Abstract: The quickly erectable canopy shelters include a plurality of legs connected together by an extendible perimeter assembly of link members. The roof structure is formed by a pole members pivotally mounted to the upper ends of the legs so as to extend across the shelter, and movable between a lowered position and a raised, upwardly arching position. The pole members are pivotally coupled to a central hub, and each of the pole members is formed of pole sections hinged to permit downward folding and upward unfolding until they are fully extended. Corner support strut members are pivotally mounted to the extendible perimeter assembly of link members adjacent to the legs, to support the pole members. The outer ends of the pole members are pivotally connected to the upper ends of the legs by pivoting link members that pivot between a lowered position and a raised position extending above the legs when the shelter is extended.

Abstract: The lightweight erectable canopy shelters include a plurality of legs connected together by an extendible perimeter assembly of link members. In one embodiment, the roof structure is formed by a pole members pivotally mounted to the upper ends of the legs so as to extend across the shelter, and movable between a lowered position and a raised, upwardly arching position. The pole members are pivotally coupled to a central hub, and each of the pole members comprises pole sections hinged to permit downward folding and upward unfolding until they are fully extended. Corner support strut members are pivotally mounted to the legs, to be rotatable upwardly to engage and support the pole members.

Abstract: A system for producing electrical power a thermoelectric generator including a thermopile, a hot junction, and a cold junction. A high temperature source may be thermally coupled to the hot junction wherein the high temperature source includes heat from within the earth's surface. A low temperature source may be thermally coupled to the cold junction wherein the low temperature source comprises cold water from a body of water. The thermopile generates electricity from a temperature gradient between the hot junction and the cold junction.

Abstract: A photovoltaic cell and devices using the photovoltaic cell are provided. In certain examples, the photovoltaic cell may include a first material disposed on a first electrode and effective to generate an exciton upon absorption of electromagnetic energy. In some examples, the photovoltaic cell may also include a second material electrically coupled to the first electrode and separated from the first material, the second material effective to receive the generated exciton from the first material. In other examples, the photovoltaic cell may also include a second electrode electrically coupled to the second material and electrically coupled to the first electrode. Solar panels and power systems using the photovoltaic cell are also disclosed.

Abstract: A photoelectromotive force apparatus according to the prevent invention includes a solar cell in which a p-type semiconductor layer and an n-type semiconductor layer are stacked as photoelectromotive force layers between a pair of electrodes that are disposed to oppose each other, wherein The pn-junction between the p-type semiconductor layer and the n-type semiconductor layer has an end side in the photoreceptive surface, and is tilted relative to the photoreceptive surface.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an electrode that includes a catalytic layer formed on a substrate coated with a conductive material, wherein the catalytic layer includes vertically aligned carbon nanotubes. A method of manufacturing the electrode and a solar cell comprising the electrode are also described. The electrode has increased surface roughness and a shortened charge transport pathway and, therefore, reduced charge transport resistance. Thus, when the electrode is used in a solar cell, it can improve the efficiency of the solar cell.

Abstract: A solar cell includes first and second electrodes facing each other, a light absorption layer formed on the first electrode, and a lead electrode formed on the first electrode in a first direction such that the lead electrode is spaced apart from the light absorption layer. When the length of a first edge of the light absorption layer proceeding in the first direction is indicated by A and the length of a second edge of the light absorption layer proceeding in a second direction crossing the first direction is indicated by B, the value of A/B satisfies the following condition: 1.3?A/B?125.

Abstract: A meter proving method and system. At lease some of the illustrative embodiments are methods comprising establishing a prover time by a prover device, measuring a flow rate of a fluid with a flow meter that uses multiple measurements taken over a period of time to produce each individual flow rate value (the flow meter electrically coupled to the prover device), and generating a meter volume over the prover time based on the flow rate. The generating the meter volume based on the flow rate does not involve: generating a pulse train output signal by the flow meter; and generating the meter volume based on an attribute of the pulse train.

Abstract: A valve assembly including a sleeve molded from a polymer and a spool molded from a polymer and slidably received within the sleeve.

Abstract: There is disclosed a device for purging filth from an engine. The device includes a closing element for closing a tank. The closing element defines a first channel through which a purging agent goes to the engine from the tank and a second channel through which pressurized air goes to the tank from a source. A single-channel joint defines a channel in communication with the second channel of the closing element. A pressure regulation set is in communication with the channel of the single-channel joint. A bi-channel joint defines a first channel in communication with the pressure regulation set and a second channel in communication with the first channel perpendicularly. A release valve is in communication with the second channel of the bi-channel joint. A check valve is installed in the first channel of the bi-channel joint.

Abstract: An improved method and apparatus to prevent clogging of condensate drain lines with a biocide delivery system that prevents the growth of bioorganic growth in the liquid trap using time release biocide tablets or liquid biocide. When using solid biocide tablets erosion and dissolution of the tables is reduced. When using liquid biocides, combination of initial release followed by gradual release of residual liquid biocide in the drain water is attainable. Drain line are promoted from clogging while being installed anywhere on the drain line upstream of the liquid trap. The apparatus can also be incorporated with a liquid trap, allowing placement anywhere in the drain line.

Abstract: A heat dissipating apparatus for cylinders of injection molding machines is disclosed. The heat dissipating apparatus includes a piston having a valve pin locking hole installed in a cylinder. A valve pin is coupled to the pin locking hole of the piston, with a piston bushing fitted around the upper end of the valve pin, a slide ring fitted around the valve pin at a position above the piston bushing, and a locking ring mounted to the pin locking hole at a position below the piston bushing. An outside guide bushing is installed between a cylinder housing and a manifold, with both a protrusion and a groove formed on the lower surface of the outside guide bushing. An inside guide bushing is installed in the outside guide bushing and inserted into a locking hole of the cylinder housing.

Abstract: A motorized valve has a hollow case having an input and output tubes, a saddle connected with the hollow case, a turn plug cooperating with the saddle, and a piezoelectric drive to turn the turn plug, the piezoelectric drive including a piezoelectric generator of radially directed standing acoustic waves, which is connected with the hollow case and is connectable with a pulse current source, and a rotor operatively connected with the piezoelectric generator and kinematically connected with the turn plug so as to turn the turn plug when the rotor is actuated by the piezoelectric generator.

Abstract: A faucet assembly is provided having a cylindrical body with a base, a rotatable top, a housing and hot and cold tubes entering the housing. Two plates are positioned in the housing, a stationery plate and a top rotatable plates, the stationery plate having one aperture for cold water, a second aperture for hot water and a third aperture for flow of the water mixture from the housing through a discharge tube connected to the housing. A plastic figurine mounted on top of the cylindrical housing is operatively associated with the rotatable plate to partially or completely open the apertures and control the amounts, and hence, the temperature of the water. Functional parts of the assembly are uniquely formed by integrally molding a plastic onto the metal parts thus also enhancing the appearance of the assembly.

Abstract: Disclosed is a mixing faucet assembly (1), which comprises: a mixing valve unit (8) having at least two valve inlet ports (32b), a operating rod (24) and a valve outlet port (28); a faucet body (2) having at least two water-feed passages (2b), and a valve unit-receiving recess (2a) containing the mixing valve unit in such a manner as to receive mixture of hot and cold water discharged from the valve outlet port; a spout portion (6) formed to extend from an upper end of the faucet body in an approximately horizontal direction and have a spout-portion water passage (6a) for receiving the mixture discharged from the valve unit-receiving recess, and a spout port (4); and a load-supporting portion (2d) formed to protrude inwardly toward the inside of the valve unit-receiving recess in such a manner as to come into contact with an upper region of a lateral surface of the mixing valve unit on at least one side corresponding to a location of the spout portion to support the mixing valve unit.

Abstract: Valves are provided for interconnecting a fluid source to two separate collection zones. The valves include a valve body having an inlet port communicating with the source and two outlet ports, each communicating with one of the collection zones. A valve element received within the valve body selectively establishes fluid communication between the inlet port and an outlet port. In a first position, the inlet port is in fluid communication with one of the outlet ports and the associated collection zone. The valve element is rotated to a second position within the valve body to establish fluid communication between the inlet port and the other outlet port, thereby halting flow through the first outlet port and allowing fluid communication with the other collection zone. A safety feature prevents rotation of the valve element beyond the second position or reverse rotation from the second position to the first position.

Abstract: A spout plumbing device includes a spout having an externally threaded water inlet on the bottom for engaging sequentially with a hexagonal nut, an expansion tube and a swivel cap which has a hexagonal central bore in upper portion engaged with the hexagonal nut, a less diameter circular central bore in lower portion engaged with the expansion tube which has a flange on the top stopped against an annular shoulder inside the swivel cap, an elastic sleeve sleeved on the lower portion of the expansion tube and engaged within a through hole of a worktop, a washer position between the swivel cap and the worktop when the swivel cap engages with the worktop and a water source connected to the lower end of the water inlet. It is characterized that this plumbing job is all worked on the top of the worktop and does not need to work in the narrow and dirty space under the worktop.

Abstract: By use of the vias a microfluidic autoregulator is fabricated comprising an origin of a fluid, a sink for the fluid, a main flow channel coupling the origin and the sink, a valve communicated to the main flow channel to selectively control flow of fluid therethrough, and means dependent on flow through the main flow channel for creating a pressure differential across the valve to at least partially activate the valve to control flow of fluid through the main flow channel. The means for dependent on flow for creating a pressure differential comprises either a dead-end detour channel from the flow channel to the valve, or a loop channel fed back to the control chamber of the valve.

Abstract: A co-extruded tubing for the administration of intravenous fluids has an outer layer of a polyester. An inner fluid-contact layer may be of a polyethylene or of a thermoplastic polyurethane. Where the inner fluid-contact layer is of polyethylene, an intermediate tie layer of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer may be included to prevent delamination.

Abstract: A flexible pipe for transporting a fluid in a marine environment. The pipe comprises a liner for confining the fluid, an armouring layer surrounding the liner, and an outer protective sheath surrounding the armouring layer and allowing radial expansion and contraction of the armouring layers. The outer protective sheath comprises at least two protective layers of helically wound composite wires with essentially opposite winding angles and locally held together, providing a relatively flexible yet fixed structure of the outer sheath. The outer sheath is held together in an array of discrete spots or along linear or curved paths. Flexibility is maintained because the stiffness in shear in the wires of adjacent protective layers may be made much larger in areas being locally held together than outside these areas. This allows a change of angles between the wires of two adjacent layers of the outer protective sheath during elongation or shortening of the pipe.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a woven fabric structure including at least one array of warp yarns interwoven with at east one array of substantially orthogonally extending weft yarns, wherein each end of a warp yarn is extended beyond the last weft to form either a binder or a seam loop which can be interdigitated with similar seam loops of the opposing fabric end and joined by at least one pintle wire passed through a tunnel formed by the interdigitated seam loops. The inventive woven fabric structure is characterized in that the seam loops and the binders of the warp yarns possess a ratio above 1:1 and below 4:1.

Abstract: Safety control system with electronic data acquisition for the inline regulation of the max. permissible pressure during refueling of the aircraft. With this procedure the driving speed of the feed pump is regulated to so that no higher refueling pressure than 35 respectively 50 PSI can develop. The diesel engines were equipped already some years ago with an interface for an external control of number of revolutions. www.manted.de The received messages for the control modules are given binarily with parameters. In case of leakages within the pressure range or deviations from the differential pressure the refueling of the aircraft is interrupted automatically. The inline regulation examines itself independently by the audible change of the number of revolutions of the engine during each aircraft refueling. If one single person does the refueling of the aircraft the automatic control is of significant importance.

Abstract: The present invention provides a new and unique portable, self-contained, fluid system. The portable, self-contained, fluid changing system may be used as a fluid changing device for changing a fluid such as oil or another suitable fluid in a container of a boat, recreational vehicle (RV), automobile or other suitable military, agricultural or industrial device. Alternatively, portable, self-contained, fluid system may also be used for providing fluid such as water or other suitable fluid for cleaning or showering. Moreover, the portable, self-contained, fluid system may also have a reversible electric pump that may be adapted or switched for pumping in either direction once the pump is affixed on the reservoir so the system may be sold and marketed for use in a fluid changing type of device or in a water providing or cleaning type of device consistent with that described above.

Abstract: A dispenser assembly for a door of a refrigerator includes a tray of flap construction which is moveable between a first position and a second position. In the first position the tray is received within a cavity of the dispenser assembly to present a support surface for a container such as a water glass. The tray is pivotable into a second position outside of the dispenser assembly so that an area normally underneath the tray is open to provide a second support surface for supporting larger containers than is possible with the tray in its first position. The now exposed bottom of the flap provides a third support surface outside of the cavity. The dispenser assembly can be used for dispensing water, ice, combinations thereof and may include lighting and other features.

Abstract: A decanting device is provided with a cap having a longitudinally extending, tubular nozzle with an airway debossed lengthwise on the outer surface of the nozzle. The decanting device may also have a bottom lid and a fluid reservoir with a top aperture and a bottom aperture. The cap is adapted to be removably coupled to the device at the top aperture and a bottom lid is adapted to be removably coupled to the device at the bottom aperture. Such device is useful in decanting liquids of varying viscosity since the nozzle airway allows air to escape a container that is being filled with a liquid from the decanting device.

Abstract: A “Woodprint™” characterization and identification technique employs cameras (16), lighting (14), camera interface hardware (18), a computer (20), and/or image processing software to collect and analyze surface characteristics of pieces of wood (8) to track them through an automated production process in real-time with information that is specific to each wood piece (8), such as what machining is required, its value, and/or its destination. When a wood piece (8) reaches a point in the production process where a decision is required, its unique identity is used to retrieve appropriate information previously determined and assigned to the wood piece (8).

Abstract: A method of production of a steel soft nitrided machine part with a high fatigue strength by hot forging the part, machining it while omitting heat treatment, then soft nitriding it, that is, a method of production comprising preparing a steel material of a composition containing Si, Mn, S, Cr, Mo, Nb, Ti, V, Ni, and N in predetermined amounts and a balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities, limiting the content of P in said unavoidable impurities to a predetermined amount of less, having a Ce. defined by the following equation (1) of 0.65 to 0.85, having a DI defined by the following equation (2) of 80 to 1355, having a log Kp defined by the following equation (3) of 2.5 to 8, and satisfying the following equation (4), heating it to 1150 to 1280° C., then hot forging it, then cooling it at 0.5 to 1.5° C./sec to obtain a hot forged part having a micrometallic structure in which a ratio of a bainite structure is 5% or more, then machining it, then soft nitriding it at 550 to 650° . for 30 minutes or more.

Abstract: A method for treating or pre-treating parts, profiles, strips, or wires comprising surfaces of aluminum, or other metal surfaces with an acidic, aqueous solution containing fluoride and phosphate.

Abstract: A high strength steel, including about 0.05 to about 0.25% of C, less than about 0.5% of Si, about 0.5 to about 3.0% of Mn, not more than about 0.06% of P, not more than about 0.01% of S, about 0.50 to about 3.0% of Sol. Al, not more than about 0.02% of N, about 0.1 to about 0.8% of Mo, about 0.02 to about 0.40% of Ti, and the balance of iron and unavoidable impurities, wherein the steel has a structure formed of at least three phases including a bainite phase, and a retained austenite phase in addition to a ferrite phase having a composite carbide containing Ti and Mo dispersed and precipitated therein, wherein the total volume of the ferrite phase and the bainite phase is not smaller than 80%, the volume of the bainite phase is about 5% to about 60%, and the volume of the retained austenite phase is about 3 to about 20%.

Abstract: A method and system for assembling a quasicrystalline heterostructure. A plurality of particles is provided with desirable predetermined character. The particles are suspended in a medium, and holographic optical traps are used to position the particles in a way to achieve an arrangement which provides a desired property.

Abstract: Density-enhanced compositions that are comprised of at least iron and tungsten, and articles, including firearm projectiles, formed therefrom. The articles have a density that exceeds that of steel, and which may be less than, equal to, or greater than that of lead. In some embodiments, iron is the majority component and tungsten is a minority component, with steel optionally forming a portion of the iron-containing component. In some embodiments, the article includes at least one additional minority component, such as one or more of nickel, manganese, tin, carbon, steel, chromium, molybdenum, silicon, aluminum, zinc, copper, potassium, sulfur, vanadium, and/or titanium. In some embodiments, the article is cast or otherwise formed from molten material, and in some embodiments the article is formed via powder metallurgy. In some embodiments, the article is firearm shot, a firearm slug, or a bullet.

Abstract: In order to accurately and efficiently alloy a Mg-REM-Ni based hydrogen-absorbing alloy in accordance with a target composition, which was difficult in the industrial production by the conventional technique, a rare earth element starting material and a nickel starting material are firstly melted in a melting furnace to form a melt of REM-Ni alloy, and then a magnesium starting material is added to the alloy melt and an interior of the melting furnace is kept at a given pressure to form a melt of Mg-REM-Ni alloy, and thereafter the alloy melt is cooled and solidified at a given cooling rate to produce a Mg-REM-Ni based hydrogen-absorbing alloy.

Abstract: Elongated structural components having regions of different thicknesses, especially for use in automobile bodies, are produced by flexible rolling metal strip so as to form along a length thereof rolled-strip segments of different wall thickness. The sheet bars are cut from the rolled strip and have regions of different wall thickness. Each sheet bar is reshaped in at least one hot-forming tool in at least one hot-forming state and the reshaped sheet bar is then rapidly cooled in the hot-forming tool of the last reshaping stage.

Abstract: A fixture for preventing distortion in a flange of a part during heat treatment. The fixture includes a first support for engaging a bottom surface of the flange, and a second support for engaging a top surface of the flange. A boltless locking ring locks the first and second supports into a fixed position relative to each other and to the flange during the heat treatment. In a method of preventing distortion, the steps include engaging a bottom surface of the flange with a first boltless ring, engaging a top surface of the flange with a second boltless ring, locking the first and second boltless rings into a fixed position relative to each other and to the flange, heat treating the part, unlocking the first and second rings from each other, and removing the first and second rings from engagement with the flange.

Abstract: A tough high strength heavy wall steel material having superior weldability is provided, said steel material has a diameter or a side 5 mm or more in length, and comprises oxides 1 ?m or less in particle diameter homogeneously dispersed at a dispersion density in a range of from 10,000 to 100,000 particles/mm2 and uniform ferrite grains 2 ?m or less in grain diameter formed over the entire plane making a right angle with respect to the rolling direction.

Abstract: For a group of nickel-based superalloys, improved properties have been obtained by stabilizing at increased temperature for a reduced time relative to prior art specifications. In particular, improved creep properties have been obtained with a one-hour 1800° F. stabilization relative to a prior art four-hour 1500° F. stabilization.

Abstract: The invention relates to an emulsified water in oil composition using a novel additive surfactant package containing a PIBSA-derived surfactant with a molecular weight in the ranged about 300 to 3000 and in the range of about 0.01% to about 10% by weight of the composition and an alkylamine ethoxylated surfactant in the range of about 0.01% to about 10% by weight of the composition.

Abstract: A basic metal nitrate suitable as an oxidizing agent for a gas generating agent, which is a basic metal nitrate having a good thermal stability and meeting at least one requirement of the following (a) to (d): (a) a particle diameter of 0.5 to 40 ?m; (b) a degree of crystallinity having 0.4 deg or less of a half band width of the peak in the X-ray analysis; (c) an initiation temperature of weight loss being 220° C. or higher according to TG-DTA analysis; and (d) an impurity content of 1,000 ppm or less based on Na atom. Also, a gas generating composition which has a low toxicity, a high burning rate, and a low combustion temperature and which is used in a gas generator for an air bag. The gas generating composition comprises (a) tetrazole derivatives, guanidine derivatives or a mixture thereof, (b) a basic metal nitrate, and (c) a binder and/or a slag-forming agent.

Abstract: An airless spare tire formed from an elastomeric material, preferably a polyurethane material, that includes an outer tread, like side walls and a closed undersurface, and where the side walls have identical spaced cavities formed therein, each to intersect a center section, and which cavities each have the shape of a parallelogram with rounded corners, and have one long side at a selected angle to a tire radius from the tire center, with their short sides essentially parallel to the tire tread. Which cavities on one side of the tire are offset to those on the other tire side and the angle of the parallelogram shaped cavity long side to a radial is selected to provide for an alignment of side wall sections on one tire side with end or centers of the side wall sections on the other tire side.

Abstract: Disclosed is a pneumatic tire provided with an elastic fixing band having excellent durability and enabling stable attachment of a member, which is independent from the tire, to an inner surface of a tread thereof. The pneumatic tire of the present invention includes a member attached to an inner surface of a tread thereof by use of an elastic fixing band, the member being independent from the tire. The pneumatic tire is characterized in that the elastic fixing band is formed of a metallic band form with a width in a range of 10 to 40 mm and a thickness in a range of 0.1 to 0.5 mm.

Abstract: A pneumatic tire with a noise damper made of a spongelike multi-cellular material is disclosed. The noise damper is divided into small dampers to improve the high-speed durability of the tire. The noise damper is provided with a water-impermeable outer coating to prevent water from infiltrating into the spongelike multi-cellular material during transporting, store keeping and the like.

Abstract: A pneumatic tire largely improves the run-flat durability while preventing the deterioration of the ride comfort to the input of vibrations to the tire at a normal state and comprises a reinforcing rubber 6 arranged inside a sidewall portion 2 and having a crescent form at its cross section, in which one cord reinforcing layer 9 having a rubberized structure of steel cords is arranged along a turnup portion 5a of a carcass ply 5 around a bead core 4 and an interval between the steel cords in the cord reinforcing layer is within a range of 2.5-20 times a diameter of the cord.

Abstract: The present invention is a bonding apparatus which bonds a first object to be bonded and a second object to be bonded by bringing a bonding member into contact with an upper surface of the second object to be bonded placed on an upper surface of the first object to be bonded and ultrasonically vibrating the second object to be bonded by the bonding member, and the bonding member includes: a contact portion brought into contact with the second object to be bonded; and a holding portion holding the second object to bonded. With this structure, it is possible to prevent the object to bonded from sliding sideways to thereby properly bond the objects to be bonded to each other, even with a low pressing force.

Abstract: A production method for laminated glass capable of performing a firing step for a fired substance and a bend-forming step to an inner sheet and an outer sheet in the same forming furnace when laminated glass having a fired substance between an inner sheet and an outer sheet is produced, whereby the inner sheet and the outer sheet overlap each other with high accuracy and a production device thereof, are provided. A production method for laminated glass having a fired substance between an inner sheet 2 and an outer sheet 3 wherein a firing step for firing a fired substance in a state that the inner sheet 2 and the outer sheet 3 are kept away and a bend-forming step in a state that the inner sheet 2 and the outer sheet 3 overlap each other, is carried out in the same forming furnace.

Abstract: A method for decorating the cylindrical walls of receptacles, comprising the following steps: a) moveable mandrels are arranged in a loop and are displaced, keeping their axes parallel to a direction D; b) each receptacle is engaged by the cylindrical wall thereof on the mandrel; c) the mandrel is brought into the vicinity of a marking cylinder which turns about a fixed axis parallel to direction D; d) the mandrel is rotated at a speed which is correlated with that of the marking cylinder; e) a transfer film support strip is displaced between the marking cylinder and the mandrel; f) the marking cylinder and mandrel are placed in contact with each other such that the marked area of the transfer film adheres to the cylindrical wall; g) the support strip is removed from the cylindrical wall of the receptacle. The inventive method is adapted to the manufacture of flexible tubes and can be easily implemented on existing devices such as capping machines.

Abstract: A low mass safety helmet is provided, containing a sandwich of polymer composite materials to produce an effective means of shock mitigation to a wearer's head. The sandwich comprises an inner and outer layer of fibre reinforced polymer which encapsulates a pre-formed energy dispersive material which is typically a high impact resistant foam. Optionally, on the inside surface of the inner layer which is adjacent to the wearer's head there may also be fitted a comfort liner, manufactured from either a low density impact foam or a material or plastic lattice, to provide comfort to the wearer and protection from low energy impacts. The use of a preformed foam liner in the manufacturing of the helmet allows for accurate dimensional tolerances to be achieved, thus allowing helmets which can meet the requirements for both military and civilian use to be manufactured by mass production techniques.

Abstract: A fabric body or textile comprising a cable or interconnect capable of transmitting data or power is secured to the fabric body or textile surface by a tape. Methods for securing the cable or interconnect system include, for example, garment taping processes. Fabric bodies having the taped cable or interconnect are highly flexible, wash durable and unobtrusive to the user.

Abstract: A friction-reducing abrasion resistant bearing material is described. The material comprises a monolithic, porous polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) having dispersed therein a wear-resistant thermosetting or thermoplastic resin material.

Abstract: A multilayer circuit board comprises core layers 101 and 102 made of a core material impregnated with resin, resin layers 111 and 112 interposed between the core layers 101 and 102, a wiring pattern 140 embedded in the resin layers 111 and 112. The core layers 101 and 102 have a thickness of 100 ?m or smaller, whereby the entire board can significantly be thinned. Furthermore, the less strong resin layers 111 and 112 are interposed between the hard core layers 101 and 102, whereby the entire board has increased strength.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for continuously applying labels to containers, and a container including a label on a surface thereof which has been applied thereto by the method and/or apparatus. An activating solution is sprayed by a sprayer onto a label pallet or directly onto a surface of a label containing an activatable coating or layer thereon. The activating solution activates the activatable coating or layer. The label is adhered to a container by placing the activated coating or layer of the label in contact with a surface of the container. The sprayer may deliver the activating solution to a surface of a label pallet or label with an even wet-out.