Abstract: External filter for filtering fluids, especially water in aquarium, is composed of a filter container, a filtering packs, a cover unit, an engine unit together with a rotor and a working chamber with a piston unit and a non-return valve. Between the working chamber (22) with the piston unit (17) and the inflow conduits of fluid circulation is situated durably separately fastened, preferably rotationally, the control unit (9) with the controlling element (1) assembled movably towards the control unit (9) having a fluid inflow hole (6), a fluid outflow hole (2) and a hole of pumping cycle (4). Reciprocal position of fluid inflow hole (6) and fluid outflow hole (2) corresponds to the inflow terminal (11) outflow terminal (12) of fluid distribution situated in the control unit (9) and between working chamber (22) and hole of pumping cycle (4) the control valve (3) is situated.

Abstract: The inventions describe a phased activated sludge treatment system that incorporates elements of batch treatment technology into a flow-through treatment process. Control of mixing and aeration systems are independent to facilitate the operation of the main reactor vessel in alternating aerated and anoxic conditions. Conditioning vessels in communication with the main reactor are employed to preferentially control the distribution and balance of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds in the reactor and to remove such biological nutrients concurrently with BOD and TSS in the wastewater. The inventions provide the beneficial results of providing greater operator control of flow-through treatment processes, power saving and reduced operation and maintenance costs in comparison to conventional flow-through treatment technologies.

Abstract: A column for liquid chromatography includes a chamber adapted to receive packing medium. Openings in the chamber allow fluid to pass through it. Porous plugs in the chamber retain the packing medium. A piston and one porous plug are movable within the chamber to compress the packing medium. A fitting engages the piston and is adjustably movable for moving the piston.

Abstract: The present invention provides a separating agent for enantiomeric isomers, which has an excellent ability to identify asymmetry. That is, the present invention relates to a separating agent for enantiomeric isomers which includes as an effective component a polysaccharide derivative having a bicyclic or more structure having an aromatic, alicyclic, or heterocyclic ring.

Abstract: A method of treating animal manure yielding a final liquid fraction and solid fractions whereby the final liquid fraction has a suspended solids (SS) content of about 3g/L or lower comprising subjecting at least a part of said manure to a first biological passive flotation step in a flotation unit having a hydraulic residency time (HRT) of about 4 to about 24 hours with a polymer to yield a first flotation solid fraction and a first flotation liquid fraction, said method comprising a further treatment.

Abstract: The invention relates to a filter element (8), especially for us in backwash filtering systems, which comprises a filtering clement through which a contaminated fluid flows in at least one direction (24). An intercepting device (62) comprises at least one rod-shaped permanent magnet or solenoid (64) that at least partially removes magnetizable, especially ferritic portions from the fluid before the latter flows through the filtering element. A detaching device (68) removes the above-mentioned portions from the intercepting device (62). The detaching device (68) is configured by a stripper ring (70) that travels along the rod-shaped magnet (64) and removes the portions retained by the intercepting device (62). When the filtering element is backwashed, the stripper ring (70), moved by the fluid flow, detaches the portions retained by the intercepting device (62).

Abstract: A device for thickening or dehydrating sludges, sediments from waters or the like, particularly excess sludges in sewage treatment plants, having the following features: a double-start threaded or multiple-start threaded eccentric screw pump having a pump shaft at one end and a suction duct connection for thin sludge at the other end, a drive mechanism coupled to the driving shaft, a feeding means arranged between the eccentric screw pump and the drive mechanism which is driven by the drive mechanism and is arranged in an elongate casing which is extended through by the pump shaft, with a separating device being provided in the form of a cylindrical-shaped screen in the casing to separate the sludge and liquid, a filtrate discharge outlet at the upstream side of the cylindrical-shaped screen and a thickened-sludge discharge outlet at the downstream side of the cylindrical-shaped screen, a flocculant supply device which is connected to the suction duct connection of the eccentric screw pump and/or the area whi

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel adsorbent carbon, water quality purifier, water quality purifying bag and water quality purifying substrate which are floated on the water for a long time when sprayed, and as a result, are in contact with oil (oil film) contained in, particularly, natural waters such as rivers, lakes and the sea, waste water such as effluents from factories, sewage, basins of rain water and are present in a floated state on the water, to thereby remove the oil (oil film) in an efficient manner, and a method of removing an oil film. The adsorbent carbon is formed by using a coconut mesocarp as its raw material and by carrying out heating and carbonizing treatment of the mesocarp.

Abstract: An apparatus for separating fats, oils, and greases (FOGs) and miscible organics that are present in the wastewater from businesses, institutions, and industries such as restaurants, hospitals, and food processing plants. The apparatus can be installed in situ or can be mobile. The apparatus provides for wastewater to flow through a network of fluid channels, for example a distribution pipe, on to an absorption/filtration media within a substantially watertight container. The wastewater percolates through the absorption/filtration media leaving FOGs behind inside the container, which have been absorbed by the organic absorption/filtration media. Fluid, free of the organic waste, flows through a fluid removal pipe at the bottom of the container, thereby exiting the container. The organic absorption/filtration media saturated with organic waste can then be treated in an environmentally sensitive manner by composting, land application, incineration or land filling at a remote site or composted on site.

Abstract: A device for receiving and separating chips and cooling liquid collecting on machine tools. The device may include a transport element that is guided along a filter drum at a radial distance from the latter on guide rails, and cooperating driver elements acting only in the circumferential direction on the filter drum and arranged in each case at a distance from one another are provided on the transport element and on the filter drum.

Abstract: In a liquid filter of the reverse-flow flush-cleaning type, the present invention provides the improvement of mounting the pack of discs (170) intermediate an assembly comprising a seat member (200) and screw-thread split-ring (202).

Abstract: A fuel filter is provided with a filtering element and a resin case housing the element. The case includes a case body formed with upper and lower openings and covers closing the upper end lower openings. The case body is provided with a rib extending vertically therein. The upper and lower covers are welded to upper and lower end of the case body respectively. The element is welded, at upper and lower ends thereof, to the covers. Here, the element has a lateral end part bent in V-shape which is placed so as to overlap the rib. Upper and lower ends of the lateral end part together with upper and lower ends of the rib are welded to the upper and lower covers.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparing a metallic membrane, more particularly to a method for preparing metallic membranes, which comprises dissolving a transition metal of Period 3 and its alloy particle powder and synthetic polymer in a fixed ratio; radiating or casting to prepare a membrane precursor; oxidizing the synthetic polymer on the membrane precursor under a mixed gaseous atmosphere of nitrogen and hydrogen; and sintering the membrane precursor at a predetermined temperature. The metallic membrane prepared by the process of the present invention has excellent mechanical and chemical properties and enables to maintain a relatively small pore size and high porocity than traditional membranes. Therefore, it is useful for water treatment.

Abstract: A system including an apparatus is presented for treatment of biomass that allows successful biomass treatment at a high solids dry weight of biomass in the biomass mixture. The design of the system provides extensive distribution of a reactant by spreading the reactant over the biomass as the reactant is introduced through an injection lance, while the biomass is rotated using baffles. The apparatus system to provide extensive assimilation of the reactant into biomass using baffles to lift and drop the biomass, as well as attrition media which fall onto the biomass, to enhance the treatment process.

Abstract: An electric heating module for heating an air flow, in particular for heating and ventilating seats is provided, having at least one PTC-heating element 8 and at least one heat dissipation area 2 adjacent thereto that allows air to flow therethrough, having heat-conducting ribs 1, which are in an effective connection to the PTC-heating element 8 and combined therewith to form a module. The heat-conducting ribs 1 are formed from strips, which are combined in the area of the PTC-heating element 8 to form at least one packet of strips 3 formed by ribs 1 being in a heat-conducting contact to one another, while they are fanned out in the heat dissipation area 2.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for reversing the dispersion formed in the mixing section of liquid-liquid extraction and kept condensed in the separation section and the separated solutions from the rear end of the separation section to flow back towards the feed end of the separation section as two separate streams. The invention also refers to the extraction equipment for implementing the reversed flow.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention relate methods to control a desalination system comprising evaluating physical models sufficient to identify physical constraints, evaluating economic models and wherein evaluating the physical and economic models provides a preliminary configuration for the desalination system to reduce the cost of water and provide operating strategies.

Abstract: [Problems]To provide a membrane material that realizes effective and efficient separation of a target substance of micron size, being easy to handle and that can be worked into various forms; a blood filtration membrane and a leukocyte removing filter unit that realizes a substantial reduction of filter material volume while retaining high capability of removing leukocytes, thereby reducing the loss of hemocyte suspension; and a cell culturing diaphragm suitable for co-culturing and a relevant method of cell culturing.

Abstract: The invention provides a method, apparatus and system for separating blood and other types of cellular components, and can be combined with holographic optical trapping manipulation or other forms of optical tweezing. One of the exemplary methods includes providing a first flow having a plurality of blood components; providing a second flow; contacting the first flow with the second flow to provide a first separation region; and differentially sedimenting a first blood cellular component of the plurality of blood components into the second flow while concurrently maintaining a second blood cellular component of the plurality of blood components in the first flow. The second flow having the first blood cellular component is then differentially removed from the first flow having the second blood cellular component. Holographic optical traps may also be utilized in conjunction with the various flows to move selected components from one flow to another, as part of or in addition to a separation stage.

Abstract: A hollow fiber membrane module using a sheet-form hollow fiber membrane having excellent cleaning properties in which the pressure resistance of a hollow fiber membrane anchor section does not deteriorate, even when the membrane area increases; a hollow fiber membrane module unit using the module; a membrane filtration device using the unit; and an operation method therefor are provided. The hollow fiber membrane module comprises sheet-form hollow fiber membranes and an anchoring member which anchors the sheet-form hollow fiber membranes in a roughly parallel manner while maintaining in an open state at least one end portion of the sheet-form hollow fiber membranes. The shape of an end face of a side of the anchoring member from which the hollow fiber membranes are exposed is roughly rectangular, and the shape of an end face of a side of the anchoring member toward which the hollow fiber membranes open is roughly circular.

Abstract: A method in which an aqueous water-soluble compound solution containing at least one impurity in a slight amount is passed through a column packed with an adsorbent onto which the impurity is selectively adsorbed to thereby remove the impurity from the aqueous solution, wherein an abnormal phenomenon in adsorption chromatography is caused to obtain an elute fraction having a higher concentration of the trace impurity than the raw solution and this fraction is removed. Thus, the trace impurity can be efficiently removed and the water-soluble compound can be obtained in a high-purity state. Applying this method to aqueous sodium chloride solutions gives sodium chloride crystals reduced in impurity concentration. Dissolving such sodium chloride crystals, which have a low potassium ion concentration, in water provides an aqueous sodium chloride solution for medical use.

Abstract: Wastewater streams from semiconductor processing operations are treated to reduce the concentration therein of one or more metal species to a satisfactory level. The disclosed systems and technique utilize complexing ion exchange media to treat the wastewater streams having a significant concentration of oxidizing species.

Abstract: A method and a device for treating water using an electromagnetic field. The method comprising the steps of subjecting the water to the electromagnetic field generated utilising an inductor coil; and varying a frequency of a driving signal for the inductor coil such that the generated electromagnetic field has a varying frequency.

Abstract: An automatic, self-regulating method of water treatment for use in water circulating towers in which water is evaporated, and make up water is added, with components which synergistically function to cut chemical, energy, water, corrosion, pollution, and maintenance costs, by passing the water through a Water Conditioning unit to prevent adhering evaporation scale deposits along with their content of concentrated biofouling nutrients from forming on the flooded surfaces of the tower and its associated water flow circuit, adding a trace level of iodine to the input make-up water to enhance the further disinfection of nutrient-deprived surfaces from any residual biofilm and chance pathogen contaminations, and adding a trace level addition of zinc ions in the water such as by an assured treatment feeder to the input make-up flow for inhibiting residual iodine-resistant algal and bacterial organisms of hazard for restoring bionutrient tower conditions, such as within sun-lit environments, and apparatus for carryi

Abstract: A composition comprising a stable anhydrous mixture of an oxidizing agent and an active halogen agent wherein the oxidizing agent is potassium hydrogen peroxymonosulfate and the active halogen agent is an alkali metal salt of dichloro-s-triazinetrione, halogenated dimethylhydantoin, or mixtures thereof, and a method of treating water with such compositions are disclosed.

Abstract: Biological waste materials are mixed with water and subjected to intense ultrasonic irradiation (14), before being supplied to an anaerobic digester (16), so that a biogas is generated which contains methane. The biogas is supplied to a catalytic reformer unit (20) to form a synthesis gas; steam may also be supplied, and the proportion of steam to methane is adjustable so that the synthesis gas may be rich in hydrogen or alternatively rich in carbon monoxide. Adjusting the proportion of steam to biogas enables the output of the process to be adjusted according to market conditions. If the synthesis gas is rich in hydrogen, it may be supplied to a fuel cell (26) to generate electricity, while if it is rich in carbon monoxide, it may be used to generate liquid hydrocarbons in a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reactor (32).

Abstract: This invention relates to ultra violet water purification and, more particularly, to a simplified system wherein the output and the effects of the ultra violet lamp is maximized in both irradiating power and duration while the water dwells under the direct rays of the lamps full force, all the while operating without maintenance of any kind.

Abstract: To provide a small thin piece holder which can reduce damage due to contact with an adhesive and bend or damage generated in detachment, and can stably, detachably hold or carry only one part of a small thin piece, a sheet shaped member having elasticity is provided with a cut into which one part of a small thin piece can be detachably inserted and which can hold it.

Abstract: A bicycle support rack to suspend bicycles from a garage or other structure ceiling and including an electric powered winch with means to secure the winch to the ceiling, a support frame arranged to be raised to the ceiling with the winch and pressed against the ceiling by a lift frame having hooks thereon for attachment of bicycles to be suspended and control means to operate the winch to raise and lower the lift frame while said lift frame is connected to and suspended beneath the secured support frame.

Abstract: A wafer cassette for consolidation in process of high temperature baking is provided. The wafer cassette includes one front end member, two sidewall plates, one back end member, a plurality of fixture slots, two resilient sheets and two supporting rods. By using this wafer cassette in high temperature baking process, the chance of having the wafer damage is minimized.

Abstract: An alignment system and method is embodied in a device including a frame having an axle connected thereto. Fingers rotatably coupled to the axle independently rotate thereabout. A substantially horizontal foot plate affixed to the frame prevents the device from turning over. When an object is inserted into the alignment system corresponding fingers are moved toward a substantially vertical position. When the object is removed gravity causes the corresponding fingers to return to an extended position to restrict the movement of adjacent objects into the unoccupied space and preserve the unoccupied space for return of the object. The objects remaining in the alignment system are held in an upright manner. Such retention of objects in an upright manner preserves the integrity of delicate objects such as rare books and reduces the tendency of objects to fall in the event of a ground shock.

Abstract: Apparatus for holding and feeding product includes a) a tray having a front end, b) a sidewall clip, carried by a first extremity of a sidewall, attached to the front end of the tray, c) a paddle clip attached to the front end of the tray, d) a third elongate abutment clip, carried by an abutment, attached to the first and paddle clips, e) a paddle mounted to the tray for reciprocal movement in opposition to the abutment, and f) a spring coupling the paddle clip to the paddle and biasing the paddle toward the abutment.

Abstract: Shelves or trays for displaying merchandise are mounted on spaced-apart suspension strands depending from overhead ceiling structures. The trays are attached to the suspension strands with brackets which have tabs supported in apertures in the suspension strands and mechanical attachments which secure the tray to the bracket. The mechanical attachments are adjustable to accommodate orientation of the tray to permit gravity flow of merchandise forward or rearward in the tray. Promotional graphic displays may also be supported on the suspension strands.

Abstract: A net for sport practice is provided having one or more apertures therein, the apertures being advantageously sized and shaped for passage of a ball or other object thrown or launched therethrough, in order to promote conditioning of the player's aim at a goal, and delivery into a court plane. A specially adapted frame may be employed for supporting the net; however, the net is preferably strung between existing standards, to minimize weight and maximize portability and ease of use. A backstop having inside rebound surfaces may be attached to the frame, for returning the object to the player.

Abstract: A product storage and display structure includes uprights, at least one shelf, and at least one shelf ledge. The shelf ledge includes first and second opposite ends, each end adapted to be removably coupled to an upright of the product storage and display structure. A barrier portion extends upwardly from the base portion, wherein when the base portion is coupled to the uprights, the barrier portion extends to a location proximate and at a higher elevation than the shelf of the product storage and display structure.

Abstract: The invention enables the routine remote deployment of multi-function sensors from unmanned air ground platforms, such that a special assembly containing one sensor can be mounted and operated by remote control. The invention includes a circular frame with attached legs to grip the sensor during transport and recovery. The legs are stabilized (locked open or shut) by means of a threaded metal band/wire being retracted by means of a gear assembly pulling the threaded band and removing all slack. The legs' rotating point (fulcrum) is located between the circular frame and the top of the leg. The metal band is located nearer to the bottom of the legs and when it (band) is tightened, the legs are squeezed together sufficiently enough to grip the sensor inside their perimeter.

Abstract: A diagonally divided bottle is disclosed, wherein the bottle includes at least two bottle sections separately formed, each bottle section including a bottom wall and outer wall extending therefrom defining a chamber. At least one portion of the outer wall of each bottle section has a portion adapted to mate with the portion of another bottle section. The mated portions of the bottle sections form at least one common wall. The common wall is arranged at an angle diagonal to a plane tangential to a front of the bottle such that products contained in the chambers of the bottle sections are simultaneously viewed when the diagonally divided bottle is observed from a front.

Abstract: This invention relates to drinking vessels and in particular a cup, generally indicated at (10), comprising an inner liquid reservoir (11) and an outer splayed wall (12). The angle X between the reservoir (11) and the wall (12) is about 3°. The splayed out wall defines an enlarged based foot print, which both makes the cup stable and contributes to the ability of the cup to restore itself to a vertical position from a significantly titled position.

Abstract: A wafer-scale apparatus and method is described for the automation of forming, aligning and attaching two-dimensional arrays of microoptic elements on semiconductor and other image display devices, backplanes, optoelectronic boards, and integrated optical systems. In an ordered fabrication sequence, a mold plate comprised of optically designed cavities is formed by reactive ion etching or alternative processes, optionally coated with a release material layer and filled with optically specified materials by an automated fluid-injection and defect-inspection subsystem. Optical alignment fiducials guide the disclosed transfer and attachment processes to achieve specified tolerances between the microoptic elements and corresponding optoelectronic devices and circuits.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a printhead is provided in which sacrificial material is deposited on a drive circuitry substrate and etched to define first zones, thermally expandable material is deposited on the first zones and etched with the substrate to define second zones, conductive material is deposited on the second zones and etched to define heating circuitry and connections between the heating and drive circuitry, thermally expandable material is deposited to embed the heating circuitry in the thermally expandable materials and etched to define thermally expandable actuator arms and closure members, chamber material is deposited and etched to form nozzle chambers having inkjet ports and associated actuator arms and closure members, the sacrificial material is etched so that each actuator arm has ends connected between the substrate and the associated closure member, and the substrate is etched to form ink supply channels for supply of ink under pulsed pressure.

Abstract: A wood treating formulation is provided wherein the formulation is a mixture of a first solution containing styrene and a second solution containing furfuryl alcohol. A process for producing a wood treating formulation wherein the formulation is prepared by combining a first solution containing styrene and a second solution containing furfuryl alcohol is also provided.

Abstract: An etchant composition, and methods of patterning a conductive layer and manufacturing a flat panel display device using the same are provided. The etchant composition may include phosphoric acid, nitric acid, acetic acid, water and an additive, wherein the additive includes a chlorine-based compound, a nitrate-based compound, and an oxidation regulator. In addition, the flat panel display device may be manufactured by patterning a gate electrode, source/drain electrodes and a pixel electrode using the same etchant composition. The gate electrode, source/drain electrodes and the pixel electrode may be formed of different conductive materials. Accordingly, processes are simplified so that manufacturing costs may be reduced and productivity may be improved.

Abstract: The invention relates to a gas for removing deposits by a gas-solid reaction. This gas includes a hypofluorite that is defined as being a compound having at least one OF group in the molecule. Various deposits can be removed by the gas, and the gas can easily be made unharmful on the global environment after the removal of the deposits, due to the use of a hypofluorite. The gas may be a cleaning gas for cleaning, for example, the inside of an apparatus for producing semiconductor devices. This cleaning gas comprises 1-100 volume % of the hypofluorite. Alternatively, the gas of the invention may be an etching gas for removing an unwanted portion of a film deposited on a substrate. The unwanted portion can be removed by this etching gas as precisely as originally designed, due to the use of a hypofluorite. The invention further relates to a method for removing a deposit by the gas.

Abstract: A workpiece is processed on a workpiece support pedestal in a plasma reactor chamber in accordance with user-selected values of plural plasma parameters of a group comprising ion density, wafer voltage, etch rate, wafer current, by controlling the chamber parameters of source power and bias power. The method includes the following steps: (a.) for each one of the plural plasma parameters, fetching from a memory a relevant surface of constant value corresponding to the user-selected value of the one plasma parameter, the surface being defined in a space of which each of the chamber parameters is a dimension, and determining an intersection of the relevant surfaces, the intersection corresponding to a target value of source power and bias power; and (b.) setting the source power and bias power, respectively, to the target values.

Abstract: The invention includes a method of processing a substrate. A substrate is provided within a high-density plasma reactor. A low-density plasma is generated and the substrate is plasma etched under low-density plasma conditions. The invention includes a method of forming a gate stack. A substrate having a plurality of layers is provided. A layer of nitride material is formed over the plurality of layers. The substrate is positioned within a high-density plasma reactor and a composition is flowed into the reactor while maintaining a mass flow within the reactor of at least 200 sccm. A plasma is generated and utilized to etch the nitride material. The invention includes a method of forming a plurality of features over a semiconductive wafer. A layer of nitride material is provided over a wafer surface. The nitride material is etched within a high-density plasma reactor utilizing low-density plasma conditions.

Abstract: When etching is performed with respect to a silicon-containing material by using a dry etching apparatus having a dual power source, the application of bias power is initiated before oxidization proceeds at a surface of the silicon-containing material. Specifically, the application of the bias power is initiated before the application of source power is initiated. Alternatively, the source power and the bias power are applied such that the effective value of the source power reaches a second predetermined value after the effective value of the bias power reaches a first predetermined value.

Abstract: A polishing technique wherein scratches, peeling, dishing and erosion are suppressed, a complex cleaning process and slurry supply/processing equipment are not required, and the cost of consumable items such as slurries and polishing pads is reduced. A metal film formed on an insulating film comprising a groove is polished with a polishing solution containing an oxidizer and a substance which renders oxides water-soluble, but not containing a polishing abrasive.

Abstract: A contact welding detecting device includes: a relay including a first contact for permitting and breaking transmission of a first DC input potential to a first output and a second contact for permitting and breaking transmission of a second DC input potential; a relay open/close control unit that simultaneously controls to open and close the first and second contacts when welding of at least one of the first and second contacts is detected; a first potential difference detection unit that detects a potential difference between a first point at an input side of the first contact and a second point at an output side of the second contact; and a second potential difference detection unit that detects a potential difference between a third point at an output side of the first contact and a fourth point at an input side of the second contact.

Abstract: Electroerosion system (10) for the production of a cavity (22) or a shaped hole in an element (20) to be processed, the system (10) comprises a tank (12) containing a dielectric fluid (14) and an electrode (16) connected to an electric power supply system (18) to supply a high voltage to the electrode (16) and to produce a series of electric discharges on the element (20) which is immersed together with the electrode (16) in the dielectric fluid (14), in order to obtain a surface erosion thereof, forming the cavity (22), the system (10) comprises ultrasonic vibration means (30) capable of transmitting a series of ultrasonic waves at a varying frequency to the dielectric fluid (14).

Abstract: A welding method and apparatus are disclosed wherein a plurality of stacks of metal sheets are clamped together in sequence at a welding site between a pair of electrode caps across which welding current is supplied to spot weld together the sheets in each of the stacks in a series of welding operations in a production run. The electrode caps are pressed against the sheets in each of the stacks when each of the stacks is at the welding site with an applied force that includes a closing force to clamp the sheets together in a surface-to-surface interface fit plus a predetermined interjoint force that is increased progressively throughout the production run.