitted so as to form an optical path.

Abstract: A semiconductor laser array is described. The semiconductor laser array may include a plurality of semiconductor laser elements including a first laser element and a second laser element. The first laser element may be configured to emit a shorter wavelength laser than the second laser element. The emission portion of the first laser element provided substantially on a center line of a substrate.

Abstract: A long-wavelength VCSEL system is provided including providing a bottom mirror, a heat sink surrounding the bottom mirror, a wafer on the bottom mirror and the heat sink, and a backside contact on the wafer on a side opposite the bottom mirror.