Abstract: An extension for use with a planter, drill, or other farming implement having a seed tube that deposits seed in a furrow. The extension defines protrusions for attaching one or more liquid distribution apparatuses arranged to distribute liquid in a furrow well above the seeds, on the seeds, or both.

Abstract: A drill (10) adapted to distribute at least one of seeds and solid fertilizer, the drill (10) comprising a support frame (12) supported by at least two rear wheels (16) aft thereof, a main reservoir (20) installed on a rear portion (12b) of the support frame (12), the main reservoir (20) forming a receptacle with an at least partially open top to receive the at least one of the seeds and the solid fertilizer, the main reservoir having an outlet in a lower portion thereof a secondary reservoir (32) installed on a front portion of the support frame (12) and having an at least partially open top, a distribution system in communication with the secondary reservoir (32) for distributing the at least one of the seeds and fertilizer; and a conveyor (30) in communication with the outlet in the main reservoir (20) and extending to the secondary reservoir (32) such as to carry the at least one of the seeds and the solid fertilizer from the main reservoir (20) to the secondary reservoir (32), whereby the at least one of

Abstract: An embroidery sewing machine includes a needle, a needle driving section which vertically drives the needle, a cloth holding section which holds a cloth, a moving section which moves the cloth holding section along a plane, a storage section, an array calculating section and a control section. The array calculating section arranges a plurality of outlines of the piece in the sewing enabling region based on the cutting line data and the region data that are stored in the storage section, and obtains array data representing each arrangement position of the outlines of the piece and each rotating angles of the outlines of the piece in respective arrangement positions. The control section controls the moving section and the needle driving section in accordance with the array data and the cutting line data so as to form a cutting line of a seam on the cloth.

Abstract: A process for producing a camouflage material having a three-dimensional surface contour comprises providing a plurality of parallel strips of thermoplastic camouflage material having irregular side edges and positioning the strips, preferably with overlapping edges, on an underlying substrate in a multiple head bonding machine, such as a quilting machine, that simultaneously bonds a number of strips of material to the substrate in parallel fashion. Prior to bonding the strips to the substrate, the strips are spaced apart from the substrate and freely suspended. While freely suspended, a series of hot gas pulses (typically hot air) are delivered at spaced, discreet locations along the longitudinal outer surface of the strips of camouflage fabric. The temperature and duration of the air pulses are such that the hot pulses form shallow, cup-shaped depressions in the camouflage fabric, causing the camouflage fabric to spring away from the plane of the substrate at intermittent intervals along its length.

Abstract: A method for forming a textile article includes forming a hem. An end flap at the edge of the article is folded toward the main body of the textile article. An inner end of the flap is held to the main body of the textile article. The method for holding the article may be by thermal bonding of the flap to the main body or application of an adhesive therebetween. Embellished stitching secures the hem to the main body of the textile article.

Abstract: A nautical device, for adjusting the bow sail of a sail boat comprises a cross-shape support element including a support rail, therealong a carriage to which the bow sail is attached slides. The device comprises moreover driving and locking means for driving and locking the carriage to/at a desired position on the rail. The device allows, by driving the carriage to which the sail hook is attached, to modify the angle of incidence of the sail, with respect to the wind, as the sail boat is driven with the sail close to the wind, to always hold the same angle of incidence of the wind on the sail, and jam the direction of the sail boat toward the wind, to substantially achieve an upwind condition, to remove the sail from the spanker (with a butterfly type of sail), thereby increasing the surface of the sail thereon the wind incides (like a Spinnaker).

Abstract: An electronic control system is provided to permit one-person loading and unloading of a vessel from a trailer. The control moves the vessel using bow, stern and fore/aft thrusters that are supplied by the boat manufacturer. Operator inputs to the system controller of the instant invention consist of one or more multi-axis joysticks and a multi-axis foot pedal that are mounted onboard the vessel and a hand-held remote control that permits owner control of the vessel while standing on shore. For one-person unloading and loading of the vessel from and to a trailer, the owner may, using the remote control, drive the vessel off of the trailer to a remote location in the water, park and have the vessel maintain its position with respect to GPS satellites, and call for the vessel to return to the launch point using location data that was previously recorded by the system control.

Abstract: It is proposed in order to create a high load balanced rudder (100) with a rudder blade (10), whereby the rudder blade (10) is rotatable over a rudder post (11) and the rudder post (11) is placed in a rudder port (12) and the rudder port (12) is supported over a fixed leading head (14) on a hull (13) of the ship which has a reduced flow resistance that a lower edge (15) of the leading head (14) is placed in a diameter area (D) of a driving propeller (17) and a lower rudder port bearing (18) is configured reinforced (19).

Abstract: A tow device having a mounting bracket adapted for vehicle mounting, a spring-loaded bobbin, a hollow telescoping rod, a tow line, and a handle. The hollow telescoping rod, which can be automatically extended, has one end attached to the mounting bracket while the other end is mounted for pivotal movement. The tow line extends longitudinally through the hollow telescoping rod and is attached to the handle at one end and the spring-loaded bobbin at the other end.

Abstract: A main channel formed in the hull of a shallow draft boat extends from the bow region of the boat through to the transom region of the boat. The main channel is of substantially uniform width from the shoulder of the boat to a recess formed in the transom adapted to retain an outboard motor. Forward of the shoulder, the channel flares out until it opens at the bow of the boat. A cooling channel extends above the top of the main channel at the stern of the boat to direct cooling water to the cooling water inlet of an outboard motor.

Abstract: To provide a marine safety ladder that makes rescue possible within a short time, without posing any risk of contact with a pleasure boat or the like, without causing any additional concern in the operation of boats during docking and departure, without the risk of injury to a person who has fallen, etc., and without the risk of falling when the ladder is being stowed.

Abstract: This invention relates to a traffic cone structure that comprises a base disposed at the bottom of a conical body, a counterweight member wrapped and coupled into the base by an injection molding method, and a through hole disposed at the middle of the counterweight member. With this structural design, the conical body can come with a counterweight member of different specifications and weights, so as to save the cost of making the molds, lower the costs, and improve the product quality.

Abstract: A humidity indicator includes a first film (F1) covering a surface of a humidity-determining plate (B), and a second film (F2) covering a back of the humidity-determining plate (B). A flat air layer (Au) is formed at least between the first film (F1) and the surface of the humidity-determining plate (B), so that the entire surfaces of humidity-determining faces (M1 to M4), to which cobalt chloride (CO) is exposed, face to the air layer (Au), and a plurality of small holes (H) are formed at distances from one another in the first film (F1) to permit the direct communication of the air layer (Au) with the atmosphere. Therefore, even if an operator picks, with his or her hand, a humidity indicator for determining humidity by the discoloration of cobalt chloride, the cobalt chloride on a humidity-determining face is prevented effectively from adhering to the operator's hand and thus, entering into his or her body.

Abstract: An overload indicator for a load supporting apparatus is arranged to bend during overloading of the apparatus, thereby visually indicating the overload to a user or observer. The indicator features a longitudinal member having a U-shaped cross section defining one central and two side portions. A series of slots extend into each side portion from a side opposite the central portion such that the member will bend concavely with respect to that side, moving opposite ends of the member closer together. The indicator is arranged to extend between connection points on a first member and a second load supporting member of the apparatus in order to bend in response to excessive loading of the second member. The bending moves the connection points of the two members closer together, thus bringing the load closer to the first member.

Abstract: A calcium fluoride single crystal with increased radiation resistance can be prepared by growing under controlled conditions of solidification from a melt of a crystal raw material containing a dopant affording ions of Al and/or Ga and/or In and/or Tl. Such a single crystal after irra-diation with at least 5×108 laser pulses having a pulse energy of at least 10 mJ/cm2 shows at a wavelength of 193 nm an absorption of less than 0.1%/cm.

Abstract: A silicon ingot is manufactured by pulling a nitrogen doped silicon single crystal. The oxygen concentration in the crystal is controlled during the pulling, so as to maintain a relationship between the oxygen and nitrogen concentration in the ingot, corresponding to the formula Oi=C1?[C2×(Log Ni)], where C1 and C2 are first and second constants, and Oi is the oxygen concentration and Ni is the nitrogen concentration in the ingot. C1 and C2 will vary depending on the defect criteria. For example, for one criteria C1 may equal to 146.3×1017 and C2 may equal to 9×1017, and Ni may be within the range of approximately 3×1015 to approximately 3×1014 atoms/cm3, while for a stricter defect criteria C1 may equal 127×1017 and C2 may equal 8×1017, and Ni may be within the range proximately 1×1015 to approximately 1×1014 atoms/cm3.

Abstract: The present invention includes pure single-crystalline metal oxide and metal fluoride nanostructures, and methods of making same. These nanostructures include nanorods and nanoarrays.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a doctor device for metering and/or leveling a liquid to pasty medium applied to a moving surface, the surface in the case of direct application being a paper, board or other fibrous web and in the case of indirect application being the surface of a transfer element which transfers the medium to the fibrous web. The doctor device includes a cylindrical metering rod and a pressure tube, with which the metering rod can be pressed against the moving surface for the purpose of metering and/or leveling the medium applied. Additionally, the doctor device is of modular design, having a top part and a bottom part, the top part being provided with a first holder for holding the pressure tube, and the bottom part being provided with a second holder for holding a clamping tube.

Abstract: A process, apparatus and material composition for forming a coherent refractory mass on a surface wherein one or more non-combustible materials are mixed with one or more metallic combustible powders and an oxidizer, igniting the mixture in a combustion chamber so that the combustible metallic particles react in an exothermic manner with the oxidizer and release sufficient heat to form a coherent mass of material under the action of the heat of combustion, and projecting this mass against the surface so that the mass adheres durably to the surface. The combustion chamber can be operative with a reverse vortex to cool the walls of the chamber.

Abstract: According to one aspect of the invention, a fluidic actuator and a control system for the fluidic actuator may be provided. A first component of the actuator may have two openings interconnected by a passageway. A second component may be moveably housed within the passageway and divide the passageway into two portions. A fluid delivery system may be connected to the two openings. The fluid delivery system may supply a first pressure of fluid to the first portion of the passageway causing the second component to move within the passageway at a first speed. When the second component is in a selected position within the passageway, the fluid delivery system may reduce the pressure of the fluid, causing a reduction in speed of the second component. The fluidic actuator may be used in a wafer processing system.

Abstract: A band shield for a substrate processing chamber has a cylindrical wall with a slit therethrough. A flange extends radially outward from a bottom end of the cylindrical wall. A casing extends radially outwardly from a top end of the cylindrical wall and wraps around the slit to join to the flange. At least a portion of the surfaces of the cylindrical wall, flange, and casing have a surface roughness average of less than about 16 microinch, whereby less deposition occurs on these surfaces when they are exposed to the process environment in the substrate processing chamber. The vertical wall of the shield is absent any sills or other projections about the exhaust port to improve pumping conductance.

Abstract: The system for vacuum deposition of a coating on a web material (N), comprises: a feed path of the web material in a vacuum environment; along the feed path, a process roller (19) around which said web material is guided; associated with the process roller, at least one vaporization source (31) of a material to form the coating; upstream of this source, along the feed path of the web material, an applicator unit (51) to apply a masking agent to the web material according to a pre-established pattern. The applicator unit in turn comprises a printing cylinder (53), cooperating with a distributor cylinder (55) of said masking agent, and a source (57) of masking agent. The applicator unit (51) comprises at the ends thereof, adjustment means (73) separate from each other to adjust the position of the applicator unit (51) with respect to the process roller (19).

Abstract: The radio frequency (RF) grounding apparatus of the present invention uses a clamp to clamp an RF grounding rod by surface contact to improve the connection stability. The clamp is connected to a flexible conductive sheet to form a grounding path to avoid the arcing generated by the bottom part (e.g., a heater) of a traditional plasma reaction chamber and to avoid breakage of the ceramic surface of the bottom part of the plasma reaction chamber, which would be caused by the RF grounding rod due to thermal expansion. The heater of the plasma reaction chamber, which is equipped with the RF grounding apparatus of the present invention, exhibits an extended lifetime. The top of the RF grounding rod is fixed to an RF mesh, and the RF grounding rod extends downward. The bottom of the RF grounding rod is clamped firmly and electrically by the clamp. The flexible conductive sheet connects the clamp and the grounding base of the plasma reaction chamber to form a grounding path.

Abstract: A radio frequency (RF) grounding rod employed in a plasma chamber of semiconductor equipment is disclosed. The RF grounding rod includes a contact head and a main rod. The contact head is electrically connected to an RF mesh of the plasma chamber. The main rod is coated with a conductive layer of gold, silver, nickel, aluminum or copper. One end is connected to the contact head, and the other end is electrically connected to a grounding base of the plasma chamber to form an electrical conductive path. The main rod is formed of an upper rod, a lower rod and connection therebetween. The connection can be formed by soldering gold, silver, nickel, aluminum, copper or the alloy thereof, or by an engagement of a screw portion and a nut portion.

Abstract: The upper electrode (15a) and the lower electrode (15b) are installed in the chamber (2) in parallel. Between these electrodes, the upper electrode (15a) is electrically grounded. The lower electrode (15b) is connected to the first RF power generator (13) via the low-pass filter (14) and to the second RF power generator (22) via the high-pass filter (23). Wafer W is held against the upper part of the lower electrode (15b) by the high-temperature electrostatic chuck ESC. By being distributed the first and the second RF electric power from the RF power generators (13) and (22), respectively, plasma is produced near the lower electrode (15b), and the wafer W is processed by the plasma. By these procedures, plasma process apparatus with high efficiency in plasma processing and simple structure can be offered.

Abstract: Resonance can be surely provided under any plasma condition in such a manner that an antenna (3) is arranged in an opening of an upper part of a chamber (1) to produce an electromagnetic field generated by a microwave, a top plate (4) for sealing the opening of the chamber (1) is provided under the antenna (3), a ring-shaped ridge (41) is provided on a lower surface of the top plate (4) such that a thickness thereof in a diameter direction is tapered so as to be varied sequentially. Thus, only one kind of top plate has the same effect as a top plate having various thicknesses, so that absorption efficiency to the plasma can be considerably improved and the plasma can be generated stably over a range from a high pressure to a low pressure.

Abstract: A system and method is disclosed for vaporizing a solid precursor and transporting the precursor vapor to a process chamber. The film precursor vaporization system is coupled to the process chamber and positioned directly above the substrate. A precursor valve system within the film precursor vaporization system permits closing off the flow of precursor vapor to the process chamber while carrier gas flows through or over the film precursor, and once the carrier gas is saturated with precursor vapor, the precursor valve system is opened to permit the flow of precursor vapor to the substrate.

Abstract: A method of collecting a sample of milk while milking a succession of animals comprises diverting a portion of milk from an animal into a flowpath (74, 77) leading to an extraction point (80). The flowpath (74, 77) is dimensioned such that milk flows along the flowpath as a plug occupying the whole of its cross-section and allows some of the milk from the animal to pass the extraction point (80). Thereafter the milk is transferred into a container or other receiver and at least some of the remaining milk of that animal reaching the extraction point.

Abstract: A method and system for creating a customized animal feed is disclosed. The method and system include having ingredient data from more than one location, animal data, evaluation data, and optimization weighting data. The specifications for a customized feed are generated using ingredient data representative of the mix of ingredients available at one or more locations. A customized feed is generated which is designed to fulfill the nutritional requirements for the animal's diet. The nutritional requirements are derived from the animal data. Furthermore, the feed is optimized based upon the profile data, the feed data, the evaluation data, and the optimization weighting data.

Abstract: A system and method for a feeding installation (1) comprising a trough (2) for offering feed to an animal, several storage containers (3, 4), each provided with a metering device (15A, 15B, 15C) for metering an amount of feed, a converter (7) for generating an alternating current for controlling the metering device (15A, 15B, 15C), and a control device (8) for controlling the converter (7). Several metering devices (15A, 15B, 15C) are capable of being energized individually by the converter (7).

Abstract: A pet toilet is disposed at a corner area in an enclosure. The toilet includes a receiving tray having a corner area shaped roughly along the shape of a corner area of the enclosure, a covering member placed above the receiving tray with a number of through-holes penetrated, and a disposable sheet disposed on the receiving tray and including a storage part for receiving excrement, a screen erected at the base part side of the storage part, and a linkage part to link the storage part and the screen with each other. The storage part has its upper surface partially exposed at a portion close to a corner area of the receiving tray and is covered by the covering member at a portion spaced from the corner area of the receiving tray.

Abstract: An assembly of a gate for use in animal traffic, and an animal recognition device that is provided with a reading device disposed on the gate and an identification device worn by an animal, the gate comprising two swing doors, that are each pivotable about their own almost vertical axis. The lower side of one of the swing doors is situated at a higher level than the lower side of the other swing door.

Abstract: The Tangle-Free Vacuum Comb consists of a one row rigid (or semi rigid) comb with a hollow housing, and hollow rigid handle, forming the passage ways of a vacuum attachment head. This is connected to the end of a vacuum hose, and when the vacuum is powered, suction is generated at the edge of the comb, drawing in any loose hair/fur and dander while combing an animal. Offering a quick and efficient animal grooming where loose hair and dandruff is sucked into the vacuum bag or container, which is disposed off neatly. It can be dimensioned to fit the vacuum hoses of standard vacuum cleaners or smaller portable ones.

Abstract: A pet chew comprises one or more nutraceutical agent(s) that includes fish oil. The one or more nutraceutical agent(s) can be formulated to impart a health benefit to a pet. The pet chew can be comprised of rawhide or a hypoallergenic substance. The pet chew can be manufactured by extrusion.

Abstract: Described is a pet gate device for generating a non-tangible electrical pet barrier and for generating a non-tangible electrical pet passageway. The pet gate device includes a signal generating device and a receiver. The signal generating device is adapted to generate at least two different signals, namely a barrier signal and a passageway signal. The signal generating device includes a transmitter for transmitting the generated signals. The receiver is adapted to receive the transmitted signals and to recognize whether the barrier signal or the passageway signal is being generated and transmitted. The receiver is adapted to administer a stimulus to the pet when the receiver recognizes the barrier signal. Conversely, the receiver is adapted to not administer a stimulus to the pet when the receiver recognizes a passageway signal.

Abstract: Apparatus and related methods for assisting and supporting animals by providing a support assembly for assisting in the transport of animals during recovery from surgery or due to old age or other maladies. The support assembly can include a support sling and a strap assembly wherein the support sling wraps about a lower portion of the animal and the strap assembly provides a grip arrangement for a user to lift the support sling, thereby supporting the animal. The support sling can include both a support material and a removable sling diaper. The support sling can be retainably attached around the animal's body even when the support assembly is not in use. The strap assembly can be removably attached to the support sling so as not to bother the animal when the support assembly is not being used by the owner.

Abstract: A fuel-fired water heater has main and pilot burners disposed in its combustion chamber. Illustratively, all of the primary combustion air utilized by the main and pilot burners during firing thereof is supplied thereto via an enclosed path extending to the burners from outside of the combustion chamber. A burner clogging detection system is operative to shut down further combustion, upon sensing a condition of the pilot burner flame indicative of a predetermined degree of pilot burner clogging, prior to the main burner being clogged to an unacceptable degree by particulate matter entrained in incoming combustion air being delivered to the main burner.

Abstract: An article configured to distribute foam insulation between a water tank and an outer shell of a water heater is provided. The article comprises a body portion configured to extend between the water tank and the outer shell of the water heater. The body portion at least partially defines a flow passage for foam insulation. Opposed flap portions extend from an end of the body portion. Means are provided on the flap portions for attaching each of the flap portions to the water tank.

Abstract: An aftercooler thermostat housing for an engine is disclosed. The housing system comprises a housing and a thermostat within the housing. The housing system further includes a bypass system for providing a connection to allow an engine coolant to flow to the aftercooler system if the engine coolant temperature is below a first predetermined temperature. The bypass system allows for the engine coolant to flow through a heat exchanger which is part of the aftercooler system if the temperature of the coolant is above the first predetermined temperature. A low temperature aftercooler (LTA) thermostat housing system achieves the necessary heat rejection for the engine via the heat exchanger and achieves low temperature aftercooling using the heat exchanger.

Abstract: Surface roughnesses of a rear surface 10a of a combustion chamber 10 and an inner wall 11a of a cooling cavity 11 of a piston 1 are equal to or less than 6.3 S (areas a? and b? indicated by chain double-dashed lines). The areas of which surface roughness is equal to or less than 6.3 S are surface-coated with a layer of a self-cleaning catalyst. Accordingly, the oil is less subject to remain on the surface-coated areas, so that oil coking and a decrease in the coefficient of heat transfer can be avoided, thereby preventing an increase in temperature and deterioration in strength of the piston caused by coking. Therefore, the piston 1, 30 for an internal combustion engine which has a simple structure to be compact and to avoid an increase in cost and easily responds to increased engine power without increasing an amount of the cooling oil and the capacity of an oil cooler can be obtained.

Abstract: A dynamically re-configurable multi-stroke internal combustion engine, comprised of programmable computer processor controlled engine components for decoupling the four classic strokes of an internal combustion engine and electronically managing engine cylinder components including such cylinder components as electronically controllable valves, fuel injection and air fuel mixture ignition, allowing additional engine cylinder unit component states and thus cylinder strokes to be independently altered or re-sequenced by computer control to provide alternate engine modes of operation. Some alternate engine modes are facilitated by addition of a compressed air storage reservoir to receive cylinder generated compressed air or transfer compressed air to cylinder units in other modes to increase engine power, efficiency or utility. Sensor input and on-demand requirements drive control logic to manage engine strokes through control of individual cylinder component states.

Abstract: A valve operating apparatus for an internal combustion engine including: a housing (2); a reciprocating piston (1) residing wholly within the housing (2), the reciprocating piston (1) driving one or more poppet valves (7); a first fluid supply path and a first fluid drain path, each path being controllable to supply or drain fluid to/from a first reciprocating piston end (16); a second fluid supply path and a second fluid drain path, each path being controllable to supply or drain fluid to/from a second reciprocating piston end (17); wherein said reciprocating piston (1), in use, is driven between a first position and a second position by controlling said fluid in said supply and drain paths, thereby operating said one or more poppet valves (7), and wherein a connector (9) passes through an aperture (14) in said housing (2) to connect said reciprocating piston (1) to said one or more poppet valves (7), said reciprocating piston (1) in co-operation with an internal wall of the housing forming a seal to prevent

Abstract: An internal combustion engine including a variable valve lift system whereby the engine can operate selectively in either of at least two valve lift modes, as well as a method for controlling valve lift shifting in such an engine are disclosed. The method comprises comparing the fuel supply with a fuel supply threshold value, and at least partly based on the result of the comparison, determining whether a valve lift mode shift should be performed. Preferably, the fuel supply threshold value corresponds to the fuel supply being cut off.

Abstract: There is provided a valve gear (11) with a motor (12), a cam mechanism (14) which converts a rotational motion of the motor (12) into a linear motion of an intake valve (2) by a cam (21), and a motor control apparatus (30) which controls the motor (12) such that an acceleration characteristic during a lift of the intake valve (2) changes in correspondence to a rotation number of an internal combustion engine.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine having a variable valve lift system whereby the engine can operate selectively in either of at least two valve lift modes, and a variable valve timing (VVT) system, as well as a method for controlling valve timing in such an engine are presented. The method comprises providing, in response to a valve lift mode shift, a control pulsing signal for the VVT actuator in order to compensate for the effects of the valve lift on the VVT system.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine comprising a variable valve lift system whereby the engine can operate selectively in either of at least two valve lift modes, and a variable valve timing system, as well as a method for controlling valve lift shifting in such an engine are disclosed. The method comprises controlling the variable valve timing system so as to reduce the difference between two of the valve lift modes regarding the output torque of the engine.

Abstract: A valve control system for an engine having a camshaft with first and second cam profiles, the valve control system comprising a rocker arm assembly including a first rocker arm having a first cam follower in engagement with the first cam profile, and a second rocker arm having a second cam follower in engagement with the second cam profile. The first rocker arm includes a latch member biased toward a latched condition by a fluid pressure in a chamber, and the first rocker arm defines a fluid passage having a first end in open fluid communication with the pressure source, and a second end in open fluid communication with the pressure chamber. An alignment feature cooperates with the latch member to ensure proper alignment with a latch surface.

Abstract: A valve actuating link is provided for transmitting a combined movement of a drive cam on a cam shaft and a control cam on a control shaft to a valve pressing structure of an engine valve. The valve actuating link comprises a bearing portion that bears the control shaft, a hook-shaped lower portion that surrounds the cam shaft keeping a given space therebetween and a cam portion that repeatedly pushes the valve pressing structure to induce an open/close operation of the engine valve. Each of a plurality of engine valves has its own respective drive cam, control cam, valve actuating link and valve pressing structure.

Abstract: In an oil chamber sealing unit of a swing-wing camshaft adjuster of an internal combustion engine, comprising a seal member with an outer sealing surface and with an inner cavity partly surrounded by a wall, and also a separate spring element which is arranged partially in the inner cavity so as to project beyond the wall opposite the sealing surface thereof, the spring element is held in the seal body by means of a holding element extending from the seal member which consists of a deformable metal sheet.

Abstract: First and second attachment portions 6, 8 are formed integrally with a main body 4 and extend along the longitudinal direction of the main body 4. A hydraulic oil supply portion 14 is formed integrally with the main body 4 and extends along the width, or in the direction perpendicular to the axes of the attachment portions 6, 8. In this manner, providing an internal combustion engine with variable valve actuation mechanisms increases the strength of the cylinder head cover 102, while reducing the weight thereof.