Abstract: A data processor unit includes at least two operation-execution units, each one adapted to receive input data, perform a respective operation on the input data and outputting output data resulting after applying said operation; the data processor unit further includes: a data storage unit including at least two individually-accessible memory devices adapted to store data; a programmable controller adapted to be programmed so as to execute a selected program; a first data routing circuit arrangement adapted to receive data from the at least two memory devices, from the programmable controller and from a second data routing circuit arrangement, and for selectively routing selected ones among the received data to the input of the operation-execution units; the second data routing circuit arrangement is adapted to receive the output data outputted by the operation-execution units and to selectively route the output data to the at least two memory devices, to the programmable controller, and to the first data rout

Abstract: Various embodiments of the present invention include methods for determining nanowire addressing schemes and include microscale/nanoscale electronic devices that incorporate the nanowire addressing schemes for reliably addressing nanowire-junctions within nanowire crossbars. The addressing schemes allow for change in the resistance state, or other physical or electronic state, of a selected nanowire-crossbar junction without changing the resistance state, or other physical or electronic state, of the remaining nanowire-crossbar junctions, and without destruction of either the selected nanowire-crossbar junction or the remaining, non-selected nanowire-crossbar junctions. Additional embodiments of the present invention include nanoscale memory arrays and other nanoscale electronic devices that incorporate the nanowire-addressing-scheme embodiments of the present invention.

Abstract: A system and method for encoding an audiovisual media stream is disclosed. The method includes, receiving an input signal from an analog audiovisual source, encoding the input signal to produce an encoded media stream, providing the encoded media stream to a network interface, and displaying the received input signal on a confidence monitor.

Abstract: Given a hardware platform capable of capturing framed data in a multiplexed fashion from multiple sources, a method and apparatus are shown for providing a constant frame rate for each logical stream.

Abstract: In a computer system including a set of resources for allocation to, and access by, a plurality of consumers, a method for allocating a resource to a requesting consumer comprising: calculating a suitability rating for each resource in the set of resources as a value in a range from least suitable to most suitable, the suitability rating being calculated from: a) a measure of recency of access to the resource; b) a measure of a number of times the resource has been accessed by a consumer other than the requesting consumer since a previous access to the resource by the requesting consumer; and c) a measure of a number of times the resource is accessed by a different consumer since the previous access to the resource by the requesting consumer; identifying a resource having a suitability rating which is closest to most suitable; and allocating the identified resource to the requesting consumer.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for managing a transfer of data in a data network identifies data associated with a communication session between a first node and a second node in the data network. Further processing of the communication session occurs when a portion of the communication session meets a criterion and the communication session is permitted to continue when the portion of the communication session does not meet the criterion.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for forming system information medium access control protocol messages, wherein system information data packets are received from a logical channel, with at least some of the packets having associated prioritization information which is used to indicate the priority of the respective packets, and the system information medium access control protocol messages are formed using at least some of the packets from the logical channel taking into account the prioritization information.

Abstract: A method of minimizing jitter in a system for rate adapting a data signal for transport through a synchronous network. A phase difference is measured between a data clock synchronous with the data signal and a local clock of the synchronous network. A timing reference (F) indicative of a frequency difference between the asynchronous data signal and the local clock is measured using the measured phase difference. Calculation of the timing reference includes compensating ambiguity in the measured phase difference.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for aggregating network traffic using “cascade” of individual nodes, where each node connected to, and configured to monitor, two or more nodes below it. Each node has two or more inputs. These inputs are connected to a CPU having a memory buffer to temporarily store the network data streams from the inputs, and an outlet port capable of transferring network data streams from the memory buffer and the CPU to an output network. The CPU is thus connected to the inputs, the memory buffer and the outlet port, and serves to transfer network data streams from the inputs to the memory buffer, and to simultaneously transmit the network data streams from the memory buffer to the outlet port. Nodes that gather network data streams directly from the network have two or more network controllers, each of which are connected to the network to receive network data streams from the network, and also connected to the node inputs to transfer data to the CPU and the memory buffer.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for controlling an optical power level are provided. The apparatus includes a power supply unit supplying power in response to an exposure control signal corresponding to an input image signal and a light scanning unit driven using the power and irradiating light having optical power corresponding to an input sample-and-hold signal onto a photosensitive drum.

Abstract: A diode pumped laser apparatus for generating a visible power beam, of the type comprising: a miniaturised linear laser cavity (72) with very low losses, comprising at least the following optical elements (30,33,36,10,20): reflecting means (30;33;36), highly reflecting at a fundamental wavelength, at least one of said reflecting means (33) being traversed by a pumping beam (55), at least one of said reflecting means (36) reflecting at the fundamental wavelength and at the second harmonic wavelength and at least one of said reflecting means (33) being highly transmissive at the second harmonic (51) warelength of said fundamental wavelength; an active material (10) with polarized emission and with a gain configuration with small thermal aberration for the cavity mode, said active material (10) being able to generate laser light (50) at a fundamental wavelength; a non linear crystal (20), inside said cavity (72).

Abstract: It is easy to increase output with a wide stripe laser, but the lateral mode is a multimode, and the coupling efficiency is low with a single-mode fiber or a single-mode waveguide, creating problems in terms of increasing output. To solve these problems, the light emitted from a wide stripe semiconductor laser is passed through a mode converter and a wavelength selecting filter, then fed back to the active layer of the semiconductor laser, which fixes the oscillation mode of the semiconductor laser to single mode.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a crystal oscillator comprises: processing a crystal wafer, which has higher oscillation frequency inversely proportional to its thickness, into a thickness for a lower oscillation frequency than a reference oscillation frequency; measuring and storing the oscillation frequency of each area located lengthwise and crosswise of the crystal wafer, and subtracting the thickness of each area in turn depending on the difference in frequency of the oscillation frequency of each area and the reference oscillation frequency; and then obtaining a number of crystal pieces by dividing the crystal wafer into each area, wherein the crystal wafer is provided with dividing grooves in lengthwise and crosswise directions that section the crystal wafer into the individual areas. An object of the invention is to provide a method of manufacturing a crystal oscillator in which the thickness accuracy of each area of a crystal wafer is improved.

Abstract: A method is provided for modulating the output of a high-power diode laser device (SL) using an injected light signal from a low-power diode laser device (ML). The output of the high-power device (SL) is wavelength modulated by the input signal from the low-power device (ML). In addition, a new optical storage write mechanism is proposed which uses the wavelength modulation technique. Wavelength dependence of the absorption of the recording layer of an optical disc translates the diode laser wavelength modulation into variations of the absorption.

Abstract: A laser pulse generator utilizes an optical modulator to generate wave pulses having customized temporally shaped pulses. A continuous wavelength laser source inserts optical energy into an optical pulse generator, which in turn emits light into an amplification stage. The amplification stage emits light pulses corresponding to user-defined amplitudes and pulse shapes. The optical pulse generator comprises an optical modulator which modulates incoming light in accordance with temporal waveforms defined by an electronic waveform generator.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide alight emitting module that improves the positional precision of a semiconductor laser diode. A light emitting module of the present invention is configured with a semiconductor laser diode having a facet which inputs, or outputs light; an integrated circuit which is electrically connected to the semiconductor laser diode; and a package which mounts the semiconductor laser diode and the integrated circuit therein. The semiconductor laser diode is mounted on the integrated circuit, and the integrated circuit has a marker. The marker is utilized in determining a position of the semiconductor laser diode with respect to the integrated circuit, and further in determining a position of the semiconductor laser diode with respect to the package.

Abstract: Disclosed are an apparatus and a method for controlling phases of beams to make relative phases of the beams “O” in a beam splitting amplification laser using a stimulated Brillouin scattering phase conjugate mirror. A procedure of making a phase difference between laser beams reflected from the phrase conjugate miror “O” comprises a first step of inputting laser beams 104?, . . . , 114? and 124? reflected from the phrase conjugate mirrors to a light detector 150 through light path converters 131 and 132; a second step of using one of the reflected laser beams as a reference laser beam 104? and making the reference laser beam intefere with another reflected laser beam 114?; and a third step of detecting the interference result and finely driving piezoelectric elements 109 and 119 to control the positions of the reflectors 108, 118 and 128, to thereby make a phase difference between the laser beam 104? and 104? become “O”.

Abstract: A diode heat pump is disclosed which may be deposited directly onto a processor unit using thin-film deposition techniques to achieve more efficient cooling. The diode heat pump is either formed in situ on the processor unit or attached to the processor unit after each unit has been manufactured. Further embodiments of diode heat pumps are also disclosed.

Abstract: A semiconductor laser driving unit is disclosed that includes a first part generating a bias current; a second part generating a first current for causing the semiconductor laser to emit light, and outputting the first current to the semiconductor laser in accordance with an input control signal; a third part performing initialization to detect a light emission characteristic of the semiconductor laser, and causing the second part to generate a second current of a value obtained from the detected light emission characteristic; and a fourth part causing the second part to generate the first current in which a set offset current is added to the second current. The first part detects the amount of light emission of the semiconductor laser, and generates and outputs the bias current so that the amount of light emission produced by the sum of the bias current and the first current is a predetermined value.

Abstract: A means of controlling the stress in a laser diode structure through the use of AlGaAsP is provided. Depending upon the amount of phosphorous in the material, it can be used to either match the lattice constant of GaAs, thus forming a strainless structure, or mismatch the lattice constant of GaAs, thereby adding tensile stress to the structure. Tensile stress can be used to mitigate the compressive stress due to material mismatches within the structure (e.g., a highly strained compressive quantum well), or due to the heat sink bonding procedure.

Abstract: A semiconductor laser having an angled facet is provided. The semiconductor laser includes a first distributed Bragg reflector (DBR). The laser further includes an active region coupled to the first DBR, wherein the active region comprises a highly reflective facet and a partially reflective facet, and a second DBR coupled to the active region. The highly reflective facet, the partially reflective facet, the first DBR, and the second DBR form a laser cavity having a shape that is not rectangular. An angled facet emitter enables, for example, single vertical transverse mode operation of optically thick epitaxial gain regions.

Abstract: A semiconductor laser device includes a semiconductor laser body including a resonator and having a front end face and a rear end face facing each other, the resonator being located between the front end face and the rear end face. The front end face emits principal laser light. A reflectance control film is disposed on the front end face or the rear end face of the semiconductor laser body and is made up of either an aluminum oxide film or a five-layer film including the aluminum oxide film disposed such that it is the layer in the five-layer film farthest from the front end face or the rear end face. A silicon oxide film is disposed on the aluminum oxide film of the reflectance control film and has a thickness of 20 nm or less.

Abstract: A VCSEL with nearly planar intracavity contact. A bottom DBR mirror is formed on a substrate. A first conduction layer region is formed on the bottom DBR mirror. An active layer, including quantum wells, is on the first conduction layer region. A trench is formed into the active layer region. The trench is formed in a wagon wheel configuration with spokes providing mechanical support for the active layer region. The trench is etched approximately to the first conduction layer region. Proton implants are provided in the wagon wheel and configured to render the spokes of the wagon wheel insulating. A nearly planar electrical contact is formed as an intracavity contact for connecting the bottom of the active region to a power supply. The nearly planar electrical contact is formed in and about the trench.

Abstract: Photodarkening in active fiber or waveguide devices (e.g. lasers, amplifiers, and incoherent sources such as ASE sources) can be reduced by altering the dopant concentration along the length of the doped fiber. A fiber or waveguide device includes two or more intentionally doped fiber or waveguide sections having different concentrations of one or more dopants. The dopants provide optical gain responsive to pump radiation provided to the fiber device by a pump source. A first optical intensity in a first of the fiber or waveguide sections is greater than a second optical intensity in a second of the fiber or waveguide sections. A first dopant concentration in the first fiber or waveguide section is lower than a second dopant concentration in the second fiber or waveguide section. Thus the dopant concentration is reduced in sections of the fiber or waveguide device having a higher optical intensity. The optical intensity can be due to pump radiation and/or signal radiation.

Abstract: The invention relates to a highly repetitive laser system operating according to the reproducible amplifier principle. Said system comprises at least one amplified laser medium, a laser resonator provided with at least one resonator mirror and at least one modulator and a pump source, in particular, a laser diode source, which is used to pump the laser medium. The highly repetitive laser system is compact by virtue of the fact that a pulse extensor, having a highly dispersive effect as a result of the structure or material thereof, is integrated into the laser resonator.

Abstract: A laser source (2) is used in a geodesic device (1) to improve the emission of laser light in which the laser diodes (2b) emitting multimodal radiation are influenced by a mode-selective component (2d) such that the laser radiation emitted by the laser-source (2) has monomodal character. An edge-emitter (2b) or a vertical semiconductor emitter with an external cavity, is hence used, in which a mode selective component (2d) is arranged, for example, a monomode fiber or resonator mirror, which has the effect of a mode-selective resonator construction. Components with negative dispersion can be used for pulse compression to compensate for the greater pulse duration generated by the lengthened cavity.

Abstract: A laser cavity includes at least a first mirror and a second mirror, at least one gain medium located on an optical path between said mirrors, and an optical waveguide for providing pump light. A beam splitter is arranged to split the pump light from the optical waveguide into at least a first portion and a second portion, and direct each portion along an optical path that leads into a respective, different, face of the at least one gain medium.

Abstract: The invention provides a distributed feedback semiconductor laser, having (1) a controlled complex-coupling coefficient which is not affected by grating etching depth variation, and (2) facet power asymmetry with no facet reflection which eliminates a random effect of facet grating phase. The device comprises a multiple-quantum-well active region, and a complex-coupled grating formed by periodically etching grooves through a part of the active region. The semiconductor materials for a barrier layer where the groove etching is to be stopped, a regrown layer in the etched groove, and a laser cladding layer, are chosen all the same, so as to form an active grating entirely buried in the same material, providing a complex-coupling coefficient which is defined independently of the etching depth. The second feature, “facet power asymmetry”, is provided by composing the laser cavity of two sections (“front” and “back” sections) having different (“front” and “back”) Bragg wavelengths.

Abstract: A device is provided for temperature measurement in metal melts, particularly in iron or steel melts, having a thermoelement, which is arranged in a thermoelement tube, and having an exterior protective body, which is essentially formed of graphite and metal oxide. The thermoelement tube is arranged in the protective body with a spacing, forming an intermediate space, and an insulating material and an oxygen-reducing material are arranged in the intermediate space. The insulating material and the oxygen-reducing material, as a powder mixture, form a tube (2), which surrounds the thermoelement tube (3) with a spacing and/or which is surrounded by the protective body (1) with a spacing.

Abstract: A temperature-indicating container having thermal insulation and a temperature indicator in the side wall or the bottom of the container visible from outside the container. A method for making such a container is also provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the field of thermometers for measuring the temperature of the liquid contents of containers. It is undesirable to open a container (such as a wine bottle) to measure the temperature of its liquid contents. Nevertheless, it is otherwise problematic to follow the temperature change in a container placed in either a cooling or heating incubator.

Abstract: An improved temperature measurement device to aid in the brewing of beer. The invention provides a special dial face with common brewing process temperature ranges and ideal process target temperatures, guiding the brewer through the brewing process. In addition, the invention provides an improved weldless installation means that is rigid and not prone to leaking.

Abstract: The invention relates to a communication method including: establishing a wideband communication link between a first device and a second device, transmitting a first set of consecutive data bits from said first device to said second device by means of a first set of pulses, and transmitting a second set of bits from said second device to said first device at least partially simultaneously or at least partially interlaced with said first set of bits.

Abstract: A system for scanning a frequency spectrum to detect usage thereof includes an ultra-wideband receiver for performing the scanning, and cooperates with a spectrum usage estimator module and a radio controller unit. The spectrum usage estimator module derives from the scanning performed via the ultra-wideband receiver information as to usage of individual bands in the frequency spectrum. The radio controller unit controls operation of a radio cognitive system as a function of the information as to usage of individual bands in the frequency spectrum as derived by the spectrum usage estimator module. The radio cognitive system operates over unused bands in the frequency spectrum.

Abstract: A generator of repetitive sets of spreading sequences comprising means (20) for counting and for forming an address and a table (30) containing L sets of S sequences, wherein the address contains q+log2S bits, wherein the q bits are used for selecting one set among L (L=2q) sets and wherein the log2S bits are used for selecting one sequence among the S sequences in the set.

Abstract: In a data transfer system in which wireless data transmission is carried out between a first device and a second device that each has a UWB wireless device, the data transfer system includes a ranging unit that is provided in the UWB wireless device of at least one of the first and second devices and measures a distance to the other of the first and second devices; a distance determination unit that determines, based on a measurement result by the ranging unit, whether or not the distance between the first and second devices has been within such a predetermined range that a predetermined transmission rate and a predetermined transmission quality are obtained by UWB communication; and a data transfer unit that executes data transmission between the first and second devices in response to a determination by the distance determination unit that the distance between the first and second devices has been within the predetermined range.

Abstract: A method for radio frequency communication includes activating a button of a wireless device; the wireless device detecting a data error rate of each of a plurality of radio frequency channels according to a first predetermined parameter; the wireless device comparing the data error rate of each of the plurality of radio frequency channels; and setting one of the plurality of radio frequency channels having a lower data error rate as a formal transmitting channel of the wireless device.

Abstract: A method of operating a multimode transceiver comprises simultaneously transmitting (Tx) a signal having a relatively wide output frequency spectrum and receiving (Rx) a signal having a frequency spectrum narrower than that of the output frequency spectrum, but lying in the same band. A notch is introduced by a filter (18, 19, 20) into the output spectrum of the transmitted signal at a position corresponding to the received signal. The notch is adapted in response to at least one operating characteristic of the transceiver. The notch depth and bandwidth may be a function of the received and transmitted signal strengths, the relative frequency displacements of the received and transmitted signals and of the extent to which a degradation in the transmitted signal quality due to the notch can be tolerated.

Abstract: A method of, and a radio system (10, 12) for and a low cost receiver (12) for, receiving a Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) signal uses a channel filter (46) having a passband narrower than the bandwidth of the DSSS signal. Optionally the channel filter (46) is scanned incrementally across the bandwidth of the transmitted signal, and an acceptable operating frequency is selected based on a best correlation score. Optionally the bandwidth of the channel filter (46) may be changed to improve the quality of reception.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus to perform closed-loop transmit diversity with frequency-domain equalizers in high-speed downlink packet access (HSDPA) receivers are disclosed. An example method comprises receiving a first signal representative of a first code division multiple access (CDMA) signal received from a first transmit antenna and a second signal representative of a second CDMA signal received from a second transmit antenna, computing a first channel estimate for a first path from the first transmit antenna to the receiver, computing a second channel estimate for a second path from the second transmit antenna to the receiver, and computing a frequency-domain equalizer (FDE) coefficient for the first path based on the first and the second channel estimates.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus to perform fractional-spaced channel estimation for frequency-domain equalizers in high-speed downlink packet access (HSDPA) receivers are disclosed. An example method comprises computing a first fractionally-spaced time-domain channel estimate from an oversampled CDMA signal, and computing a first chip-interval frequency-domain equalizer (FDE) coefficient from the first fractionally-spaced channel estimate.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for increasing the spectral efficiency of communications systems by employing portions of the spectrum, which portions might otherwise be reserved as all or part of guard bands and not utilized (i.e., effectively wasted), for communicating at reduced power levels between devices that are determined to experience relatively high performance (e.g., relatively little path loss, etc.). In a communication system having a first predefined maximum system transmission power level for in-band transmissions, a method is provided for determining that communication performance between a first communication device and a second communication device exceeds a performance threshold. Based on the determination, a first band-edge channel for communication between the first communication device and the second communication device (i.e., transmission from the first device to the second device and/or visa versa) is assigned.

Abstract: Provided are an adaptive analog equalizer and a digital signal receiver having the same. The adaptive analog equalizer includes selective comparing means for comparing the data equalized by the equalizing means to an internal reference value set based on the equalized data to output an error signal e(n); sign inverting means for selecting one of the selective comparing means; and a tap coefficient generating means for accumulating the error signal outputted from the selective comparing means and recognizing the intersymbol interference varying with time to generate an adaptive tap coefficient.

Abstract: For example, more than one FIR-type basic filters having a symmetric sequence of numbers having a predetermined characteristic as filter coefficient are combined and connected in cascade connection. The filter coefficients are calculated and for the y-bits data of the calculated filter coefficients, the lower bits are cut off for rounding so as to obtain filter coefficients of x-bits (x<y). Thus, it is possible to significantly reduce unnecessary filter coefficients without performing the conventional window multiplication. Moreover, it is possible to realize a digital filter having a desired frequency characteristic with a small circuit size and with a high accuracy without causing a truncation error attributed to window multiplication in the frequency characteristic.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for adapting an information carrying signal (25, 26) is described. The method involves the controllable introducing of sub-pulses (17, 18, 19 and 20) to the data pulses of an information carrying signal (25) which effectively allows the controllable removal of energy from the information carrying signal (25). The method and apparatus can be readily employed within a transmitter (2) of a communication system so as to overcome signal impairment effects within the system or to act as a frequency bandpass filter.

Abstract: The present application describes a method and filter for shaping a series of pulses spaced in time for subsequent transmission in a communications system, each of the pulses having a magnitude comprising the steps of providing a generic shaped pulse, for each pulse in the series, generating a shaped pulse by scaling the generic shaped pulse by an amount proportional to the magnitude, wherein at least a portion of each generated pulse overlaps in time with at least a portion of at least one subsequent generated pulse, and combining the overlapping portions of the generated pulses.

Abstract: A system and method receives video data and its corresponding alpha channel data using a single stream or file, each of the video data and alpha channel data in the same format, and decompresses each set of data using a single decompression algorithm.

Abstract: A system and method provides video data and its corresponding alpha channel data using a single stream or file, compressed using the same format and decompression algorithm for each of the video data and the alpha channel data.

Abstract: A method for coding spatial and quality enhancement information in scalable video coding using variable length codes. Conventional systems have been capable of using variable length codes only with nonscalable video coding. In the present invention, the coded block pattern for each block of information, significance passes, and refinement passes can all be coded with different types of variable length codes.

Abstract: An apparatus for enhancing the performance of entropy coding in a multilayer-based codec and an entropy coding method includes obtaining a distribution of a second coefficient included in an area of a base layer corresponding to the block, selecting a lookup table which is appropriate to the obtained distribution among a plurality of lookup tables, and transforming the first coefficient into a value mapped to the selected lookup table.