Abstract: The invention relates to a device, a method and an apparatus for acquiring data, the device comprising a wireless network including a set of nodes (100), each node (100) including a sender (140) and a receiver (150) for sending and/or receiving and/or relaying data and/or commands, and a satellite positioning system (130), characterized in that each satellite positioning system (130) includes means for providing specific data used for time-stamping the data relative to a common time reference, organizing an access to the wireless network in a perfectly controlled manner, and routing data and/or commands within the network.

Abstract: If security cannot be ensured between a mobile node and a corresponding node for the communication utilizing Mobile IPv6, communication is exposed to a threat such as tapping of communication content at the moving destination when the mobile node makes the route-optimized communication. In the case where the route-optimized communication is conducted for a communication partner as the communication using the. Mobile IPv6, the mobile node has the automatic setting function to use the IPsec and also has the function to use the tunnel protected by the IPsec between the mobile node and the home agent apparatus when the setting of the IPsec with the communication partner fails.

Abstract: An access point (100) for selecting a wireless channel from a plurality of wireless channels to establish a wireless link includes a wireless channel scanning module (110), a wireless channel selecting module (150) and a wireless channel appointing module (170). The wireless channel scanning module is used for obtaining working statuses of the wireless channels. The wireless channel selecting module is used for assigning weighted scores to the wireless channels based on the working statuses thereof, and for selecting an applicable wireless channel based on the weighted scores of the wireless channels. The wireless channel appointing module is used for appointing the applicable wireless channel to the access point. A wireless channel selection method thereof is also provided to avoid interference between different wireless channels of different access points.

Abstract: A mobile communication terminal including a display unit, and a controller configured to display on the display unit both a first list including tasks that can be simultaneously executed and a second list listing currently executing tasks.

Abstract: A communications system includes an internet protocol (IP) enabled mobile unit having a home network. The system also includes a foreign network that can provide the mobile unit access to IP data services. To allow the mobile unit to receive IP services in the foreign network without an awareness of network mobility, the foreign network registers with the home network to receive redirected packets for communication to the mobile unit.

Abstract: A method for monitoring a selected region of an airspace associated with local area networks of computing devices is provided. The method includes providing one or more segments of a legacy local area network to be protected in a selected geographic region. The legacy local area network is characterized by an unsecured airspace within the selected geographic region. The method includes determining a security policy associated with the one or more segments of the legacy local area network. The security policy at least characterizes a type of wireless activity in the unsecured airspace to be permitted, denied, or ignored. Additionally, the method includes connecting one or more sniffer devices into the legacy local area network. The one or more sniffer devices are spatially disposed within the selected geographic region to cause at least a portion of the unsecured airspace to be secured according to the security policy.

Abstract: A method of controlling access to an area accessible by persons, particularly to a space closed by a door, utilizes a first mobile communications unit on which at least one access code is filed and a receiver unit for receiving the access code. In a first variant of the method, when an activation signal is transmitted by the communications unit within a predetermined range of the receiver unit, the receiver unit is activated and the access code is transmitted from the communications unit to the receiver unit. After a successful check of the access code by the receiver unit the access is freed. In a second variant, when the activation signal is transmitted by the receiver unit within a predetermined range of the communications unit, the receiver unit is activated. The access code is subsequently transmitted from the communications unit to the receiver unit and after a successful check of the access code by the receiver unit the access is freed.

Abstract: A method of controlling access to an area accessible by persons, particularly to a space closed by a door, utilizes at least two communications units for transmitting and receiving an identification code and an access code. The identification code is transmitted at a predetermined first transmission power from a first communications unit to at least one second communications unit. The second communications unit checks the identification code and transmits an acknowledgement code at a second transmission power, which is lower than the first transmission power, from the second communications unit to the first communications unit if the check of the identification code was successful. The first communications unit transmits an access code to the second communications unit. After a successful check of the access code by the second communications unit the access is freed.

Abstract: There is provided a new inter-station transmission method capable of extending, as compared with a conventional method, a time to be allocated for a transmission path delay of an inter-station transmission path within a predetermined turnaround time, and increasing an inter-station transmission distance as much as possible. A radio base station (20) reproduces a clock synchronized with a BSU transmission clock DCLK, the BSU transmission clock DCLK being used when transmitting downlink transmission data from a communication control station (10). Based on the reproduced clock, the radio base station (20) processes the downlink transmission data. Since this clock synchronization eliminates a necessity of data format conversion between the communication control station (10) and the radio base station (20), a buffer such as a FIFO for accumulating transmission data in preparation for the conversion is no longer necessary. Consequently, a delay time caused by the buffer in a conventional process is eliminated.

Abstract: The invention provides that, in the event of a decentrally or centrally organized access to the transmission medium, preferably an IEEE 802.11 system, pilot signals are transmitted from the transmitter to the receiver, and the allocation table is subsequently calculated by the receiver on the basis of the received pilot symbols. The allocation table is transmitted from the receiver to the transmitter so that the subsequent data exchange can take place based on the allocation table.

Abstract: A method, apparatus and computer program product for transmitting broadcast/multicast data in a wireless network, is presented. The network includes either a plurality of multi-radio nodes, or a plurality of single-radio nodes, or a mix of multi-radio and single-radio nodes and the network further includes a control channel and at least one data channel. Transmission of the broadcast/multicast data occurs either on the control channel or on a data channel.

Abstract: In a data communication system capable of variable rate transmission, high rate packet data transmission improves utilization of the forward link and decreases the transmission delay. Data transmission on the forward link is time multiplexed and the base station transmits at the highest data rate supported by the forward link at each time slot to one mobile station. The data rate is determined by the largest C/I measurement of the forward link signals as measured at the mobile station. Upon determination of a data packet received in error, the mobile station transmits a NACK message back to the base station. The NACK message results in retransmission of the data packet received in error. The data packets can be transmitted out of sequence by the use of sequence number to identify each data unit within the data packets.

Abstract: In a data communication system capable of variable rate transmission, high rate packet data transmission improves utilization of the forward link and decreases the transmission delay. Data transmission on the forward link is time multiplexed and the base station transmits at the highest data rate supported by the forward link at each time slot to one mobile station. The data rate is determined by the largest C/I measurement of the forward link signals as measured at the mobile station. Upon determination of a data packet received in error, the mobile station transmits a NACK message back to the base station. The NACK message results in retransmission of the data packet received in error. The data packets can be transmitted out of sequence by the use of sequence number to identify each data unit within the data packets.

Abstract: In a data communication system capable of variable rate transmission, high rate packet data transmission improves utilization of the forward link and decreases the transmission delay. Data transmission on the forward link is time multiplexed and the base station transmits at the highest data rate supported by the forward link at each time slot to one mobile station. The data rate is determined by the largest C/I measurement of the forward link signals as measured at the mobile station. Upon determination of a data packet received in error, the mobile station transmits a NACK message back to the base station. The NACK message results in retransmission of the data packet received in error. The data packets can be transmitted out of sequence by the use of sequence number to identify each data unit within the data packets.

Abstract: After a predetermined period of time has lapsed after transmission of a voice data packet representing a first voice section a second voice data packet representing the same voice section is transmitted. On the receiving end, a value for the transmission quality is determined for the first and for the second voice data packet and the one of the two voice data packets is processed that has the better transmission quality.

Abstract: A call handover method for an Internet Protocol communication network using hierarchical mobility management comprising a mobility anchor point connected to first and second access routers and to a home agent of a mobile node having first local and regional care-of addresses and communicating with another node consists in, if the mobile node detects the second access router: i) communicating the address prefix of the second access router to the mobile node in order for it to construct a second local care-of address, ii) communicating the second local care-of address, the first regional care-of address and an information bit having a value indicating double temporary addressing to the anchor point in order for it to store the second local care-of address in corresponding relationship to the first regional care-of address and then forward packets addressed to the mobile node to the first and second access routers, and iii) disconnecting the mobile node from the first access node and then deleting the first loca

Abstract: A method for controlling a rate of a voice service in a mobile communication system supporting the voice service via a packet network. The method includes the steps of receiving a control message at a terminal from a radio network controller (RNC); if the control message indicates control of a downlink rate, determining a downlink rate according to the control message; setting a Change Mode Request (CMR) field of an uplink Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) packet according to the downlink rate, and transmitting the uplink VoIP packet from the terminal to the RNC; if the received control message indicates control of an uplink rate, determining an uplink rate according to the control message; and generating an uplink VoIP packet including uplink voice data generated according to the determined uplink rate and frame type (FT) information indicating the determined uplink rate, and transmitting the uplink VoIP packet from the terminal to the RNC.

Abstract: A method and system directed to negotiating and triggering media stream synchronization at the link layer in a QoS-enabled 802.11 WLAN, or other wireless, network. In one implementation, the present invention allows for improved performance of streaming network applications, such as video conferencing, over wireless links. In one implementation, the present invention also provides an optional mechanism whereby a mobile station can signal a need for on-the-fly throttling, if an application on the mobile detects that there is a need for better synchronization of two streams, such as a lower priority stream to a higher priority stream.

Abstract: In a method for adaptive transmission timing control, the overlooking of a base path at the side of the base station that occurs when the transmission timing offset amount changes to the extent of falling outside the current delay-profile calculation range, and the side of the mobile station fails to demodulate the control information that contains the transmission timing offset amount, is prevented. A limit is put on the transmission timing offset amount applied in a single transmission timing control iteration. Together with setting the transmission timing offset value such that the main component of the delay profile calculated from the pilot signal transmitted with offset transmission timing falls within the time range of when the current delay profile was calculated, the time range for calculating the next delay profile is shifted such that a delay profile calculated from the pilot signal transmitted with offset transmission timing falls within the shifted range, starting at the earliest component.

Abstract: According to the invention, a content delivery network (CDN) for delivering content objects over the Internet is disclosed. The CDN includes a point of presence (POP), a content object request interface, and a routing function. At least one POP is coupled to a plurality of full-route networks. The content object request interface receives requests for content objects for delivery to a number of end users using a plurality of terminal networks. The routing function that routes content objects in at least two modes, where a first mode routes content objects based upon a first route path chosen based upon delivery efficiency, and a second mode routes at least some content objects using a second route path when at least of a portion of the first route path reaches a level of use. The first and second route paths egress to different full-route networks.

Abstract: A routing validation method and system identifies routers that are likely to be the cause of differences in forwarding tables associated with two versions of a network. Each destination sub-network prefix is processed to identify all the routers that exhibit differences in their forwarding table for this prefix. Each router exhibiting a difference is assessed to determine whether the difference may have been propagated to this router from another router. If the difference could not have been propagated from another router, this router is identified as a potential source of the observed difference. By eliminating routers that could have received the effects of the differences from another router, the task of identifying the root cause of the observed differences is substantially reduced in complexity.

Abstract: The present invention relates to apparatus for and methods of performing a binding procedure in respect of a mobile node in a foreign packet data network, the mobile node having roamed from a an home packet data network and having a home packet data protocol address, the method comprising the steps of: the mobile node sending its home packet data protocol address to a node of the network responsible for allocating packet data protocol addresses to mobile nodes for use in the foreign network (the allocating node); the allocating node allocating or participating in the allocation of a packet data protocol address to the mobile node; the allocating node receiving a packet data protocol address of a receiving node; and in dependence on the received home packet data protocol address, the receiving node packet data protocol address, and the allocated packet data protocol address, the allocating node sending or arranging for another network node to send a message to the receiving node, the message indicating a bindi

Abstract: Audio signal produced by a computer while playing computer audio content (such as audio files, real-time streaming audio, internet radio stations, etc.) is transmitted to remote location in the home and reproduced by a home audio system. The method is provided for remote navigation through such audio content and for playback control. Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) is used as a user interface device at the preferred user location. Standard infrared (IR) port of the PDA is used for the command transmission. Alternatively, a standard IR remote control device can be used for a limited interface. A specialized adapter placed at the user location is receiving command signal from PDA device and retransmitting it to the computer, thus allowing user to be located at sufficient distance from the computer.

Abstract: Systems and methods provide for embedding white noise signals representing DTMF digits into a voice data stream.

Abstract: The invention relates to a system and method regarding a switch or router (22) in a broadband network standard such as the Ethernet network standard. The switch or router (22) comprises an interface to for instance a category 3 or 5 infrastructure (12, 16) for distribution of data to flats and offices in premises. Whereby, a category infrastructure comprises four twisted wire pairs connected to every flat and office. Two pairs are utilized by the Ethernet standard. According to the invention a voice over Internet protocol box circuitry is collocated in said switch or router (22) hardware, serving every flat and office with telephony, and an interface (14, 18, 24) to the voice over Internet protocol box circuitry utilizes two of the wire pairs to provide two voice over Internet protocol subscription possibilities to every flat and office.

Abstract: The present invention allows mobile terminals to initiate calls to either PSTN or non-PSTN addresses through a cellular interface. In operation, the mobile terminal will determine a terminating address to which a call is to be initiated based on user input or selection. The mobile terminal will then determine whether the terminating address should be used to directly initiate a call through the cellular interface. When the terminating address should be used to directly initiate the call, the mobile terminal will directly initiate the call using the terminating address. When the terminating address should not be used to directly initiate the call, the mobile terminal will send the terminating address to a service node. The service node will then initiate an indirect call process using the terminating address to establish the call between an endpoint associated with the terminating address and the cellular interface of the mobile terminal.

Abstract: The claimed subject matter provides a system and/or a method that facilitates enhancing security in a wireless network for a mobile device that can connect to an access point. A mobile device can utilize a wireless connection with at least one access point. A security component can utilize an association control list to provide at least one of a valid access point to which the mobile can connect and a rogue access point to which the mobile device is not to connect.

Abstract: A computer includes a sound card and a processor that runs one or more applications that cause the processor to generate audio signals coupled to the sound card. The processor is operable to execute code that provides a graphical user interface which allows a user to selectively mute the audio signals associated with a set of the one or more applications. It is emphasized that this abstract is provided to comply with the rules requiring an abstract that will allow a searcher or other reader to quickly ascertain the subject matter of the technical disclosure. It is submitted with the understanding that it will not be used to interpret or limit the scope or meaning of the claims. 37 CFR 1.72(b).

Abstract: A wireless communication method and apparatus for scheduling data having different priorities for a plurality of wireless transmit/receive units (WTRUs), (i.e., users) is disclosed. The normalized average active throughput for each of the WTRUs is computed. Then, the normalized channel quality for each of the WTRUs is computed based on a reported channel quality indicator (CQI) and the respective normalized average active throughput. A sequence of WTRUs is arranged in an order of decreasing normalized channel quality for each data priority. As much of the data as possible is scheduled for the WTRUs in the order of decreasing normalized channel quality of WTRUs. The scheduling is performed until there are no more physical resources available. Several of the WTRUs can be scheduled in the same transmission timing interval (TTI) if there are enough physical resources.

Abstract: A technique for providing ancillary information relative to an entity's location to the entity using a host configuration protocol. An entity generates a request containing an option that specifies the ancillary information relative to the entity's location that is sought. The request is forwarded to a server in accordance with the host configuration protocol. The server processes the request including identifying the requested information, generates a response and places the identified information in the response. The server then forwards the response to the entity in accordance with the host configuration protocol. The entity receives the response and processes it, accordingly.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method for communication includes coupling a computer to communicate over a circuit-switched telephone network via voice-band analog modem hardware. A communication terminal is coupled to exchange digital voice samples with the computer via a digital interface. A telephone call is established via the computer between the communication terminal and a telephone on the circuit-switched telephone network wherein the voice-band analog modem hardware transmits and receives voice signals corresponding to the digital voice samples over the circuit-switched telephone network to and from the telephone.

Abstract: A technique for providing information relative to an entity's location to an entity in a communication network. A request for information is generated by a first entity wherein the request contains a location of the first entity. The request is then forwarded to a second entity which illustratively is a trusted source in the communication network. The second entity receives the request and identifies the requested information using the location information contained in the request. A notification containing the identified information is then generated by the second entity and forwarded to the first entity. The first entity receives the notification and processes it accordingly.

Abstract: A mailbox system that has a distributed architecture is disclosed. The system includes an application server, a media server, and message storage system having subscriber mailboxes. Application messages may be stored in a subscriber's mailbox. When the subscriber accesses an application message, the application server uses the application message to create an application, which is then provided to the media server. The media server then executes the application for the subscriber.

Abstract: A provisioning mechanism installed at a customer premise equipment (CPE) device capable of Voice over Packet (VoP) communication permits provisioning of the CPE device by an auto configuration server (ACS). The provisioning mechanism includes a Capabilities object associated with the CPE device, the Capabilities object including one or more of the following: one or more fax related parameters indicative of whether the CPE device supports fax related capabilities; and a ModemPassThrough parameter indicative of whether the CPE device supports modem pass through.

Abstract: A system for improving the performance of on-demand mobile communications services includes a wireless network having a plurality of mobile devices and an application server. A relay node receives data from a first mobile device, the data having a destination address associated with the application server. The relay node is adapted to detect a service flag in the received data and route the received data to a second mobile device in accordance with stored routing rules. The received data may be transmitted using the UDP protocol, including error correction code for important data to guarantee packet delivery. A client device may be further adapted to track the duration of idle communications periods during operation of a client application, and transmit a dummy packet to the gaming server when the duration exceed a predetermined threshold to prevent the relinquishment of allocated system resources.

Abstract: An arrangement which includes a telephone and an interface unit, which interfaces the telephone to both a standard switched telephone communications network and an Internet communications network, is disclosed. The interface unit includes an input coupled to the telephone to receive audio information and two output ports configured to be respectively coupled to the standard switched telephone communications network and the Internet communications network. A processing unit couples the audio information received from the telephone to the first output port when the telephonic communication is to be performed using the standard switched telephone communications network. Alternatively, the processing unit processes the audio information received from the telephone in accordance with standard Internet transfer protocols and couples the processed audio information to the second output port when the telephonic communication is to be performed using the Internet communications network and the standard protocols.

Abstract: Digital data may be communicated by a central processing node to and from at least one digital telephone node of an internal network that includes the central processing node, and digital data may be communicated by the central processing node to and from at least one telephone node coupled to an external network to facilitate telephone communications between said digital telephone node of said internal network and said telephone node coupled to said external network.

Abstract: In a UMTS wireless communication system, when the packet size on the enhanced dedicated physical data channel (E-DPDCH) on the uplink from a UE to a NodeB reaches a converged default packet size, the corresponding dedicated physical control channel (E-DPCCH) is turned off. The NodeB uses the default packet size to decode the frame received on the E-DPDCH using each possible redundancy version. Alternatively, the E-DPCCH is turned off and a new transmission flag is transmitted by the UE only when a new frame is transmitted by the UE. NodeB then uses the presence or absence of that flag in conjunction with the absence of E-DPCCH to determine which redundancy version is to be assumed in decoding the frame received on E-DPDCH.

Abstract: A method for retrieving a first entity description for a first entity, the first entity description including a pointer to a second entity description for a second entity, wherein the first entity is connected to the second entity; retrieving the second entity description using the pointer of the first entity description; and building a routing table using information from the first and second entity descriptions.

Abstract: One aspect relates to a communication protocol for communicating between one or more entities, such as devices, hosts or any other system capable of communicating over a network. A protocol is provided that allows communication between entities without a priori knowledge of the communication protocol. In such a protocol, for example, information describing a data structure of the communication protocol is transferred between communicating entities. Further, an authentication protocol is provided for providing bidirectional authentication between communicating entities. In one specific example, the entities include a master device and a slave device coupled by a serial link. In another specific example, the communication protocol may be used for performing unbalanced transmission between communicating entities.

Abstract: In a network device and a network system structuring a VLAN at the layer 2 level, a starting network device transmits a structuring packet including a port number corresponding to an address of a terminating network device and a single VLAN after having added thereto an address of the starting network device itself and a port number from which the structuring packet is outputted; a relaying network device transmits the structuring packet to which an address of the relaying network device itself, a port number to which the structuring packet has been inputted, and a port number from which the structuring packet is to be outputted are added; and a terminating network device transmits a setup packet in which port numbers are associated with the VLAN for each of the starting and the relaying network device to each of addresses of the starting and the relaying network device.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for communicating between devices is described. In one embodiment, the method comprises running two or more instances of a switch MAC sublayer on a switch and managing the two or more instances of the switch MAC sublayer as multiple logical access points inside the switch.

Abstract: A method of generating a public long code mask for a broadcast/multicast service and apparatus thereof are provided, by which, upon performing the broadcast/multicast service, an overhead of a base station or a mobile terminal can be reduced and a delay occurring in the base station or mobile terminal can be reduced. In a method of carrying out a broadcast/multicast service provided via a channel of a mobile communication system, the method includes steps of receiving a flow identifier indicative of the broadcast/multicast service; and generating, based on the received flow identifier, a public long code mask for the channel providing the broadcast/multicast service.

Abstract: A method for low latency data comprises receiving a data stream comprising data from a data source, receiving the data via one or more queues, where each of the one or more queues is associated with one or more filters adapted to filter the data based at least upon a time predicate to create filtered data. Each of the one or more filters is established by one or more subscribers. The method also comprises receiving a portion of the filtered data that was filtered by a filter established by a particular one or more subscribers, and publishing the portion of the filtered data for the particular one or more subscribers.

Abstract: The present invention realizes an OLT (Optical Line Terminal) in an optical access network system for implementing the multicast services without having a deleterious effect on the communication band and the communication quality for unicast data packets. The OLT comprises a multicast control unit, which controls connections dedicated for the multicast services, and a plurality of PON (Passive Optical Network) interfaces for accommodating subscriber terminals and each PON interface is provided with a unicast dedicated port for the unicast communication. When the multicast data packets are received at the multicast control unit, it identifies every PON interfaces as distribution destinations of those packets with referring to a pre-defined table and distributes first copied packets to respective identified PON interfaces.

Abstract: A system for identifying an optimal route in a network is disclosed. The system includes a destination node having an associated node address, a source node having an associated node address, and a number of intermediate nodes each having an associated node address. The intermediate nodes include a number of neighboring nodes associated with the source node. The node addresses associated respectively with the destination node and the intermediate nodes include location information associated respectively with the destination node and the intermediate nodes. The source node is configured to select one or more of the neighboring nodes to receive a route request. The selection of the selected one or more neighboring nodes is based on the location information associated with the destination node and the selected one or more neighboring nodes. One or more of the selected one or more neighboring nodes propagate their route requests received from the source node to the destination node along one or more routes.

Abstract: An apparatus and method is provided for allowing I/O devices to be shared and/or partitioned among a plurality of processing complexes within the load/store fabric of each of the processing complexes without requiring modification to the operating system or driver software of the processing complexes. The apparatus and method includes a switch for selectively coupling each of the processing complexes to one or more shared I/O devices. The apparatus and method further includes placing information within packets transmitted between the switch and the I/O devices to identify which of the processing complexes the packets are associated with. The invention further includes an apparatus and method within the shared I/O devices to allow the shared I/O devices to service each of the processing complexes independently.

Abstract: A simulator simulates routing system protocols to build routing tables corresponding to a modeled network, and a comparator compares the routing tables in the actual network to these simulator-created routing tables. Because the modeled system represents a fault-free version of the actual system, and assuming that the modeled routing system protocols are representative of the algorithms used in the actual routers, these simulator-produced routing tables will represent the ‘ideal’ routing tables that should be present in the routers of the actual network. By querying each router in the actual network for its routing table and comparing each routing table to the corresponding simulator-produced routing table, any differences from the ‘ideal’ can be identified.

Abstract: A method of minimizing SID difference of simultaneously transmitted cells in two or more data communication lines is provided. A data transmission speed of each of the two or more data communication lines is identified. A fullness threshold of at least one buffer of two or more buffers in a transmit node is configured in relation to a size of a data cell for transmission. The two or more buffers correspond to respective ones of the two or more data communication lines. The at least one buffer communicates with a given one of the two or more data communication lines having a data transmission speed slower than another of the two or more data communication lines. One or more data cells for transmission are assigned to the two or more buffers of the two or more data communication lines at the transmit node. The one or more data cells are transmitted from the transmit node to a receive node in accordance with the data transmission speeds of the two or more data communication lines.

Abstract: Urgent data is scheduled in a wireless communication system including at least one wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) and at least one Node-B. The WTRU includes a re-ordering release timer. The Node-B includes a buffer, a lifespan (or maximum allowed delay) timer and a high speed downlink packet access (HSDPA) scheduler. The HSDPA scheduler determines whether there is at least one protocol data unit (PDU) in the buffer whose lifespan (maximum allowed delay) timer or re-ordering release timer will expire if the PDU is not transmitted in a next N transmission timing interval (TTI), where N is a design parameter. If so, the PDU is treated as urgent data whereby a sequence of WTRUs, (i.e., users), scheduled to receive urgent data is arranged in an order of decreasing priority, and a more conservative modulation and coding scheme (MCS), multiple code transmission and a different redundancy reversion are considered for use.