Abstract: A thermal sensor has a substrate defining a reaction chamber. The reaction chamber has an inlet for conducting sample into the reaction chamber, a reaction surface and an orifice adjacent the reaction surface defining an outlet from the reaction chamber. The reaction surface is coated with a sorbant for binding agents in the sample. A heat transducer in the substrate and in proximity to the reaction surface is configured for heating the reaction surface.

Abstract: An apparatus for protecting a vacuum system of semiconductor equipment is disclosed. The apparatus comprises a process tool and a gas-exploding unit. The process tool includes a gas reaction chamber, and the process tool is connected with a first gas piping to exhaust a waste gas in the gas reaction chamber. The gas-exploding unit includes a gas-exploding chamber, a gas valve, a pressure sensor, and a gas-exploding device for sealing an opening in a wall of the gas-exploding chamber. The gas-exploding chamber is connected with the first gas piping to receive the waste gas. The waste gas in the gas-exploding chamber is transported to a local scrubber through a second gas piping, and then exhausted to a central scrubber. The pressure sensor is used to detect a pressure in the gas-exploding chamber.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for synthesis and screening of materials are disclosed. According to one aspect of the present invention, a parallel batch reactor for effecting chemical reactions includes a pressure chamber, and a plurality of reaction wells. Each of the reaction wells is in isolatable fluid communication with the pressure chamber such that during a first pressurizing stage of operation, each of the reaction wells can be simultaneously pressurized through common fluid communication with the pressure chamber, and such that during a second reaction stage of operation, each of the reaction wells can be fluidically isolated from at least one other of said plurality of reaction wells.

Abstract: A device suitable for atomization and injection of a hydrocarbon batch into a reaction chamber comprises an admission and mixing chamber (5) for the liquid hydrocarbon batch introduced into the device by a tube (8) and for an atomization gas introduced into the device by a cylindrical casing (9) containing tube (8). Casing (9) is extended by a Venturi tube (6) which has a convergent part connected upstream to cylindrical casing (9) and a divergent part connected downstream to a hemispheric tip (7) that leads, by a rectangular slit with an opening angle (16) between about 100 and 115 degrees, to the reaction chamber. The device can be used in processes for catalytic cracking of heavy hydrocarbons.

Abstract: A sanitizing device comprising: a sanitizing component for sanitizing a surface, liquid, gas, and/or associated surrounding environment, wherein the sanitizing component includes an electrochemical, chemical, and/or corona cell; and a housing for retaining the sanitizing component. A particulate filtering component capable of substantially trapping particulates thereon and fragrance emitting means are also provided.

Abstract: A modular microreaction system comprising a housing and functional base modules accommodated therein. The housing has at least one fluid inlet and at least one fluid outlet. The base modules are arranged one behind another in a row in the housing and being designed such that fluid can flow successively through them in series. At least some of the base modules are constructed from a plurality of substantially rectangular foils having plate-like surfaces in essentially parallel planes which foils are connected to one another and are arranged in layers one above another, forming a foil stack. At least a first of the foils having at least one of microstructured channels, sensor elements, heating elements and combinations thereof on a plate-like surface of the at least a first of the foils.

Abstract: A compact chemical reactor has a first substrate. A catalyst layer is provided on an inner surface of a groove formed in a first surface of the first substrate. A second substrate, in which a concave portion to receive a portion of the catalyst layer is formed on a surface opposite to the first surface of the substrate, contacts the first substrate on the opposite surface.

Abstract: A conversion reactor (10) including an outer shell (12) having first (14) and second (16) ends and an inner surface (16) a primary inner shell (30) extending into the outer shell (12), the primary inner shell (30) defining a heat exchanging chamber (100) and having primary and secondary (34) ends, and a secondary inner shell (40) having a first end (42) located adjacent the secondary end (34) of the primary inner shell (30). One or more oulet apertures (46) are formed between the two inner shells (30,40) for passage of the gaseous fluid out of the heat exchanging chamber (100). There are also a plurality of heat exchange tubes (50) extending through the heat exchanging chamber (100) between first (58) and second (64) tube sheets and connected to same. The first tube sheet (58) is mounted in the primary inner shell (30) while the second tube sheet (64) is connected to the secondary inner shell (40).

Abstract: One embodiment provides for a liquids/solids reaction vessel configured to contain a mixture of at least one liquid and at least one solid. The vessel includes a closed perimeter wall defined by an effective height, and a bottom connected to the closed perimeter wall to thereby define a vessel volume configured to contain the mixture. The reaction vessel further includes a solids extraction system located in at least one of the bottom or in the perimeter wall proximate the bottom. The effective height is selected to produce a pressure proximate the bottom of the reaction vessel selected to eject the at least one solid through the solids extraction system under the influence of gravity alone. The effective height can be further selected to cause an increase in a reaction rate between the at least one liquid and the at least one solid.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for physically separating polypeptide constituents of a sample fluid by (a) providing a sample fluid comprising a mixture of polypeptides of differing physical and/or chemical properties; (b) contacting the fluid with at least two individual polymer matrix units, each polymer matrix unit preferentially accepting a different set of polypeptides on the basis of one or more physical and/or chemical properties; and (c) extracting the set of polypeptides from each polymer matrix unit.

Abstract: The invention relates to a sterile container, in particular for the receipt and sterile storage of surgical instruments or material, comprising a receiving chamber and a gas exchange opening that can be sealed using a sterile filter. The aim of the invention is to prevent undesired liquid from reaching the sterile filter. To achieve this, the exterior of the lid is provided with at least one inflow edge, which faces away from the gas exchange opening, and falls away towards the exterior in relation to a lid plane.

Abstract: It is an object to increase a reprocessing speed of spent nuclear fuel and to obtain uranium having a high purity and a plutonium mixture reusable as it is at a low cost through a simple procedure. The spent nuclear fuel 1 is subjected to fluorination using fluorine 2 in a fluorination step 3, and as a result, uranium, a mixture of uranium and plutonium and a fission product are separated and recovered independently of one another. The plutonium fluoride volatilized in the fluorination is recovered along with a fixing agent and then passed through an oxidative conversion step 8, thereby recovering a mixture of uranium and plutonium oxides 9. Since the uranium can be recovered in a high purity, it is managed very easily when reused or saved. Further, since the uranium and plutonium are recovered as a mixture thereof, fuel reproduction cost is decreased and prevention of proliferation is strengthened.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of preparing wet process phosphoric acid, which comprises: dividing raw materials which contain phosphate rock slurry and sulfuric acid into two parts, and then feeding these two parts into two reactors separately. In the first reactor, feeding 70–90 wt. % of the total amount of the slurry and sulfuric acid, in which the ratio of phosphate rock slurry to sulfuric acid to recycled phosphoric acid is set to be 1:0.6˜0.8:1.0˜2.5. 10˜30% of the reaction solution directly flows into conversion cell, participating in the conversion reaction of dihydrate gypsum. Thus resulted phosphoric acid concentration is 33˜39 wt. %. The recovery efficiency of P2O5 is 99% or more. When putting coke powders in the conversion solution as filter aid, the filtration efficiency can be improved by 10˜30%, and in so produced hemihydrate gypsum, P2O5 is 0.05˜0.2%, water of hydration is 4˜8%. The product can be used for producing sulfuric acid and cement without baking dry.

Abstract: Ammonia is produced from a synthesis gas containing nitrogen and hydrogen on a granular catalyst in at least one reactor at pressures in the range from 50 to 300 bar and temperatures in the range from 100 to 600° C. A product mixture containing NH3 vapor is withdrawn from the reactor, is cooled, and ammonia is condensed and separated. There is obtained a recycle gas to which fresh synthesis gas is admixed, the recycle gas being recirculated to the reactor as synthesis gas. Unreacted synthesis gas is passed through a first catalyst bed free of cooling tubes and subsequently as partly reacted synthesis gas with an NH3 content of 5 to 20 vol-% as heating fluid through a heat exchanger. Partly reacted synthesis gas is passed through at least one further catalyst bed, through which extend cooling tubes. Unreacted synthesis gas is passed as cooling gas through the cooling tubes of the further catalyst bed, and cooling gas heated to 300 to 500° C. is introduced into the first catalyst bed.

Abstract: An improved ion exchange process for manufacturing and concentrating hydroxylamine from an aqueous solution comprising hydroxylammonium ion and counter anions is disclosed. The process involves the use of an aqueous hydroxylamine wash step which assists in controlling the processing temperature and leads to a more concentrated, purified aqueous hydroxylamine solution.

Abstract: Methods of synthesizing superabrasive particles such as diamonds and cubic boron nitride are disclosed and described. One procedure includes providing a superabrasive precursor including a source material in a metal matrix. The carbon source can contain a majority of carbon atoms oriented in a rhombohedral polytype configuration. A shock wave can be passed through the carbon source that is sufficient to convert the diamond to graphite. The superabrasive precursor can be formed by dissolving hexagonal carbon in a suitable molten metal or by mixing particulate components. Similarly, hexagonal boron nitride can be used in a metal matrix which is subjected to a shock wave having sufficient energy to form cubic boron nitride. The superabrasive particles produced using these methods can be provided at relatively high yields with reduced costs.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for treating a feed gas stream rich in hydrogen sulfide by partially combusting the feed gas stream rich in hydrogen sulfide with an oxygen-enriched gas in a Claus reaction furnace to produce to a combustion reaction product stream containing sulfur. The combustion reaction product stream is split into a recycle stream and a treatment stream and the recycle stream directed back into the Claus reaction furnace, without first condensing sulfur out of the recycle stream, while the treatment stream is directed into a condenser to condense sulfur out of the treatment stream.

Abstract: Spiral shaped fibers were utilized to prepare completely novel metal oxide nanotubes comprising solely metal oxides. The metal oxide nanotubes comprise solely a hollow cylinder shaped metal oxide which may contain hydroxyl groups constituting a double helix and having hole diameter distributions containing two peak hole diameters ranging from 1 to 2 nm and from 3 to 7 nm. The tubes may be obtained by forming spiral shaped fibers from a solution of compound 1 and compound 2 and using the fibers as a template for making the nanotubes. The hydrogen adsorption and storage capacity of the metal oxide nanotubes are extremely good.

Abstract: A process for the synthesis of ferrates of alkali metals or alkaline earth metals using a solid route reacts an iron salt and a hydroxide of alkali metals or alkaline earth metals in the presence of chlorine gas provided in the form of a (Cl2+air) mixture comprising not more than 10% of chlorine by volume. Also the ferrates thus obtained.

Abstract: Radiolabeled epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase (EGFR-TK) irreversible inhibitors and their use as biomarkers for medicinal radioimaging such as Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) and as radiopharmaceuticals for radiotherapy are disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods and compositions for the treatment and diagnosis of immune disorders, especially T helper lymphocyte-related disorders. For example, genes which are differentially expressed within and among T helper (TH) cells and TH cell subpopulations, which include, but are not limited to TH0, TH1 and TH2 cell subpopulations are identified. Genes are also identified via the ability of their gene products to interact with gene products involved in the differentiation, maintenance and effector function of such TH cells and TH cell subpopulations. The genes identified can be used diagnostically or as targets for therapeutic intervention. In this regard, the present invention provides methods for the identification and therapeutic use of compounds as treatments of immune disorders, especially TH cell subpopulation-related disorders.

Abstract: The present invention provides compounds of the formula X—R1-D-[Dpr, Orn or Lys](A)-R2(Z)-D-[Dpr, Orn or Lys](B)—R3(Y)—NR4R5; or R1(X)-D-[Dpr, Orn or Lys](A)-R2(Z)-D-[Dpr, Orn or Lys](B)—R3(Y)—NR4R5, in which X is a hard acid cation chelator, a soft acid cation chelator or Ac—, R1, R2 and R3 are independently selected from a covalent bond or one or more D-amino acids that can be the same or different, Y is a hard acid cation chelator, a soft acid cation chelator or absent, Z is a hard acid cation chelator, a soft acid cation chelator or absent, and A and B are haptens or hard acid cation chelators and can be the same or different, and R4 and R5 are independently selected from the group consisting of hard acid cation chelators, soft acid cation chelators, enzymes, therapeutic agents, diagnostic agents and H. The present invention also provides methods of using these compounds and kits containing the compounds.

Abstract: Inhalation particles incorporating, in an individual particle, a combination of a ?hd 2-agonist and a glucocorticosteroid in a predetermined and constant ratio, a process for the preparation thereof and pharmaceutical compositions comprising the inhalation particles. The particles have a narrow particle size distribution and are preferably in the form of spherical crystalline particles with a rough surface. The particles are particularly useful in the treatment of asthma and other respiratory disorders.

Abstract: Topically applicable, photostable cosmetic/dermatological UV-screening compositions suited for photoprotecting the skin and the hair, comprise (a) at least one UV-screening dibenzoylmethane compound, (b) at least one UV-screening 1,3,5-triazine compound that is photosensitive in the presence of a dibenzoylmethane compound, and (c) a 1,3,5-triazine photostabilizing amount of at least one 4,4-diarylbutadiene compound, formulated into a topically applicable, cosmetically/dermatologically acceptable support therefor; the weight ratio of the 4,4-diarylbutadiene compound(s) to the dibenzoylmethane compound(s) is characteristically greater than 2.5 and the subject compositions are advantageously devoid of any cinnamate sunscreen.

Abstract: A cosmetic water-in-oil composition is provided which includes a water-in-oil emulsifying silicone surfactant, organic sunscreen agent and conjugated linoleic acid. The conjugated linoleic acid functions to moderate shine on facial surfaces to which the organic sunscreen agent formulated composition is topically applied.

Abstract: Polymers containing amino acid and/or polypeptide moieties in their backbones or pendant to their backbones are made by metathesis. A method of making an amino acid or polypeptide containing polymer includes the steps of: providing a amino acid, amino alcohol, or polypeptide-containing monomer; forming a reaction mixture by contacting the monomer with an agent capable of catalyzing the polymerization of the monomer into a polymer; and placing the reaction mixture under conditions that result in the formation of the polymer in reaction mixture.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for promoting tolerogenic immune responses or treating immune responses to food antigens comprise Lactobacillus GG. Oral administration of Lactobacillus GG to patients such as human infants may promote a tolerogenic immune response to antigens in cow's milk.

Abstract: Materials and methods for reducing cell proliferation or extracellular matrix production in a mammal are disclosed. The methods comprise administering to a mammal a composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a zvegf4 antagonist in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable delivery vehicle. Exemplary zvegf4 antagonists include anti-zvegf4 antibodies, inhibitory polynucleotides, inhibitors of zvegf4 activation, and mitogenically inactive, receptor-binding variants of zvegf4. The materials and methods are useful in the treatment of, inter alia, fibroproliferative disorders of the kidney, liver, and bone.

Abstract: Endothelialization of vascular surfaces. According to one aspect, the invention involves a technique for re-endothelializing an artery whose endothelial layer has been damaged by balloon angioplasty. The technique comprises, in one embodiment, introducing into the bloodstream of a patient, prior to performing the angioplasty, a quantity of a bispecific antibody, the bispecific antibody having a first antigen binding site directed against a surface marker common to both endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and endothelial cells (ECs) and having a second antigen binding site directed against a subendothelial epitope. The bispecific antibody is introduced in a quantity sufficient to bind a substantial percentage of circulating EPCs and circulating ECs. In this manner, once the angioplasty has been performed and the target epitopes on the subendothelium have been exposed, the bispecific antibodies that have already become bound to the circulating EPCs and ECs also then bind to the subendothelium.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods of inducing maturation of antigen presenting cells and cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses utilizing agonist anti-CD40 antibodies that do not block the binding of CD40L to CD40.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for prevention and treatment of uncontrolled formation of intravascular fibrin clots are provided wherein fibrinolytic or anticoagulant drugs are biocompatibly coupled to red blood cell carriers.

Abstract: The present invention relates, generally, to a polyvalent immunogen and, more particularly, to a method of inducing neutralizing antibodies against HIV and to a polyvalent immunogen suitable for use in such a method.

Abstract: The invention relates to stabilized antigen compositions of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae and vaccine formulations containing such antigen compositions. Antigens of the invention are effective in providing long-term protection against erysipelas in animals.

Abstract: Methods for treating a non-spasm caused pain by peripheral administration to a patient of a therapeutically effective amount of a neurotoxin, such as a botulinum toxin.

Abstract: The present invention relates to rescue agents for use in the treatments of toxin intoxication—for example botulinum intoxication, which can result from food poisoning, an act of bioterrorism, or from accidental overdose in the course of treatment. In some embodiments, the rescue agents comprise at least one of an inactive botulinum toxin and a modified nontoxic nonhemagglutinin. The present invention also provides for glycosylated active and inactive toxins and methods of using same.

Abstract: Biodegradable and/or bioabsorable fibrous articles and methods for using the articles in medical applications are disclosed. The biodegradable and/or bioabsorable fibrous articles, which are formed by elctrospinning fibers of biodegradable and/or bioabsorbable fiberizable material, comprise a composite (or asymmetric composite) of different biodegradable and/or bioabsorbable fibers. Articles having specific medical uses include an adhesion-reducing barrier and a controlled delivery system. The methods include methods for reducing surgical adhesions, controlled delivery of a medicinal agent and providing controlled tissue healing.

Abstract: Controlled release powder insufflation formulations are disclosed. The powder formulation includes cohesive composites of particles containing a medicament and a controlled release carrier which preferably includes one or more polysaccharide gums of natural origin.

Abstract: The invention is directed in part to oral dosage forms comprising a combination of an orally analgesically effective amount of an opioid agonist and an orally active opioid antagonist, the opioid antagonist being included in a ratio to the opioid agonist to provide a combination product which is analgesically effective when the combination is administered orally, but which is aversive in a physically dependent subject. Preferably, the amount of opioid antagonist included in the combination product provides at least a mildly negative, “aversive” experience in physically dependent addicts (e.g., precipitated abstinence syndrome).

Abstract: The present invention provides storage stable dry powder compositions of IL-4R. The powder compositions demonstrate superior chemical and physical stability over their solution counterparts, particularly upon storage under varying conditions of temperature and humidity. Moreover, the powders, as prepared, possess good aerosol properties, which are maintained upon storage.

Abstract: Pharmaceutical compositions are provided comprising one or more orally deliverable dose units, each comprising a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitory drug of low water solubility in a therapeutically effective amount, wherein the drug is present in the form of solid particle, about 25% to 100% by weight of which are smaller than 1 ?m. The compositions are useful in treatment or prophylaxis of cyclooxygenase-2 mediated conditions and disorders and have particular advantages where rapid onset of therapeutic effect is desired.

Abstract: The present invention encompasses novel mesoporous compositions comprising vitamin E and alumina, and methods for their synthesis. The mesoporous compositions of the present invention have applications as drug-delivery vehicles.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for preparing red ginseng and puffed snack enriched with red ginseng, from raw ginseng or white ginseng, using an extrusion process. The red ginseng and red ginseng powder prepared according to the present invention can be produced at larger amounts within a shorter time period than those of the conventional method for preparing red ginseng. In addition, since the red ginseng and red ginseng powder of the present invention need not to be subjected to an additional powdering step, they may be directly used as a raw material of secondary processed red ginseng products. Furthermore, as the directly puffed snack and indirectly puffed pellet prepared according to the method of present invention contain a high concentration of red ginseng, they may be used for light meals and cocktail appetizers while providing a health promotion effect.

Abstract: The invention provides a novel herbal antidiarrhoeal dosage form for the treatment of functional gastrointestinal disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome and diarrhea. The antidiarroheal herbal formulation comprises the decoction of Cissampelos pareria, Mangifera indica, Cinnamomum sp. and Buchanania lanzan with the conventional additives to form the oral dosage forms, which include syrup, tablets, capsules and powders ready for suspension.

Abstract: An improved food supplement formulation comprises fish oil, peppermint oil, and lipase.

Abstract: The composition of herbal origin in which the active substance is sylimarin, characterized by the fact that, apart from the active substance which in the composition can be present in isolated form or like a component of St. Mary thistle plant, also contains the following components that are in synergic relation with the active substance: Millefolii flos—yarrow flower Taraxaci radix—dandelion root Menthae piperitae folium—peppermint leaf Cardui mariae folium—St. Mary thistle leaf Helichrysi Menyanthes trifoliata folium—buckbean leaf.

Abstract: A method for predicting late fermentation production of diacetyl in a brewing process comprises determining the ratio of FAN (free amino nitrogen content) to sugar (fermentable) to specific gravity in an initial wort composition. In addition there is provided a process for preventing incipient late fermentation production of diacetyl in a brewing process, comprising measuring and variously adjusting the initial FAN, sugar and specific gravity of the wort such that the ratio [ f . sugar ? ( g / L ) ] initial [ FAN ? ( g / L ) ] initial ? [ Gravity ? ( °P ) ] initial , for the adjusted wort has a value of 37 or less.

Abstract: The present invention provides an improved dough product. More specifically, the present invention provides an improved natural or self rising dough product or pizza crust formed by a process that provides: an improved method for manufacturing dough products; an improved method for packaging dough products; and an improved method for storing dough products.

Abstract: The invention relates to a powder for preparation of a probiotic yogurt food. The powder contains probiotic cultures with a prespecified proportion of living probiotic lactic-acid bacteria and a thermogenetic-lipolytic resorption-enhancing agent, in particular pepper extract, to intensify the resorptive processes in the intestine, as well as a capillary-dilating agent, in particular nicotinic acid, to achieve dilation of the capillaries in the intestinal tract.

Abstract: A composition for human or animal consumption for supplying folate which includes a natural isomer of reduced folate, such as (6S)-tetrahydrofolic acid, 5-methyl-(6S)-tetrahydrofolic acid, 5-formyl-(6S)-tetrahydrofolic acid, 10-formyl-(6R)-tetrahydrofolic acid, 5,10-methylene-(6R)-tetrahydrofolic acid, 5,10-methenyl-(6R)-tetrahydrofolic acid, 5-formimino-(6S)-tetrahydrofolic acid, and their polyglutamyl derivatives is disclosed. Such compositions include multivitamin preparations (with or without minerals and other nutrients); breakfast foods such as prepared cereals, toaster pastries and breakfast bars; infant formulas; dietary supplements and complete diet and weight-loss formulas and bars; animal feed (for example pet foods) and animal feed supplements (such as for poultry feed). The amount of the natural isomer of a reduced folate in a composition for human consumption can range between about 5% and about 200% of the daily requirement for folic acid per serving or dose.

Abstract: A food package for sliced food products to be maintained with a fluffed appearance, the package including a rigid base member forming a compartment for receiving the food product and a rigid lid sealed to the compartment. Advantageously, the base member includes a bottom wall and side wall portions that are configured to engage the food product to hold the slices in a fluffed arrangement thereof. Preferably, one or more tapered side wall portions hold the food product upwardly toward the lid and inwardly toward a center of the package. In preferred embodiments, the base member and lid provide a rigid-rigid construction of the food package. In preferred embodiments, the food package is also configured to stand-up in a vertical display orientation and does not require the food product be contained within a sealed pouch within the compartment.