Abstract: The invention provides a system and method for reducing laser speckle and interference patterns in a laser projector display when using a laser projector having a spatial light modulator (SLM) with a defined pixel rate. The method can include the operation of polarizing a laser output of a continuous wave laser such that the laser output is s-polarized with respect to a beam combiner. The s-polarized laser output can be divided into a first laser beam and a second laser beam. A phase of the second laser beam can be modulated with an amplitude sufficient to create a phase delay of approximately half a wavelength of the laser output and at a frequency at least twice that of the SLM's pixel rate.

Abstract: A light modulator incorporates a polarization sensitive prism and a novel MEMS ribbon device to impart a relative phase shift to polarization components of an incident light beam. A linear array of phase shifting elements in the MEMS device creates a linear image which is scanned to form a two dimensional scene. Alternatively the deflection of each cantilever in a linear array of atomic force microscope cantilevers may be measured simultaneously.

Abstract: Method for automatic image enhancement to common optics in-use today at various visibility conditions by combining devices such as a Light Control Panel (32), collimating optics (30, 31), diffractive optics (45,46), reflective optics (35, 36), etc. By using devices such as the Light Control Panel the Visibility Enhancing Method provides the ability to control separately each picture element, thus enhancing the viewer's visibility.

Abstract: An optical interference display unit with a first electrode, a second electrode and support structures located between the two electrodes is provided. The second electrode has at least a first material layer and a second material layer. At least one material layer of the two is made from conductive material and the second conductive layer is used as a mask while an etching process is performed to etch the first material layer to define the second electrode.

Abstract: An electrophoretic display includes a transparent polymeric film including at least one cavity including a first particle species and a second particle species. Application of an electrical field causes the first particle species and the second particle species to separate from one another, and align on opposite sides of the cavity. Subsequent electric field applications cause migration of the first and second particle species, affecting a color state of the display. The electrophoretic display may be fabricated from multiple display cells arranged on a substrate.

Abstract: An electrophoretic display sheet, includes: a substrate; and an electrophoretic layer made into a film on the substrate, including a plurality of microcapsules, in which an electrophoretic disperse medium containing at least one kind of electrophoretic particle is sealed, and a binder coupling the microcapsules to one another, wherein a degree of affinity of the substrate, the microcapsule, and the binder is respectively formed such as to increase in order of the microcapsule, the binder and the substrate.

Abstract: Power scalable, rectangular, multi-mode, self-imaging, waveguide technologies are used with various combination of large aperture configurations, 20, 50, 80, 322, 324, 326, 328, 330, 332, 334, 336, 338, Gaussian 360 and super-Gaussian 350 beam profiles, thermal management configurations 100, flared 240 and tapered 161 waveguide shapes, axial or zig-zag light propagation paths, diffractive wall couplers 304, 306, 308, 310, 312, 314, 316, 318, 320 and phase controller 200, flexibility 210, phased arrays 450, 490, beam combiners 530, 530?, and separators 344, 430, and other features to generate, transport, and deliver high power laser beams.

Abstract: A thermal nonlinear cell and method. The cell includes a substantially planar nonlinear medium and a mechanism for removing thermal energy from the medium in a direction substantially orthogonal to said medium. In one embodiment, the mechanism for removing thermal energy is a thermally conductive window mounted adjacent to the medium. Preferably, the mechanism includes plural thermally conductive windows between which the nonlinear medium is disposed. In the best mode, the windows are sapphire and the nonlinear medium is a fluid. The windows and the medium are transmissive with respect to first and second beams that interfere with each other and create an interference pattern in the cell. The interference pattern is sampled by a sampling hologram created within the multiple layers of the medium. The interference pattern is used via a sampling hologram to create a phase conjugate of a signal beam. The windows move thermal energy from the medium in a direction transverse to the longitudinal axis of the medium.

Abstract: A stereomicroscopy system and method for generating at least a pair of representations of an object 7 for observation a user 9 are provided, comprising a detection system 15 for providing radiation data corresponding to detected radiation emanating from a region 17 of the object, a position detection apparatus 29 for detecting a position of the user, a location determination device 23 for determining a first and a second location in an object coordinate system 25, an image data generation device 23 for generating image data from the radiation data for a first representation and a second representation representing the region of the object viewed from the first and second locations, respectively, and a display apparatus 75 for displaying the first representation for a left eye of the user and for displaying the second representation for a right eye of the user as a function of the image data.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for visualizing sub-micron size particles employs a polarizing microscope wherein a focused beam of polarized light is projected onto a target, and a portion of the illuminating light is blocked from reaching the specimen, whereby to produce a shadow region, and projecting diffracted light from the target onto the shadow region.

Abstract: An epi-illumination system for an array microscope. For Kohler illumination, illumination light sources are placed, actually or virtually, at the pupils of respective individual microscope elements of an array microscope. In one Kohler illumination embodiment, the light source is a point source comprising the tip of an optical fiber placed on the optical axis at the pupil of its corresponding microscope element. In another Kohler illumination embodiment, the illumination light is provided by a reflective boundary placed on the optical axis of a corresponding microscope element. For critical illumination the light sources are placed at locations conjugate with their respective object planes so as to image the light sources thereon.

Abstract: A screen includes a reflecting layer, a reflecting layer, a reflecting layer and a base material in the order of description from the light incidence side, wherein the reflecting layer, reflecting layer, and reflecting layer reflect the R light, G light, and B light which are the lights in specific wavelength regions and transmit outer light which is the light in the other wavelength region different from the specific wavelength region.

Abstract: A projection screen including a polarized-light selective reflection layer having a cholesteric liquid crystalline structure that causes selective diffuse-reflection of a specific polarized-light component, and a substrate for supporting the polarized-light selective reflection layer. The polarized-light selective reflection layer includes three partial selective reflection layers, each of which contains molecules of a liquid crystal made from an organic compound, forming an organic film as a whole, and has a cholesteric liquid crystalline structure that causes selective diffuse-reflection of a specific polarized-light component. Each partial selective reflection layer of the polarized-light selective reflection layer is ordered according to wavelength of the range of light reflected. Beginning from the observation side, the order is as follows: blue (B) color wave range, green (G) color wave range, and red (R) color wave range.

Abstract: Various configurations of a virtually imaged phased array (VIPA) generator in combination with a mirror to compensate for chromatic dispersion. A VIPA generator produces a light traveling from the VIPA generator. In some embodiments, a variable curvature mirror is positioned to reflect the light back to the VIPA generator. A rotation axis around which the mirror is rotated and a translation path for the rotation axis are provided, to change the curvature of the mirror where the output light is reflected. In other embodiments, a plurality of mirrors have different surface curvatures. A holder has a rotation axis and holds the plurality of mirrors equidistantly from the rotation axis. The holder is rotatable around the rotation axis to bring a different, respective mirror in position to reflect light produced by a VIPA generator back to the VIPA generator. In other embodiments, a rotating mirror is rotatable about a rotation axis to reflect light produced by a VIPA generator to a respective fixed mirror.

Abstract: Disclosed is a front filter in a plasma display panel (PDP), in which the front filter comprises an impact-absorbing layer attached to a front surface of the panel and composed of one of EVA, acrylic polymers, and PVC to be able to absorb external impacts.

Abstract: In an optical filter, a thin film is formed by laminating low refractive index layers alternatingly from a substrate side with high refractive index layers. The thin film is provided with first, second, and third laminated portions. In the first laminated portion, the refractive indices of the high refractive index layers become gradually higher. In the second laminated portion, the refractive indices of the high refractive index layers are substantially equal to the highest refractive index of the high refractive index layers constituting the first laminated portion. In the third laminated portion, the refractive indices of the high refractive index layers become gradually lower, and the refractive indices of the low refractive index layers are substantially equal to the lowest refractive index of the low refractive index layers constituting the second laminated portion.

Abstract: An optical substrate includes a transparent substrate; an interference spot-preventing layer composed of at least one sublayer, the interference spot-preventing layer being coated on the transparent substrate; and a hard coat layer disposed on the interference spot-preventing layer. In the optical substrate, when the complex refractive index of the hard coat layer at light of 550 nm is represented as nH?ik, nH is 1.45 to 1.59 and k is substantially zero. When the optical admittance of the interface between the interference spot-preventing layer and the hard coat layer is represented as (x+iy), x and y satisfy the formula of (x?nH)2+y2?0.08.

Abstract: An optical manipulation system is disclosed that includes an array of focusing elements, which focuses the energy beamlets from an array of beamlet sources into an array of focal spots in order to individually manipulate a plurality of samples on an adjacent substrate.

Abstract: A mounting assembly for a vision enhancement device and associated vision enhancement display, the assembly comprising a display mounted to an arm positionable in front of the user's eye, a base member for receiving a cradle for the vision enhancement device and for attaching to a head-mounting platform, and one or more intermediate members for connecting the arm to the cradle. In one embodiment, the mounting system comprises one or more mechanisms for aligning the display optical axis with the vision enhancement device optical axis and with the user's line of sight, one or more mechanisms for orienting the vision enhancement device within multiple degrees of freedom without changing the alignment of the display optical axis with the device optical axis, and one or more mechanisms for toggling the display between an in-use position to at least one storage position, and, optionally, between right eye and left eye positions.

Abstract: Microlenses and microlens arrays made from Group III-nitride material.

Abstract: A zoom lens system includes plural optical units each of which includes plural optical elements each having a rotationally asymmetrical surface, and changes optical power as the optical elements in each of the plural optical units move in directions different from an optical axis, wherein the plural optical units have first and second units, and when the optical power of the first unit changes from positive to negative, the second unit changes from negative to positive, wherein a variation range of the optical power of an entire system includes a point where the first and second units have the same optical power, and wherein the point shifts to a side where optical power is greater than a center of the variation range of the optical power of the entire system.

Abstract: A zoom optical system according to the present invention is provided with, in order from an object side thereof: a first lens group having a negative refractive power; a second lens group having a positive refractive power; a third lens group having a negative refractive power; and a fourth lens group having a positive refractive power. The zoom optical system moves at least the second lens group and the third lens group for zooming operation from a wide-angle end to a telephoto end. The zoom optical system moves the third lens group for a focusing operation. The first lens group is provided with, in order from the object side of the zoom optical system, a meniscus lens having a negative refractive power whose concave surface faces an image side of the zoom optical system, a reflective optical element, and at least one lens.

Abstract: Disclosed is a zoom lens system, in order from an object side to an image side, including: a first lens unit having a positive optical power; a second lens unit having a negative optical power; a third lens unit having a positive optical power; and a fourth lens unit having a positive optical power, in which during zooming, intervals of the lens units are changed. In such a zoom lens system, a material having a large refractive index is adopted for a material constituting a negative lens element disposed on the most object side in the second lens unit, whereby high optical performance is realized while the whole lens system is miniaturized.

Abstract: A zoom lens includes: a first lens group with a positive refractive power; a second lens group with a negative refractive power; a third lens group with a positive refractive power; a fourth lens group with a positive refractive power, which are arranged in this order from an object side of the zoom lens. The first lens group and the third lens group are positioned statically. The second lens group is moved for zooming the zoom lens. The fourth lens group is moved for correcting a focus movement caused by the zooming and is further moved for focusing the zoom lens. The second lens group is provided with: a negative lens in a meniscus shape; a negative lens; a positive lens; and a negative lens, which are arranged in this order from an objective side of the zoom lens.

Abstract: In an optical system, there is disposed a solid material having refractive surfaces on both of the light incidence side and a light emergence side, and the Abbe number vd and the partial dispersion ratio ?gF satisfy the conditions: ?2.100×10?3·vd+0.693<?gF; and 0.555<?gF<0.6.

Abstract: At least one exemplary embodiment is directed to a zoom lens system which includes a first lens unit having a positive optical power, a second lens unit having a negative optical power and positioned on the image side of the first lens unit, a third lens unit having a positive optical power and positioned on the image side of the second lens unit, a fourth lens unit having a positive optical power and positioned on the image side of the third lens unit, and an F-number determining member. The F-number determining member can be positioned between a vertex of an object-side lens surface of a lens that is nearest to an object side in the third lens unit and an intersecting point of the object-side lens surface and a peripheral portion of the lens in a direction of an optical axis.

Abstract: A single lens homogenizer for converting a wide, parallel, in-phase Gaussian beam into a narrow uniform-power beam and shooting an object with the narrow uniform-power beam is proposed. A tilt error induces beam deformation. A single lens homogenizer which can reduce the beam deformation induced by the tilt error is proposed. A suitable homogenizer is a convex/flat lens having a convex aspherical surface on the light source side and a flat surface on the object side. Another preferable homogenizer is a convex/convex lens having a convex surface on the light source side and a convex surface on the object side. At least one of the convex surfaces is an aspherical convex surface.

Abstract: An optical component (10a) for at least two pencils (4, 5) of rays has at least one one-piece element (1, 2) of inorganic optical material and at least two segments (6, 7) which are coordinated with the pencils of rays and of which the first segment (6) is substantially surrounded by the at least one second segment (7). According to the invention, a depression (8a) is provided between the first and the at least one second segment (6 and 7), respectively. This is formed in such a way that the first segment (6) is substantially optically shielded from the at least one second segment (7) and is held by means of at least one material bridge from the second segment with a stable attitude thereto.

Abstract: An imaging lens includes, in sequence from the object side to the image plane side: a first lens with a convex object side surface and having a positive overall index of refraction; an aperture stop having a predetermined diameter; a second lens with a convex object side surface and having an overall positive index of refraction; and a third lens with a concave object side surface and an overall negative index of refraction. At least one surface of the first lens is formed as an aspherical surface. Both surfaces of the third lens are formed as aspherical surfaces, with the image side surface having an inflection point at which the curvature of the surface changes within the effective diameter range. The imaging lens provides superior optical characteristics and is compact and suited for use in mobile cameras installed in portable telephones, PDAs, and the like.

Abstract: An arrangement serves for the adjustment of an optical element (1), in particular of a lens in an optical system, in particular in a projection lens system for semiconductor lithography. The optical element (1) is mounted in a mount (3) by means of a number of bearing feet (2) distributed over the circumference of the optical element (1) and is selectively deformable by actuators (5). At least some of the bearing feet (2) are engaged by the actuators (5) in a region of the respective bearing foot (2) in such a way that the respective bearing foot (2) can be displaced in the direction of the optical axis (7).

Abstract: An optical system to attain a clear image of an object when the object is photographed in a state where an optical axis of a lens is inclined relative to the object, includes a lens which refracts light radiating from the object, an image producing surface on which the image of the object is produced according to the light refracted by the lens, and an image producing surface control unit which controls the image producing surface to move with respect to the lens. The image producing surface control unit includes an angle control unit to control an angle between an optical axis of the lens and the image producing surface.

Abstract: A patterned master carrier for magnetic transfer is used to transfer a magnetization pattern, which does not cause a problem such as an error attributable to a subpulse upon signal reproduction, to a slave medium. A signal pattern on a surface of a patterned master carrier for the magnetic transfer includes signal areas and no-signal areas, and the signal area is provided with an actual signal pattern and a dummy signal pattern adjacent to the no-signal area. Therefore, the actual signal pattern is not adjacent to the no-signal area.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method and apparatus for detecting and monitoring a bi-state head when self-servowriting a disk drive. In one embodiment, an integration window is opened about an expected time that a read head will read spiral servo information. An integration value associated with the integration window is determined. Next, a determination is made as to whether the integration value is less than a predetermined low amplitude limit. If it is, a comparison is made between a location of a maximum sync frame of a read signal envelope in the integration window and the center of the integration window. The read head is identified as a bi-state head if the location of the maximum sync frame is greater than a predetermined off-center limit relative to the location of the center of the integration window.

Abstract: One or more bits are added to the embedded repeatable runout correction (ERRC) bit pattern of a servo field so that errors in ERRC bit patterns can be detected and in certain cases corrected. If four bits are added, a single bit error in an ERRC bit pattern can be detected and corrected. If five bits are added, two bit errors in the ERRC bit pattern can be detected. In accordance with the preferred embodiment, the invention uses a single encode table and a single decode table to encode the ERRC pattern to be written to the disk and to decode the ERRC pattern read back from the disk.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method to remove a resonance frequency of a system in which an unnecessary resonance frequency occurs in a head stack assembly (HSA) having a head for reading/writing data. The HSA is identified and filtered to prevent mechanical damage caused by resonance. The system is artificially excited to identify a potential resonance frequency of the system. The system is designed so that the identified resonance frequency is filtered. Thus, resonance frequency components outside of Nyquist frequency bandwidth of the system can also be identified. Also, the resonance frequency can very easily be identified in a time domain without a complicated calculation process such as an additional frequency transformation process. Coefficients of a programmable filter are updated using the identified resonance frequency to prevent mechanical damage caused by resonance and improve a servo tracking performance and reliability of data.

Abstract: A data recording medium has tracks with pseudo-noise (PN) sequences with good autocorrelation properties as servo information for controlling the position of the recording head. A first set of alternating tracks uses a leading pseudo-random binary sequence (PRBS), which is a PN sequence with good autocorrelation properties, and a following PRBS that is cyclically shifted from the leading PRBS. A second set of alternating tracks interleaved with the first set also has a leading PRBS and a following PRBS that is cyclically shifted from the leading PRBS, but the leading PRBS in each of the tracks in the second set is offset along-the-track from the leading PRBS in the tracks of the first set. The head positioning control system uses the leading PRBS to generate a servo timing mark (STM), the cyclic shift to generate track identification (TID), and the following PRBS from adjacent tracks to generate the head position error signal (PES).

Abstract: A test pattern generator for generating test patterns for testing a servo circuit of a read/write head system. The pattern generator uses a relatively simple encoding technique to produce test patterns that have peaks with phase characteristics similar or identical to the phase characteristics of peaks of real data patterns, such as real BPS and sync mark patterns, for example, stored on a hard disk. The encoded data patterns are output to servo control logic to test the ability of the servo control logic to detect the patterns.

Abstract: An apparatus for providing dynamic equalizer optimization is disclosed. The present invention solves the above-described problems by providing equalizer coefficient updates that converge towards the same solution as the direct method without having to first write a known pattern to the disk or requiring any prior knowledge of the data already written on the disk. The adaptive cosine function may be used to modify only a DFIR tap set, only the j and k parameters of a cosine equalizer or to modify both the tap set for a DFIR filter and the j and k parameters of the cosine equalizer. Another algorithm, such as the LMS algorithm, may be used to modify parameters not modified by the cosine algorithm.

Abstract: A cartridge handling system and method initialize a data storage cartridge having rewritable media for tamper resistant write once recording. A write once flag is written to a lockable section of a cartridge memory; the lockable section is locked to read-only; and a write once flag is written to a required data set of the rewritable media. Thus, write once flags are provided both at the locked read-only section of the cartridge memory, and at the required data set of the rewritable media.

Abstract: A disk drive controls head velocity during ramp load/unload by measuring voltages across a VCM and a sense resistor in series with the VCM, calculating a back EMF voltage using the VCM and sense resistor voltages, and adjusting the head velocity using the back EMF voltage. An embodiment includes amplifying the VCM and sense resistor voltages, multiplexing the amplified voltages, digitizing the multiplexed voltages and calculating the back EMF voltage in discrete-time based on the digitized voltages. Another embodiment includes selecting between PWM and IR cancellation techniques and calculating the back EMF voltage using the selected technique.

Abstract: A slider (2?) with a reduced fly height is disclosed. The slider includes a small micropad (66) on the lower surface (22?) of the slider (2?). A sensor region (62) of a head (61) that is carried by the slider (2?) protrudes into the micropad (66). The fluid pressure acting on an air bearing surface system (26) on the lower surface (22?) of the slider (2?) is insufficient to dispose the entire lower surface (22?) of the slider (2?) in spaced relation to its corresponding disk (136) during the initial portion of the very first operation of the disk drive. The micropad (66) is thereby burnished, and continues to burnish until the air bearing surface system (26) assumes a position relative to the disk (136) that allows the fluid pressure acting on the air bearing surface system (26) to dispose the entire lower surface (22?) of the slider (2?) in spaced relation to the disk (136).

Abstract: In a feedback control mechanism for active damping of slider air bearing vibrations in a hard disk drive slider, a filter is used to filter a velocity signal from a slider to acquire a vibration signal. A phase-shifter, electrically coupled with the filter, shifts the phase of the vibration signal. An amplifier, electrically coupled with the phase-shifter, adjusts the amplitude of the phase-shifted vibration signal to achieve an amplitude adjusted vibration signal. An electrical coupler couples the amplitude adjusted vibration signal to the slider for actively damping air bearing vibrations in the slider.

Abstract: A disk drive provides increased read and write element widths and tolerances, and also provides reduced track widths. The head with the read and write elements has a large skew angle relative to the tracks on the disk. The skew angle reduces the effective width of the read and write elements. Based on this reduction in effective width, the physical width of the read and write elements may be increased. Furthermore, the width of the tracks may be reduced instead of, or in addition to, the increased read and write element width.

Abstract: A head position control system control the position of the head by correcting the components synchronizing rotation of the disk from the head control amount, in which an adjusted gain to minimize the components synchronizing rotation after correction is theoretically acquired. An adjusted gain based on the ratio of the magnitude between the components synchronizing rotation of a disk and the components not synchronizing rotation of the disk in the position signals is used. And a gain to minimize RRO after correction can be theoretically determined using an expression to determine RRO after correction. The gain can be determined without depending on experiment, and the value of RRO after correction can be guaranteed, therefore the manufacturing time and the device specifications can be determined.

Abstract: A process for continually compensating for the microjog error resulting from RRO. Typically, the 1F RRO is the most significant, but the method could be applied to the microjog error caused by RRO of other frequencies. The process continually determines an instantaneous microjog error based on the RRO and adjusts the read element target position throughout one revolution, such that the write element remains centered on its intended position.

Abstract: A mechanical gripper mechanism for transporting and handling storage devices including a sensor to determine the position of opposing gripper fingers is provided. The gripper mechanism includes a pair of opposing gripper fingers rotatably mounted to a picker frame, each having a distal end adapted to engage a storage device. The gripper mechanism further includes at least one optically detectable indicator associated with the position and movement of the gripper fingers, and an optical sensor positioned to detect at least one of the optically detectable indicators. In one example, the at least one optically detectable indicators are disposed in a curve coupled to a gear associated with rotating the gripper fingers.

Abstract: Thus, if a shock or other disturbance to the system occurs that tilts the bearing assembly, the resulting motion is both a tilting, and a motion which is axial. If a shock axially moves the hub assembly, only an axial motion occurs. Thus the system has a non-linear behavior. Pursuant to this invention, when a tilting disturbance occurs, and some of it is dissipated in a net axial movement at a different frequency, energy is subtracted out of the system with motion that is not linearly related to the disturbance was that created it.

Abstract: A recording head to simultaneously read or write data to and from a plurality of tracks on magnetic tape, while compensating for shrinkage or expansion caused by moisture, temperature, creep caused by tension in the tape, creep caused by dimensional instability of the tape, as well as other causes. A recording head in accordance with the invention includes a leading module and a trailing module. In order to accommodate fluctuation in tape dimensions due to expansion or shrinkage, the leading and trailing modules may be offset with respect to one another. By offsetting one module with respect to the other, selected read and write elements from one module may more closely align with certain tracks of an expanded or shrunk tape, while other read and write elements from the other module may more closely align with other tracks on the tape.

Abstract: A magnetic tape head system and associated method are disclosed. Included is one or more head assemblies each including a base with a row bar coupled thereto with a head situated therein for defining a tape bearing surface defining a tape wrap angle with respect to a horizontal plane. A length of the tape bearing surface is between approximately 0.57 millimeters and 0.7 millimeters and the tape wrap angle is between approximately 0.5 degrees and 1.3 degrees such that a resolution of the magnetic tape head system is substantially independent of a velocity of the tape.

Abstract: For high track density recording, tighter reader and writer track width control are essential. This has been achieved by using a plated NiPd write gap which is self-aligned with a plated 23 KG pole material.