Abstract: A vehicle body structure includes a dash panel that partitions an engine chamber from the vehicle interior. An intake manifold for an engine is housed in the engine chamber, and an air box extends in a direction of the width of the vehicle and is located above the dash panel. A linking member is connectible to both the dash panel and the air box. At least a portion of the linking member overlaps a portion of the intake manifold in the direction of the width of the vehicle. When an impact occurs external of the vehicle, the shock to which the dash panel is subjected is transmitted to the air box via the linking member. The rigidity of the dash panel is increased to facilitate fracture of intake manifold, and the dash panel is controlled such that the dash panel is prevented from moving toward vehicle interior.

Abstract: A compact dual hydraulic pump unit having a low profile configuration. The inlet and outlet ports of the pumps may be located on opposite transverse sides of the unit for easy connection to adjacent motors coupled to the drive wheels of a vehicle.

Abstract: An exhaust system for a motorcycle provides enhanced steering stability and improved function for purifying exhaust gas. Front exhaust pipes connected with front cylinders of a V-type engine are joined to a front part of an exhaust chamber. Rear exhaust pipes connected with rear cylinders of the engine are joined to an upper part of the exhaust chamber. Exhaust gases discharged from both the front and rear exhaust pipes are unified within the exhaust chamber, and a catalyst is disposed in the vicinity of the unifying section. The length of the rear exhaust pipes is shorter than the length of the front exhaust pipes. High-temperature exhaust gas is introduced to the catalyst contained within the exhaust chamber via the rear exhaust pipes.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for suppressing torque steering in a vehicle in which left/right drive shafts are coupled via outerjoints to left/right front wheels. The drive shafts are connected via inner joints a an engine and transmission. The height of the inner joints is set 5-20 mm lower than the height of the outer joints, thus forming tilt angles between the left/right drive shafts and the center axis through the left/right wheels and the outerjoint. As acceleration of the vehicle increases, the engine moves upward, thus causing the inner joints to move as well. This upward movement of the inner joints causes the tilt angle formed by the drive shafts to decrease. The specific placement of the inner joints is selected so that the left/right tilt angles reach zero at a predetermined rate of acceleration, which may be the vehicles maximum rate of acceleration.

Abstract: To provide a rudder angle sensor with high accuracy, it is constituted such that a storage means capable of storing a correction value to correct a rotational delay of a driven gear relative to a main drive gear caused by a backlash at a time of reverse of a steering shaft is provided, a calculation means corrects a measured result of a measuring mechanism based on the correction value stored in the storage means, and thereby, a rotation angle of the steering shaft can be calculated. The measured result of the driven gear obtained by the measuring mechanism is corrected based on the correction value, and therefore, the backlash existing between the main drive gear and the driven gear can be matched completely or approximately. Namely, the high accuracy of the rudder angle sensor is realized.

Abstract: A first vehicle power steering system includes a twistable steering torsion bar, a magnet, a Hall sensor, and a valve. The steering torsion bar has a first end fixedly connected to a vehicle steering wheel. The magnet is movable in a first and an opposite second longitudinal direction with respect to the steering torsion bar and is constrained to move in the first longitudinal direction when the steering wheel is turned to the right by a driver and is constrained to move in the second longitudinal direction when the steering wheel is turned to the left by the driver. The Hall sensor has an output and is positioned proximate the magnet. The valve is operatively connected to the output. A second vehicle power steering system includes a twistable steering torsion bar, a ring-magnet support cylinder, a ring-magnet assembly, a ball-and-ramp assembly, a spring, a Hall sensor, and a valve.

Abstract: An electric power steering device provided with two belleville springs for suppressing the axial movement of a worm rotated by a steering-assisting electric motor and having shaft portions at its both end portions, and limiting members for limiting the deflection amounts of the two belleville springs. The limiting members are respectively disposed at portions along the outer circumferences of the shaft portions at both end portions of the worm, the respective inner circumferential portions of the two belleville springs are formed into flat portions, the outer circumferential portions thereof are respectively formed into tapered portions having a taper shape, and the limiting members are made contact with the flat portions, thereby limiting the deflection amounts of the tapered portions. Hence, the limiting members can be provided without increasing the size of the worm serving as a small gear.

Abstract: In a vehicle steering apparatus in which a housing for supporting coaxially to a rack shaft a ball nut that is provided with a ball screw mechanism constructed between itself and the rack shaft for moving in an axial direction for the purpose of steering and that is rotated by transmission from a steering motor is constructed in a separated form consisting of first and second housings fit to each other by spigot-joint fitting on an outer side of a retaining ring of a thrust bearing for thrust-supporting a rotating cylinder, a gap is provided in a part of the spigot-joint fitting part located on an outer side of the fixing nut screwed into the retaining ring in order to apply from one side a tightening force on a thrust bearing fit into and retained by the retaining ring.

Abstract: An electric power steering apparatus for an automobile includes a pinion shaft connected to a steering wheel of the automobile; a rack bar having a ball screw formed on an outer peripheral surface thereof; a motor for generating steering power; a motor pulley positioned on a motor shaft of the motor; a motor pulley housing for enclosing the motor shaft and the motor pulley; a self-aligning bearing positioned between an outer peripheral surface of an end of the motor shaft and an inner peripheral surface of the motor pulley housing; a ball nut adapted to engage with the ball crew via a ball; a ball nut pulley positioned on an outer peripheral surface of the ball nut; and a belt for connecting the motor pulley and the ball nut pulley to each other. The self-aligning bearing positioned on the motor shaft makes it possible to simplify the structure of the belt-type transmission device, reduce the number of components, and decrease the manufacturing cost.

Abstract: A connecting sheet of a paper cone is provided. After overlapped, the two different surface material layers with different properties are combined together by pressurizing and heating them in a mold, and subsequently are made into an annular connecting sheet which has an arc portion with an inward extending end, and an outward extending end. The inward extending end portion is used to attach to the paper cone, and the outward extending end portion is used to attach to the iron frame of the loudspeaker. Therefore, the drawbacks of the conventional connecting sheet composed of only one surface material can be overcome, and a good acoustic quality of a loudspeaker can be obtained.

Abstract: An improved horn for a compression driver which has an interior foam plug for reducing the amplitude of unwanted non-fundamental wave propagation and better control over the sound radiation pattern of the device.

Abstract: An air pumping device used in an aquarium with a silencing effect, the device mainly has a housing, the housing is used to receive therein an air pump and a coil unit able to generate an alternating magnetic field; and the housing is formed therein a sealed silencing chamber covered with a covering plate. The silencing chamber has therein partitions to divide it into a front silencing chamber and a rear silencing chamber. When the air pump is operated, air is led firstly into the front silencing chamber, the air flows through the air pump and then is led into the rear silencing chamber; after an action of buffering, the air exhausts from the housing through an end of the silencing chamber.

Abstract: A duct 26 has circumferentially distributed features capable of scattering acoustic energy associated with fluid dynamic shocks 34 extending in a shock orientation direction D. Each feature is oriented, over at least a portion of its length, substantially perpendicular to the shock orientation direction. The features may be splices 42 used to connect segments of an acoustic liner 30, partitions 56 in a stability enhancing casing treatment 32, or other features capable of scattering acoustic energy associated with shocks.

Abstract: Aspects of the invention are directed to a system for improving the damping performance of an acoustic resonator. According to aspects of the invention, a resonator, such as a Helmholtz resonator, can be attached to a surface of a combustor component in a turbine engine. The combustor component includes a region in which a plurality of passages extend through the thickness of the component. The resonator is attached to the component so as to enclose at least some of the passages. The passages are in fluid communication with a cavity defined between the component surface and the resonator. Resonator performance is a function of the length of the passages in the component. According to aspects of the invention, resonator performance can be improved by reducing the length of the passages in the component by reducing the thickness of the component in a region that includes the plurality of passages.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a muffler for an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine. To be able to suppress at least two different frequencies or frequency ranges in a comparatively inexpensive design, the muffler has a housing in which at least two resonator chambers are separated from one another. At least two branch pipes branch off from an exhaust-carrying pipe in a branch section. These branch pipes open into different resonator chambers. The respective resonator chamber forms a Helmholtz resonator with the respective branch pipe, each resonator differing from the others in their different resonance frequencies.

Abstract: Low density acoustical gypsum boards having a perforated cover sheet that have good sound absorption properties and are generally clear of falling gypsum dust. The invention optionally provides a cover sheet having a pattern producing a textured visual effect particularly when viewed from a distance. The acoustical gypsum boards can be produced on modified existing gypsum board lines.

Abstract: An acoustical panel is formed from a core of glass fiber reinforced material which is acoustically porous so as to absorb sound waves with the core being sufficiently rigid to form the panel for supporting within an area where sound waves are to be absorbed. On the front surface is adhesively attached a sheet of wood veneer to provide an attractive front surface for presentation into the area such that the sound waves in the area impact upon the sheet. The sheet is perforated prior to adhesive attachment over its entire surface with an array of punched holes of a number and size sufficient to allow passage through the sheet of sound waves for transfer into the core so that the punched holes extend through the sheet only.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention an aircraft floor panel is provided comprising a honeycomb core element having an upper core surface, a lower core surface, and a core thickness. An upper face sheet assembly is mounted to and seals the upper core surface and includes at least one upper material sheet impregnated with an upper epoxy resin. A lower damping face sheet assembly is mounted to and seals the lower core surface and includes at least one lower material sheet infused with a highly damped lower epoxy resin. The lower damping face sheet assembly dampens vibrational noise.

Abstract: A bail out device for rapidly escaping from an unsafe structure is provided. A rope has an attachment section and a repelling section. The attachment section is connected to the repelling section. The repelling section is substantially longer than the attachment section. An attachment means is connected to one end of the attachment section. The attachment section has a double figure eight knot adjacent to the attachment means. A fire resistant sheath covers the attachment section. A descending device which is a plate with five openings in it. The rope in the repelling section extends in and out of four of the five openings. An intermediate clip is mounted in one of the openings of the descending device. A leash, which is a sewn quick draw sling, connects an outer clip to the intermediate clip.

Abstract: Described is a net system that attaches to buildings or structures undergoing maintenance, renovation, or construction. The net system is comprised of at least one mounting apparatus, at least one cantilever arm, and a net. These components work together to create a net system that encompasses a structure while still allowing sufficient clearance between the net and the structure for a swing stage or other types of construction equipment to easily move. The cantilever aims and mounting apparatuses are positioned around the building in an arrangement where the cantilever arms support a net system around the exterior of a building. The net system comprises multiple large nets that are coupled to the ends of the cantilever arms with fasteners. The large nets are connected to each other with fasteners such as hooks, loops, wire, or rope and form a continuous protective barrier around the building.

Abstract: A powered controlled acceleration suspension work platform hoist system for raising and lowering a work platform at a predetermined acceleration. The system incorporates several hoists attached to the work platform and in electrical communication with the motor control system. The motor control system is attached to the work platform and is in electrical communication with a constant frequency input power source and the hoist motors. The motor control system controls the acceleration of the work platform as it is raised and lowered by controlling the hoist motors. The controlled acceleration hoist system also includes a platform control system attached to the work platform that is in electrical communication with the motor control system and the hoist motors. Acceleration control is achieved by converting the constant frequency input power to a variable frequency power supply. This may be accomplished through the use of a variable frequency drive(s).

Abstract: A platform to be arranged adjacent to another platform to collectively form a heated walkway that minimizes the formation of ice on a surface of the walkway that is exposed to a sub-freezing environment. The platform includes an outermost surface to be exposed to the sub-freezing environment for providing traction for pedestrians walking on the platform, and a heating element for generating thermal energy to be transmitted to the outermost surface for minimizing the formation of ice on the outermost surface. A fastener is also provided for coupling the platform to a compatible feature of an adjacent platform to collectively form a walkway, and an electrical conductor delivers electric energy to the heating element and conducts electric energy from an external energy source to an adjacent platform.

Abstract: The invention features a system for displaying video information to passengers of an elevator in accordance with a play list defining a sequence of messages. The video information messages can include combinations of digital advertising, “real-time” general information, as well as, building-related information. The system includes an elevator display unit having a display monitor for displaying video information to the passengers, and a local server which, receives scheduling information associated with the video information over a data communication path and, in accordance with the scheduling information, generates a play list used to display at the elevator display unit.

Abstract: An elevator car (8) is guided vertically by diagonally arranged guide rails (3A, 3B).

Abstract: The bolt-on disc brake assembly includes a hub hat that can be used with off the shelf rotors and doesn't require any welding to complete a disc brake conversion. Thea hub hat is for mounting a bolt-on brake rotor to a wheel hub on an axle shaft assembly. The hub hat includes an annular hub plate with circumferentially spaced through-holes to receive wheel studs of the wheel hub, an annular rotor plate with circumferentially spaced through-holes to receive bolts for bolting on the brake rotor, and a circular-cylindrical hub housing connected between the annular hub plate and the annular rotor plate.

Abstract: A brake disk producing method, comprising a periphery pressing step for forming an outer peripheral shape (5) of a rotor plate (2) into a peripheral shape having recesses and ridges (5a, 5b) repeated in a radial direction, and a chamfering step for forming a chamfered surface (6) by pressing, against a corner portion (2d) on an outer peripheral edge of the rotor plate (2), a die (7), and a brake disk made by the method. Accordingly, it is possible to improve heat radiation capability, reduce the weight and moment of inertia, improve safety in handling, and suppress increase in production costs. Furthermore, by forming the chamfered surface (6), the amount of wear of a brake pad pressed by the brake disk (1) can be reduced, and durability of braking performance can be maintained or improved.

Abstract: A clamping device includes two clamping members pivotally connected with each other and each having a first end and a second end, and a braking mechanism mounted between the second ends of the two clamping members to provide a stepless braking effect to the two clamping members. Thus, the braking mechanism provides a stepless braking effect to the two clamping members, so that the two clamping members are movable toward each other freely so as to shorten and adjust the open angle of the holding portion successively to hold a workpiece and are not movable outward relative each other to stop an outward movement of the two clamping members instantaneously so as to fix the holding portion to clamp the workpiece.

Abstract: A parking brake for a vehicle, including a parking brake unit, a drive unit, an actuating device situated between the parking brake unit and the drive unit, which actuating device is drivable by the drive unit and actuates the parking brake unit, and a mechanical locking device situated between the drive unit and the actuating device, which locking device, when a drive torque is interrupted, automatically locks the actuating device in order to mechanically lock the parking brake unit in a braking position; the locking occurs by means of a counteracting torque, which acts on the locking device after the interruption of the drive torque.

Abstract: A rotary damper includes a housing, a viscous fluid filled in the housing, and a rotor disposed inside the housing and having a shaft part partially protruding from the housing. The rotor has a plurality of rotating resistance parts provided on the shaft part for moving in the viscous fluid inside the housing. A first sloping part is provided on an upstream side of the rotating resistance part to form a distance relative to an inner surface of the housing gradually decreasing toward a downstream side, and a second sloping part is provided on a downstream side of the rotating resistance part to form a distance relative to the inner surface of the housing gradually increasing toward a downstream side.

Abstract: The invention relates to an automotive drive, comprising a cooling circuit with a coolant, a retarder having a rotor and a stator that together form a toroidal working chamber, with the coolant being the working medium of the retarder. The retarder has an inlet for feeding the working medium from the cooling circuit and an outlet for discharging the working medium into the cooling circuit. The present automotive drive is characterized by the following features: the retarder has an additional evacuation outlet, which communicates with the cooling circuit so as to carry the working medium; a leakage pump is interposed in the connection between the evacuation outlet and the cooling circuit.

Abstract: A both-side rod type damper (11) is arranged in a storage chamber (40) formed inside an inner tube (2) and an outer tube (3), rods (31) and (32) of the damper (11) are coupled so as to move by the same quantity in accordance with the extending or retracting operation of a front fork, a bearing (5) for slidably supporting the rod (32) is provided at a cylinder end, the bearing (5) is movable by a predetermined quantity in a radius direction and an axial direction of the rod relative to the cylinder, and the bearing (5) moves toward the inside of the cylinder to communicate the oil chamber R2 with the storage chamber (40) when the pressure of the storage chamber (40) is higher than the pressure of the oil chamber R2 in the damper (11), and the communication is shut down when the movement is made to the opposite side thereof.

Abstract: A pet bag includes a telescoping handle mounted to the back side panel of the bag by means of a bracket with one extending along the bottom edge of the carrier bag and a bracket near the upper side of the back side panel. The back side panel also includes an assembly of reinforcing webs that cooperate with first and second spaced tubes comprising the telescoping handle for receipt of a seat belt to retain the carrier bag in the event of a sudden stop.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a rotary drive clutch that is fluid-operable by a piston/cylinder unit rigidly coupled to a clutch shaft and bearing-mounted so as to rotate therewith.

Abstract: A ratcheting mechanism for a hand-held tool is provided. The mechanism includes a housing having a central opening and a pair of slots disposed on opposite sides of the opening. Each slot has an arcuate or circular end portion opposite the central opening which circumscribes an arc of greater than 180° in order to pivotally retain a generally circular stem of a pawl therein. Due to the presence of a pair of biasing members within the housing, each pawl is biased inwardly towards the central opening and into engagement with teeth located on the exterior of a gear rotatably disposed within the central opening. A cap rotatably connected to the housing over the pawls and the central opening is able to selectively disengage one of the pawls to allow the rotation of the gear within the central opening in a specified direction.

Abstract: An electro-slip clutch may include a friction stack for receiving input rotation from an input shaft and a surrounding hub and for attaching to an output member. A bearing surface may be provided adjacent the friction stack and a solenoid may further be provided. The solenoid may include a plunger in a first position pressing against the bearing surface with a first degree of force and in a second position different than the first position relative to the bearing surface. Thus, torque transmitted through the friction stack is adjustable by the solenoid. A method of operating a clutch mechanism may include providing a solenoid adjacent a friction stack and providing a first current level to the solenoid, the first current level energizing a coil of the solenoid and pushing a plunger within the solenoid towards the friction stack with a first degree of force.

Abstract: In a hydraulic servo for a clutch, a cancel plate is disposed on a second clutch drum that undergoes the same rotation as a second clutch drum provided with a cylinder portion, in such a fashion that the cancel plate is restricted from moving to a side opposite from a return spring in an axial direction. The first clutch drum is disposed, as a separate member, on the second clutch drum. A step portion of the second clutch drum prevents the first clutch drum from moving to a side opposite from the cancel plate. Due to the spring force of the return spring, the oil pressure in the cancel oil chamber and the oil pressure in the operating oil chamber, the force that presses the first clutch drum to the step portion is always greater than the force that presses the first clutch drum to the cancel plate side.

Abstract: The present invention provides a friction plate having a friction surface formed by adhering a friction material to a substantially annular core plate and wherein the friction surface is provided with an oil passage communicated with inner and outer peripheral edges of the friction plate, a first oil groove having an opening portion opened to the inner peripheral edge of the friction plate and an end portion terminating at a position between the inner and outer peripheral edges, and a second first oil groove having an opening portion opened to the outer peripheral edge of the friction plate and an end portion terminating at a position between the inner and outer peripheral edges.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of determining completion of coin insertion capable of easily and reliably determining whether or not a number of coins required for purchasing an article has been inserted. A coin holding portion (105) is constructed such that coins are retained in row in the coin holding portion (105) being electrically connected to each other in series. Further, a first electrode (121) that comes into contact with the coin located at one end side of the row is provided in the coin holding portion (105); and a second electrode (123) that comes into contact with the coin located at the other end side of the row is provided in the coin holding portion (105). The coin holding portion (105) is constructed to detect an electric current between the first electrode (121) and the second electrode (123) to determine whether or not the required number of coins has been inserted.

Abstract: An unloading auger for an agricultural harvester includes an inner auger having an outer end and a first coupler at the outer end. The first coupler includes a first engagement cog. An outer auger is pivotally attached to the outer end of the inner auger. The outer auger has an inner end and a second coupler at the inner end. The second coupler includes a second engagement cog. The first coupler or second coupler includes at least one engagement assistor configured to rotate the outer auger prior to engagement between the first engagement cog and the second engagement cog.

Abstract: In a transfer system used for transferring articles that are conveyed on a main conveying path to branching conveying paths, change-over guiding sections of change-over units have an upper guiding body and a lower guiding body and the change-over action of the upper guiding body is caused by the motion force of an article side-push body in the direction of a main conveying path, and the change-over action of the lower guiding body is caused integrally in the second half of this change-over action. As a result, a sufficient change-over guiding length in the change-over unit can be ensured and change-over can be performed smoothly via both guiding bodies at all times.

Abstract: An apparatus for positioning conveyed articles at different lengths from an initial position includes an endless loop transport system that moves a number of articles in a direction of transport and guide rails attached to the transport system, which extend approximately perpendicular to the direction of transport. A holding device is movably disposed on a respective guide rail and a controller causes the holding device to move perpendicular to the direction of transport along the respective guide rail. Articles are gripped by the holding device while moving in continuous motion at an initial position and then moved to different lengths along the guide rails via the controller.

Abstract: To leach the metal, crushed ore must be dumped in relatively thin layers of a height of approx. 5 m to 10 m. A conveying and stacking system, including a movable conveyor belt system, traveling tripper and stacker is used for this. The movable conveyor belt system is formed by a plurality of individual belts, the so-called grasshoppers. Provisions are made in the dumping technology for a high block for the end device in the conveying chain, the stacker with its swingable stacker boom, to always discharge an arc-shaped layer of ore, after which the device moves back by the amount of the next layer to be discharged in an arc-shaped pattern. This process is repeated until the stacker has moved back by the effective length of a grasshopper. Conveying is then stopped, one grasshopper is removed from the conveyor belt system and dumping of the ore is then continued. To enable this technology to be used, the stacker must be provided with a material pickup area, which is as long as a grasshopper.

Abstract: A self-synchronizing system and method for conveyor belt sensor operation is disclosed based on the address of an RFID tag in the belt and the location of that tag in the system memory. A moving conveyor belt system has a plurality of sensors spaced along the belt and a sensor reader for detecting and identifying the presence of a sensor passing by the sensor reader. The belt further includes a plurality of identification tags spaced along the belt and a tag reader for detecting and identifying the presence of a tag passing by the tag reader. Associated time and distance target values are acquired from a calibration table for a next sensor (S1) based upon a detected and identified functional tag. Time and distance counters are initiated. The conveyor belt may be stopped in the event that the next sensor (S1) is not detected before the time and distance target values are exceeded.

Abstract: A diabolo roller conveyor provided with rotation axles with diabolo rollers mounted thereon, each diabolo roller being divided into two diabolo roller halves by an imaginary dividing plane in which the rotation axle too extends, a locking element being provided having a locked position and a releasing position, while each diabolo roller half is connected to the rotation axle via at least one weighing guide element such that in the releasing position this allows an independent movement of each diabolo roller half parallel to the imaginary plane and perpendicular to the rotation axle for the purpose of weighing an object located on the respective diabolo roller half and that in a locked position the two diabolo roller halves are intercoupled and rotatably drivable through rotation of the rotation axle. An apparatus provided with such a diabolo roller conveyor wherein the apparatus is provided with a weighing cell over which the diabolo rollers are guided.

Abstract: An input apparatus for a multimedia device, said input apparatus comprising: a rotator wheel having an upper planar surface that is substantially annular in shape and exposed in order that the upper planar surface may be accessed by a user of the multimedia device; means for detecting rotational movement of the rotator wheel about an axis perpendicular to the upper planar surface of the rotator wheel; and select means activated when a pressure is applied to the upper surface of the rotator wheel in a direction substantially parallel to an axis perpendicular to the upper planar surface of the rotator wheel.

Abstract: A keypad assembly (10) with embedded audio components can include a keypad and an audio component (14) within at least one key (12) of the keypad. At least one key can include an audio port (13). The keypad assembly can further include an insulating layer (18) or flexible circuit (21) between the audio component and a printed circuit board (17) as well as a switch (15) or other switch activation means on the printed circuit board for activating a function when the at least one key is depressed. The audio component can be a microphone or a speaker or an ultrasonic transducer for example. The keypad assembly can include a plurality of keys where each key in the plurality can have a microphone or speaker to form a microphone array or speaker array respectively. For example, the audio generating component can be formed using micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) technology.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a power tool with a removable power supply unit (32, 132, 232) on the device side for supplying electrical power, with at least one indirectly actuatable switch (14, 114, 214) for switching a drive machine on and off. It is provided that a decoupling device (58, 158, 258) for decoupling the switch (14, 114, 214) and a switching element (26, 126, 226) that at least indirectly actuates the switch (14, 114, 214) are provided.

Abstract: In a drive for a switching device, stored energy is converted into a rapid switching movement and a switching body is hence activated. An energy conversion occurs as a result of an underwater electrical discharge, by the application of stored electrical energy in order to evaporate a drive medium, by which an exclusive pressure is generated for operating the switching body. An advantage is presented of the possibility of the complete recondensation/recombination of the working medium and a greatly increased lifespan compared to a conventional explosive drive.

Abstract: An actuator is provided that includes: a diaphragm that vibrates to generate sound; a housing that is attached to an outer edge of the diaphragm to support the diaphragm; an accommodating space that is formed inside the diaphragm and the housing, and an axis of which extends in a thickness direction of the diaphragm in the middle of the diaphragm; a coil that is wound around the axis, is attached to a face of the diaphragm facing the accommodating space, and is disposed in the accommodating space; a movable body that is disposed in a radial inside space of the coil or on an extension of the space, within the accommodating space; and a spring that supports the movable body such that the movable body is movable in the axial direction within the accommodating space.

Abstract: A switch is disclosed to include a housing, a PC board, which is mounted inside the housing and has a control circuit, a face panel mounted on one the housing, a plurality of switching buttons respectively mounted in respective holes on the face panel and electrically coupled to the control circuit of the PC board for switching a respective hot-key, and a plurality of hot-key indicator lights respectively mounted in respective holes on the face panel and electrically coupled to the control circuit of the PC board for indicating the operation status of the switching buttons respectively.