Abstract: A communication cable includes a separator prepared in the cable for preventing alien crosstalk, and at least one spacer integrally formed with the separator at a side of the separator contacting with an outside jacket. The spacer forms a protrusion protruded out on the cable, and this protrusion makes the transmission wires in the cable be spaced apart from adjacent cables. Thus, alien crosstalk generated due to proximity of other cables during high frequency signal transmission may be prevented.

Abstract: A separator for a communication cable includes a plurality of barriers formed in a radial direction so that at least two pair units, in each of which at least two insulation-coated wires are spirally twisted, are received in spaces formed by the barriers one by one so as to separate the pair units from each other. At least one of the barriers has a relatively greater thickness than the other barriers. Thus, a communication cable having the separator may prevent PSNEXT (Power Sum Near and Crosstalk) caused by interference between adjacent wires when a high frequency signal is transmitted through the wires.

Abstract: Cables including a plurality of twisted pairs of insulated conductors and a jacket surrounding the plurality of twisted pairs of insulated conductors, the jacket including a plurality of protrusions extending away from an inner circumferential surface of the jacket toward a center of the cable. The plurality of protrusions are configured so as to hold the plurality of twisted pairs away from the inner circumferential surface of the jacket, and may provide an air gap between the plurality of twisted pairs of insulated conductors and the inner circumferential surface of the jacket, thereby reducing susceptibility of the plurality of twisted pairs to alien near end crosstalk.

Abstract: A protective jacket cover for keyless remotes includes a hollow body formed of a semi-flexible, resiliently deformable sheet material having a front wall, rear wall, side walls, base wall and top wall and at least one button access opening formed on the front wall. A transverse slit is formed in the base wall of the body which extends across a substantial part of the base wall generally parallel with the front wall, the transverse slit being expandable and distendable to permit insertion of a keyless remote into the body of the protective jacket cover. An outwardly extending key ring engagement structure is mounted on the top wall which includes top and bottom key ring holes to engage and cover the key ring hole and key ring mounting portion of a keyless remote whereby additional securement for the protective jacket cover on a keyless remote is provided.

Abstract: An electronic package is provided having a circuit board including a substrate electrical circuitry including circuit traces and first and second contacts for connecting to surface mount device(s). The first and second contacts each have multiple components including first and second pads. The first pad is separate from the second pad to allow for low cost and easy testing of the electrical circuit.

Abstract: A circuit board and a circuit apparatus using the same are provided, which have an improved heat radiation capability near through holes piercing through its metal substrate so as to address a requirement as to heat radiation capability. The circuit apparatus has the circuit board in which a metal substrate having pierced holes is formed as a core member. Protrusions are formed at the top ends of the pierced holes, and round corners are formed at the bottom ends of the same. Insulating layers are formed on both sides of the metal substrate, and wiring pattern layers are formed on the respective insulating layers. The insulator formed on one side of the metal substrate and the insulator formed on the other side of the metal substrate are extended to inside the pierced holes. The joining surface between the extended portions is shifted off the center position of the metal substrate in the thickness direction, toward the same side as where the protrusions are formed.

Abstract: A printed circuit board includes improved via for improving signal integrity. The printed circuit board includes a first layer, a second layer, a third layer and a via. The via includes a drill hole, a first pad and a second pad. The first pad is defined in the first layer, and the second pad is defined in the second layer. The drill hole is transversely defined through the first layer and the second layer. A void is defined in the third layer corresponding to the second pad. The PCB attenuates signal reflection when the signal is transmitted through the via improving signal integrity.

Abstract: Stand-alone conformal coverings for electronic devices and methods of making and using such coverings.

Abstract: An electrical connector for electrical devices such as heating panels, antennas, or the like that are provided on glass panes on motor vehicles, having at least one soldering area to be soldered onto the glass pane and having a connector area joined electrically conducting thereto, characterized in that provided is a housing that receives the soldering area and that has a lower part that is at least partially open and that is positioned against the glass pane and which housing has a cover for exteriorly closing the lower part, in that the latter has a circumferential lower and a circumferential exterior upper edge, in that provided respectively on the lower and on the upper edges are a lower and an upper water-tight double-sided adhesive tape, each having a lower or upper protective film on the side of the adhesive tape that is open to the outside, in that the connector area leads water-tight out of the housing and the thus electrically conducting joined soldering area is embodied as a solder depot that proje

Abstract: A tubular cable seal member of elastomeric material has at least one axial slit for allowing the seal member to be installed transversely over a cable. The seal member is installed in an annular seating cavity in a housing which encloses at least part of the cable, and is squeezed between opposing surfaces of the cavity and cable to provide a sealing pressure. At the same time, opposing surfaces of the axial slit are squeezed together with the same sealing pressure. The housing may be a clamshell-like, two part housing and may have an internal chamber extending between two cable seal members which provide a seal between opposite end ports and the cable at opposite ends of the chamber. Side runner face seals extend between the cable seal members along opposite sides of the chamber to seal the chamber when the housing parts are closed together.

Abstract: This disclosure is directed to electrical connectors that include a connector body having an inlet end portion and an outlet end portion and a bore extending therethrough, wherein the outlet end portion is provided with an outer surface that slopes downwardly toward the outlet opening and having a complementary sloping or frustro-conical retaining ring having locking tangs and grounding tangs for snap locking the outlet end portion to an electric box or enclosure, and a wire retainer fitted to the inlet end portion for receiving and securing a wire conductor thereto. The connector body may take several forms including a form wherein the inlet opening is angularly disposed relative to the outlet opening, with the inlet opening being formed to be press fitted onto a flexible conduit.

Abstract: A rotary coring device and a method for acquiring a sidewall core from an earth formation adjacent a wellbore are provided. The rotary coring device includes a coring tool having a housing with a core receptacle therein and being adapted for positioning at selected depths within the wellbore. The coring tool further includes a first gear assembly operably coupled to a rotary coring bit. The first gear assembly is configured to rotate the rotary coring bit. The rotary coring device further includes an electrical motor configured to drive the first gear assembly for rotating the rotary coring bit at one of a plurality of rotational speeds. The rotary coring device further includes a hydraulic actuator configured to move the rotary coring bit in a first direction toward the earth formation for obtaining the sidewall core and to move the rotary coring bit in a second direction away from the earth formation.

Abstract: Methods and control systems are provided for a wellbore drilling system having an active differential pressure device (APD device) in fluid communication with a returning fluid. The APD Device creates a differential pressure across the device, which reduces the pressure below or downhole of the device. In embodiments, a control unit controls the APD Device in real time via a data transmission system. In one arrangement, the data transmission system includes data links formed by conductors associated with the drill string. The conductors, which may include electrical wires and/or fiber optic bundles, couple the control unit to the APD Device and other downhole tools such as sensors. In other arrangements, the data link can include data transmission stations that use acoustic, EM, and/or RF signals to transfer data. In still other embodiments, a mud pulse telemetry system can be used in transfer data and command signals.

Abstract: Drill stem elements and connections are shown with advantages such as being mechanically robust. The absence of a side access window in a sonde housing is one design feature that provides robust mechanical properties. Further advantages of sonde housings include being easy to disassemble for access to the sonde unit, or for insertion of the sonde unit. In one embodiment, a cap portion is easily secured or removed using a small allen wrench, or a hammer and a punch. The cap portion is not substantially affected or tightened by rotation of the drill stem during a drilling operation. A further advantage includes the ability to remove cap portions and pull back flexible product such as polyethylene pipe from a small exit pit.

Abstract: A seal assembly for an earth boring bit uses a magnet to provide a desired contact force. The seal is located between a rotating cone and a stationary bearing pin of the drill bit. The seal has a non rotating metal face that is in sliding engagement with a seal face in the cone that rotates with the cone. The non rotating seal face is provided by a carrier ring that encircles the bearing pin. A magnet is mounted to the carrier ring to provide an attraction force maintaining the carrier ring in contact with the rotating seal face in the cone. An elastomeric seal ring seals between the carrier ring and the bearing pin to prevent rotation of the carrier ring.

Abstract: The invention provides a drill bit for a down-the-hole drill hammer. The bit has a head at its forward end with a shank extending from the head. The shank is screw threaded along its length. A reciprocating chuck is provided as a sleeve with internal screw threads corresponding to those of the shank. The shank is releasably secured in the chuck with the rear end of the shank providing a striking face. An arrangement of external splines on the chuck, and a retaining shoulder at its rear end, provide for the required guided movement of the chuck within a drill hammer wear sleeve. The bit is simple to machine with screw threads replacing the usual splines and other structural features ordinarily required on this component. These features are instead provided on the chuck and in the wear sleeve.

Abstract: A handheld apparatus for measuring fish, game, and the like is provided and includes a scale, a camera, and a length measuring device. The scale includes a support member that extends outwardly from the apparatus housing, and a display that is visible through the housing. The support member is configured to suspend an object therefrom for weighing via the scale, and the display is configured to display the weight of an object suspended from the support member. The length measurement device is configured to measure the length of an object and the display is configured to display the length of an object measured by the length measurement device. The camera includes a lens, an image sensor configured to capture images obtained via the lens, and a camera display. The camera display displays an image of an object taken by the camera with weight and/or length information for the object.

Abstract: A portable scale that allows travelers to calculate the weight of their luggage and compare the weight against weight limits that are imposed by common carriers. The scale includes circuitry for calculating weight and a memory for storing weight limits. Weight and other information is shown to the user via a display screen. In the preferred embodiment, the scale includes a hook and handle that facilitate weighing suitcases and other objects. The preferred embodiment also includes a digital measuring tape that allows the traveler to check the size of his luggage against size restrictions imposed by common carriers. The scale can also be incorporated into a portable weighing mat, which allows weight to be determined simple by placing the object on the mat. The scale can also be incorporated into the handle of a suitcase wherein the weight of the suitcase is calculated when the suitcase is lifted by its handle.

Abstract: A surface vehicle capable of overcoming obstacles is disclosed in which the vehicle accelerates vertically while having a horizontal velocity. The vehicle has a frame and at least three wheels attached to the frame to which a horizontal propulsion system is coupled. Further, a vertical propulsion system is coupled to the frame and the wheels. The vertical propulsion system is capable of providing a force to such wheels normal to the surface so that the vehicle separates from the surface. The vehicle has an electronic control unit coupled to the vertical propulsion system to automatically control its operation.

Abstract: Children's ride-on vehicles having charge indicator assemblies that are adapted to provide at least a visual indication of the state of charge of the ride-on's battery assembly. The vehicles are reduced-scale vehicles, often formed substantially from molded plastic, that are sized for use by children and which include battery-powered motor assemblies. The vehicles include a charge indicator assembly that is adapted to selectively assess an input voltage from the battery assembly and provide an output representative of the relative state of charge of the battery assembly. In some embodiments, the charge indicator assembly includes a charge indicator module that is mounted on the vehicle's body, optionally in a position to be accessed by a child operating the ride-on, and which includes a button or other actuator adapted to cause the charge indicator assembly to assess the state of charge of the battery assembly.

Abstract: A scooter has a frame including a footrest, the footrest having a front edge. Two or more ground engaging rear wheels are connected to the frame and configured to support the frame. A ground engaging front wheel is connected to the frame and mounted for rotation about a vertical axis so that the front wheel is a steerable wheel, the front wheel having a center line. The center line of the front wheel is positioned rearward of the front edge of the footrest and forward of the rear wheels. A drive motor is connected to either the front wheel or the rear wheels, the drive motor being configured to drive the scooter. A steering mechanism is connected to the front wheel and configured to steer the front wheel.

Abstract: A battery arrangement structure for a vehicle that concentrates a mass of a vehicle body while effectively making use of a space in the vehicle body. The engine of the vehicle is mounted on a vehicle body frame, an intake device which includes a throttle body is connected to the engine, and a battery is arranged inside a pair of left and right upper frames which constitute the vehicle body frames. The throttle body is arranged on either one of left and right sides with respect to a vehicle body center line which extends in the longitudinal direction of a vehicle body, and the battery is arranged on another side with respect to the vehicle body center line.

Abstract: The present invention provides a countermeasure to cope with heat to an occupant and enhances the maintenance property. In a vehicle that supports an engine on a vehicle body frame, an engine oil supply pipe and an oil level gauge are mounted on the engine wherein the engine is arranged below at least one seat. The at least one seat is detachably mounted on the vehicle body frame, to be more specific, the seat frame member with an inner cover being arranged between the seats. A maintenance lid for allowing maintenance of the engine oil supply pipe and the oil level gauge is formed on the inner cover with the inner cover being detachably mounted on the vehicle body frame.

Abstract: A refueling operation of an all terrain vehicle can be enhanced, even when a fuel tank is arranged below a seat, without changing an entire length of the vehicle. A fuel tank is arranged below a seat. A seat concave portion with a substantially concave shape when viewed from the top is formed in the seat. A fuel filler of the fuel tank is arranged in the seat concave portion to be seen from the top. It becomes possible to perform refueling from the fuel filler without detaching the seat. Also, an overlap between the seat and the fuel filler when viewed from above is avoided, with a reduction in a seating area of the seat minimized.

Abstract: A system for controlling movement of a personal mobility vehicle near a restricted region is disclosed. In one embodiment, the system includes a detector that is configured to be disposed on the personal mobility vehicle and that is configured to receive an electromagnetic signal transmitted to the restricted region. The system also includes a control unit configured to communicate with the detector. The control unit is further configured to determine proximity of the detector to the restricted region using information related to the signal received by the detector. The control unit is also configured to provide a command to inhibit movement of the personal mobility vehicle in response to the determined proximity of the vehicle to the restricted region.

Abstract: A system for controlling movement of a personal mobility vehicle near a restricted region is disclosed. In one embodiment, the system includes a detector that is configured to be disposed on the personal mobility vehicle and that is configured to receive an electromagnetic signal transmitted to the restricted region. The system also includes a control unit configured to communicate with the detector. The control unit is further configured to determine proximity of the detector to the restricted region using information related to the signal received by the detector. The control unit is also configured to provide a command to inhibit movement of the personal mobility vehicle in response to the determined proximity of the vehicle to the restricted region.

Abstract: Disclosed is a three-wheeled vehicle with centrally positioned motor and driver's seat. An exemplary embodiment has a frame for supporting a driver and a multitude of mechanical devices. A pair of steerable front wheels are rotatably affixed to the front portion of the frame. A rear wheel is rotatably affixed along the frame's centerline in the rear portion. A motor is affixed to the frame's centerline. The driver's seat is also affixed to the frame's centerline behind the motor and ahead of the rear wheel, so the driver sitting in the driver seat is in both a recumbent and straddle position.

Abstract: A personal mobility vehicle includes a frame, a ground engaging front wheel connected to the frame and mounted for rotation about a substantially, vertical axis so the front wheel is a steerable wheel, and a drive motor connected to either the front wheel or the rear wheels, the drive motor being configured to drive the scooter. Two or more ground engaging rear wheels are connected to the frame and configured to support the frame. A tiller assembly is connected to the frame and configured to allow the vehicle user to steer the front wheel. A steering hub is connected to the frame and configured to rotatably support the tiller assembly, wherein the steering hub is forward of and spaced apart from the front wheel.

Abstract: A personal mobility vehicle has a frame, a ground engaging front wheel connected to the frame and configured to simultaneously drive and steer the personal mobility vehicle, a drive motor connected to the front wheel and configured to drive the front wheel, a steering mechanism connected to the front wheel and configured to steer the front wheel, and a rear suspension including two or more ground engaging rear wheels mounted to support the frame. One or more rear anti-tip wheels are mounted to support the frame. A mechanism for distributing some of the weight of the vehicle away from the rear wheels and onto the rear anti-tip wheels is provided, thereby retarding the unloading of weight from the front wheel.

Abstract: To provide a rear wheel fender structure for motorcycles, which can be molded with a simplified and inexpensive mold assembly even where the rear wheel finder is so designed and so structured as to permit component parts to be fitted thereto and as to block the splashing of water and/or mud, the rear wheel fender structure 27 is positioned above the motorcycle rear wheel 14 and includes an upper fender 39 and a lower fender 40 secured to a bottom region of the upper fender 39. An adiabatic space 99 is preferably formed between the upper fender 39 and the lower fender 40.

Abstract: A rear wheel suspension system for a motorcycle has a swing arm with a pivot axis at a forward end and a wheel axis at a rear end. A wheel axle is slide mounted in a direction of travel substantially parallel to the motorcycle fork. A pair of springs mounted within the swing arm biases the wheel axle in forward neutral position and pulls the wheel axle to forward neutral position when the wheel is forced backward.

Abstract: An engine support bracket for a motorcycle is formed as an L-shaped channel member that is horizontally mounted on a vehicle body frame. Mounting portions of an engine are mounted on the L-shaped channel member and are fastened to the L-shaped channel member using a bolt. With this arrangement, assembling of the engine onto the vehicle body frame can be completed with a simple operation, and hence, the operability in assembling the engine is enhanced. Further, as parts for connecting the engine to the vehicle body frame, only the L-shaped channel member need be provided. Thus, the number of parts is decreased thus also providing a simple structure. Further, a head of the bolt and a nut, which fix the engine to the vehicle body frame, do not appear on a side surface of the mounting portions of the engine. Hence, the appearance of the motorcycle is enhanced.

Abstract: A device for activating an actuator system for protecting a pedestrian is provided, the device being connected to an environment sensor system and a contact sensor system. The device compares a first signal from the contact sensor system to a threshold. The threshold or the first signal is changed as a function of a second signal of the environment sensor system and the actuator system is activated as a function of the comparison.

Abstract: A collision detecting system is provided to detect a collision of a vehicle based on a pressure variation in a substantially closed space which is arranged at a periphery portion of the vehicle. The collision detecting system has a sensing unit which detects a pressure in the space. The sensing unit is arranged at the vehicle in such a manner that a detection direction of the sensing unit is slanted with respect to the direction of an impact on the vehicle due to the collision. Therefore, the vehicle vibration excited by the impact can be restricted from influencing the detection result of the pressure in the space by the sensing unit, thus improving the detection of the vehicle collision.

Abstract: In a vehicle of a type which does not bank a vehicle body at the time of turning, an inclination angle sensor is provided which receives the least influence of a centrifugal force at the time of turning. In a four-wheeled buggy that includes a vehicle body frame, four longitudinal wheels including front wheels and rear wheels are provided together with an engine, a fuel tank and a fuel pump. A steering shaft is connected to a steering handle with an inclination angle sensor arranged above a seat and being positioned in front of the steering shaft. Accordingly, the inclination angle sensor is hardly influenced by a centrifugal force at the time of turning.

Abstract: The present invention shortens an intake duct while enabling an intake of cleaner air into the inside of an air cleaner. In a vehicle in which vehicle body mounting parts such as an engine, an air cleaner and the like are supported on a vehicle body frame, a cabin is formed by mounting a pair of left and right seats on the vehicle body frame with the engine being arranged below the seats. An air cleaner is arranged behind the engine with an intake duct for sucking outside air being connected to the air cleaner. The intake duct extends frontwardly from the air cleaner while avoiding a cylinder portion of the engine with a distal end portion thereof being opened in a cabin side adjacent to the at least one seat.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine 1 in which the compression ratio can be varied by moving a cylinder block and a crankcase along the axial direction of the cylinder is mounted on a vehicle body member 29 by at least two portions including a first mount portion 32 provided on a transmission apparatus to and a second mount portion 31 provided on the internal combustion engine 1, wherein said second mount portion 31 is provided on the crankcase 4. The first mount portion 32 and the second mount portion 31 are arranged in such a way that the direction of a rotation moment TD about the output shaft RC1 of the transmission apparatus acting on the internal combustion engine 1 upon combustion becomes opposite to the direction of a rotation moment M1 about the output shaft RC1 generated by a force acting on a cylinder block 3 upon changing the compression ratio.

Abstract: This invention provides an oil-hydraulic vehicle whose driving force can be adjusted finely and which can be run smoothly and comfortably. The oil-hydraulic vehicle comprises a wheel-driving means 40 for driving a wheel 31, which includes an oil-hydraulic motor 45 to drive the wheel 31 and a means 41 for controlling the rotational frequency of the oil-hydraulic motor 45. The oil-hydraulic motor 45 includes an output shaft 45s on which the wheel 31 is mounted and a plurality of oil chambers 45a-45e. Each oil chamber contains (i) a driving cogwheel 46 which is mounted on, and drives, the output shaft 45s and (ii) a driven cogwheel 47 which engages with the driving cogwheel 46. The means 41 for controlling the rotational frequency of the oil-hydraulic motor 45 includes a housing 42 with a circular rotor chamber 42h in it and a rotor 43 fitted in the circular rotor chamber 42h for free rotation.

Abstract: Disclosed is a hydraulic system for utility vehicles, in particular agricultural tractors, for supplying primary and/or auxiliary pressure medium consumers (6, 11, 12) with pressure medium, comprising a pump (1), sucking from a pressure medium tank (3), the pump being controlled as a function of the load pressure of the pressure medium consumers and supplying a pump pressure exceeding the load pressure by a predetermined control pressure differential. In order to produce a first control pressure differential for operating a primary pressure medium consumer (6) its load pressure acts upon a pressure and flow controller (13) of the pump and in order to produce a second higher control pressure differential for operating an auxiliary pressure medium consumer (11, 12) a pressure exceeding their load pressure is produced by means of an amplifying circuit (29).

Abstract: A vibration adjustment of a drive assembly is achieved by way of a pivoted mount about a longitudinal vehicle axis of an articulated column. An exhaust system with exhaust mufflers and catalytic converters is used to shift a total powertrain vibration to a lower engine speed, and a significantly improved vibrational behavior can be achieved at idle speed.

Abstract: A mounting portion structure of a propeller shaft center bearing in a Rear-Wheel Drive (RWD) vehicle where the engine power is transmitted to the rear wheels by using the propeller shaft includes a tunnel formed at the center of a center floor panel along the longitudinal direction of the vehicle. A mounting bracket is equipped at the tunnel and is mounted with the center bearing. A pocket groove is formed at the mounting bracket for rendering a closed box with the tunnel, and a pipe nut is equipped at the pocket groove.

Abstract: A torque control element for a steering system in a motor vehicle, and such a steering system are provided. The torque control element includes at least two electrical units, each of the electrical units being assigned a separate power supply unit, connected via at least one fuse.

Abstract: A turning device that can be combined with a suspension mechanism without requiring significant modification to existing suspension mechanisms, and that provides a compact design when combined with a suspension mechanism. In a turning device according to the present invention, a main device unit, containing a turning motor and a differential speed reducer, and a turning output member that rotates relative to the main device unit are positioned roughly co-axially with a kingpin shaft. This makes it possible to reduce the amount by which the turning device projects in the direction perpendicular to the kingpin shaft. As a result, compared to conventional technologies, the turning device can be combined without significantly modifying the structure of an existing double wishbone suspension mechanism, and the overall structure that combines the double wishbone suspension mechanism and the turning device can be made compact.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electric power steering apparatus, in which reduction and thickness thereof can be achieved, radiation performance thereof can concurrently be ensured, and manufacturing and running costs thereof can also be reduced, even when the apparatus includes a structure having a motor and a motor control device integrated therewith. The apparatus includes a motor which assists in steering operations, a motor control device which controls the motor, and a housing which accommodates the motor and the motor control device. The housing includes a motor accommodation portion which accommodates the motor, and a control device accommodation portion which accommodates the motor control device. The motor control device includes a drive unit which drives the motor, and a control unit which controls the motor. The drive unit is disposed in a position in the control device accommodation portion, the position being in proximity to the motor accommodation portion.

Abstract: An example apparatus for generating acoustic waves is disclosed. The example apparatus includes a housing, and at least one plate having a moment arm, wherein each plate couples to the housing. The example apparatus for generating acoustic also includes at least one axial driver coupled to each moment arm, wherein each axial driver aligns with a longitudinal axis of the housing.

Abstract: An apparatus for dispensing a cover device, the cover device comprising a frame and a membrane. The cover device is actuatable from a first state, in which an outer portion of the membrane is seated on, or around, an outer surface of the frame, and a second state in which the outer portion of the membrane is located generally inwardly of its seated position. The apparatus comprises a magazine for storing at least one cover device in said first state, the magazine having a mouth through which the at least one cover device may be dispensed; and means for actuating the at least one stored cover device from the first state to the second state. In a preferred embodiment, said actuating means actuates the at least one stored cover device from the first state to the second state upon movement of said at least one stored cover device into the magazine.

Abstract: A speaker assembly for a structural pole is provided, as well as a method for attaching a speaker assembly to a structural pole. The speaker assembly is provided with an elongate housing mounted to banner brackets that are affixed to the structural pole. The housing is sized to provide an aesthetic appearance that corresponds to a banner attached to the banner brackets. A speaker, or a plurality of speakers are provided within the housing for transmitting acoustic vibrations to a corresponding environment.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a muffler for an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine having an exhaust gas-carrying first pipe which is connectable to a first exhaust line of the exhaust system or forms an integral component of the first exhaust line, and an exhaust gas-carrying second pipe which is connectable to a second exhaust line of the exhaust system or forms an integral component of the second exhaust line. To design the muffler to be as compact as possible, a housing of the muffler includes a damper space situated between the pipes and has two longitudinal side walls each formed by a wall section of one of the pipes that is permeable for airborne sound.

Abstract: A sound reduction system is provided. The system is preferably designed to allow air or other fluid to flow through the system while lessening the amount of sound flowing through the system.

Abstract: The invention relates to a muffler for an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine, consisting a housing having at least one exhaust inlet and at least one exhaust outlet and having at least two pipes at the inlet end or at the outlet end, at least one of which is switchable by a control device at least between an open state and a closed state and is acoustically coupled to a silencer system, such that the silencer system is active when the switchable pipe is opened as well as when it is closed and has a different damping characteristic when the switchable pipe is opened than when the switchable pipe is closed.