Abstract: The present invention is directed to a blood aspiration system that is configured to enable various types of aspiration through a working lumen of a catheter. The blood aspiration system facilitates natural aspiration by providing a circuit between a patient's arterial and venous vasculature, and also comprises a manually actuated pump configured to selectively vary rates of aspiration in the working lumen. The blood aspiration system further comprises an external port that allows suction-assisted aspiration or infusion through the working lumen, and further comprises a detachable filter that removes emboli prior to reperfusing blood into a patient's venous vasculature.

Abstract: A multilumen vascular catheter (1) having a flexible catheter tube (16) with a distal end-portion (12) which is terminated by a guide-wire opening (26). The catheter tube (16) has a first lumen (18) for extraction of fluid from the vessel (1) and a second lumen (20) for introducing fluid to the blood vessel (14). One or more suction openings (22) communicate with the first lumen (18) and are located upstream of one or more outlet openings (24), which in turn communicate with the second lumen (20). The distal end-portion (12) is permanently bulbous and has a first, widening section (A) starting distally from the catheter tube (16) with a gradually increasing external cross-section to a shoulder (30) with a maximum external diameter into a second, narrowing section (B) having a gradually decreasing external cross-section distally.

Abstract: A portable, hands-free and user friendly breast pump for facilitating breast-feeding, incorporates a dome-shaped housing having a servomotor mechanism; a hat-shaped flange having a chamber portion, a brim portion and an outlet, the chamber portion being formed so as to be placed over a nipple on a breast so as to define a chamber between the flange and the breast, and the brim portion being formed to surround the nipple and thereby form a suction seal therebetween; and a one-way venting element formed to operatively communicate with the chamber so as to vent pumped milk from the chamber via the outlet. The housing, the flange and the venting element are connected into an integral device held against the breast and underneath clothing so as to keep the integral device hidden. Breast milk is collected via a plastic collection bag that connects directly with the pump underneath clothing such that the milk is isolated from any contaminants in the air and may be easily stored immediately after being collected.

Abstract: A medical line securement device holds a medical article such as a connector fitting for a catheter or a catheter adaptor in position upon the body of a patient and inhibits axial motion of the medical article. The securement device includes a retainer with a base and a cover. The cover is hinged to the base such that it may be moved between an open and closed position. The base and cover each have a groove which cooperate when the cover is in the closed position to form a channel through the retainer. The medical article includes an elongated body which is received within the groove of the retainer, the elongated body lying between at least a pair of regions of larger radius of the medical article. By receiving the portion of the elongated body of the medical article between the regions of larger radius, axial motion of the medical article through the groove is inhibited. The retainer may also include one or more slots to receive any radial projections of the medical article within the retainer.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to the design and use of implantable medical devices, and in particular to the design and use of an implantable device for establishing long-term access to a patient's blood circulation for extra corporeal treatment of blood, such as hemodialysis, hemofiltration, oxygenation of blood and other. A vascular access device is provided having a rotatable inner core positioned within a device body between first and second positions for diverting blood flow to an extra corporeal blood circuit.

Abstract: The present invention is a safety shield assembly having a shield and a collar for connecting the shield to a fluid handling device whereby the shield may be pivoted with respect to the collar. Preferably, the safety shield assembly may be used with a needle assembly, an intravenous infusion set a syringe, a catheter or other fluid handling devices or assemblies that contain piercing elements.

Abstract: A syringe holder is designed to be thrown away after a single use with the syringe safely captive within. The holder has a barrel (5) into whose rear end a syringe (1) is entered until the rear flange (2) of the syringe seats in a socket (15) . Then a gate (16) is hinged in a radial plane through a slot (14) in a thick flange (12) surrounding the socket (15) and snap fastens in a position obstructing rearward movement of the syringe (1) . The syringe needle (3) projects forwardly of the barrel and is shrouded by a sleeve (7) captive to the barrel and urged forwards by a spring (6).

Abstract: The collecting bag has a bag member formed by a first and a second film blank, and a discharge portion that is foldable and unfoldable to bring the discharge portion from an open unfolded condition to a closed folded condition and vice versa. A first plate member is positioned on the first film blank and a second plate member is positioned on an extension of the second film blank Each plate member is formed from a relatively stiff material, and the distance between the distal edge of the first plate member and the proximal edge of the second plate member is smaller than the thickness of the first plate member. When folding the discharge portion, the distal edge of the first plate member acts as a pivot, and a stretching effect is created on the second film blank to effectively seal the discharge opening without deformation of the plate members.

Abstract: The invention relates to an absorbent, disposable article, preferably a diaper, having a backsheet and a topsheet comprising a first waist region, a second waist region, and a crotch region interposed there between, a longitudinal axis, and an opening, which provides a passageway to a primary void space for receiving bodily exudates therein, positioned between the topsheet and the backsheet; whereby the opening is positioned in at least the crotch region along the longitudinal axis; whereby the topsheet is elasticated; and whereby the article has a shortened article portion, as defined herein, which has a shortened article length L, a stretched shortened article length Ls and a contacted shortened article length Lc, whereby the article and/or its topsheet has an specific elastic profile and/or a specific ratio of Lc to Ls.

Abstract: The invention relates to the field of connectors for connecting a container with a fluid preparation device for preparing a fluid, in particular a container with a concentrate for the preparation of dialysis fluid. In order to simplify the handling during both the manufacturing process of such containers and the connection of such containers to the fluid preparation devices, the invention proposes a design of a connector (1) for connecting a first and second fluid line of the container with a third and fourth fluid line of the fluid preparation device with two lateraly spaced-apart mounting means (2, 4) which each incorporate one of two orifices (3, 5) terminating the first and second fluid lines. The invention also concerns a corresponding container and fluid preparation device.

Abstract: A catheter constituted of a single-pipe tube, and provided with a tip end portion (10) implanted in an abdominal cavity and a projection portion (12) projecting outward from the outer wall of the abdomen. A pair of cuffs (16, 18) are attached to the projection portion (12) and a reinforcing tube (14). Side holes (20) are drilled in the tip end portion (10), and each side hole is allowed to communicate with each other along the axial direction of the single-pipe tube by means of a groove (22) formed on the outer peripheral surface of the single-pipe tube.

Abstract: Methods for performing coagulation necrosis of biological tissue are provided. The methods include configuring electrode arrays to provide balanced energy density in target tissue volumes using two or more pair of electrodes. The electrode array configuration includes at least one of irregular spacing between one or more pairs of electrodes and one or more electrode diameters. The methods further include deploying each electrode of an array at a selected depth in the target tissue volume in accordance with the configuration. Energy is then delivered to the target tissue volume using power sources coupled to the electrodes. The methods control power delivery in response to at least one of elapsed time of delivery, temperatures of the target tissue volume, and impedance levels in the target tissue volume to provide balanced or uniform energy throughout the target tissue volume. The methods generate planes of coagulated tissue.

Abstract: An electrosurgical electrode assembly and method utilizing the same are disclosed capable of controlling or limiting the current per arc in real-time during an electrosurgical procedure. The conductive electrosurgical electrode is configured for being connected to an electrosurgical generator system and has a non-conductive, porous ceramic coating that “pinches” or splits the arc current generated by the electrosurgical generator system into the smaller diameter pores of the coating, effectively keeping the same current and voltage, but creating several smaller diameter arcs from one larger diameter arc. This has the effect of separating the arc current, effectively increasing the current frequency, resulting in a finer cut or other surgical effect. That is, the non-conductive, porous ceramic coating enables a low frequency current to achieve surgical results indicative of a high frequency current, while minimizing or preventing thermal damage to adjacent tissue.

Abstract: A method for producing hemostasis of an artery of a patient having a puncture following arterial catheterization including introducing a hemostasis device including at least one electrode into the vicinity of the puncture, supplying an electric current to the at least one electrode, thereby heating blood in the vicinity of the puncture and causing coagulation of the blood and subsequently removing the hemostasis device from the patient.

Abstract: A surgical device for ultrasonic ablation and RF cauterization includes a forceps member having at least one prong, the prong being formed as an electrode. At least one electrical connector is provided on the forceps member for operatively connecting the prong to an electrical power source. The surgical device further includes a mechanical connector attached to the forceps member for removably fastening the forceps member to a housing of an ultrasonic probe. The forceps member can thus function to carry out a cauterization procedure during a surgical operation utilizing the probe for ultrasonic ablation.

Abstract: An element with a shank (1) and a holding element (2; 21; 21?) connected to it for connecting to a rod (100) is provided, wherein the holding element (2; 21; 21?) has a recess having a U-shaped cross-section for receiving the rod with two legs (4, 5; 26, 27) open at one end (6, 28) and an inner thread (7; 29) on the open legs and with a locking element (8; 80) with an outer thread (9) in at least one section of its outer wall, wherein the outer thread (9) cooperates with the inner thread (7; 29) of the legs and wherein the locking element has a central bore, characterised in that the locking element (8, 80) has a slit (14) extending substantially in the axial direction through its outer wall.

Abstract: A facet fusion system comprises a trochar and a retractor arranged and configured for use during percutaneous retraction. A facet bur is adapted for decorticating the facet joint. The trochar, retractor and facet bur are implemented to prepare the facet joint for fusion. The facet bur comprises a head and a shaft. The head has a planar and an extension extending from the planar. The shaft extends from the planar of the head and extends from the planar in a direction opposing the extension of the head. The shaft is also adapted releasably to engage a power source for rotation. The extension is arranged and configured to engage a facet joint to taper the facet joint. The planar is arranged and configured to engage and plane a posterior surface of the facet.

Abstract: Oral phototherapy applicators are disclosed that are sized and shaped so as to fit at least partially in a user's mouth with a plurality of bristles of elongate shape coupled to an apparatus body. The Applicators can be adapted to brush the user's teeth and further include at least one radiation emitter coupled to the body to provide phototherapeutic radiation to a portion of the oral cavity other than tissue in contact with the bristles. In one embodiment, the phototherapy emitter irradiates both a region of tissue in contact with the bristles and a portion of the oral cavity that is not in contact with the apparatus. For example, the apparatus can include at least one emitter that irradiates tooth tissue in contact with the bristles and gum tissue surrounding the tooth tissue.

Abstract: A ligating apparatus includes an introducing tube which can be inserted in a living body cavity, a manipulating wire inserted in the introducing tube in such a manner that the manipulating wire can freely advance or retreat, a clip which is directly joined to a tip end of the manipulating wire, which has a holding portion formed in a tip end of an arm portion extending from the base end, and which has an extending/opening property, and engaging structure disposed in at least one of the base end of the clip and the tip end of the manipulating wire, wherein at least one of the engaging means is deformed and releases engaging of the clip and the manipulating wire, when the clip engages with the tip end of the introducing tube, and a force for detaching the base end of the clip from the tip end of the manipulating wire is applied.

Abstract: A clip applier includes a flexible coil with a manual actuator coupled to one end and a jaw assembly coupled to the other end. A store of clips is adjacent to the jaw assembly and a clip pusher is adjacent to the store of clips. The actuator includes a lever for opening and closing the jaws, a knob for rotating the jaw assembly, and a crank for dispensing clips. The knob and the lever are coupled to a single control member which extends through the coil to a joiner where it is joined to a pair of pull wires coupled to the jaws. The crank is coupled to a second control member which is threaded along a portion. The threaded portion engages a threaded member coupled to the pusher such that rotation of the threaded control member by the crank causes the pusher to be moved distally.

Abstract: A surgical instrument for creating an anastomosis includes a housing, a handle extending from the housing and a fastener support member extending distally from the housing. The fastener support member is configured and dimensioned to releasably support a plurality of surgical fasteners. The instrument further includes a tissue retaining mechanism which is selectively movable from a first position relative to the fastener support member to a second position in closer proximity with the fastener support member such that tissue disposed adjacent to the fastener support member is retained thereagainst. Upon actuation of the handle, a fastener firing mechanism simultaneously deforms the plurality of surgical fasteners to complete the anastomosis.

Abstract: A method for performing anastomosis between a graft vessel and a target vessel with an integrated anastomosis tool may include actuating at least one control on the integrated anastomosis tool to create an opening in the target vessel and complete an anastomosis with the target vessel. Another method for performing anastomosis may include creating an opening in intact tissue of the target vessel with an integrated anastomosis tool; and deploying an anastomosis device with the integrated anastomosis tool. The anastomosis may be performed with an anastomosis device, such as an anastomosis device having a deployable section detachable from a discard section.

Abstract: A system for cutting the cornea of an eye includes a moveable member with a cutting blade at one end, a pivot element disposed thereon, a cutting guide restraint disposed thereon, a mechanism for oscillating the moveable member around the pivot element, and a cutting guide configured to engage the cutting guide restraint on the moveable member to thereby limit the degree of angular movement of the cutting blade as the moveable member oscillates about the pivot element. A pocket can be cut in the cornea by advancing and oscillating the moveable member.

Abstract: Blood removal system for removing blood for diagnostic purposes including a housing, a lancet guide, and a lancet drive with a drive spring. The lancet drive comprises a cocking device, in order to tension the drive spring, a drive rotor that is driven by the drive spring, and an output-side coupling mechanism, by means of which the rotational movement of the drive rotor is converted into the puncturing movement.

Abstract: An intragastric catheter provides a method of inducing satiety due to its presence in the stomach cavity. Efficacy is improved by the tactile sensation provided by a plurality of fingers that extend from the device. Normal peristaltic action upon the device moves the fingers relative to the stomach. The structure of the intragastric catheter reduces the level of precision required in placement of the device, and blockage of conduits to and from the stomach by the device is unlikely.

Abstract: A cannula (10) receives surgical instruments (120) for performing a surgical procedure on a body (130). The cannula (10) comprises a tube structure (12) defining a passage (16) through which the surgical instruments (120) are inserted into the body (130). The tube structure (12) has a proximal end (20) and a distal end (62). The tube structure (12) includes an expandable portion (40) for enabling an increase in the cross-sectional area of the passage (16) at the distal end (62). The expandable portion (40) of the tube structure (12), when expanded, has a conical configuration.

Abstract: Non-permanent occlusion of the uterine arteries is sufficient to cause the demise of uterine myomata without unnecessarily exposing other tissues and anatomical structures to hypoxia attendant to prior permanent occlusion techniques. A therapeutically effective transient time of occlusion of a uterine artery to treat uterine fibroid tumors is from 1 hours to 24 hours, and preferably is at least about 4 hours. A therapeutically effective temporary time of occlusion of a uterine artery to treat uterine fibroid tumors is from 1 day (24 hours) to 7 days (168 hours), and preferably is about 4 days (96 hours). By invaginating the tissues of the vaginal wall up to or around a uterine artery, collapse of the uterine artery can be achieved without penetrating tissue of the patient.

Abstract: A stent for occluding the human ductus arteriosus comprises a length of wire of shape memory effect or superelastic material which is expandable from a relatively straightened state for introduction into the patient to an occluding state wherein the wire defines an occluding anchor part and a spiral anchor part and a straight linking part connecting the two wherein the wire has a series of turns extending over the cross-sectional area of the occluding anchor part.

Abstract: Oral phototherapy applicators are disclosed that are sized and shaped so as to fit at least partially in a user's mouth and have at least one radiation emitting element coupled to an apparatus body to irradiate a portion of the oral cavity with phototherapeutic radiation along multiple directions. In one aspect, the apparatus is configured to direct radiation to at least one portion of the oral cavity, such as the teeth, cheeks, tongue, palate, throat, lymphatic tissue, blood, glands, follicles, collagen, pigmentation or facial tissue, generally. The apparatus can further include bristles to provide a phototherapeutic toothbrush. Alternatively, the apparatus body can be adapted for placement in a fixed position relative to the oral cavity during phototherapy.

Abstract: The invention is directed to an implantable device, such as a stent, for delivering a therapeutic substance. The device includes a reservoir containing a therapeutic substance and an energy converter to cause the release of the substance.

Abstract: A stent comprises a plurality of connected serpentine circumferential bands. Adjacent serpentine circumferential bands are connected via a plurality of longitudinal connectors extending between peaks on one serpentine circumferential band and troughs on the serpentine circumferential band adjacent thereto. The struts of the serpentine bands are arranged such that on expansion of the stent, peaks and troughs which are substantially circumferentially aligned with one another, but not connected with one another, on adjacent serpentine circumferential bands are circumferentially displaced from one another.

Abstract: A stent-graft having an exo-skeleton attached to a tubular graft, the tubular graft having a peripheral wall defining a lumen therein extending between first and second ends. One or more support elements, defining the exo-skeleton, are attached to the tubular graft, each support element extending generally peripherally around the tubular graft, each support element including generally axial segments and generally peripheral segments. A plurality of first fasteners attach the plurality of support elements to the wall of the tubular graft, at least one generally axial segment being slidably engaged by each first fastener. A plurality of second fasteners also attach the plurality of support elements to the wall of the tubular graft, each second fastener substantially anchoring a generally peripheral segment of the respective support element to the wall of the tubular graft.

Abstract: Methods of preparing intravascular stents with a polymeric coating containing macrocyclic lactone (such as rapamycin or its analogs), stents and stent graphs with such coatings, and methods of treating a coronary artery with such devices. The macrocyclic lactone-based polymeric coating facilitates the performance of such devices in inhibiting restenosis.

Abstract: The invention relates to an injector device for injecting an intraocular implant into the eye of a patient, which device comprises a folding chamber for folding the optical portion of the implant, a folding member, a hollow needle for injecting the folded implant into the eye, said hollow needle opening out at a first end of said chamber, a guide channel opening out at the second end of said chamber, and a moving piston mounted in said guide channel so as to push said folded implant into said hollow needle.

Abstract: A two-optic accommodative lens system. The first lens has a negative power and is located posteriorly within the capsular bag and laying against the posterior capsule. The periphery of the first lens contains a pair of generally T-shaped haptics oriented along a vertical meridian of the capsular bag and having a generally rectangular slot within the top portion of the “T”. The first lens further having a plurality of elongated haptics oriented along a horizontal meridian of the capsular bag. The second lens is located anteriorly to the first lens outside of the capsular bag and is of a positive power. The peripheral edge of the second lens contains a pair of encircling haptics having a notched tab sized and shape to fit within the slots in the haptics on the first lens to lock the second lens onto the first lens. Hinge structures on the encircling haptics allow the second lens to move relative to the first lens along the optical axis of the lens system in reaction to movement of the ciliary muscle.

Abstract: Systems and methods for repairing annulus defects include at least one blocking member positionable in or adjacent to the annulus defect, at least one attachment portion for securing the blocking member to adjacent tissue, and instruments for placing and engaging the blocking member in and/or adjacent to the annulus defect. The blocking member extends at least partially across the annulus defect for repair of the defect and/or retention of nucleus material, one or more implants, bio-compatible materials or device, and/or other objects positioned in the disc space.

Abstract: An artificial disc having a pair of opposing baseplates, for seating against opposing vertebral bone surfaces, separated by a ball and socket joint that includes a solid ball mounted to protrude from one of the baseplates. The ball is captured within a curvate socket formed in a peak of a convex structure integral with the other of the baseplates. The socket is formed by opposing curvate pockets, one on the convex structure and one on a retaining cap that is secured to the other of the baseplates. The ball rotates and angulates in the socket. The ball and socket joint therefore permits the baseplates to rotate and angulate relative to one another.

Abstract: Instrumentation for implanting an artificial intervertebral disc includes static trials and a dynamic trial for determining the appropriate size of disc to be implanted, static trial holders for manipulating the static trials, inserter/impactors for inserting and removing the static trials and for inserting the artificial intervertebral discs, repositioners/extractors for repositioning and extracting the static trials or the artificial intervertebral discs, and a leveler for setting the proper position of the artificial intervertebral disc. Methods for using the same are also disclosed. Features for artificial intervertebral discs and intervertebral spacer devices useful for manipulation by the instrumentation are also disclosed.

Abstract: An intervertebral implant for fusing vertebrae is disclosed. The implant has a body with curved, substantially parallel posterior and anterior faces separated by, two narrow implant ends, superior and inferior faces having a plurality of undulating surfaces for contacting vertebral endplates, and at least one depression in the anterior or posterior face for engagement by an insertion tool, at least two vertical through-channels extending through the implant, a chamfer on the superior and inferior surfaces at one of the narrow implant ends, and a beveled edge along a perimeter of the superior and inferior faces. The implant configuration facilitates transforaminal insertion of the implant into a symmetric position about the midline of the spine so that a single implant provides balanced support to the spinal column. The implant may be formed of a plurality of interconnecting bodies forming a single unit. An implantation kit and method are also disclosed.

Abstract: Prosthesis set (1) for persons with amputated limbs/stumps (10) where the prosthesis set consists of an anchoring part (2) arranged internally in a remaining marrow bone (11) and an external prosthesis (7). The anchoring part (2) has a bolt-like design with a stem (3) and an expanded head (4) in one end, wherein the stem (3) can be inserted and anchored in the remaining marrow bone (11). The expanded head (4) forms a subcutaneous termination of the marrow bone (11) and a local expansion (12) at the end (10) of the amputated limb. The external prosthesis (7) has an internal design (8) adapted to the local expansion.

Abstract: The invention relates to a composition for the oxidation dyeing of keratin fibres, in particular of human keratin fibres and more particularly the hair, containing, in a medium that is suitable for dyeing, at least one oxidation dye, wherein it also contains at least one polyoxyalkylenated carboxylic acid ether or a salt thereof, at least one associative polymer and at least one fatty alcohol (C8–C30) comprising at least one unsaturation. The invention also relates to the dyeing devices and processes using the said composition.

Abstract: Process of coloring porous material, which comprises a) applying to the material being colored at least one capped diazonium compound, and b) then causing the capped diazonium compound present on the material to react with the material.

Abstract: A hydrogen generation system may include a burner unit that generates combustion gas and a combustion gas passage through which the combustion gas generated by the burner unit flows. A reformer, having a reforming catalyst, generates a reformed gas containing hydrogen by steam reforming a feed material and steam using the heat from the combustion gas. An evaporator evaporates water into steam using the heat from the combustion gas, flowing through the combustion gas passage, and supplies the steam to the reformer. The combustion gas passage is arranged to cover at least a portion of an outer surface of the reformer, and the evaporator is arranged to cover at least a portion of an outer surface of the combustion gas passage.

Abstract: A planarizing slurry for mechanical and/or chemical-mechanical polishing of microfeature workpieces. In one embodiment, the planarizing slurry comprises a liquid solution and a plurality of abrasive elements mixed in the liquid solution. The abrasive elements comprise a matrix material having a first hardness and a plurality of abrasive particles at least partially surrounded by the matrix material. The abrasive particles can have a second hardness independent of the first hardness of the matrix material. The second hardness, for example, can be greater than the first hardness. The matrix material can be formed into a core having an exterior surface and an interior. Because the abrasive particles are at least partially surrounded by the matrix material, the abrasive particles are at least partially embedded into the interior of the core.

Abstract: A filter assembly is disclosed for use in connection with the filtration of products transported via pipelines, including high pressure gas pipelines. The disclosed filter assembly is comprised of a plurality of filter modules, a series of valves, inlet and outlet ports, connective piping, and spool pieces. The filter assembly will temporarily redirect flow from the pipeline, through one or more filter assemblies, and back into the original pipeline a short distance downstream from the original takeout point. If flanged connections are not readily available for a particular section of pipeline, the filter assembly can be connected to virtually any section of pipe through “hot tapping” technology, which allows a valve to be placed on an active and pressurized section of pipeline.

Abstract: A composition is described which is useful in improving the adhesion of siccative organic coatings to metal surfaces. The composition generally comprises a liquid carrier, a borate composition which is the reaction product of at least one amino alcohol with boric acid or an analogue of boric acid, and, at least one organic carboxylic acid.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to a dye-based inkjet ink set that includes a red disperse dye and, more particularly, to a dye-based inkjet ink set suitable for printing on polyester and polyester blends fabrics. The present invention also pertains to a method for printing polyester and polyester blends fabrics with the dye-based inkjet ink set, and a polyester and polyester blends fabrics so printed.

Abstract: The present invention provides magenta dyestuff represented by the formula (1): (symbols are as defined in the present description), with hue and vividness suitable to ink-jet recording, excellent fastness to light, gas, water and so on in records and an ink composition using said dyestuff.

Abstract: The present invention describes methods for preparing aqueous colored pigment dispersions comprising the step of combining, in any order, a) a colored pigment, b) an azo coupler, c) an aromatic amine, d) a diazotizing agent, and e) an aqueous medium, wherein the aromatic amine comprises as least one ionic group, at least one ionizable group, or a mixture of at least one ionic group and at least one ionizable group. These colored pigment dispersions are particularly useful as an inkjet ink composition. Also disclosed are inkjet ink compositions comprising a) a liquid vehicle, b) a colored pigment, and c) a dispersant having the formula: D-N?N-AC, wherein AC is an azo coupling component and D is a diazo component comprising at least one ionic group, at least one ionizable group, or a mixture of at least one ionic group or ionizable group.

Abstract: A cleaning method cleans silicon for semiconductor materials using pure water treated by a reverse osmosis treatment and by ion exchange treatment and reduces the aluminum and iron remaining on the silicon surface.