Abstract: A pet collar and pet leash that utilize two novel fastening systems/devices, one located on the pet collar and one located on the pet leash, which allow the leash to attach to either side of the collar, and also enabling both the collar and the leash to be easily and completely reversible. Additionally the novel fastening system/device located on the pet leash creates a reversible handle for the leash and also allows for the leash to be secured around certain stationary objects, such as parking meters, while not affecting its reversible properties.

Abstract: A low cost kit for protecting a dog leg includes in one embodiment a sleeve and a plurality of straps, each having an inner surface, an outer surface, an anchor end and a distal end. Adhesive is disposed at the inner surface of the anchor end, and microfasteners are applied at both the outer surface of the anchor end at the inner surface of the distal end. For manufacturing of a custom dog boot, the straps are retained in a position separate and detached from the sleeve until such time that the sleeve is fitted on a dog leg, and thereafter, attached straps are anchored in position on the sleeve that are guided by the particular size and shape of dog leg being protected.

Abstract: This invention is an animal collar having an inset pouch or pocket that can contain an identification card or tag. Modern collars have identification tags that hang from the collar around their buckles. These collars and tags do not allow for changing the identification information easily and often the tags hanging from the collar get lost or ruined through the animal's activities. It would be desirable to provide animal owners with the alternative choice of a collar that allows for easy replacement of the identification information on the animal and provide contact information for the owner. This way, there is an easy way to tell someone who finds a lost pet the correct phone number to call when the owner is away. Or the new identification can direct the person to call whoever is watching over the pet rather than calling a number where nobody is home.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an animal safety collar and methods of operation. One embodiment of the present invention relates to an animal safety collar including a strip of flexible material, an extendable material, a first coupling device, and a second coupling device. The extendable material is coupled to either end of the strip of flexible material so as to form a loop. The loop's circumference may be temporarily increased by expanding the extendable material, causing the ends of the flexible material to move away from one another. This capability allows the collar to expand so the animal can slide out of the collar when it is inadvertently coupled to a fixed object in an unsupervised scenario. The first and second coupling devices are fixably coupled to the ends of the strip of flexible material, respectively. Therefore, when the extendable material is expanded, the first and second coupling device move away from one another.

Abstract: A system for producing one or more gases for enhancing combustion in an internal combustion engine, the engine having an intake, the system comprising: an electrolysis cell, for generating one or more combustion enhancing gases under pressure; a gas conduit, for connecting the electrolysis cell to the internal combustion engine; and a flow regulator, operatively connected between the electrolysis cell and the intake of the engine, for regulating a flow of the combustion enhancing gases to the engine.

Abstract: An engine cooling apparatus includes a cooling water outlet communicating with a water jacket provided in a cylinder block and a cylinder head provided on an intake port side of the cylinder head. A thermostat switches a path for cooling water discharged from the cooling water outlet, according to a cooling water temperature. A thermostat case for the thermostat is disposed downward of a line L extended from a coupling surface between a cylinder block and a cylinder head. The thermostat case and the cooling water outlet are connected via a connecting pipe. This arrangement makes it easy to secure a space for disposing the thermostat.

Abstract: A cooling system includes a radiator for radiating heat of a coolant heated by a fuel cell, and a first main pipe line and a second main pipe line which allow coolant to circulate between the fuel cell and the radiator. A thermostat is located midway through the second main pipe line and adapted to switch the circulation path for the coolant, and a bypass pipe line. The radiator includes a first tank connected to the first main pipe line, a second tank connected to the second main pipe line, and a cooling portion provided between the first tank and the second tank and adapted to perform heat exchange with the outside air. The thermostat is connected to the first tank by the bypass pipe line. The resulting configuration facilitates pipe line routing and increases the freedom of the layout of components.

Abstract: A device containing a far infrared radiation-emitting material over which fuel or other fluids such coolant fluid can flow such that far infrared radiation is emitted into the liquid fuel or coolant resulting in the reduction of toxic exhaust gas and the improvement of the combustion efficiency. The compositions includes a material that can emit far infrared radiation, such as magnetite or quartz-feldspar porphyry. Generally, the far infrared radiation emitting material is contained in a matrix that radiation being emitted to disperse out of the matrix and into the surrounding environment. The preferred matrix is a glass composition even though other materials such as plastics may be used. Preferably the glass composition is in the form of glass beads, which can be any shape but preferably pellets or balls. Also the far infrared radiation-emitting material can be embedded in other materials such as clear plastic, clear silicone or clear fiberglass beads.

Abstract: A combustion-engined setting tool for driving fastening elements such as, e.g., nails, bolts, pins in a constructional component includes a combustion chamber (13) for combusting an oxidant-fuel mixture, elements for closing the inlet opening (15) and the outlet opening (19) provided in the combustion chamber, ventilator (41) for generating a gas flow from the inlet opening through the combustion chamber and toward the outlet opening (19), and a combustion-energy driven drive unit (42) for driving the ventilator.

Abstract: A built multiple cam is disclosed which can be produced at low cost and which can be used in a flexible manner and which requires a small amount of construction space in an axial direction. The built multiple cam comprises the following components: a first partial cam provided with a bore, a cam contour A and a joint contour which is arranged in axial proximity thereto and provided with an outer surface; a second partial cam provided with a bore, a cam contour A and a joint contour which is arranged in axial proximity thereto and provided with an outer surface; a ring which is provided with a cam contour B which is different from cam contour A and an inner contour having an inner surface, wherein the inner surface of the ring can be displaced towards the outer surfaces of the partial cams; and connections which act between the ring and the partial cam ensure a fixed connection between such components. Also disclosed is a method used to produce a built camshaft comprising at least one built multiple cam.

Abstract: In a V-type 8-cylinder engine in which the torque for rotating an intake camshaft is higher when intake valves of a #1 cylinder and a #3 cylinder in a left bank are closed, respective noses of a cam for opening and closing the intake valve of the #1 cylinder and a cam for opening and closing the intake valve of the #3 cylinder are each formed at a phase position displaced by X° (X>0) in the advance direction further from the phase position displaced in the advance direction by 90° with respect to the nose of a cam for opening and closing the intake valve of a cylinder fired after a delay of 180° in crank angle.

Abstract: In order to produce a variable valve lift control system for a combustion engine with underneath camshaft for the adjustment of a valve lift and an opening time of at least one inlet valve and/or outlet valve, load-dependently and rotation speed dependently as well as for the switch-off of individual cylinders of an internal combustion engine, it is suggested that an underneath camshaft (1) drives by means of a push rod (3) via a hydraulic valve clearance adjustment element (2) a rocker lever (4), which has a curve contour (14), which runs on a roller (13) of an intermediate lever (9), which is moveable by means of two rollers (15), which are arranged on one axis, in slotted links (10), which are connected in a fixed manner with a cylinder head, whereby the intermediate lever (9) supports with one contour at an adjustment bar (11), which is conducted in a housing, and rolls with a work curve (16) on a roller (8) of a cam follower (7), and whereby the cam follower (7) acts with engagement areas, which are prov

Abstract: A two-step roller finger follower having a movable high-lift portion and a low-lift portion. A lock pin mechanism in the low-lift portion includes a lock pin that may be driven hydraulically into latched engagement with the high-lift portion. The lock pin assembly comprises a lock pin and a separable switching pin. A blocking clip mountable on the associated hydraulic lash adjuster includes first and second ends that extend into a switching pin locking groove to block axial motion thereof. A ramp on the follower body mates with a ramp on the blocking clip such that oscillatory motion of the follower engages and disengages the blocking pin from the locking groove. The clip unblocks the switching pin at only those times in the camshaft rotational cycle when complete locking and unlocking is assured, and ending well before the beginning of the next valve lift event.

Abstract: A valve train comprises a poppet valve 18 actuated by two rotatable cams 30, 32 which can preferably be phase shifted relative to one another. A first rocker 39 is supported on a fixed rocker 40 shaft by way of an eccentric sleeve 42 that is rotatable relative to the rocker shaft 40. A second rocker 37 directly supported on the rocker shaft 40 acts to rotate the eccentric sleeve 42 about the rocker shaft 40. In this way, the first rocker 39, which is operated by a first cam 30 and acts on the poppet valve 18 has its axis of rotation displaced cyclically towards and away from the valve 18 by the action of the second cam 32 and the second rocker 37.

Abstract: A valve train apparatus of 4 stroke-cycle internal combustion engine includes an intake cam shaft, an exhaust cam shaft, an eccentric cam shaft, an intermediate lever, a rocker arm, and an intake valve. A lift of the intake valve is continuously varied by controlling rotations of the intake cam shaft and the eccentric cam shaft via the intermediate lever contacting the intake cam shaft and the eccentric cam shaft, and via the rocker arm contacting the intermediate lever. At least two of a parting surface of a bearing of the eccentric cam shaft, a parting surface of a bearing of the intake cam shaft, and a parting surface of a bearing of the exhaust cam shaft are arranged on a coplanar surface.

Abstract: A valve timing adjusting device includes: a first rotor rotating integrally with a crankshaft; a second rotor integrally secured to an intake or exhaust camshaft; and an engaging cavity provided in one of the first rotor and the second rotor. A lock pin is housed in a housing hole provided in the other of the first rotor and the second rotor, protruded by the energizing force of an energizing device at the time of hydraulic pressure reduction, to thus abut on the wall of the engaging cavity from an oblique direction to give a relative rotating force to the first rotor and the second rotor.

Abstract: An adjustment device (1) for adjusting the relative rotational angle position of a camshaft (2) in relation to a crankshaft of an internal combustion engine is provided, with the device having an adjustment mechanism (3), which is embodied as a triple-shaft transmission and provided with an input part (4) fixed to the crankshaft, an output part fixed to the camshaft, and an adjusting shaft (7) connected to an adjusting motor shaft (5) of an adjusting motor (6). The motor (6) is provided as an electric motor and is spatially separated from the adjusting shaft (7), and the torque produced thereby is transmitted to the adjusting shaft (7), either mechanically via a flexible shaft (8), pneumatically via a compressor (9) operating a pneumatic motor (13) using pressurized air, or hydraulically via a hydraulic motor (16) and a pump (14) providing the hydraulic medium.

Abstract: A valve timing system for an internal combustion engine includes a phase alteration mechanism interposed between a driving rotator and a driven rotator and having a direction turning point at which the phase alteration direction is reversed when a movable portion of the mechanism travels from a beginning to a termination, and an operation control device for displacing the movable portion when undergoing an energization control, the movable portion being displaced toward the beginning when the energization control fails to be carried out. The rotation phase is set at a middle position between a maximum retard position and a maximum advance position when the movable portion is located at the beginning.

Abstract: Mechanical compression and vacuum release mechanisms for internal combustion engines. The compression and vacuum release mechanism may include a pair of centrifugally responsive flyweights pivotally mounted to the cam gear. One of the flyweights actuates a vacuum release member having a vacuum release cam and the other of the flyweights actuates a compression release member having a compression release cam. In another embodiment, the compression and vacuum release mechanism includes a single flyweight having structure associated therewith to actuate a vacuum release member and a compression release member having respective vacuum and compression release cams. The compression and vacuum release cams are in lifting engagement with the valve actuation structure of one of the intake or exhaust valves of the engine during engine starting to relieve compression and vacuum within the combustion chamber and thereby facilitate easier engine starting.

Abstract: A piston adapted for reciprocal movement within a cylinder of an internal combustion engine. The piston includes a crown and a skirt depending from the crown. A body extends below the crown with the skirt disposed annularly about at least a portion of the body. An inner cooling gallery is defined in the body beneath the crown. An outer cooling gallery is defined between the skirt and the body and located beneath the crown. In addition, at least one bore extends radially between the inner cooling gallery and the outer cooling gallery for providing fluid communication therebetween.

Abstract: An alignment feature includes a first component (400) having a first mating surface (402) and at least one integral protrusion (404). A second component (408) has a second mating surface (410) and at least one opening (412). The first component (400) is arranged and constructed to connect to the second component-(408) along the first (402) and second (410) mating surfaces, and the at least one integral protrusion (404) is appropriately sized to have a snug fit with the opening (412).

Abstract: A centralised lubrication system and method lubricates cylinder faces in large diesel engines, particularly marine engines. At least one lubricating apparatus has a rotating control shaft preferably running synchronously with the engine main shaft. To make a system that does not have a mechanical drive between the lubricating apparatus and the main shaft, the system is constructed with an AC motor driving the control shaft. Reference means are provided in association with the main shaft, indicating the angular position of the main shaft, and sensor means detect the position of the reference means. The system includes a control unit receiving signals from the sensor and detecting angular position as well as angular speed of the reference means and the main shaft. The control unit is connected with and controls the AC motor (36) for regulating the rotation of the control shaft (18) and thereby actuation of reciprocating pumps providing the cylinder lubrication.

Abstract: A lubrication system of a vehicle engine wherein a cylinder head has a head side oil passage disposed at one end thereof along the axis of a crankshaft. A lower case of a crankcase is provided with a supply source side oil passage communicating with an oil supply source and extending parallel to the axis of the crankshaft and a branched oil passage guiding oil to the head side oil passage which branches from the supply source side oil passage and extends upwardly. An upper case side oil passage extending vertically to communicate with a head side oil passage is provided at one end of an upper case along the axis of the crankshaft. A communication passage communicating the upper end of a branched oil passage is provided in a lower case in a position inwardly from the upper case side oil passage along the axis of the crankshaft.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine in a power unit includes an oil pump that rotates by a transmission mechanism with an endless chain, and a crankcase with an opening formed by protruding walls of side walls of the crankcase in an axial direction. A drive sprocket is fitted to a main shaft of a gear transmission and a driven sprocket is fitted to a shaft end of a drive shaft of an oil pump. When viewed sideways, the protruding walls and mating faces have overlapping parts that partially overlap the driven sprocket. On the other hand, all the shaft end and the remainder of the driven sprocket are exposed inside the opening when the cover is removed. The resulting configuration improves the working efficiency in fitting an oil pump into the crankcase without reducing the rigidity of the crankcase.

Abstract: A power tool has an internal combustion engine having a crankcase and a reciprocating piston. The interior of the crankcase is delimited by the reciprocating piston. A pump for conveying a fluid is provided, wherein the pump is driven by a fluctuating pressure in the crankcase. The pump conveys a foreign fluid that is different from an operating medium of the internal combustion engine. The power tool is a spraying device and the pump conveys a medium to be sprayed.

Abstract: If it is determined that the present engine startup is a high-temperature startup, immediately fuel injection in concert with start of cranking is prohibited. After a delay time elapses following the start of cranking, or when THC<THCh is satisfied, fuel injection is started. Therefore, the cranking during the delay time cools interior of the combustion chambers. Since fuel injection starts after the cooling, pre-ignition can be prevented.

Abstract: In a multi-stage fuel-injection internal combustion engine employing a fuel injection system and a variable valve actuation system, engine valve timings are variably controlled depending on engine operating conditions. An electronic engine control unit is configured to execute cooperative control of the timing of sub-injection, injected before main injection, responsively to intake valve closure timing, and also to execute cooperative control of the timing of sub-injection, injected after the-main injection, responsively to exhaust valve open timing.

Abstract: Often there is a limited fuel injector spatial envelope above and within a cylinder head for a fuel injector. In order to fit a fuel injector with a direct control needle valve and a capability of injecting fuel at a rail pressure and an intensified pressure into the limited fuel injector spatial envelope, the present disclosure includes a fuel injection system in which a pressure intensifier and nozzle outlets of a fuel injector are fluidly connected to a source of fuel via an intensifier line and an injector line, respectively. The flow of fuel to the pressure intensifier is controlled via a valve attached to the source of fuel.

Abstract: A fluid system for an engine is disclosed. The fluid system has a manifold with a plurality ports, and a retention device configured to constrain the manifold relative to the engine in only a single translational direction. The fluid system also has a plurality of tubes configured to communicate fluid from the ports with the engine and to constrain the manifold in the remaining translational directions.

Abstract: A control apparatus calculates a exhaust gas air-fuel ratio of a plurality of cylinders, in which the operation angle of an intake valve is set to a predetermined operation angle, e.g., a maximum operation angle, based on a value output from an air-fuel ratio sensor so as to minimize a variation in an fuel injection quantity between the plurality of cylinders by that exhaust gas air-fuel ratio. That is, the exhaust gas air-fuel ratio of the plurality of cylinders, in which the valve opening characteristics of the intake valve and an exhaust valve are set such that the intake air amount to be introduced into the plurality of cylinders is limited by the opening amount of a throttle valve, for example, and not limited by the valve opening characteristics of the intake valve or the exhaust valve is calculated, and the variation in the fuel injection quantity among the plurality of cylinders is then reduced by that exhaust gas air-fuel ratio.

Abstract: In a combustion-powered fastener driving tool employing a fuel cell having an internal fuel metering valve with an axially reciprocating delivery stem, an actuator is provided for causing the dispensing of a desired dose of fuel from the fuel cell prior to each combustion event, the actuator including at least one actuator element configured for exerting an axial force on the stem, releasing the dose of fuel, and a fuel conduit associated with the element and being in fluid communication with the stem for transmitting the fuel for delivery to a combustion engine.

Abstract: An EGR control system that is capable of controlling the amount of recirculation of high-temperature and low-temperature recirculated gases, with high accuracy, to thereby improve the control accuracy of in-cylinder temperature. An ECU of an ERG control system calculates a fresh intake air ratio, and sets a target value of the fresh intake air ratio. The ECU calculates a feedback correction coefficient for converging the fresh intake air ratio to the target value, with an I-PD control algorithm, and sets an external EGR ratio and an internal EGR ratio. The ECU controls the EGR amount whose ratio is the larger, according to the larger one of the two ratios and the feedback correction coefficient, and controls the EGR amount whose ratio is the smaller, according to the smaller of the ratios and the learned value thereof.

Abstract: A PCV valve is arranged in an outflow passage. An ECU controls rotation of a motor such that an opening degree of the PCV valve increases in response to an increase in an opening degree of a throttle valve. The outflow passage connects an interior of a head cover of an engine to a portion of an intake air passage located on a downstream side of the throttle valve. The outflow passage recirculates blow-by gas leaked from a combustion chamber into an interior of a crankcase to the portion of the intake air passage located on the downstream side of the throttle valve. An inflow passage connects the interior of the head cover to a portion of the intake air passage located on an upstream side of the throttle valve. The inflow passage conducts intake air from the intake air passage to the interior of the head cover.

Abstract: A controller approximates an output characteristic of an air flow meter using at least one parameter, and approximates a characteristic of a fuel injection characteristic of an injector using at least one parameter. These parameters are determined and updated based on an exhaust air-fuel ratio acquired by an air-fuel ratio sensor disposed in an exhaust passage, so that the exhaust air-fuel ratio approaches a target air-fuel ratio.

Abstract: A fuel supply control system for an internal combustion engine having at least one fuel injection valve for injecting fuel into an intake pipe or a combustion chamber of the engine. A flow rate of air supplied to the engine and an air-fuel ratio are detected. A demand fuel injection amount is set according to an operating condition of the engine. An injection amount command value of fuel injected by at least one fuel injection valve according to the demand fuel injection amount. An amount of fuel burned in the engine is calculated according to the detected intake air flow rate and air-fuel ratio. At least two correlation parameters, which indicate a relationship between the estimated burned fuel amount and the injection amount command value, are identified. The injection amount command value is then corrected according to the at least two identified correlation parameters.

Abstract: The spear fishing gun with a reliable and effective retractable mechanism is provided. The spear gun consists of the gun shaft, firing device, handle (including grip) and gripped trigger, retractable spear mechanism, and the stopper of string to prevent the spear, from ramming into the retractable string device during retraction. As soon as the spear is shot and the diver sees that he misses, he presses on the spring trigger retracting string mechanism and the spear comes back to the gun. If the spear pierces the fish, the diver can now press the retractable string device to either release the string or retracts it to collect the fish. The retractable string mechanism is equipped with a large spool which allows the diver to shoot at long along with short distances. The spool does not allow the string to unwind completely and waste time to rewind. This is regulated by a controlling button.

Abstract: An underwater target game apparatus includes a submersible propelling structure and a projectile to be launched by the submersible propelling structure. The projectile includes an elongated shaft portion and a head portion. The projectile has a specific gravity of approximately 1.0.

Abstract: A cooling apparatus is provided for cooling a cabinet of a cooking appliance that includes an oven within exterior side panels. The cooling apparatus includes a side rail and a bottom panel coupled to the side rail. The bottom panel includes a slot therein. A cover is disposed over the bottom panel to form a channel. The slot opens into the channel. The cover is configured to direct cooling air from the slot into a space between the oven and the side panels.

Abstract: A gas hob includes at least one gas burner, at least one pan support which is used to place a food container over a gas burner, and at least one operational control and/or display element which is arranged on the gas hob. The pan support includes at least one setback section that defines an operational area wherein the operational control and/or the display element is arranged in order to ensure that the operational control and/or the display element do not take up too much room.

Abstract: The present invention is a gas dispersion container in which a number of gas-generating devices, such as meals ready-to-eat (MREs), can be positioned. The undesirable gases, such as hydrogen gas, that can be generated by the MREs are dispersed from within the container in a manner that maintains the gas levels in the container below minimum safe levels to avoid an unsafe increase in the concentration of the undesirable gases within the container.

Abstract: A solar powered system controls multiple motors directly from a single solar power source with a single variable frequency drive (VFD). A control system selectively connects and disconnects individual motors as solar power varies so that the available power can be used effectively and some of the motors can be kept operating rather than shutting down the entire system. The control system includes a detection circuit for detecting the solar array voltage, and a selection circuit for providing shutoff control signals to individual motors based on the solar array voltage and preselected motor shutoff priority criteria.

Abstract: A heat recycling system that regenerates absorptive materials for a sustainable period of time with the help of thermal storage materials. The system may contain absorptive materials and thermal storage materials which absorb wasted thermal energy from the surroundings.

Abstract: A medication inhaler is provided for delivery of a medication to a patient from a canister having a valve stem, such as a MDI canister. The medication inhaler includes a chamber body having a fresh air inlet and a hollow spacer chamber. The inhaler further includes a canister retainer configured to move the canister between operational and stored positions, and an actuation lever for actuation of the valve stem to deliver a medication fluid into the hollow spacer chamber. In one example, the hollow spacer chamber tapers. In addition or alternatively, the chamber body includes a nozzle having an outlet, and a fresh air inlet having an outlet proximate the outlet of the nozzle. In addition or alternatively, the medication inhaler includes a canister adapter for accommodation of various size canisters. In addition or alternatively, the chamber body includes an inlet portion having a geometry for guiding the valve stem.

Abstract: Control systems and methods for delivery of energy that may include control algorithms that prevent energy delivery if a fault is detected and may provide energy delivery to produce a substantially constant temperature at a delivery site. In some embodiments, the control systems and methods may be used to control the delivery of energy, such as radiofrequency energy, to body tissue, such as lung tissue.

Abstract: An endotracheal intubation device having a curvable portion and internal optics or a viewing device which facilitate the insertion of an endotracheal tube into a patient. The device has a handle and a trigger. When the trigger is squeezed the curvable portion curves in a controlled manner from a fully straight configuration.

Abstract: An Inhaler for delivering an aerosolised dose of a powdered drug for inhalation by a user is disclosed. The inhaler comprises a drug entreinment device vice to a receive a package having a piercable lid containing a dose to be delivered, the device including a drug outlet tube terminating with a primary piercing element to pierce an opening in said lid when a package is located in the inhaler, a secondary piercing member to pierce a plurality of peripheral openings in said lid and, an airflow path to enable the supply of a charge of gas into the package via said peripheral openings to scour the interior of a pierced package such that all or substantially all of the dose is entrained in the gas and flows out of the package via the drug outlet tube. A medicament pack is also disclosed.

Abstract: Particular aspects provide novel intelligent delivery devices and methods for administration of therapeutic agents, solutions, nutrients, etc. The intelligent delivery devices have substantial utility for validating medicament use, optimizing medicament delivery, storage and communication of medicament delivery-related data, etc., based on recognition and processing of identifying information associated with the Medicament and/or packaging thereof. The systems and methods are broadly applicable to medicament delivery applications and many devices. Particular aspects provide an interface between a medicament cartridge and an electronic atomizer/nebulizer used for optimized medicament delivery. An intelligent ID tag (e.g., RFID tag, magnetic strip, bar code, etc.

Abstract: A supply of gas such as oxygen is provided to a person in need of such gas supply. The delivery system includes an alarm to alert the recipient of the gas or another when and if the gas supply is disrupted. The alarm system preferably includes a reset and on-off switch that is recessed sufficiently to prevent accidental disabling of the alarm system.

Abstract: Provided is a universal interface adapted for providing continuous positive airway pressure to a patient when the interface is used with a standard ventilator. The interface is configured to operate at a supply pressure no greater than about 120 centimeters of H2O in order to deliver pressure to the patient of up to about 15 cm of H2O at a flow rate of up to about 12 liters/minute. The universal interface may comprise an interface body having a space pair of breathing passageways intersecting a corresponding of supply passageways. Each one of the breathing passageways is comprised of a patient passageway and an exhalation passageway. Each one of the supply passageways includes a jet venturi having a taper portion. Each one of the exhalation passageways includes a taper portion which tapers outwardly along a direction from the patient passageway toward the exhalation passageway.

Abstract: The invention presents a ventilator capable of obtaining an optimum flow rate required in ordinary ventilation. The ventilator comprises an exhaust fan motor for exhausting room air by force, and a human sensor for detecting the presence of human body. It further comprises a control unit for controlling the fan motor by receiving a signal from the human sensor, and a flow rate adjusting unit for adjusting the ventilation flow rate by the exhaust fan motor. The control unit, when detecting a signal from the human sensor, operates the exhaust fan motor for a specified time at fixed flow rate, and while not detecting, it operates the exhaust fan motor all the time at ventilated flow rate adjusted by the flow rate adjusting unit.