Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor including an electroconductive substrate, a charge generation layer overlying the electroconductive substrate to generate a first charge to form an electrostatic latent image when exposed to a first light, and a charge generation and transport layer overlying the charge generation layer to generate a second charge when exposed to second light and to transport the first and second charges to a surface of the photoreceptor.

Abstract: A polyimide precursor in accordance with the present invention contains amide acid ester units, either imide units or amide acid units, and fluorine atoms bonded to some of these structural units. A polyimide precursor resin composition in accordance with the present invention contains either such a polyimide precursor or resins separately containing the structural units. Polyimide precursors in accordance with the present invention and resin compositions based on the same therefore have excellent properties and are suitably used in particular to form a particular pattern and for other purposes by impart photosensitivity to them.

Abstract: Compounds of the formulae I, II and III wherein R1 is for example hydrogen, C3–C8cycloalkyl, C1–C12alkyl, phenyl unsubstituted or substituted; R2 and R2? for example are hydrogen, C1–C20alkyl, C3–C8cycloalkyl or phenyl, unsubstituted or substituted, or are Ar1 is for example phenyl, optionally substituted by e.g. Ar2 is for example phenylene, optionally substituted e.g. by —(CO)R7, (D), (E) or (F); Ar3 is for example phenyl; M1, M2 and M3 are, for example, C1–C20alkylene; M4 is for example direct bond, —O—, —S—, —Y—(C1–C10alkylene)-Y?—, optionally substituted; Y and Y? are for example a direct bond or —O—; R7 is for example hydrogen, C1–C20alkyl or phenyl, optionally substituted; R8, R9, R8? and R9? are for example hydrogen or C1–C12alkyl, exhibit an unexpectedly good performance in photopolymerization reactions.

Abstract: Photoresist compositions that contain one or more components having sulfonamide and Si substitution. Preferred photoresist compositions of the invention contain an Si-polymer such as a silsesquioxane that has sulfonamide substitution and may be employed in multilayer resist systems. In preferred aspects, the Si-polymer has both sulfonamide substitution as well as moieties that can provide contrast upon exposure to photogenerated acid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel photoresist composition sensitive to radiation in the deep ultraviolet and a process for imaging the composition. The photoresist composition comprises a) a novel polymer that is insoluble in an aqueous alkaline solution and comprises at least one acid labile group, and b) a compound capable of producing an acid upon irradiation. The novel polymer of the present invention comprises at least one unit with a bisester group, (—C(O)OWC(O)O—), attached on one side to a polymer backbone unit (A) comprising an aliphatic group, and attached on the other side to an adamantyl group. The invention also relates to the novel polymer and a novel monomer for obtaining the novel polymer.

Abstract: A photosensitive composition containing a compound capable of generating a specific acid having the plural number of sulfonic groups by irradiation with an actinic ray or a radiation and a pattern forming method using the same.

Abstract: There is disclosed a polymer which at least has the repeating unit represented by the following general formula (1a), and the repeating unit represented by the following general formula (1b) and/or the repeating unit represented by the following general formula (1c), and a positive resist composition comprising the polymer as a base resin.

Abstract: The present invention provides an imageable element including a lithographic substrate and an imageable layer disposed on the substrate. The imageable layer includes a radically polymerizable component, an initiator system, and a polymeric binder. The imageable element further includes a tetraarylborate salt. The presence of the tetraarylborate salt may provide improved imaging speed and may enhance press life due to better adhesion between the imageable layer and the substrate. The tetraarylborate salt may be present in the imageable layer, an interlayer, or a separate layer between the substrate and the imageable layer. The imageable element may be imaged and mounted on-press without a separate development step.

Abstract: A method of forming a photoresist layer free from a side-lobe. A mask consists of a side-lobe region, a pattern region, and an intermediate region, wherein the side-lobe region is the corresponding area of the side-lobe that used to be produced in the photoresist layer, the pattern region is the corresponding area of the pattern formed in the photoresist layer, and the intermediate region is the area between the side-lobe region and the pattern region. The method is characterized in that the transmittance of the side-lobe region is set lower than that of the intermediate region so that the side-lobe region has the light intensity lower than threshold required to trigger the photoreaction of the material for said photoresist layer.

Abstract: In a method for the manufacture of an active matrix for an electro-optical display device, the active zone exposure fields CH1, CH2 are obtained by the transfer of an active zone mask in such a way that there is a non-null overlap zone zl, zr, zt, zb between two successive exposure fields. The active zone mask is exposed a first time. This mask is positioned for the next exposure so as to overlap the first exposed field on a certain width F1, F2. In the overlap zones, an exposure of the mask provides only a part of the patterns.

Abstract: Multiple Bragg gratings are fabricated in a single planar lightwave circuit platform. The gratings have nominally identical grating spacing but different center wavelengths, which are produced using controlled photolithographic processes and/or controlled doping to control the effective refractive index of the gratings. The gratings may be spaced closer together than the height of the UV light pattern used to write the gratings.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and apparatus for accomplishing a strong phase shift direct write lithography process using reconfigurable optical mirrors. A maskless lithography system is provided. The maskless direct-write lithography system provided uses an array of mirrors configured to operate in a tilting mode, a piston-displacement mode, or both in combination. The controlled mirror array is used to generate strong phase shift optical patterns which are directed onto a photoimageable layer of a substrate in order to facilitate pattern transfer. In order to avoid constraining the system to forming edges of patterns aligned with the array of mirrors, gray-scale techniques are used for subpixel feature placement.

Abstract: It is disclosed a method of forming fine patterns comprising: covering a substrate having photoresist patterns with an over-coating agent for forming fine patterns, removing the unwanted over-coating agent that has been deposited on the edge portions and/or the back side of the substrate, applying heat treatment to cause thermal shrinkage of the over-coating agent so that the spacing between adjacent photoresist patterns is lessened by the resulting thermal shrinking action, and removing the over-coating agent substantially completely. The invention provides a method of forming fine patterns which has high ability to control pattern dimensions and provide fine patterns that have a satisfactory profile and satisfy the characteristics required of semiconductor devices, with an additional capability of preventing the occurrence of particles which are a potential cause of device contamination.

Abstract: A photothermographic image-recording material with improved storability before image formation and improved coating characteristics, which has a support having provided thereon an image-forming layer, the layer having at least one light-insensitive organic silver salt, a reducing agent for silver ion and a binder, wherein the binder has a polymer having a recurring unit represented by the formula (1), and the content of the recurring unit represented by the formula (1) in the polymer is from 0.1 to 50% by weight.

Abstract: A silver halide color photographic photosensitive material that has, on a support, at least one yellow color-forming photosensitive silver halide emulsion layer, at least one magenta color-forming photosensitive silver halide emulsion layer, and at least one cyan color-forming photosensitive silver halide emulsion layer, wherein at least one specific yellow or magenta dye-forming coupler and at least one compound represented by formula (Ph) are contained in the same layer: wherein Rb1 represents a specific functional group; and Rb2 to Rb5 each independently represent a hydrogen or halogen atom, or a specific functional group.

Abstract: A radiographic material containing tabular silver halide grains also includes an amido compound as an antifoggant precursor that can slowly release an antifoggant over time. These compounds are present in reactive association with the silver halide in tabular silver halide emulsion layers, and are present in an amount of at least 0.5 mmol/mol of silver. The radiographic materials are protected from fog during storage particularly in high temperature environments.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for detecting a double-stranded region in a nucleic acid by (1) providing two separate, adjacent pools of a medium and a interface between the two pools, the interface having a channel so dimensioned as to allow sequential monomer-by-monomer passage of a single-stranded nucleic acid, but not of a double-stranded nucleic acid, from one pool to the other pool; (2) placing a nucleic acid polymer in one of the two pools; and (3) taking measurements as each of the nucleotide monomers of the single-stranded nucleic acid polymer passes through the channel so as to differentiate between nucleotide monomers that are hybridized to another nucleotide monomer before entering the channel and nucleotide monomers that are not hybridized to another nucleotide monomer before entering the channel.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods, compositions and kits for discriminating between COX-1 and COX-2 activity. In particular, the prevent invention provides for the detection and/or measurement of COX-2 activity in subjects, samples thereof, and in laboratory tests. The present invention discloses that 2-arachidonylglycerol is a COX-2 selective substrate which is metabolized by COX-2 to prostaglandin glycerol esters (PG-Gs) and that the diversity of PG-Gs parallels that of arachidonic acid derived metabolites of COX. The present invention also provides certain novel COX-2 selective metabolites including prostaglandin I2-glycerol ester (PGI2-G) and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1a-glycerol ester. Methods and kits are described for detecting COX-2 activity comprising detecting PG-Gs (including the novel PG-Gs disclosed herein). Uses for these methods and kits include the detection and monitoring of inflammation and tumors or cancer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods and products for the evaluation of HIV treatment. The methods are based on evaluating molecular events at the HIV integrase resulting in altered therapeutic efficacy of the investigated compounds. The methods rely on providing an integrase gene and evaluating either through genotyping or phenotyping the integrase gene. The present invention relates to the fields of diagnostics, drug screening, pharmacogenetics and drug development.

Abstract: The present invention provides molecular switch system methods and compositions for use in regulatable gene expression. The system includes a nucleic acid construct which has a DNA response sequence for a transcriptional regulatory protein operably linked to a promoter, a compound binding sequence in the vicinity of the DNA response sequence, a transgene under the control of the promoter; and a DNA binding compound. In some cases, the molecular switch system further includes a nucleic acid sequence encoding a transcriptional regulatory protein operably linked to a second promoter. The invention further provides a method for screening compounds for the ability to function in the molecular switch system and thereby regulate gene expression.

Abstract: Described herein are genes whose expression are up-regulated or down-regulated in ovarian cancer. Related methods and compositions that can be used for diagnosis and treatment of ovarian cancer are disclosed. Also described herein are methods that can be used to identify modulators of ovarian cancer.

Abstract: The invention relates to generating a signal indicative of a target nucleic acid sequence, comprising forming a complex by incubating a sample comprising a target nucleic acid sequence with a probe comprising a first and second subunit, and a binding moiety, and dissociating the first and second subunit to release the first subunit and generate a signal. The invention also relates to a method of generating a signal indicative of the presence of a target nucleic acid sequence in a sample, comprising forming a complex by incubating a target nucleic acid sequence, an upstream primer and a probe comprising a first and second subunit, and a binding moiety. The primer is extended with a nucleic acid polymerase to displace a portion of the first subunit from the target nucleic acid strand thereby dissociating the first subunit from the second subunit to release the first subunit and generate a signal.

Abstract: This invention relates generally to analysis of gene expression profiles. In particular, the present invention provides a method for a method for analyzing gene expression profiles of a cell, which method comprises: a) providing for isolated mRNA or cDNA target sequences from a cell; b) sequentially hybridizing said isolated mRNA or cDNA target sequences with a plurality of nucleotide probes; and c) assessing the sequential hybridization between said isolated mRNA or cDNA target sequences and said plurality of nucleotide probes to analyze gene expression profiles of said cell. Systems for analyzing gene expression profiles are also provided. Optical devices for detecting hybridization signal are further provided.

Abstract: DNA segments have been discovered, and characterized by sequence, which are response elements operative to confer responsiveness to ligands for several members of the steroid/thyroid superfamily of receptors, for the transcriptional activation and/or repression of promoters in cells. By using transcriptional control regions comprising response elements of the present invention in combination with a functional promoter, it is now possible to provide recombinant DNA vectors containing a gene, the transcription (and, thereby, also expression) of which is under the control of a promoter, the transcriptional activity of which is responsive to ligands for members of the steroid/thyroid superfamily of receptors.

Abstract: The present invention provides nucleic acid and amino acid sequences of an ATP binding cassette transporter and mutated sequences thereof associated with macular degeneration. Methods of detecting agents that modify ATP-binding cassette transporter comprising combining purified ATP binding cassette transporter and at least one agent suspected of modifying the ATP binding cassette transporter an observing a change in at least one characteristic associated with ATP binding cassette transporter. Methods of detecting macular degeneration is also embodied by the present invention.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for identifying variations that occur in the genome of an organism. In particular, the present invention relates to identifying variations without the need for specialized oligonucleotides complementary to each SNP and without a priori knowledge of the sequence or position of the variants.

Abstract: This invention provides immunogenic peptides from the HPV-18E6 protein that comprise class I restricted T cell epitopes and discloses methods of administering these peptides to individuals, and a method for monitoring or evaluating an immune response to HPV with these peptides.

Abstract: The present invention provides DNA compositions and assays for detecting the presence of the DNA compositions in PV-GHGT07(1445) cotton event based on the DNA sequence of the recombinant construct inserted into the cotton genome and of the genomic sequences flanking the insertion site. Kits and conditions useful in conducting the assays are provided.

Abstract: The invention provides in vitro methods of detection using human antibodies. The methods are particularly useful for analyzing human samples containing HAMA or heterophilic antibodies. A human antibody can bind to an analyte in such samples without binding to HAMA or heterophilic antibodies present in the samples. The methods can be effected using a sandwich format among others.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods of characterizing autoimmune diseases by detecting and measuring at least one analyte using multiplexed assay systems. According to one embodiment, a target is detected and measured by different bead sets having different reactants. According to another approach the ratio of self-antigen to autoantibody is measured by exposing a sample suspected of containing self-antigen and autoantibody to a bead set associated with monoclonal antibody specific for the self-antigen and a bead set associated with the self-antigen.

Abstract: The present invention provides isolated nucleic acid sequences and expression vectors encoding the Goodpasture antigen binding protein (GPBP), substantially purified GPBP, antibodies against GPBP, and methods for detecting GPBP.

Abstract: This invention involves the new use of a diagnostic test to determine the risk of atherosclerotic diseases such as myocardial infarction and stroke, particularly among individuals with no signs or symptoms of current disease and among nonsmokers. Further, this invention involves the new use of a diagnostic test to assist physicians in determining which individuals at risk will preferentially benefit from certain treatments designed either to prevent first or recurrent myocardial infarctions and strokes, or to treat acute and chronic cardiovascular disorders. Methods for treatment also are described.

Abstract: The present invention provides a general approach for G protein coupled receptors that may be used to define agonists and antagonists, and the specificity of receptor coupling to G protein subunits. Methods of the present invention use small volumes (microliters) and are compatible with high throughput flow cytometry. When assays of the present invention are multiplexed, the specificity of the interactions of a receptor with many G proteins may be determined simultaneously.

Abstract: Analytes and ligands for detecting animal byproduct in agricultural samples such as animal feed to minimize the transmission of prion pathogens into food products consumed by humans. The analyte is a component of rendered animal byproduct such as meat and bone meal (MBM). An antibody specific for the analyte is produced by immunizing an animal with MBM or an immunogenic component of MBM that is found in rendered animal product.

Abstract: This invention relates to new members of the human Claudin polypeptide family, to methods of making such polypeptides, and to methods of using them to treat Claudin-associated conditions and to identify agents that alter Claudin polypeptide activities.

Abstract: The systems of the invention include test cells with a first sorbent material defining a first flow path for a solution, a second sorbent material defining a second flow path distinct from the first flow path for a sample, and a test line or test site with immobilized antigens or antibodies or other ligand binding molecules such as aptamers, nucleic acids, etc. located at the junction of the first and second sorbent materials. The first and second sorbent strips touch each other at the test site location.

Abstract: The present provides compounds capable of modulating IL-4 receptor-mediated IgE production, as well as IL-4 induced processes associated therewith, methods and kits for identifying such compounds that utilize a BAP-37 as a surrogate analyte and methods of using the compounds in a variety of in vitro, in vitro and ex vivo contexts.

Abstract: The invention provides natural ligands of TGR183 receptors and methods of identifying modulators of various TGR183 receptors using the ligands. Methods of using the modulators to treat diseases or disorders associated with dysfunction of the TGR183 receptor are also provided.

Abstract: This invention relates to newly identified polypeptides which have zinc metalloprotease activities and are referred to as IGS5, and polynucleotides encoding such polypeptides, to their use in therapy and in identifying compounds which may be stimulators and/or inhibitors which are useful in therapy, and to production of such polypeptides and polynucleotides.

Abstract: An apparatus for culture is provided, which apparatus enables to increase the ratio of a culture medium solution to the number of cells while keeping the density of the cells at a high level and diminishing the absolute number of the cells. The apparatus comprises a container having at least one concave part and at least one member (x) selected from the group consisting of a gelatinous material, a sponge material, and a mesh material, wherein the member (x) is placed within the concave part of the container, has at least one hollow by which a part or parts of a surface of the container in the concave part is bared, and holds a solution containing culture medium components. Further, processes for preparing the apparatus, culturing methods that use the apparatus, a method for studying or observing an influence of a substance to be examined on cells or a piece of a tissue, a kit for making the apparatus, and a flat substrate for culture are provided.

Abstract: A process for bacterial oxidation of sulphide ores and concentrates in which the ore or concentrate is leached with a bacterial culture containing one or more strains of both Sulfobacillus and Thermoplasma.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel extract solution for cell-free protein synthesis, which contains at least an extract derived from a Bombyx mori L. tissue and an exogenous mRNA, which is easy to prepare and which is capable of realizing cell-free protein synthesis that can synthesize glycoprotein, a cell-free protein synthesis method using it, and a method for preparing an extract solution for cell-free protein synthesis, which includes adding an exogenous mRNA to an extract derived from a Bombyx mori L. tissue.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to novel polypeptides and to nucleic acid molecules encoding those polypeptides. Also provided herein are vectors and host cells comprising those nucleic acid sequences, chimeric polypeptide molecules comprising the polypeptides of the present invention fused to heterologous polypeptide sequences, antibodies which bind to the polypeptides of the present invention and to methods for producing the polypeptides of the present invention.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to novel polypeptides and to nucleic acid molecules encoding those polypeptides. Also provided herein are vectors and host cells comprising those nucleic acid sequences, chimeric polypeptide molecules comprising the polypeptides of the present invention fused to heterologous polypeptide sequences, antibodies which bind to the polypeptides of the present invention and to methods for producing the polypeptides of the present invention.

Abstract: This invention relates to an isolated nucleic acid fragment encoding a sugar transport protein. The invention also relates to the construction of a chimeric gene encoding all or a portion of the sugar transport protein, in sense or antisense orientation, wherein expression of the chimeric gene results in production of altered levels of the sugar transport protein in a transformed host cell.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to novel polypeptides and to nucleic acid molecules encoding those polypeptides. Also provided herein are vectors and host cells comprising those nucleic acid sequences, chimeric polypeptide molecules comprising the polypeptides of the present invention fused to heterologous polypeptide sequences, antibodies which bind to the polypeptides of the present invention and to methods for producing the polypeptides of the present invention.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to novel polypeptides and to nucleic acid molecules encoding those polypeptides. Also provided herein are vectors and host cells comprising those nucleic acid sequences, chimeric polypeptide molecules comprising the polypeptides of the present invention fused to heterologous polypeptide sequences, antibodies which bind to the polypeptides of the present invention and to methods for producing the polypeptides of the present invention.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to novel polypeptides and to nucleic acid molecules encoding those polypeptides. Also provided herein are vectors and host cells comprising those nucleic acid sequences, chimeric polypeptide molecules comprising the polypeptides of the present invention fused to heterologous polypeptide sequences, antibodies which bind to the polypeptides of the present invention and to methods for producing the polypeptides of the present invention.

Abstract: Proteins which are capable of modulating/mediating the function of RIP, their preparation and uses are provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides an attenuated virus, which is derived from Modified Vaccinia Ankara virus and characterized by the loss of its capability to reproductively replicate in human cell lines. It further describes recombinant viruses derived from this virus and the use of the virus, or its recombinants, as a medicament or vaccine. A method is provided for inducing an immune response in individuals who may be immune-compromised, receiving antiviral therapy, or have a pre-existing immunity to the vaccine virus. In addition, a method is provided for the administration of a therapeutically effective amount of the virus, or its recombinants, in a vaccinia virus prime/vaccinia virus boost innoculation regimen.