Abstract: Hydraulic actuator as an element of a system for controlling an engine valve is presented. The actuator includes a fluidic actuation chamber, defined by an actuation piston that increases chamber volume as the actuation piston is urged away from a neutral. Chamber includes a high pressure fluid inlet and a fluid outlet. A fluidic actuator control chamber, defined by a control piston connected to the actuation piston that increases chamber volume as the actuation piston is urged away from neutral. A control fluid outlet is connected to a fluid control spool valve. The fluid outlet of the actuation chamber is fluidly connected to an inlet of the control valve. There is a valve actuation plunger operably connected to the actuation piston, and a drain outlet to maintain a fluidic backpressure to the actuator control chamber.

Abstract: Actuators, and corresponding methods and systems for controlling such actuators, provide independent lift and timing control with minimum energy consumption. In an exemplary embodiment, an actuation cylinder in a housing defines a longitudinal axis and having first and second ends in first and second directions. An actuation piston in the cylinder, with first and second surfaces, is moveable along the longitudinal axis. First and second actuation springs bias the actuation piston in the first and second directions, respectively. A first fluid space is defined by the first end of the actuation cylinder and the first surface of the actuation piston, and a second fluid space is defined by the second end of the actuation cylinder and the second surface of the actuation piston. A fluid bypass short-circuits the first and second fluid spaces when the actuation piston is not substantially proximate to either the first or second end of the actuation cylinder.

Abstract: A phaser comprising a housing, a rotor, and first and second passages. The housing has at least one chamber defined by an advance wall, an arcuate outer wall, and a retard wall. The rotor has at least one vane projecting from an outer circumference, separating the chamber in the housing into advance and retard chambers. The first passage facilitates fluid communication to a first port in the advance or retard chamber and a second passage to a second port in the other advance or retard chambers. Each port is spaced apart form the first wall or second wall of the vane, such that when the vane is moved towards the advance or retard wall of the chamber far enough, the passages are obstructed by the housing and fluid flow to the passages is restricted, such that impact of the vane with the walls of the chamber is cushioned.

Abstract: A system and method to control engine valve timing to during the start of an internal combustion engine. Valves that may be deactivated are controlled in a manner to reduce hydrocarbon emissions during the start of an internal combustion engine.

Abstract: A system and method for mounting engine driven accessories to the front of a small block Ford motor includes a bracket which bolts to the front of the cylinder block. Included within the bracket are mountings for a power steering pump, a compressor for an air conditioning system, a water pump, an alternator, and a belt tensioner. Part of the bracket acts as part of the housing for the water pump. Another part of the housing acts as a cover for the timing chain.

Abstract: In one embodiment according to the invention, there is disclosed a bearing for surrounding a rotating shaft. The bearing comprises at least one external opening communicating with an exterior of the bearing; and at least one ramped internal cavity, each cavity communicating with one of the at least one external openings and an interior of the bearing. In another embodiment, there is disclosed a method for urging a lubricating fluid into an internal pressure gallery of a rotating shaft.

Abstract: The invention relates to an internal combustion engine that can be operated in compression ignition mode, the engine comprising a fuel injector for each cylinder; a fuel injection controller for controlling fuel injection quantity and a piston in each cylinder whose compression action causes a mixture of air and fuel to be ignited. The engine is further provided with inlet and outlet valves and sensors for measuring various engine operating parameters. During compression ignition mode, the control unit controls the fuel injector to perform a first fuel injection before top dead center of the exhaust stroke during a period of negative valve overlap, and a second fuel injection during the piston compression stroke. The control unit may perform a switch between a first fuel injection strategy and at least one further fuel injection strategy in response to a change in load demand on the engine.

Abstract: A method for monitoring an internal combustion engine is described in which fuel is injected directly into at least one combustion chamber in at least two partial injections via at least one final controlling element, in which an actual torque is determined at least on the basis of one fuel mass that is to be injected and/or has been injected, such actual torque being compared with a permitted torque of the internal combustion engine and an error response being initiated if the actual torque is in a predefined ratio to the permitted torque. A corresponding application of the method for monitoring an internal combustion engine as well as a corresponding device are also described.

Abstract: In an control apparatus and a control method for an internal combustion engine with a variable valve-characteristic mechanism that changes a valve characteristic that includes at least one of the duration and the maximum lift of an intake valve, the operating position of the mechanism is detected, and the mechanism is controlled so that a value of the valve characteristic corresponding to the operating position is equal to a target value corresponding to an engine operating state. After the target value is changed so that the intake valve opens/closes in accordance with a specific value of the valve characteristic, the operating position of the mechanism is learned as a reference position for the control of the valve characteristic. An intake-air-amount adjustment device upstream of the intake valve is controlled to offset the change in the amount of intake air caused by changing the target value when the reference position is learned.

Abstract: A combustion control apparatus configured to operate a direct-injection spark-ignition internal combustion engine in a top dead center injection operating mode. In the top dead center injection operating mode, a fuel injection start timing is set to be before compression top dead center, a fuel injection end timing is set to be after compression top dead center, and an ignition timing is set to be after compression top dead center. The combustion control apparatus is configured to promote incylinder fuel spray penetration.

Abstract: A fuel injector for an internal combustion engine which has a spray hole designed geometrically to produce a spray of fuel so that substantially 70% or more of an amount of the spray hits a preselected area of a head of an intake valve of the engine when the intake valve is closed. The preselected area is one of a first and a second area of the intake valve head which are defined by a reference boundary line extending through a base end of a stem of the intake valve. The preselected area is the first area closer to an intake manifold, while the second area is closer to an exhaust valve. This avoids rich misfire and reduces HC emissions from the engine regardless of the intake valve is in a closed state or in an open state.

Abstract: An engine system comprising of at least one fuel injector sensor coupled to at least one fuel injector of a first group of cylinders; at least one fuel injector sensor coupled to at least one fuel injector of a second group of cylinders; and a controller configured to operate the engine system in at least a first mode and a second mode, where in the first mode the first and second cylinder groups combust air and injected fuel, where in the second mode at least one of the first and second cylinder groups combusts air and injected fuel and the other one of the first and second cylinder groups pumps air without injecting fuel; where in the first mode the controller sets a degradation condition responsive to detection of inactivity of the at least one fuel injector by the at least one fuel injection sensors; and where in the second mode the controller sets a degradation condition responsive to at least one of detection of fuel injection activity in both the first and second groups of cylinders by the fuel injecti

Abstract: An internal combustion engine provided with a common rail (13) and fuel injectors (3) connected to the common rail (13). When pilot injection is performed, the injection pressure pulsates. At this time, the injection amount of the main injection fluctuates by a certain fluctuation pattern. If indicating on an abscissa a time interval from when pilot injection is started to when main injection is started and indicating on the ordinate a fluctuation amount of main injection, the fluctuation pattern of the injection amount of the main injection becomes a form contracted or expanded in the abscissa direction in accordance with the fuel properties. This characteristic is utilized to find the fluctuation amount of the injection amount of the main injection.

Abstract: In a fuel injection system including at least one fuel injector which includes an inflow section and a fuel distributor line which includes for each fuel injector a coupling connection, an annular gasket support is provided for a sealing connection of the inflow section with the coupling connection; this gasket support cooperates with a first sealing element for sealing the gasket support from an end face of the inflow section and includes a second sealing element for sealing the gasket support from the coupling connection. A guide section of the inflow section passes through the gasket support, and a retaining ring is provided on the inflow section secures the gasket support so that it is movable in the radial direction between the retaining ring and the end face.

Abstract: A fuel rail cup is provided with a lead-in volume of one-third a receiving volume of the fuel rail cup that allows insertion of an O-ring mounted on a fuel injector inlet to be inserted at 20 pound-force or less. A method of inserting the fuel injector inlet with an O-ring surrounding the fuel injector inlet into a receiving volume of a fuel rail cup is also provided.

Abstract: A device and method for conditioning and/or volumetric heating fuel within an internal combustion engine in order to enhance fuel combustion and emission performance is provided. Such a device can include a combustion chamber defined by combustion walls, a fuel injector configured to eject a fuel spray having a trajectory within the combustion chamber, an energy source capable of emitting electromagnetic energy, and an energy focusing member configured to focus the electromagnetic energy along the trajectory to volumetric heat and condition the fuel spray.

Abstract: A method and system for controlling the temperature of recirculated exhaust gas in an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system, such as those used in connection with diesel engines. An EGR loop (which may be either a high pressure loop or a low pressure loop) has a dual-leg segment with an EGR cooler on one leg and an EGR heater on the other leg. By means of a valve, the EGR gas may be diverted to either one leg or the other, thereby providing either cooled or heated EGR gas to the engine.

Abstract: An intake pipe downstream of a throttle valve is interconnected with an exhaust pipe via an EGR supply pipe and an EGR control valve is disposed in the EGR supply pipe. An engine load ratio (KLoff) in the engine steady operation with the EGR gas being not supplied, and another engine load ratio KLon in the engine steady operation with the EGR gas being supplied are expressed with respective linear functions of an intake pipe pressure (Pm) and stored in advance. The intake pipe pressure (Pm) is detected, KLoff and KLon are calculated from the detected intake pipe pressure (Pm) using the linear function expressions and, then, a difference between these values ?KL (=KLoff?KLon) is calculated. Based on the difference (?KL), the EGR control valve passing-through gas amount, which is an amount of the EGR gas passing through the EGR control valve, is calculated.

Abstract: During a learning mode period, the fuel correction coefficient is forcibly changed three times from a situation in which no correction is necessary, whereby the fuel injection quantity of each cylinder is forcibly changed three times. A cross-correlation between the estimated air-fuel ratio and the fuel correction coefficient, which are calculated based on the detected value of the air-fuel ratio sensor every 60° CA, is evaluated to learn a deviation of the air-fuel ratio detecting timing from the appropriate value.

Abstract: A system and method for utilizing a humidity sensor with an internal combustion engine of a vehicle is described. Specifically, information from the humidity sensor is used to adjust a desired air-fuel ratio to reduce engine misfire while improving vehicle fuel economy. Further, such information is also used to adjust timing and/or lift of the valve in the engine cylinder. Finally, diagnostic routines are also described.

Abstract: Disclosed is a space heater, with an air cleaning function, that monitors combustion at a burner, and prevents the halting of combustion due to the erroneous detection of a combustion abnormality.

Abstract: A feed system for an aerosolizer utilizes an ampoule containing a liquid and includes a housing having an ampoule region into which the ampoule is held, and a liquid receiving region that is adapted to receive liquid dispensed from the ampoule. An interface is used to couple the liquid receiving region to an aerosol generator, whereby liquid from the liquid receiving region is permitted to flow to the aerosol generator for aerosolization.

Abstract: In one embodiment, the invention provides a device for decreasing intracranial or intraocular pressures. The device comprises a housing having an inlet opening and an outlet opening that is adapted to be interfaced with a person's airway. The device further includes a valve system that is operable to regulate respiratory gas flows through the housing and into the person's lungs during spontaneous or artificial inspiration. The valve system assists in lowering intrathoracic pressures during each inspiration to repetitively lower pressures in the venous blood vessels that transport blood out of the head to thereby reduce intracranial or intraocular pressures.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method for modulating a person's autonomic function comprises interfacing a valve system to the person's airway, the valve system being configured to decrease or prevent respiratory gas flow to the person's lungs during at least a portion of an inhalation event. The person is permitted to inhale and exhale through the valve system, wherein during inhalation the valve system functions to produce a vacuum within the thorax to transiently decrease intrathoracic pressure and thereby modulate the person's autonomic function.

Abstract: A portable, wearable vest supports an air supply tube to a patient mask or interface in a continuous positive air pressure system. In one embodiment, the vest contains and supports motor and battery components. In another embodiment, the vest couples a remote CPAP unit to a patient interface.

Abstract: An inhalation opening 6 and an exhalation-opening 4 are formed in the facepiece 2 of a breathing apparatus 1 and the openings can be closed with an inhalation valve 8 and exhalation valve 7, respectively. If a person wearing the breathing apparatus 1 inhales, the inhalation valve 8 is open and the exhalation valve 7 is closed. A photointerrupter 11 senses the closing operation of the exhalation valve 7 and supplies electric power to a motor 9 to drive a blower 16.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for implanting a surgical apparatus including a first flange having an opening, a second flange having an opening, and a shaft having a lumen connecting the first and second flange openings. The surgical apparatus is inserted into a stoma formed in the trachea of a patient. The surgical apparatus receives and secures an oxygen supply line for patients who have difficulty breathing.

Abstract: A long term oxygen therapy system having an oxygen supply directly linked with a patients lung or lungs may be utilized to more efficiently treat hypoxia caused by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease such as emphysema and chronic bronchitis. The system includes an oxygen source, one or more valves and fluid carrying conduits. The fluid carrying conduits link the oxygen source to diseased sites within the patients lungs. A collateral ventilation bypass trap system directly linked with a patient's lung or lungs may be utilized to increase the expiratory flow from the diseased lung or lungs, thereby treating another aspect of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The system includes a trap, a filter/one-way valve and an air carrying conduit.

Abstract: Two nasal breathing devices are supplied with continuous positive airway pressure for alleviation of sleep apnea. The two nasal breathing devices are each supported on a spiral flexible supply tube. The supply tubes pass through a block. The block is supported on the patient's head below his nostrils. A stop nut is threaded on each of the spiral flexible supply tubes. The supply tubes and nasal breathing devices are individually adjustable by rotating the stop nut on each of the supply tubes. In this way, the nasal breathing devices are individually adjusted for proper nasal contact and sealing.

Abstract: Cigarettes are manufactured using modified automated cigarette making apparatus. Those cigarettes possess smokable rods having paper wrapping materials having additive materials applied thereto as patterns. The additive materials, are applied to a continuous paper web on the cigarette making apparatus. The formulation can be applied to the paper web using application apparatus possessing rollers, and one of those rollers has a series of pockets in its roll face to receive additive formulation from a reservoir and to define the pattern of the formulation on the paper. The automated cigarette making apparatus can comprise multiple components. A first component of the assembly provides a source of paper web, applies additive material to that web in a pattern and dries the paper web; while a second component receives the paper web, supplies tobacco filler and manufactures a cigarette rod from the paper web and tobacco filler.

Abstract: A hair curler roller including a hardened and substantially spool-shaped core. A foam outer layer is applied about an exterior surface associated with the core, said outer layer further including a smooth fabric satin covering. A clamp mechanism is engageably secured about an annular surface associated with the spool-shaped core, the clamp mechanism including inwardly directed and extending serrated edges. The clamp mechanism is manipulated between opened and closed positions, and such that the serrated edges biasingly sandwich a user's hair wound about the outer layer.

Abstract: A method for cleaning optics in a chamber. The method can include introducing a first etchant into a chamber that encloses an optical component and a source of electromagnetic radiation that is suitable for lithography, ionizing the first etchant, and removing debris from a surface of the optical component.

Abstract: There are disclosed a production apparatus for producing a gallium nitride semiconductor film by HVPE process, a cleaning apparatus for cleaning exhaust gas coming from the above apparatus and an overall production plant for producing a gallium nitride semiconductor by HVPE process. Therein exhaust piping for exhaust gas in the production apparatus, introduction piping for the cleaning apparatus and exhaust gas piping which connects the production apparatus and the cleaning apparatus are each composed of an electroconductive corrosion-resistant material and are each electrically grounded, thereby surely preventing electrostatic charging due to friction between ammonium chloride powders in the exhaust gas and inside walls of exhaust gas piping, and markedly enhancing operational safety.

Abstract: A dishwasher that fits within the conventional U.S. residential dishwasher counter space and uses the conventional U.S. residential power supply to achieve within a convenient cycle time the same standard of sanitation as set forth for commercial and residential hot water sanitizing dishwashers.

Abstract: A chemical supply system comprises, as principal elements, a chemical storage tank in which a liquid chemical for cleaning is stored in the state of its formulated concentrate, a chemical supply apparatus connected to the chemical storage tank for positively performing chemical supply, a piping system connected to the chemical supply apparatus to form a supply flow passage that is a passage for ultrapure water which the liquid chemical is to be mixed with, a pair of discharge nozzles disposed at end portions of the piping system so as to oppose surfaces of a wafer set in a cleaning chamber to supply a cleaning liquid onto the surfaces. Thereby, remarkable miniaturization/simplification of a cleaning liquid supply system including chemical tanks is intended, it is made possible easily and rapidly to compound and supply a cleaning liquid at an accurate chemical concentration, and particles or the like being generated and mixing in a cleaning liquid, are suppressed to the extremity.

Abstract: A first supplementary fabric 117 and a rainwater guiding fabric 118 are equipped between an inner door fabric 112 and a first zipper tape 113 attached to this, and a first waterproof tape 114 is attached on the sewing line of the reverse of the first supplementary fabric 117, so the rainwater that comes into the first zipper tape 113 by thee rainwater guiding fabric 118 can be guided downward to be discharged. And, by attaching a second waterproof tape 104 to the part of the sewing line that is formed when sewing a second supplementary fabric 109 to which an outer door fabric 102 and the second zipper tape 103 attached to this are connected, rainwater can be prevented from penetrating through the sewing line of the outer door fabrics 102.

Abstract: Complex fluidic micro electromechanical systems (MEMS) are incorporated into high purity chemical delivery systems, while maintaining valve sealing integrity, quality and performance of the system. In particular, fluidic MEMS systems are incorporated into high purity chemical delivery systems for semiconductor fabrication processes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a solenoid valve. The end of valve, which points away from the magnet core towards the magnet armature, bears against an area of a valve tappet remote from the valve seat. The valve tappet is positioned so that it can be displaced in a bore of the magnet armature in order to adjust the preloading force of the spring.

Abstract: A self-contained oxygen generator containing a PSA unit and a flowmeter in the outlet line. The flowmeter provides a signal which represents the flow rate of the oxygen in the outlet line. A leakage circuit with a calibrated orifice and a solenoid valve are also located on the outlet line. In response to a signal from the flowmeter, the solenoid can be actuated so as to provide a calibrated leakage at the outlet of the PSA. This calibrated leakage is useful when overall oxygen usage is too low.

Abstract: An inflate/deflate valve of a heavy duty design for use during inflation of inflatable devices such as dunnage bags. Such dunnage bags are used in hostile or rough environments where when deflated the dunnage bags are stacked and compressed into storage drums where the inflate/deflate valves may be crushed or forced against the cuttable or ripable dunnage bag material. As a result, a novel and unique design is provided including a valve body, a spring, an optional washer, a spring retainer, a poppet, poppet seal and an o-ring.

Abstract: A valve includes a housing, a first nozzle, a second nozzle and a switch. The housing defines an inlet channel for communication with a pump, a chamber in communication with the inlet channel, a first outlet channel in communication with the chamber and a second outlet channel in communication with the chamber. The first nozzle is in communication with the first outlet channel. The second nozzle is in communication with the second outlet channel. The switch is received in the chamber and movable between a first position where the inlet is communicated with the first outlet channel through the chamber and a second position where the inlet is communicated with the second outlet channel through the chamber. The first nozzle is for engagement with an inlet of a tire. The second nozzle is for engagement with an inlet of a pneumatically adjustable cushion.

Abstract: A gauge protector that fits over the regulator assembly of a tank and includes a first housing section defining a first cavity for receiving the regulator and a second housing section defining a second cavity for receiving the pressure gauge. The first and second housing sections provide shock protection for the gauge and regulator. The first and second housing sections are rigidly connected to one another and mounted on the regulator assembly such that a force applied to the gauge is at least partially absorbed by the gauge protector and regulator assembly. As a result the force on the gauge is lessened and the integrity of the connection between the gauge and the regulator is maintained.

Abstract: The invention provides a flap valve for controlling the air pressure within a protected space defined by walls, the flap valve including a valve frame attachable to an opening made in the walls, a valve flap, articulated at least indirectly to the frame and being subjectable to both a sealing force which forces the valve flap against the valve frame and to an opening force which lifts a portion of the flap off the valve frame; the flap valve having a first position in which the protected space is sealed off from a contaminated environment, and a second position in which air from the protected space is allowed to escape into the environment via the opening, wherein the sealing force is constituted by at least one spring at least indirectly attached to the valve flap and the valve frame.

Abstract: Apparatuses and methods for accurately determining the position of a sliding or rotational sleeve valve in real time are disclosed. The apparatus comprises fiber optic cable based sensors which are either linearly or circumferentially arrayed in the housing that surrounds the sleeve and which can comprise bare cable or cable having fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs). As the sleeve slides or rotates within the housing, the sensors in the arrays are deformed, and this deformation can be correlated to sleeve position by assessing the sensor's reflectivity profiles. Deformation of the sensors is achieved by various mechanical and/or magnetic schemes incorporated into the sleeve.

Abstract: A noise reducing apparatus and method for handling of fluid comprises a plurality of discs stacked on one another, each disc having a radially inner periphery and a radially outer periphery, and a plurality of fluid flow channels defined on at least some of the discs and extending from the inner periphery to the outer periphery. One or more sound reducing material elements are disposed to extend across at least some of the fluid flow channels so that fluid flowing through the channel passes through the sound absorbing material. Alternatively, a plurality of sound absorbing wafers are disposed in between adjacent discs and form a respective wall of the flow channels with respect to the flow channel of an adjacent disc.

Abstract: A hydrogen distribution valve for alternately distributing gaseous and liquid hydrogen from a tank is disclosed. The hydrogen distribution valve includes a valve housing having a gaseous hydrogen inlet, a liquid hydrogen inlet, a hydrogen outlet and a reference pressure port for receiving a reference hydrogen pressure. A rocker valve is provided in the valve housing for alternately sealing the gaseous hydrogen inlet and the liquid hydrogen inlet. A bias mechanism engages the rocker valve for biasing the rocker valve in sealing engagement with said liquid hydrogen inlet. A valve membrane is provided in fluid communication with the reference pressure port and engages the valve head for biasing the valve head in sealing engagement with the gaseous hydrogen inlet.

Abstract: The movement and mixing of microdroplets through microchannels is described employing silicon-based microscale devices, comprising microdroplet transport channels, reaction regions, electrophoresis modules, and radiation detectors. The discrete droplets are differentially heated and propelled through etched channels. Electronic components are fabricated on the same substrate material, allowing sensors and controlling circuitry to be incorporated in the same device.

Abstract: A modular manifold system is provided for interconnecting fluid components of a fluid system in a reduced area The system is comprised of a one or more bridge fittings having an internal fluid passageway which has an inlet end in fluid communication with an outlet port of a first fluid component, and an outlet end in fluid communication with an inlet port of a second fluid component. The bridge fittings may be mounted within a channel of a backing plate for structural support. An optional locator plate may be utilized which is mounted over the ends of the bridge fittings in order to align the inlet and outlet ports of the fluid components with the inlet and outlet ends of the bridge fittings. The bridge fittings may also be mounted to the locator plate in multiple directions forming multiple flow paths. Additionally, the bridge fittings may be stacked to form multiple layers where bridge fittings of one layer may be in fluid communication with bridge fittings of another layer.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for supporting conduits within a sanitary environment. Some supports are configured so as to avoid the formation of surfaces that might collect dust, debris, cleaning fluids, etc. when installed. In one embodiment, the support includes a pair of opposing support members that may be releasably and sealingly secured together. The upper support member may have a substantially uninterrupted convex surface that has a desired texture. The lower support member may be sized and shaped such that no portion thereof protrudes outwardly beyond the upper member to form any surfaces, pockets, etc. wherein dirt, debris, cleaning fluids, etc. may accumulate. A seal or grommet may be employed to establish a seal between the conduit and support to prevent the infiltration of dirt, debris, cleaning fluids, etc., between the conduit and the conduit support.

Abstract: A jet weaving machine is proposed in which a weft thread (S) can be inserted by means of a fluid from a weft insertion side (2) to a receiving side (3), including a weaving sley (9), along which a weft insertion path (4) extends, which determines a weft insertion direction (A), and including a monitoring apparatus (20) which is arranged at the receiving side (3) and which comprises two sensor devices (21, 22) for detecting the weft thread (S) or parts of the weft thread respectively, with exactly one of the sensor devices (21) being firmly mounted on the weaving sley (9).