Abstract: A valve operating mechanism for an internal combustion engine includes a drive member that engages a control arm at a contact point spaced apart from the pivot axis of the control arm, and a control member that operates to vary the contact point in order to vary a spacing between the contact point and the pivot axis of the control arm to vary the amplitude of reciprocation of a cam surface of the control arm and to vary the portion of the cam surface which is engaged by a cam follower member during pivoting of the control arm to thereby vary the amount of lift and/or opening duration of the engine valve.

Abstract: A variable valve operating device is provided that allows an ideal valve timing-lift characteristic to be realized by associating a change in a valve timing with a change in a valve lift amount. A rotation motion of a drive cam is transmitted to a slide surface of a swing member via an intermediate member. Positions of the intermediate member on the slide surface are varied in association with the rotation of a control shaft by an interlock mechanism. The slide surface is formed to be curved toward the drive cam so that the distance from the center of a camshaft increases toward the farthest point from the swing center of the swing member within the area which the intermediate member contacts from the nearest point from the swing center of the swing member within the area which the intermediate member contacts.

Abstract: A lost motion engine valve actuation system and method of actuating an engine valve are disclosed. The system may comprise a valve train element, a pivoting lever, a control piston, and a hydraulic circuit. The pivoting lever may include a first end for contacting the control piston, a second end for transmitting motion to a valve stem and a means for contacting a valve train element. The amount of lost motion provided by the system may be selected by varying the position of the control piston relative to the pivoting lever. Variation of the control piston position may be carried out by placing the control piston in hydraulic communication with a control trigger valve and one or more accumulators. Actuation of the trigger valve releases hydraulic fluid allowing for adjustment of the control piston position. Means for limiting valve seating velocity, filling the hydraulic circuit upon engine start up, and mechanically locking the control piston/lever for a fixed level of valve actuation are also disclosed.

Abstract: When controlling the valve characteristics of an intake valve and changing the compression ratio, an upper variation limit compression ratio, which is the upper limit of the variation of compression ratio, is determined according to the actual valve characteristics of the intake valve characteristics control. The upper variation limit compression ratio is set to a valve at which the intake valve does not collide with the piston. When a target compression ratio corresponding to the operation state of the engine is larger than the upper variation limit compression ratio, the compression ratio is set to the upper variation limit compression ratio that is smaller than the target compression ratio. Thus, collision between the intake valve and the piston can be prevented while allowing the compression ratio to be increased up to the maximum compression ratio of the range where the collision does not occur.

Abstract: An ECU executes a program including the steps of detecting the crank angle, advancing, at a crank angle at which the cam torque is exerted in the direction opposite to the rotational direction of an intake camshaft, the phase in which the intake valve is closed and retarding, at a crank angle at which the cam torque is exerted in the rotational direction of the intake camshaft, the phase in which the intake valve is closed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a control valve (20) for an apparatus (1) for the variable setting of the control times of gas exchange valves (110, 111) of an internal combustion engine (100), having a valve housing (22) of hollow configuration which has at least one inflow connection (P), at least one outflow connection (T) and at least two working connections (A, B), and having a control plunger (35).

Abstract: A hydraulic control system for an internal combustion engine, includes a driven mechanism driven by hydraulic pressure fed through a flowing passage change-over valve. The flowing passage change-over valve includes a valve body formed with a plurality of ports which are respectively communicated with the supply passage and the oil passage, and a spool valve body slidably disposed in the valve body to open and close the plurality of ports, the ports including a supplying port communicated with the supplying passage. The maximum cross-sectional area of the supplying port is larger than a minimum cross-sectional area of the supplying passage. The flowing passage change-over valve is supplied with electric current to heat hydraulic fluid kept in the flowing passage change-over valve so as to lower a viscosity of the hydraulic fluid.

Abstract: In a hydraulic camshaft adjuster for a camshaft of an internal combustion engine and a method of assembling the camshaft adjuster, with an inner body, which is connected to the camshaft in a rotationally fixed manner and has outwardly extending blades and an outer body which is mounted rotatably with respect to the camshaft and has inwardly projecting blades which form, together with the outwardly extending blades, at least one hydraulic medium chamber between two covers connected to the outer body which is operatively connected to a crankshaft of an engine so as to be driven thereby, and a locking device for locking the inner body in relation to the outer body by at least one bolt which is mounted in the inner body so as to extend into a locking cavity in one of the two covers, the camshaft adjuster has a base stop, and the locking cavity has an assembly stop providing for reliable assembly of the camshaft adjuster with minimal locking play and without the need for an adjusting procedure.

Abstract: In a camshaft adjuster for an internal combustion engine including a gear mechanism, an input drive element, a camshaft as an output element, and a brake mechanism for braking an adjustment input for the adjustment of a phase position of the camshaft, a coupling mechanism is provided for locking the adjustment mechanism at a particular phase position while the brake mechanism is inactivated.

Abstract: In a braking device for a camshaft adjuster of an internal combustion engine wherein the camshaft adjuster includes at least two adjustment inputs, a respective braking element is provided for each adjustment input to brake the respective adjustment input, the braking elements being operable by an excitation coil arrangement, which, depending on the direction of energization of an excitation coil arrangement, subjects either the one or the other braking element to magnetic flux for initiating braking of the respective adjustment input.

Abstract: The centrally located ignition source in a combustion chamber is an electrical conductor spanning the general center of the combustion chamber, with a spark gap at the general center of the conductor. The device may be offset from the combustion chamber centerline, and/or the spark gap may be offset from the conductor center, as required. The centrally located ignition source is particularly well suited for use in an opposed piston engine having a rotary sleeve valve mechanism, with the conductor rotating with the sleeve valve and crossing the combustion chamber between the two pistons. An arcuate commutator section may be disposed upon the exterior of the rotary sleeve valve, with a contact finger making electrical contact between the electrical energy source and the commutator section to supply electrical energy to the ignition source. The device is also suitable for use in stationary installations, e.g., gas furnace combustors, etc.

Abstract: A method is provided for assisting a start-up of a work machine having a battery assembly and a main engine. The method may include starting an auxiliary power unit, and using electrical power generated by the auxiliary power unit to condition the battery assembly. The method may also include adding electrical power generated by the auxiliary power unit to electrical power generated by the battery assembly for a main engine cranking event.

Abstract: If it is determined that the present engine startup is a high-temperature startup, immediately fuel injection in concert with start of cranking is prohibited. After a delay time elapses following the start of cranking, or when THC<THCh is satisfied, fuel injection is started. Therefore, the cranking during the delay time cools interior of the combustion chambers. Since fuel injection starts after the cooling, pre-ignition can be prevented.

Abstract: A device 10 and method for maximizing internal combustion engine horsepower for a preselected RPM range includes a plurality of velocity stacks 12 removably inserted via grommets 16 into apertures 17 in an air box portion 14 of the internal combustion engine while the air box portion 14 is secured to a throttle body portion of the internal combustion engine, and means for measuring power generated by the engine for the preselected RPM range with a selected velocity stack 12 removably secured to the air box portion 14 whereby a velocity stack 12 is ultimately selected that promotes maximum internal combustion engine horsepower for the preselected RPM range.

Abstract: To improve throttle response and productivity of an air cleaner of a vehicle. A vehicular air cleaner structure is provided, in which an air cleaner is mounted to a vehicle body frame and an intake duct for drawing air in the air cleaner and a connecting tube for providing communication between the air cleaner and the side of an engine are connected to the air cleaner. The intake duct and the connecting tube are connected to the air cleaner. A connection rubber capable of being flexed by a change in pressure in the air cleaner is disposed on a side wall as at least one of walls of the air cleaner.

Abstract: A connection point of a chamber subjected to high pressure in a body subjected to high pressure of a high-pressure injection system for fuel at a bore extending substantially vertically through the body. In the chamber subjected to high pressure of the body, a cylindrically shaped pocket or an encompassing groove is embodied, into which the bore discharges, forming an intersection point.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine that can be operated in compression ignition mode, comprising a fuel injector (2) for each cylinder; a fuel injection control unit (4) for controlling fuel injection quantity and a piston (5) in each cylinder whose compression action causes a mixture of air and fuel to be ignited. The engine is further provided with inlet and outlet valves (6, 7) and sensors (12-16) for measuring various engine operating parameters, is disclosed. During compression ignition mode, the control unit controls the fuel injector to perform a first fuel injection before, and a second fuel injection after top dead center of the piston stroke during or after a negative valve overlap period. A method for operating the engine and a computer readable storage device (4) having stored therein data representing instructions executable by a computer to implement a compression ignition for an internal combustion engine is also described.

Abstract: A remote monitoring system is disclosed. In one such embodiment, a system may comprise a first measuring unit disposed within a structure, a first processor disposed in operative communication with the first measuring unit, and a second processor disposed within the structure. The first measuring unit may comprise a first sensor adapted to detect a first parameter. The first measuring unit may be adapted to output a first signal associated with the first parameter. The first processor may be adapted to receive the first signal and to control the first measuring unit. The second processor may be disposed in operative communication with the first measuring unit and the first processor.

Abstract: A system and method for controlling operation of a gasoline internal combustion engine capable of running in a spark ignition mode and a homogeneous charge compression ignition mode. The method and system implementation include determining humidity of air to be drawn into a combustion cylinder of the engine, and controlling an operating parameter of the engine that affects the homogeneous charge compression ignition mode of operation.

Abstract: An injection unit has an injector arrangement connected to a pressure reservoir by a pressure line arrangement The injector arrangement has at least one servo injection valve and a control valve for the release of fuel from a control chamber into a fuel return line leading to the fuel tank The Valve may be operated by a piezoelectric actuator to cause a displacement of a nozzle body in the direction of an injection passage opening for initiating an injection process by pressure reduction in the control chamber. The fuel return line has a controllable valve, which restricts the fuel flow in the fuel return line in the actuated state. It is, thus, possible to reduce the effects of a change of length of the piezoelectric actuator, which exceeds the so-called tolerance gap in the servo injection valve, which are detrimental to the operation of the injection unit.

Abstract: Prior art fuel line check valves remain closed after engine off and cool down. Diurnal heating and the resultant pressure increase in the fuel line causes fuel vapor emissions through small openings in the fuel line (e.g., at the injector tips). The invention provides a check valve for a vehicle fuel line which opens in response to engine cooling and remains open while the engine is off to relieve subsequent increasing pressure in the fuel line due to diurnal heating thereof.

Abstract: When an internal combustion engine controller determines that an internal combustion engine is experiencing difficulty in starting, the fuel injection amount is corrected according to a first estimated ethanol (alcohol) concentration value that is approximately in the middle concentration value between the alcohol concentration of the fuel with the highest alcohol concentration and the alcohol concentration of the fuel with the lowest alcohol concentration among the fuels that can possibly be purchased in the market. If it is determined that the engine is experiencing difficulty in starting using the corrected fuel injection amount, the fuel injection amount is corrected a second time using a second estimated alcohol concentration value different from the first estimated alcohol concentration value. As a result, the engine air-fuel ratio can be optimized when starting the engine, so that poor engine starting can be quickly overcome.

Abstract: A fuel supply device includes a bracket provided at an opening of a fuel tank so as to form a blockage, for being arranged with a discharge pipe; a fuel pump mounted to the bracket, for suctioning fuel in the fuel tank and discharging fuel from the discharge pipe; and a fuel level detector for detecting the remaining amount of fuel in the fuel tank. The fuel supply device further includes a holder for holding the fuel level detector, the holder being formed of an elastically deformable material and mounted on the bracket; and the fuel level detector is held at any position.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for mechanically driving a supercharger and a combination harmonic pulley system and supercharger mounted on a powered vehicle including a crankshaft, the supercharger having a supercharger driveshaft and adapted to provide boost air to the intake of the internal combustion engine, driving the crankshaft which rotates the harmonic pulley system. In general the harmonic pulley system includes a harmonic balancer, a drive shaft pulley, a crankshaft bolt, an alignment structure and a drive belt. The harmonic balancer having a first and second ledge, an annular ring and a central aperture, the driveshaft pulley having an inner and outer region, the inner region includes a first shoulder and presenting a pulley aperture aligned with the central aperture, the outer region including a second shoulder and providing an engaging surface.

Abstract: Emission gas recycling equipment includes a passage for recycling a part of an emission gas and a control valve for controlling an amount of the part of the emission gas. The control valve includes: a housing having a pipe portion; a butterfly valve accommodated in the pipe portion rotatable in a first direction and a second direction; a seal ring for sealing a clearance; and valve open/close operation means for stopping the butterfly valve at the valve full close position after the valve open/close operation means operates the butterfly valve to open and to close equal to or more than one cycle across the valve full close position at the time when the engine stops or after the engine stops.

Abstract: A four-cycle engine including an engine case configured to accommodate a crankshaft; a pump configured to suction air from an inner space of the engine case; and an air suction passage through which the inner space inner space of the engine case and the pump communicate with each other; wherein the air suction passage extends to the pump through an upper region of the engine case.

Abstract: A take-apart picnic grill includes two hollow profiles to be disposed parallel to each other, which are connected by a plurality of rods to form a grilling surface. The hollow profiles are tubes, the diameter of one of which is sufficiently larger than the other to allow the tube with the smaller diameter to be inserted inside the tube with the larger diameter for transport purposes.

Abstract: A folding camping stove. The folding camping stove may be formed in a clamshell configuration, having two clamshells that fold outward to expose at least two cooking surfaces. A pivot point is provided on the folding camping stove. Each of the clamshells folds about the same pivot point. A fuel train for the clamshells is positioned at the pivot point. A regulator and adaptor assembly is provided for providing gas from a canister to the folding stove. The adaptor guides the gas coming from the regulator and directs it to a fuel train that directs the gas to opposite sides of the folding stove. Each of the clamshells includes a cooking grate. The cooking grates appear symmetrical from a top view, but are slightly offset relative to one another so that the clamshells may be folded inward relative to each other and the grates may nest together.

Abstract: A stove comprising a frame bounding an area to receive a burner, a heating cavity assembly mounted on the frame and having four side walls and a bottom wall having an opening therein, and a collar mounted in the heating cavity assembly around the opening. Front, rear, and side panels are mounted on the frame to enclose the side walls of the heating cavity assembly. A diffuser plate is mounted on the heating cavity assembly and covers an open top portion thereof, the diffuser plate being configured to receive heated gases rising from the burner and collar, and to distribute the heated gases evenly proximate an upper surface of the diffuser plate. A griddle plate is mounted above the diffuser plate and spaced therefrom, an undersurface of the griddle plate being opposed to the diffuser plate upper surface. The griddle plate provides an upper surface for cooking operations.

Abstract: A vent assembly includes a base, an intake duct, an exhaust duct, and a cap assembly. The base includes a vertically oriented, outward facing primary surface and defines a duct aperture that extends through the outward facing primary surface. The base includes a metallic material. The intake duct is coupled to the base within the duct aperture, and the exhaust duct is oriented coaxially within the intake duct. An end of the exhaust duct extends distally beyond an end of the intake duct. The cap assembly includes first, second, and third members, wherein at least one of the first, second and third members includes a non-metallic material. The first member includes an intake aperture aligned with the duct aperture of the base and is sized to substantially cover the outward facing primary surface. The second member includes an exhaust aperture sized to receive the exhaust duct.

Abstract: The invention relates to a solar collector comprising an absorber tube (13) supported by supports. Radiation-per-meable cladding tubes (15) are located between the supports and surround the absorber tube (13). Compensation pieces (17) are provided between the cladding tubes (15) due to the fact that the absorber tube (13) and the cladding tubes (15) have different expansion behaviors. In order to also capture radiation that strikes the connection area (50), at least one mirror collar (20) is provided that reflects the solar radiation into the area of the active absorber tube surface. This mirror collar (20) is capable of reflecting the concentrated solar radiation coming from different directions from the parabolic mirrors even at different solar angles of incidence upon the active absorber surface.

Abstract: Apparatus for the rotation of a large body, such as the base frame (11) of a solar energy collector having a large reflective dish (10), about an axis (12) utilizes a ring member or arcuate member (16). An actuator clamp (18) can be moved along the ring or arcuate member when it is not clamped to it. The actuator clamp is connected to one end of an expansion and contraction device, such as a hydraulic ram (17). The other end of the ram is connected to the body or to a rigid arm (15) that is securely connected to the body. With the actuator clamp firmly clamped to the ring or arcuate member, the expansion or contraction of the ram causes the body to rotate about axis. At least one auxiliary clamp (20, 22) may be provided which may be used to continue the movement of the body while the position of the actuator clamp on the ring or arcuate member is changed.

Abstract: An apparatus for dispensing medicine has a housing for receiving the medicine and for covering the medicine. A dispenser extends from the housing for administering the medicine. The housing is cosmetically enhanced with at least one of a graphic and design indicia to convey a visual message beyond the immediate utility of the apparatus.

Abstract: A diving mask includes primarily at least one draining guide protruded outward which is located at a proper position of pressure equalizers protruded inward in a nosepiece of the diving mask. The draining guide is connected to a mirror and nasal wings of the nosepiece, which forms the pressure equalizers with draining guides. In addition to facilitate to use fingers to pinch nostrils to balance ear pressure with the pressure equalizers, when water permeates into the mirror, the water in the mirror can be smoothly drained into a bottom of the nosepiece through the draining guides. Therefore, a diver can lift up the bottom of diving mask under the water and then blow hard with a nose to completely expel out the water.

Abstract: A high output, powered air purifying respirator that includes an anti-contamination suit, a filter for filtering particulates from the air, a high powered blower for delivering a cool flow of air to the body, and a stabilization mechanism. The stabilization mechanism is configurable in either head mounted or back mounted modules as desired by a worker. The head mounted configuration facilitates stream lined mobility and includes a head mounted suspension system with a circular rail and roller bearing halo around the worker's head for stabilizing the blower/filter and allowing for rotation of the worker's head inside the halo. The invention also includes additional modules, also configurable by the user, such as personal hydration and independent camera and dosimeter support.

Abstract: The present invention provides improved anesthesia delivery systems that consistently and reliably deliver anesthesia gas to multiple gas outlets. The systems are particularly useful for anesthetizing multiple mammals and living specimens to be imaged by a low-light level imaging system. The anesthesia delivery systems are suitable for use with conventional oxygen sources, and convert the high pressures associated with a conventional oxygen source to lower pressures suitable for use with small mammals and suitable for combination with an anesthesia gas at low flow rates. The systems include an anesthesia gas source that combines anesthesia gas with the oxygen. The combination of anesthesia gas and oxygen is supplied to one or more multiple outlets.

Abstract: The breathing regulatory aid is a self-help tool, for people to become aware of their breathing and to train good breathing habits, with restful stops in the breathing cycle. The invention is a new easy to carry tool, that makes use of conscious thumb movements, to prompt and regulate the more unconscious breathing movements of the body. The device provides a platform for simple pendulum like movement of the thumb and the device has two elevated markers, one towards each end of the said pendulum movement. People can use the tool discreetly to help the mind stay focused on the task of breathing right. By using this device the awareness of the ebb and flow of the breathing cycle is increased. As a training tool it helps people to replace a short shallow breathing habit, with a fuller breathing pattern and include stop moments in the breathing cycle.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus and method for the delivery of inspired gas, e.g., supplemental O2, to a person combined with gas sampling, including for the purpose of monitoring of the ventilation of the person. In the invention, the delivery of inspired gas and gas sampling are accomplished without the use of a sealed face mask. The apparatus of one embodiment of the present invention comprises an oxygen delivery device, nasal airway pressure sampling devices, optionally an oral airway pressure sampling device and at least one pressure analyzer connected to the sampling devices which determine the phase of the person's respiration cycle and the person's primary airway. The oxygen delivery device is connected to a controller such that it delivers a higher flow of oxygen to the person during the inhalation phase of the person's respiratory cycle. The invention thus increases end tidal oxygen concentrations.

Abstract: A particulate blocking oxygen delivery mask includes a face piece constructed at least partially of a filtering material, a securing member such as a strap attached to the face piece, and an gas entry port disposed on the face piece. The gas entry port may include an optional one-way valve. The mask may be coupled to a continuous flow of oxygen or may be used as a partial or non-rebreathing mask. The mask permits the administration of high concentrations of oxygen to the patient while at the same time isolating the patient from any potentially contagious airborne particles in their surroundings. It also isolates any potentially contagious droplets or aerosolized particulate matter exhaled by a patient from entering the environment and potentially infecting others.

Abstract: The invention relates to a respiratory mask comprising a mask body (2), a sealing edge (3) and an inhalation device. Said device can be improved such that gas can be evacuated from the inhalation device without noise disturbance. The aim of the invention is achieved by virtue of the fact that the inhalation device comprises a plurality of lamella-type, partially overlapping membrane elements (8) which can be unfolded by the respiratory gas flow and which are arranged on the mask body (2).

Abstract: A vent assembly for use with a mask assembly includes a first vent, a second vent and a selector to switch the flow of exhaled gas from a patient between the first and second vents.

Abstract: Tracheal ventilation device, particularly a tracheal tube, which seals the trachea in a substantially air-tight manner. The device includes a cuff that blocks the trachea below the glottis and is traversed by a ventilation cannula. The cuff is larger in its filled, freely displaceable, unrestricted state than in its filled state positioned in the trachea. The cuff is of a flexible soft film material and lies against the trachea by means of its folds. The device is adapted to the morphology of a child's larynx and is available in finely graded sizes.

Abstract: Intubation is the placing of a plastic tube into the windpipe/trachea. The tube is placed into the trachea to facilitate giving oxygen to the patient. The plastic tube is called an endotracheal tube. Seeing the target, the windpipe opening, is critical to successful intubation. Likewise, seeing the tip-region of the tube to be inserted into the tracheal opening is important to intubation success. This patent will describe the marking of the distal/far-end region of an endotracheal tube so that the tip-cuff distal region will be more clearly seen against the brightly-lighted, light pink-orange tissues of the deep throat area to provide 1) clearer vision of the distal region of the endotracheal tube, 2) clearer vision of the endotracheal tube approaching and then entering into the windpipe opening, and 3) the ability to estimate the distance that the endotracheal tube has advanced into the trachea.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for eliminating or otherwise reducing or mitigating pressure on an individual's heel while the leg is in an extended position, while allowing for ambulation without completely removing the device. An apparatus comprises a support member configured to be attached to a lower leg portion of an individual between the calf and heel region, the support member having an inner surface portion to be disposed facing the leg when attached thereto, and having an opposite outer surface; and a reconfigurable elevation member configured (i) to be disposed at the outer surface of the support member such that when the support member is attached to the lower leg portion of the individual the elevation member is selectively capable of providing elevation of the heel from an underlying surface in the event that the lower leg portion is extended above the underlying surface, and (ii) to be reconfigured for ambulation without removing said support member from the lower leg.

Abstract: Systems and methods for providing technical support sessions to aid clinicians and other end users employing clinical applications are provided. In accordance with one method in a clinical computing environment for requesting a technical support session between a client device and at least one support device, a command to request the technical support session is received. Clinical context information associated with the client device is accessed. A request for the technical support session is communicated. In addition, the clinical context information associated with the client device is communicated.

Abstract: A blood treatment method using high-degree-of-freedom forceps. The forceps main body includes a joint portion and a tip working portion provided on a distal end portion, a handle provided on a proximal end, which is held and manipulated, and an input portion provided on the handle. The controller drives the joint portion and the tip working portion with at least 2 degrees of freedom and in response to an input to the input portion. In the blood vessel treatment method, a membranous tissue covering a blood vessel is incised, the blood vessel is detached from the tissue, a branch is cut off from the blood vessel, or a peripheral side of the blood vessel is cut off, by respective inputs to the input portion, in the state where a distal side of the forceps main body is inserted into the body cavity.

Abstract: A pouched non-tobacco product includes a lined pouch material of a web and a water-soluble liner adjacent the web and a non-tobacco flavorful component contained within the lined pouch material. The water-soluble liner is interposed between the web and the non-tobacco flavorful component. The liner preferably reduces staining of the web by the non-tobacco flavorful component. Additionally, the liner may include a flavorant.

Abstract: A smoking article has an outer surface and a plurality of frangible microcapsules provided on the outer surface, wherein the microcapsules are capable of being manually ruptured by a consumer to release an odorant encapsulated therein. The smoking article preferably comprises a wrapped tobacco rod; and a filter attached to the wrapped tobacco rod by tipping paper, a mouth end portion of which is “over tipped” with a band or strip of “Peel and Sniff” microcapsules and/or a band or strip of “Scratch and Sniff” microcapsules.

Abstract: A wrapper for a smoking article includes a web; and a patterned deposit on at least a portion of one surface of the wrapper, wherein the patterned deposit comprises catalyst particles. The patterned deposit can include a nanoparticle catalyst that is capable of catalyzing the conversion of a constituent gas component in the mainstream and/or sidestream smoke of the smoking article. The constituent gas component can be carbon monoxide and/or nitric oxide and the catalyst particles can be iron oxide. Also provided is a smoking article comprising a tobacco rod having a wrapper formed around the tobacco rod, the wrapper including a patterned deposit on at least a portion of one surface of the wrapper. A method of making the wrapper and a method of making a smoking article utilizing the wrapper are also provided.

Abstract: A smoking article includes a tobacco column, a binder surrounding the tobacco column, a first wrapper surrounding the binder, and at least one additional removable wrapper which surrounds the first wrapper and is removably secured to a wrapper beneath the additional removable wrapper. Packaging for a smoking article involves a supportive tube surrounding the smoking article and sealed in a package, where the package is made from a front and a rear sheet sealed together to form a sealed envelope.