Abstract: Described is a system and method for bar code decoding. The system comprises first and second digitizers and a processor. The first digitizer outputs a first digitized representation of a bar code. The second digitizer outputs a second digitized representation of the bar code. The processor compares the first and second digitized representations to yield a set of parameters. The processor selects one of the first and second digitized representations to be decoded as a function of the set of parameters.

Abstract: Partial decode results that successfully decode a subset of bar code symbol components and a quality indicator associated with each component are stored. These partial decode results are combined based on the quality indicator to achieve an improved decode of the symbol.

Abstract: A moving coil actuator contains a magnet assembly that is movable to shift the range of motion of the coil. The magnet assembly moves between two or more positions along a path of travel that is parallel to the path of travel of the reciprocating motion of the coil. With this feature, the width of an area scanned by a scanning head affixed to the coil can be increased by multiples allowing a simple moving coil actuator to be used for any scanning width.

Abstract: A reading apparatus reads identification information attached on an object located outside of the reading apparatus by optically scanning a surface of the object. The reading apparatus includes a supporting member that supports a optical deflecting unit and that rotatably supports a light collecting unit.

Abstract: A scanner flipper integrity checking method, computer-readable medium, and apparatus is provided. In one embodiment, the method powers a motor for a predetermined amount of time. After the predetermined time has expired a wave is received indicative of the frequency of the oscillation of the flipper. Thereafter, the method uses the wave signal to determine whether there are two consecutive transitions indicative of movement by said flipper. In another embodiment, an apparatus is also provided which performs the similar features recited by the above method.

Abstract: A control switch arrangement for sequentially controlling different operating states in a moving beam reader or an imager employs a force sensing resistor switch requiring a low actuation force, and a control switch with improved tactile feedback and ergonomic efficiency between the switches.

Abstract: A hand-held, compact fixed mounted or mobile optical symbol scanner assembly that employs black-light emitting diodes to illuminate luminescent or fluorescent bar code symbols that are invisibly printed or formed the surface of an article. The scanner employs an array of far blue or UV LEDs or laser diodes. An optional nosepiece or shroud on the distal face of the scanner device limits glare from ambient light and also protects against stray UV light. A filter disposed in advance of the imager device blocks the illuminating wavelength but transmits the luminescent light from the target. With proper selection of optical filters and illumination LED wavelengths, the scanner can be used with inks or dyes that fluoresce when exposed to light in the visible spectrum.

Abstract: A document including a substrate and an information marking printed on the substrate. The substrate has a front side, a rear side and a perimeter side edge. The perimeter side edge has a substantially smaller size than the front side and the rear side. The information marking is printed on the perimeter side edge of the substrate. The information marking includes multi-spectral encoding tags adapted to be read in a direction towards the perimeter side edge.

Abstract: A document printed marking including a first information marking including first luminescent taggants having a first luminescence wavelength band; and a second information marking printed at least partially on the first information marking at an overlap location. The second information marking includes second different luminescent taggant having a second different luminescence wavelength band. The second luminescence wavelength band is spaced from the first luminescence wavelength band such that the first information marking and the second information marking are substantially luminescently non-intrusive with each other at the overlap location.

Abstract: A portable apparatus includes an IC card function capable of performing a predetermined operation via wireless communications. The apparatus further includes; a lock switching operation section which switches the IC card function between a locked state in which the IC card function is ineffective and an unlocked state in which the IC card function is effective according to user operation; a timer which measures time from a point in time when the IC card function is unlocked by user operation through the lock switching operation section; and an auto-locking processing section which automatically changes the IC card function to the locked state when the time measured by the timer reaches a predetermined threshold time.

Abstract: A portable device and a method for setting a hardware identity code corresponding to the portable device are disclosed. The portable device includes a first module capable of performing a first function and corresponding to a first hardware identity code; a second module capable of performing a second function and corresponding to a second hardware identity code; and a controller, coupled to the first and the second modules, for controlling the first and the second modules to allow the portable device to perform the first function or the second function according to a selecting signal, wherein if the controller enables the first module, the controller utilizes the first hardware identity code as a hardware identity code of the portable device, and if the controller enables the second module, the controller utilizes the second hardware identity code as the hardware identity code of the portable device.

Abstract: One alternative and optional method of the present invention provides a secured item specific identification system incorporating the steps of identifying an item to a determined degree, generating a first identifying code for the item, generating a second code and separately providing the same to a partner, enabling an access to secure identification data regarding the item upon an authorizing use of both the first and second code. In other optional alternative embodiments, the first and second codes may be optionally linked or alternatively provided in alternative and adaptive composite symbology formats.

Abstract: One alternative and optional method of the present invention provides a secured item specific identification system incorporating the steps of identifying an item to a determined degree, generating a first identifying code for the item, generating a second code and separately providing the same to a partner, enabling an access to secure identification data regarding the item upon an authorizing use of both the first and second code. In other optional alternative embodiments, the first and second codes may be optionally linked or alternatively provided in alternative and adaptive composite symbology formats.

Abstract: A two-dimensional (2D) tag is provided for reading with an optical reader. The tag includes a locator component for locating the tag. An orientation component is provided so that the reader can sense its orientation relative to the tag. One or more data areas are provided which contain data to be read by the reader. Typically, the locator component includes an endless line, and the data areas are located both inside and outside of the endless line.

Abstract: A zone thermostat for use in connection with an Electronically-Controlled Register vent (ECRV) that can be easily installed by a homeowner or general handyman is disclosed. The ECRV can be used to convert a non-zoned HVAC system into a zoned system. The ECRV can also be used in connection with a conventional zoned HVAC system to provide additional control and additional zones not provided by the conventional zoned HVAC system. In one embodiment, the ECRV is configured have a size and form-factor that conforms to a standard manually-controlled register vent. In one embodiment, the zone thermostat is configured to provide thermostat information to the ECRV. In one embodiment, the zone thermostat communicates with a central monitoring system that coordinates operation of the heating and cooling zones.

Abstract: An Electronically-Controlled Register vent (ECRV) that can be easily installed by a homeowner or general handyman is disclosed. The ECRV can be used to convert a non-zoned HVAC system into a zoned system. The ECRV can also be used in connection with a conventional zoned HVAC system to provide additional control and additional zones not provided by the conventional zoned HVAC system. In one embodiment, the ECRV is configured have a size and form-factor that conforms to a standard manually-controlled register vent. In one embodiment, a zone thermostat is configured to provide thermostat information to the ECRV. In one embodiment, the zone thermostat communicates with a central monitoring system that coordinates operation of the heating and cooling zones.

Abstract: A method and a device for stationary-mode air conditioning ensure that air conditioning measures take place only during a minimum time period before the arrival of the user at the vehicle so that an unnecessary consumption of resources is prevented. Furthermore, the user is no longer encumbered with having to estimate or calculate himself the necessary time during which an air conditioning measure has to take place in order to attain a desired air conditioning state at the time of arrival at the vehicle. For this purpose, an air conditioning assistant is constructed which, in response to an arrival time which has been input by a user and sensed climatic peripheral conditions, automatically causes an air conditioning measure to be started only for a necessary minimum time period before the arrival time which has been input. As a result of this, and by a suitable selection of the air conditioning measures used, it is possible to achieve a saving in resources.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a thermostat with USB hub function, which can be connected to a computer USB port and which comprises one uplink USB port (1) and a plurality of downlink USB ports (2) with a hub chip (3) disposed in between, and further comprises an electrothermal component (4) which contacts the metal plate (8) on the surface of the casing of the thermostat with USB hub function, and the electrothermal component is connected to the power terminal (32) of the uplink USB port (1) which corresponds to the computer USB port, characterized in that it comprises an integrated temperature measuring module and a liquid crystal display (6), which are interconnected with each other, and the integrated temperature measuring module comprises a temperature sensor R29 (41) which contacts the metal plate, and the liquid crystal display is disposed on the surface of the casing.

Abstract: A portable remote wireless control for establishing different temperatures in separate portions of a building. The remote control not only regulates hot and cold airflow through rotatable damper vanes in one or more diffusers, but it also recharges the batteries that power the wireless receiver, servomotor and servomotor controls that selectively rotate the damper vanes. Damper vane rotation regulates air flow from the diffuser to control the temperature in the portion of the building. The damper vanes, moreover, are of a light plastic with a marginal band of a foam material to enable the vanes to rotate silently and freely also to form a seal that eliminates a great deal of air seepage past the individual vanes.

Abstract: An improved shell-and-tube steam instantaneous heat exchange system of a closely coupled feedback design which overheats water in the heat exchanger portion of the system and then blends the water, as needed, with proportional amounts of cold water to achieve the correct outlet temperature for a wide range of flow rates. The system uses at least two primary heat exchangers to provide redundancy in the case of failure of a major component of the system. Steam flow through the heat exchangers is controlled by the use of steam traps, rather than using a thermostatically controlled valve to vary the supply of steam. To obtain precise temperature control during varying water volume use, water is directed from the blended outlet of a first water tempering valve into the hot inlet port of a second water tempering valve.

Abstract: A clip on type air freshener device having a housing with openings in walls thereof permitting air flow through a cavity in the housing. A bottle that holds a supply of fragrance bearing liquid is mounted on the housing and has a wick with a portion thereof projecting into the cavity in the housing. An open ended sleeve is mounted on housing in axial alignment with such projecting wick portion and is adjustably moveable axially along the wick selectively in one position to completely cover the wick projecting portion and in another position leave at least a major portion thereof exposed to air flow through said housing openings. The wick cover is exposed through an opening in the housing giving the user a visual indication as to the amount of wick exposed for evaporation of the fragrance during usage of the device.

Abstract: The present invention provides a scent emanating container adapted for removable placement on the end of an elongated writing instrument, having a scent housing, a neck portion adapted for placement on the elongated writing instrument and from which the scent housing extends, a post interiorly extending from the housing, and a scented member removably positioned on the post.

Abstract: An irrigation sprinkler is for use in distributing water to an area of vegetation, and has a rotatable nozzle for dispersing the water by rotation of the nozzle. A magnet is coupled or connected to the nozzle and rotates synchronously with the rotation of the nozzle. A sensor unit is disposed adjacent to the nozzle and detects a magnetic field generated by the magnet during nozzle rotation to generate a signal indicative of the speed and direction of rotation of the nozzle.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus for injecting gas into a vessel. The apparatus may include a gas flow duct and a central body within a forward end region of the duct. The central body and the gas flow duct form an annular nozzle for the discharge of gas from the duct. A plurality of flow directing vanes are disposed about the central body to impart swirl to a gas flow through the nozzle. The flow directing vanes have substantially straight leading end portions radiating outwardly from the central body and extending along the duct. The vanes also have substantially helical trailing end portions extending helically about the central body toward the front end of the duct and transition portions joining the leading end portions to the trailing end portions. The transition portions are shaped so as to merge smoothly with both the leading end portions and the trailing end portions and to smoothly and progressively change shape between them.

Abstract: A gasoline engine carburetor primary nozzle includes a body of the nozzle and a connecting member disposed below the body; a channel being axially disposed between and connecting through both of the body and the connecting member; a spray tip being provided on the sidewall of the body; both of the body and the connecting member being made of the same plastic material and in an integrated part by injection mold in one process to allow simple construction, lower production cost and without getting loosened up forever.

Abstract: The present invention provides an ophthalmic fluid delivery device adapted to deliver an ophthalmic fluid in the form of a mist to an ocular region of a patient. The ophthalmic fluid delivery device comprises a nozzle defining an aperture through which the ophthalmic fluid can flow and at least one shutter positioned proximate to the aperture of the nozzle. The shutter is mounted for movement with respect to the aperture of the nozzle between an open position permitting flow of the ophthalmic fluid through the aperture of the nozzle and a closed position at least partially covering the aperture. A shutter actuator is positioned proximate to the shutter. The shutter actuator is mounted for movement with respect to the nozzle, and the shutter actuator is coupled to the shutter such that the movement of the shutter actuator moves the shutter between the open position and the closed position.

Abstract: A reservoir assembly for use in an ophthalmic fluid delivery device adapted to deliver an ophthalmic fluid in the form of a mist to an ocular region of a patient is provided, wherein the device has a lumen-defining component configured to deliver the fluid from the reservoir assembly. The reservoir assembly includes a reservoir defining an aperture and a cavity in fluid flow communication with the aperture, a fluid contained in the cavity of the reservoir, and a gasket traversing the aperture. The gasket defines a passage configured to receive a portion of the lumen-defining component and to permit the flow of the fluid from the cavity and through the aperture when the portion of the lumen-defining component is inserted through the passage. The gasket is also configured to substantially prevent the flow of the fluid from the cavity and through the aperture when the portion of the lumen-defining component is not inserted through the passage.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for coagulation and dispersion of fog and an installation thereof, in particular a system for fog dispersal over automobile roads, highways, roundabouts, and rail roads. The process produces fog or mist particle coagulation using fields of sonic, ultrasonic or electromagnetic waves generated with a power density level and then projected to a selected area of an open space where they produce forces on particles and then movement of abovementioned particles, said movement producing coagulation and further aggregation.

Abstract: A series of improved paint stripers and methods for their construction, the use of lightweight, inexpensive, readily available construction materials, and specialized nozzles and actuators.

Abstract: A device for spraying a fluid, said device comprising a reservoir for the fluid to be sprayed; pumping means comprising a electric operated pump having an inlet port in fluid communication with the fluid of said reservoir and an outlet port; a tubing having opposite ends, one end being in fluid communication with the outlet port of the pump, the other end being in fluid communication with a spraying nozzle; electric power supply means; a on-off switch means; electrical wiring connecting the electric power supply means, the electric motor and the on-off switch means to have the electric motor remotely operated by the on-off switch; a harness means allowing a user to wear an assembly defined by the reservoir, the pumping means and the power supply means; and a valve means provided across the tubing to allow passage of said fluid when this latter is pressurized by the pump and to prevent the fluid to drip from the nozzle when not pressurized by the pump.

Abstract: Sprinkler nozzle which is formed of two parts which each mesh into each other with one of their far ends and which are mutually connected by means of a snap system which makes it possible to lock both parts in different positions in relation to each other, whereby the first part (2) consists of a hollow body with a passage (5) which is or can be fixed to a spray cylinder (1), and whereby the second part (4) consists of a hollow body in which is provided a die channel (6), characterised in that the above-mentioned snap system is formed of two contact surfaces working in conjunction with each other, one of which is part of the first part (2) and consists of a multi-surfaced edge (9, 10, 11), and the other contact surface of which is part of the second part (4) and consists of a multi-surfaced ring (13, 14, 15) which is complementary to the above-mentioned multi-surfaced edge (9, 10, 11).

Abstract: Irrigation apparatus and methods for using such apparatus in irrigation are described. The irrigation apparatus combines the function of a regulator, valve, and filter into a single unit, rather than merely connecting the three separate devices to each other using pipe. Incorporating the functions of the three separate devices into a single unit allows a smaller size to be used, making it quicker and easier to install and/or replace in the limited space provided by irrigation boxes. Using a single apparatus alternatively allows a smaller irrigation box to be used, saving on costs.

Abstract: A fixed nozzle type sprinkler having a flow interrupter assembly that is configured to reduce the water hammer effect is disclosed. A pressure relief valve is disposed to vent fluid when the pressure within the sprinkler exceeds a generally predetermined amount. When the flow interrupter assembly is in its closed position, blocking fluid flow through the nozzle, the pressure in the sprinkler can build up. Once that pressure reaches the generally predetermined amount, the pressure relief valve opens to vent fluid and reduce the pressure within the sprinkler.

Abstract: A flow shut off or throttling valve is provided in a sprinkler nozzle housing to enable a nozzle to be changed without having to turn off a flow pressure source. The valve intersects a flow path through the nozzle housing and has an opening such that when the opening is aligned with the flow path, a flow stream can flow unobstructed through the flow path. The valve is movable between a fully open position in which the opening is aligned with the flow path and a closed position which blocks the flow stream from flowing to a nozzle disposed at an outlet passage of the flow path. The valve may be constructed to be either slidable or rotatable between the two positions, and is actuated by a gearing arrangement which is operable at the exterior of the nozzle housing. The external valve actuator may function as a physical barrier to retain the removable nozzle in the nozzle housing when the valve is open and to disengage the nozzle when the valve is closed.

Abstract: A dual-axis rotating sprinkler has a nozzle, an adjusting assembly, a rotating assembly and an adapting tube. The adjusting assembly is attached to the nozzle. Pivoting the adjusting assembly easily changes the elevation angle of the nozzle to change the spray area. The rotating assembly is attached to the adjusting assembly. The adapting tube is mounted around the rotating assembly, connects to the water pipe to allow the water passing through the adapting tube and filling into the rotating assembly. The water drives the rotating assembly to rotate the adjusting assembly. Therefore, the dual-axis rotating sprinkler rotates by the rotating assembly to spray in all directions and can be pivoted by the adjusting assembly to change the spray area.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an automatic water inlet switching device for an oscillating sprinkler that has a sprinkle control unit having a blade equipped gear transmission set housed therein, working together with a water inlet switching device having an operation unit and a movable swinging seat. The bottom of the movable swinging seat is provided with two water stop ends in opposite to two outlet holes defined on a coupling unit with a concaved bounded space placed at the center thereof. An action stick of the operation unit is operable inside the bounded space so that in the water inlet switching operation the swinging angle of the action stick is limited within the bounded space and the action stick will move against the push end thereof so as to produce a built-up force to instantaneously spring away the movable swinging seat no matter what the water pressure is high or low in operation.

Abstract: A spray oscillating control apparatus for sprinklers is equipped with a sprinkling control assembly to swing a spray body into different angles wherein a gear train assembly with an impeller is mounted into the sprinkling control assembly and work in linking mechanism with a spray oscillating control apparatus composed of a water duct having two inlet orifices and a spray control device having a linkage gear wheel and two covering blocks. The linkage gear wheel is directly meshed with one matched gear of the gear train assembly and the two covering blocks are matched to the two inlet orifices, permitting the linkage gear wheel and the two covering blocks to rotate along with the gear train assembly and, thus, switch the amount of intake water supply in a gradual manner so that spray sprinkled can oscillate rhythmically from far-to-near and near-to-far in distance, achieving even distribution of the spray onto a lawn.

Abstract: Dispensing systems for dispensing one or more materials into a fluid flow conduit, during the conveyance of fluid through the conduit are configured to connect to a fluid conduit, such as a standard pipe of a shower arm and dispense a material into the water flow in the shower arm. The system includes a first tube member having a restrictor flow passage to provide a pressure differential, as fluid flows through the tube member. The pressure differential created within the restrictor passage by the fluid flow is communicated to a flask, to provide a pressure differential between the interior and the exterior of a flexible container within the flask. The pressure differential causes material within the flexible container to be drawn out and conveyed to the fluid flowing through the tube member. The flask may be connected to the first tube member, through an extension portion that is rotatable around the first tube member for convenient positioning.

Abstract: A nozzle assembly is disclosed which provides for increased atomization, a finer spray, and a reduced tendency of the apparatus to clog. The nozzle assembly includes a variable discharge opening and pressure chamber through which the spray material must pass prior to exiting the spray container through the discharge opening. As material exiting the container passes through the pressure chamber, pressure is built up, causing the pressure chamber to vibrate which results in increased shearing and atomization of the spray material.

Abstract: A nozzle has a nozzle body with a front, a back, and at least one side surface extending therebetween. A spray head extends from the back towards the front of the nozzle body. A door is provided with a portal within which there is a screen. The door is hingedly coupled to the front of the nozzle and is preferably provided with a pair of spaced apart hooks which engage mating slots on the front of the nozzle to hold the door in place covering the front of the nozzle body. The screen is preferably integrally molded in the door and the door and nozzle body are preferably formed in the same mold. The nozzle can be used in conjunction with a conventional trigger sprayer.

Abstract: A liquid discharge device is provided with a head, a cover member, a negative pressure source, a seal member, and a controller. The head has a nozzle plane in which a nozzle is formed. The cover member has a fluid passage and is capable of covering the nozzle plane such that one end of the fluid passage is in communication with the nozzle. The negative pressure source is connected to the fluid passage. The seal member has a non-nozzle plane in which the nozzle is not formed. The non-nozzle plane is capable of sealing the one end of the fluid passage. The controller drives the negative pressure source in a first state in which the cover member is covering the nozzle plane. The controller drives the negative pressure source in a second state in which the non-nozzle plane is sealing the one end of the fluid passage.

Abstract: A spray nozzle assembly is disclosed which provides for increased atomization, a finer spray, and a reduced tendency of the apparatus to clog. The nozzle assembly includes a discharge opening, an expansible bladder, and optionally, a pressure chamber through which the spray material must pass prior to exiting the spray container through the discharge opening. As material exiting the container passes through the expansible bladder and the pressure chamber, pressure is built up, which results in increased shearing and atomization of the spray material.

Abstract: A fluid entrainment apparatus is provided which operates to mix a first fluid stream with a second fluid stream. The apparatus includes first and second fluid flow conduits. The first fluid flow conduit includes a nozzle portion having a converging bore through which the first fluid is accelerated. Additionally, the second fluid flow conduit includes a nozzle portion having a converging bore, a duct portion having a generally cylindrical bore, and a diffuser portion having a diverging bore. The nozzle portion of the second fluid flow conduit is mounted with respect to the nozzle portion of the first fluid flow conduit such that an annular port is formed through which the second fluid passes to mix with the first fluid. Additional fluid mixing occurs in the duct portion and the diffuser portion. The fluid entrainment apparatus may be configured for use within a vehicle exhaust system.

Abstract: A surgical apparatus has an HF-generator (16) which is connected via an electric line (17, 17?) to the suction tube (21, 21?) of the surgical handpiece (2) and to a large-area electrode. The surgical handpiece (2) is made of electrically conductive material and an electric contact surface (27) is configured at the distal end of the suction tube (21, 21?) and the electric contact surface (27) and the large-area electrode are designed to accommodate tissue parts therebetween.

Abstract: The inventive nozzle comprises a first releasing stage (1) for producing a pre-release by absorbing from 5 to 20% of available pressure, a second releasing stage (2) wherein a substantial release is carried out and the pressurised water passes from a saturation pressure to an output nozzle pressure, an intermediate chamber (3) in the form of a transition chamber in which the pressurised water approaches the saturation pressure by absorbing from 5 to 30% of the available pressure and an outlet tube (3) consisting of a sudden release and cavitation confinement tube whose minimum length (1) substantially corresponds to a distance separating the end of said tube on the second release stage side from a readhesion point of jets to the tube wall at the angle of divergence (alpha) thereof ranging from 3 to 12 DEG before readhesion.

Abstract: A pneumatic pusher having a main body, a flow-guiding body, a moving body, and a delivery tube. The flow-guiding body includes a front tube with a smaller diameter and a rear tube with a larger diameter. The delivery tube is mounted on the front tube in such a way that the outer wall of the delivery tube and the inner wall of the main body define a return pressure chamber. A first gas-distributing channel extending from a first air outlet at one side of the main body leads directly to the inner side of the delivery tube. The side of the first air inlet of the main body communicates with a second gas-distributing channel. The second gas-distributing channel includes an exit located at one side of the return pressure chamber of the delivery tube. The air pressure provided through the second gas-distributing channel serves as cushioning force in pushing the delivery tube outwardly.

Abstract: A channel switching valve (A) of the present invention includes a discharge hole (14) which discharges water having a proper temperature and a drain hole (15) which drains water having an improper temperature. A part of a first channel (11) extending from a hot water supply port (24b) to the discharge hole and a part of a second channel (11) extending from the hot water supply port to the drain hole are common. Therefore, the channel switching valve can be compact.

Abstract: The invention provides an injection molding nozzle or nozzle segment having a recessed terminal or terminal housing such that the radial profile of the nozzle or nozzle segment is reduced. Components of the nozzle or nozzle segment and injection molding apparatus having the nozzle or nozzle segment are also part of the invention.

Abstract: The invention relates to a valve for a fuel injection system, having a valve seat embodied in a valve housing, and having a valve member which is movable in the valve housing and has a sealing face that when the valve is closed rests sealingly against the valve seat and when the valve is open, together with the valve seat, defines a valve gap through which fuel flows. To prevent cavitation damage, the valve member has an encompassing hollow throat, which is disposed in the flow direction immediately downstream of the sealing face and is adjoined by an encompassing cross-sectional thickening of the valve member.

Abstract: A fluid jet system includes an upstream high-pressure body having a high-pressure bore axially positioned, a retaining nut configured to couple to the upstream high-pressure body, and an orifice mount assembly. The retaining nut includes a mounting chamber configured to laterally receive the orifice mount assembly without application of a torque while the retaining nut is coupled to the upstream high-pressure body and the system is at ambient pressure. A face seal may be mounted in either a downstream portion of the high-pressure bore or the orifice mount assembly to provide a high-pressure seal while the system is pressurized.