Abstract: A low wattage mercury vapor lamp comprises a discharge vessel (10) including a tubular body (12), first and second electrodes (20, 22) and two end walls (16, 18), which close opposite ends of the tubular body. The discharge vessel contains an ionizable fill material having a concentration of mercury of from 0.10 to 0.20 mg/mm3. The discharge vessel operates at elevated pressures of from 80 to 170 atmospheres at power of 20 watts resulting in improved lumen maintenance and reduced through-life color shift.

Abstract: A vehicle lighting control system provides tailored implementation of daytime running light operation. Daytime running light operation is triggered in response to selected vehicle conditions, typically including, ignition key position, release of the park brake and selection of the off state for the vehicle headlamps. The occurrence of additional conditions results in cancellation or suspension of operation. Suspension follows from setting of the parking brake, typically without activation of school bus warning lights.

Abstract: An apparatus for converting gas using gliding plasma. The apparatus includes: a reaction chamber; an electrode member inside the reaction chamber and insulated from the reaction chamber; a power source applying electricity to the reaction chamber and the electrode member; a magnetic field generating unit installed outside the reaction chamber to rotate plasma induced inside the reaction chamber in a circumferential direction of the electrode member for forming a plasma region; and a gas supplying unit supplying material gas into the reaction chamber to allow the material gas to pass through the plasma region for converting the material gas into a different gas by energy received from the plasma. In the gas conversion apparatus, the plasma region can be widely formed in the reaction chamber to increase gas conversion rate.

Abstract: A light emitting apparatus comprises at least two light emitting elements with different chromaticities; and a light emitting element controller that controls light emitted from the light emitting apparatus so as to be a desired chromaticity. The light emitting element controller controls the light emitting elements based on a predetermined function of light emitting element temperature variation. Accordingly, it is possible to provide a light emitting apparatus that, even if the temperature varies, has a stable desired chromaticity without chromaticity variation. In addition, since control is performed based on a property function of wavelength fluctuation due to light emitting element temperature variation, it is possible to provide more reliable reproduction characteristics, and a desired chromaticity.

Abstract: A system for controlling illumination of a fluorescent lamp includes a silicon controlled rectifier (SCR) control circuit receiving a first signal of a power source and generating an adjustment signal. A charge pump circuit receives a charge pump signal, a second signal of the power source and the adjustment signal to generate a direct current (DC) power signal. An RC attenuator attenuates the adjustment signal to generate an attenuated DC signal. A control circuit receives the attenuated DC signal and generates first and second output signals according to a first reference voltage, a second reference voltage and a power feedback signal of the fluorescent lamp. A half bridge driving circuit receives the first output signal, the second output signal and the DC power signal to generate an illuminating signal and the charge pump signal. The illumination of the fluorescent lamp is adjustable by the illuminating signal.

Abstract: A circuit for driving the current for inductive loads such as an electron beam deflection coil for an x-ray generator system. The circuit includes two selectable voltage levels provided by a high level and a low level source. A plurality of switches selects the voltage level and determines the polarity of the current through the coil. The high level source is selected when the load is charging or discharging. The low level source is selected when the load is operating in a constant current mode, where a high frequency switching device controls the voltage through the load by switching the low level source to generate a PWM waveform according to a reference current duty cycle. A feedback loop monitors the current through the load to adjust the duty cycle of the PWM waveform to more accurately control the current through the load.

Abstract: In an inverter circuit, inverter transformers supply AC voltage to discharge tubes. The inverter transformers are arranged such that the AC voltage at a respective first terminal of each secondary coil has an opposite polarity with respect to a corresponding second terminal of each secondary coil. Balance transformers have primary coils inserted in series between a reference terminal of the secondary coils of the inverter transformers and ground. The secondary coils of the balance transformers are connected in series to form a loop. One node of the loop is grounded and a voltage detection node is located on the loop. At least one secondary coil of the secondary coils of the balance transformers is interposed between the grounded node of the loop and the voltage detection node. Thus, an abnormal state or condition, such as an open circuit or a short circuit may be detected.

Abstract: A lamp assembly includes a lamp and a lamp driving device. The lamp includes a body and first and second electrodes. The body converts invisible ray generated by a discharge into visible ray, and the electrodes are disposed on the body. The lamp driving device provides the first and second electrodes with first and second driving voltages, respectively, to generate the discharge. The first driving voltage is less than a first critical voltage at which a corona discharge occurs at the first and second electrodes. When the first electrode is electrically connected to a ground, the first critical voltage may be about 1,200 volts. When the second driving voltage has an inverted phase with respect to the first driving voltage, the first critical voltage is about 2,400 volts. An ozone gas may not be generated at the first and second electrodes to prevent the damage of the electrodes.

Abstract: A control circuit (1) for driving a gas discharge lamp, in particular a fluorescent lamp (FL), having a controllable converter (2) for converting a DC voltage to an AC voltage and having two feed lines (3, 4), which are connected on the AC-voltage side to the converter (2), and between which the gas discharge lamp can be connected, an inductor (L1), a first capacitance (C1) and a first controllable switching element (T1) being connected in series in the feed lines (3, 4). The feed lines (3, 4) are connected to one another via a second switching element (T2).

Abstract: An inverter circuit, a backlight assembly and a liquid crystal display include first and second electrodes and a balance circuit. The first and second electrodes supply a voltage of opposite polarities, respectively, among an even number of cold cathode fluorescent lamps (CCFLs) disposed in one direction. The first and second electrodes supply the voltage of opposite polarities to even-numbered CCFLs and odd-numbered CCFLs, respectively. The balance circuit controls currents flowing through the CCFLs. The CCFLs are halved into a first group higher in temperature and a second group lower in temperature than the first group. The balance circuit includes primary coils directly connected between at least one CCFL of the first group and at least one CCFL of the second group and secondary coils corresponding to the primary coils that are connected to each other to form a loop.

Abstract: An open protection circuit (300) for a backlight module includes a PWM (350) with a control port (351) to disable the PWM. A switch (371) has a gate and a source connected to the control port. A plurality of first input circuits (330) includes first diodes (331), each of which has a first positive terminal connected to the gate and a negative terminal connected to ground. A plurality of second input circuits (340) include input resistors (341) connected to the control port. A plurality of detecting circuits (310, 380) are connected to the fluorescent lamps (311) and the first and second input circuits respectively. Each detecting circuit includes a sampling resistor (313) connected to one of the negative terminals of the first diodes, thereby the control port of the PWM is pulled low when either one of the fluorescent lamps are open-circuit.

Abstract: A method for driving a fluorescent lamp and an inverter circuit for performing the same are used to reduce an amount of electromagnetic interference (EMI) generated by a transformer and an instantaneous loading of a DC voltage source. The inverter circuit comprises a DC square wave voltage source, a bridge DC/AC converter, a transformer, a feedback control unit and a voltage control circuit wherein the voltage control circuit is coupled to the DC voltage source, the bridge DC/AC converter and the feedback control unit. The voltage control circuit is used to convert DC voltage provided by the DC voltage source into a two-level DC square wave, which in turn converts the two-level DC square wave into an AC quasi-sine wave to drive the fluorescent lamp through the bridge DC/AC converter and the transformer. The feedback control unit generates signals to control the voltage control circuit and the bridge DC/AC converter.

Abstract: When the temperature value detected by a temperature detecting circuit is lower than a previously designated set temperature value, cathode fluorescent lamps (CFLs) are operated to illuminate with a duty ratio of 100% so as to enhance the brightness. When the detected temperature value has become equal to or higher than the previously designated set temperature value, CFLs are operated to illuminate by changing the duty ratio into a user set value.

Abstract: A power supply for plural loads coupled in parallel comprises a voltage regulator, a plurality of current regulators, and an error control circuit. The voltage regulator provides a common output voltage to the plural loads. The voltage regulator comprises a sensor circuit providing a voltage sense signal corresponding to the output voltage, which provides feedback to regulate the output voltage at a selected level. The plurality of current regulators are coupled to respective ones of the plural loads. Each of the plurality of current regulators regulates current drawn by respective ones of the plural loads to within a desired regulation range. The plurality of current regulators each further provide a respective error signal corresponding to an ability to remain within the desired regulation range. The error control circuit is operatively coupled to the voltage regulator and to the plurality of current regulators.

Abstract: A lighting lamp 1 using LED lamps as a light source can include a delay circuit 5, a power supply control unit 6, and a timer circuit 7. The delay circuit 5 can be configured to cause the luminous intensity of the LED lamps to rise along a predetermined slope upon turning on the lighting lamp. The power supply control unit and the timer circuit can be configured to cause the luminous intensity of the LED lamps to fall along a predetermined slope which has an inflection point P at a predetermined time point along the slope.

Abstract: Standing-wave linear accelerators (linac) having a plurality of accelerating cavities and which do not have any auxiliary cavities are provided. Such linacs are useful for industrial applications such as radiography, cargo inspection and food sterilization, and also medical applications such as radiation therapy and imaging. In one embodiment, the linac includes an electron gun for generating an electron beam, and a plurality of accelerating cavities which accelerates the electron beam by applying electromagnetic fields generated by a microwave source. At least two adjacent accelerating cavities of the plurality of accelerating cavities are coupled together by at least one coupling iris. The electromagnetic fields resonate through the plurality of accelerating cavities, and the operating frequency of the electromagnetic fields is selected so that the linear accelerator is operating at a ?-mode or a mode close to the ?-mode.

Abstract: A method for controlling the operation of an electronically commutated motor (ECM) with an ECM control assembly is described. The method includes applying a single pulse width modulated (PWM) signal to a plurality of inputs of a power output module. The method also includes controlling the state of input/output (I/O) circuits to allow the PWM signal to pass through a respective one of the power output module inputs and into a respective winding of the ECM at a desired interval.

Abstract: A fan speed controlling system for a power supply comprises a fan having two pins and a voltage comparator connected to the fan. The voltage comparator comprises a first input terminal for receiving a first reference voltage controlled by an external temperature of the power supply and a second input terminal for receiving a second reference voltage controlled by an interior temperature of the power supply. The voltage comparator outputs a higher voltage of the first and second reference voltage to the fan via the two pins.

Abstract: An electric power steering device changes the non-continuous, non-linear component in the duty ratio of the PWM signal versus motor current generated during steering wheel handle return into linear characteristics to suppress noise and allow a smooth and natural feeling during steering wheel handling. The electric control circuit (13) provided a current reference value calculator (22A) to calculate Iref a current controller (22B) to obtain Vref2, a compensation adder (25) to obtain a duty D1, and a current discontinuity compensator (24) in order to obtain a duty D2. A motor drive circuit (35) including an H bridge circuit whose upper stage FET (1) is driven by the duty D1, and whose lower stage FED (3) paired with the upper stage FET (1), is driven by the duty D2 to allow forming a continuous linear duty ratio characteristic in the duty ratio of the PWM signal versus the motor current.

Abstract: In a method for controlling a robot arm, which is particularly suitable for use in medical applications, a robot arm (10) with a redundant number of joints is used. A torque acing in at least one joint (12a, 12b) is sensed. By means of a control device, the torque acting in this joint (12a, 12b) is controlled to become substantially 0.

Abstract: A robot controller system includes a robot including a first actuator and a second actuator, a main controller for driving the first actuator, and a sub-controller for driving the second actuator. The main controller includes an actuator controller for computing a target drive amount for the first actuator to generate first control data including the target drive amount for the first actuator and for computing a target drive amount for the second actuator to generate second control data including the target drive amount for the second actuator, a first actuator driver for generating a first drive signal based on the first control data and providing the first actuator with the first drive signal to drive the first actuator, and a first input/output unit providing the sub-controller with the second control data.

Abstract: For the active compensation of oscillations in a machine which processes printing material, a signal which contains an oscillation of the machine or of a part of the machine is measured and at least one counter torque is introduced into the machine to reduce the oscillation. At least one measure for a ratio between the amplitude of the uncompensated oscillation and the amplitude of the counter torque necessary for complete compensation is compared with a threshold value. The counter torque is determined in a first functional relationship with the oscillation if the measure is greater than the threshold value, and the counter torque is determined in a second functional relationship with the oscillation, if the measure is smaller than the threshold value. In the machine, a regulating device is operated in a first or second operating mode in dependence on the measure of the ratio.

Abstract: The invention applies to a vibrator comprising two pairs (A, B) of unbalanced rotors (10 to 13) driven in synchronous rotation by a first motor, and a second motor arranged to drive a phase shifter mechanism so as to adjust a phase difference between the first pair of rotors and the second pair of rotors; the system comprises: a sensor (C1) for sensing rotation of a rotor of the first pair of rotors; a sensor (C2) for sensing rotation of a rotor of the second pair of rotors, or for sensing the position of the phase shifter mechanism; means for controlling the rotation of the first motor as a function of the phase and the frequency of a force setpoint signal and as a function of the signals delivered by the sensors; and means for controlling the rotation of the second motor as a function of the phase, the frequency, and the amplitude of the force setpoint signal and as a function of the signals delivered by the sensors.

Abstract: A numerical control system with shortened communication paths to lower a cost of the system. A plurality of servo amplifiers for respectively controlling a plurality of servomotors are arranged separately from a numerical controller. Pulse encoders for detecting positions/velocities of the servomotors are connected to the numerical controller by optical cables forming a serial communication path in a daisy chain, via a branch unit. The servo amplifiers for driving the servomotors are connected to the numerical controller by optical cables in a daisy chain, via the branch unit. Since the communication path for transmitting signals from the pulse encoders connects the pulse encoders and the numerical controller without the servo amplifiers intervened in between, the communication path is not elongated even in a case of the servo amplifiers are located remote from the servomotors, to construct the system with a low cost.

Abstract: A system for correcting skew of a web of material being fed through a machine includes first and second pinch assemblies placed at a distance transversely to a direction of feeding. First and second stepper motors drive the first and second pinch assemblies, respectively. A control provides first and second pulse trains to drive the first and second stepper motors, respectively. A device determines a value for the skew of the web of material. A method for controlling the system includes establishing first and second corrective pulse train sections for the first and second stepper motors, respectively, in accordance with a determined skew value, and providing first and second pulse trains for driving the first and second stepper motors, respectively.

Abstract: The invention relates to a three-phase asynchronous electric motor for domestic appliances, comprising power elements, such as traics or relays, for charge control. The power elements other than the relays are controlled by at least one microcontroller with the aid of an optical insulation means, ensuring electronic programming and also control of the motor with the aid of a command. The microcontroller or microcontrollers are references to a zero potential of a recovery and filter block feeding the motor. The controller can be applied to a washing machine in order to control the electric motor which rotationally drives the drum.

Abstract: A driving apparatus of a synchronous motor fixes all the switching devices of an inverter at OFF in accordance with a value of an all-OFF control pulse signal outputted by a pulse generator. A motor current keeps flowing through free wheel diodes for a predetermined period even after all the switching devices shift to the OFF state. Therefore, pulse generator changes an induced voltage detection signal to an H (high) level after the passage of the time in which a motor current drops down to zero. A terminal voltage of the motor is taken in to acquire an induced voltage and a rotor position is estimated.

Abstract: As a boosting-type motor driving device using no reactor, a motor driving device capable of controlling boosting operation and motor driving at the same time is provided, and an automobile using the motor driving device is also provided. The motor driving device is used for driving a motor with a double-winding structure having a first set of three-phase windings and a second set of three-phase winding which are wound over a stator, and includes first and second inverters, which are connected respectively to the first set of three-phase windings and the second set of three-phase windings, thereby controlling the first and second inverters to control a driving force of the motor with the double-winding structure. The first and second inverters have positive and negative terminals which are connected respectively in common to a high-voltage battery.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for power control by phase gating of an AC voltage, which supplies an electrical load (14), and for reduction of harmonics which are created by the phase gating, in particular up to a region of 4 kHz, preferably in the region of the third harmonic, having a first circuit element (12) (TRIAC) which is connected in series with the load (14) and is driven by a control device (20) in order to carry out phase gating. The apparatus is distinguished in that a second circuit element (34) is provided in series with a resistance element (32), with the series circuit being arranged in parallel with the first circuit element (12) and with the control device (20) being designed such that it drives the second circuit element (34) shortly before the first circuit element (12) and switches it to the on state for a short time period. The invention also relates to a method for harmonic reduction in the range up to 4 kHz, preferably of the third harmonic, for power control by phase gating.

Abstract: High power density generators are formed with a flexible multi-layered structure. The structure includes a fuel layer with a separate fuel cell stack adjacent to each side of the fuel layer. The structure can be flexible and formed into a variety of shapes.

Abstract: An electrode power supply for an electrochemical ion exchange cell having an ion exchange membrane between a pair of electrodes, has a voltage selector to receive an AC voltage and selectively couple the AC voltage to a voltage supply. The voltage supply produces an output voltage from the AC voltage. A zero crossing detector detects zero-crossing events in the AC voltage and produce an indication related to the zero-crossing events. The selective coupling of the voltage selector is enabled based on the indication of the zero-crossing events.

Abstract: A battery charger for charging two different types of rechargeable battery pack. A first type of battery pack comprises two electrical terminals and a second type of battery pack comprises a plug and lead type electrical connector. A first socket is provided in a housing for receiving the first type of battery pack, the first socket including contact points for electrical connection of the terminals of the first type of battery pack to the battery charger. A second socket in the housing includes contact points for electrical connection of the plug and lead type connector of the second type of battery pack to the battery charger. The battery charger further comprises AC connectors for connecting the battery charger to an AC electrical power supply outlet. The battery charger has a circuit board having first and second DC electrical circuits for providing power to the battery pack and a switch for activating one of the circuits.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, the first power supply circuit of a main unit includes a first recharging controller which sets a first battery at a first voltage, and is powered by a second voltage applied by an AC adaptor and higher than the first voltage, and first system power supply which is powered by the AC adaptor or first battery, and applies a third voltage lower than the first voltage. The second power supply circuit of an auxiliary unit includes a second recharging controller and second system power supply. The second recharging controller sets a second battery at a fourth voltage applied by the first system power supply and lower than the third voltage, and is powered by the third voltage when the auxiliary unit is attached to the main unit. The second system power supply is powered by the first system power supply or second battery.

Abstract: A stacked battery module or a battery pack is formed by laying a plurality of unit batteries of non-aqueous electrolyte batteries in layers with the surfaces thereof having a large area disposed vis-à-vis and electrically connecting them in series and a temperature fuse is arranged in the central part of the stacked battery module with one of its terminals connected to either the positive electrode terminal or the negative electrode terminal of the stacked battery module while the other terminal connected to a charging terminal for supplying a charging current in a charging operation. One of the terminals of the stacked battery module is connected to a discharging terminal for taking out a discharging current in a discharging operation and the other terminal of the stacked battery module is a common terminal for charging and discharging operations.

Abstract: A battery-operated screwdriver, having a housing (12, 18) with a handle (14), in particular bent at an angle like a pistol grip, with a preferably fixedly installed rechargeable battery (40), and with charge contact tongues (37) for charging the battery (4) on a charger shell (22), is always ready for use and available by quick, simple access to the tool insert and screwdriver bit, because its battery (40) is designed as a lithium ion cell (Li ion cell) and can be placed in a chronologically undefined way, particularly in intervals between uses, on a charger shell (22), and the charging mode can be produced automatically, and the charger shell (22) has a detachably securable, magazinelike bit holder (99), with a plurality of compartments into which screwdriver bits (20) can be inserted.

Abstract: A portable electronic device and a method to protect the portable electronic device from a battery bounce are provided. The portable electronic device (100) can comprise a free-fall condition sensor (105) enabled to detect a pre-battery bounce condition in the portable electronic device and a processor (110) coupled to the free-fall condition sensor (105). The processor (110), in response to a detection of the pre-battery bounce condition by the free-fall condition sensor (105), can be programmed to place the portable electronic device (100) in a pre-battery bounce setting. The method can include detecting a pre-battery bounce condition in the portable electronic device (405) and in response to the detection of the pre-battery bounce condition (405), placing the portable electronic device in a pre-battery bounce setting (410).

Abstract: The battery control device includes: a state detecting means which acts by receiving electric power from an on-vehicle low-voltage battery having a supply voltage lower than that of an on-vehicle high-voltage battery composed of a plurality of unit cells connected together in series and detects a state of the on-vehicle high-voltage battery to monitor the on-vehicle high-voltage battery; an equalizing means for equalizing a voltage of each unit cell; and a control means which acts by receiving electric power from the on-vehicle low-voltage battery and starts to control the equalizing means in response to turning-off of an ignition switch, wherein the control means cuts electric power supply supplied from the on-vehicle low-voltage battery to the state detecting means after the turning-off of the ignition switch and before the control means starts to control the equalizing means.

Abstract: An ECU performs a program. In the program, in the case where a converter is performing an operation for increasing a voltage (i.e., YES in step S 102), when a difference between an estimated battery voltage VBE and a battery voltage VB has continued to be large (i.e., YES in step S 104), the ECU tentatively determines that a battery voltage sensor is abnormal (S 106), and stops voltage increasing control for the converter (S 108). If an absolute value of a difference between a battery voltage and an output side voltage is large (i.e., YES in step S 110), a difference A which is an absolute value between an estimated battery voltage and a battery voltage, and a difference B which is an absolute value between the estimated battery voltage and an output side voltage are calculated (S 112). If a value obtained by subtracting the difference B from the difference A has continued to be large (i.e., YES in step S 114), it is determined that the battery voltage sensor is abnormal (S 116).

Abstract: Provided are a charging control apparatus and method of a mobile terminal, capable of charging a battery at different charging current rates according to a charging mode of an input power. The charging control apparatus includes: a battery; an external port connector configured to receive power of an external port or adaptor through a single source power rail; a voltage detector configured to detect a voltage inputted through the external port connector and a voltage of the battery; a microcontroller configured to change a charging current rate using the detected input voltage and the detected battery voltage; and a charging unit configured to control a charging of the battery according to the varied charging current rate.

Abstract: A driver circuit including first and second transistors between a first power source and a second power source, third and fourth transistors between the second power source and a third power source supplying a third voltage, a first charging power source between the first power source and the first and second transistors, a first charging path between the first power source and the first charging power source, a second charging power source between the third power source and the second transistors, a second charging path between the third power source and the second charging power source, a fifth transistor between the first electrodes and the first charging path and the first charging power source, a sixth transistor between the first electrodes and the second charging path and the second charging power source, an inductor having a first terminal coupled to the first electrodes, and a path separator.

Abstract: A system, a method, and an article of manufacture for determining an estimated battery parameter vector indicative of a parameter of a battery are provided. The method determines a first estimated battery parameter vector indicative of a parameter of the battery at a first predetermined time based on a plurality of predicted battery parameter vectors, a plurality of predicted battery output vectors, and a first battery output vector.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of measuring an intrinsic resistance of a battery at a low rate discharge and an apparatus of the same.

Abstract: The present invention provides a power converter for recreational vehicle (RV) batteries that uses time and ambient temperature to control output voltage. By employing a remote temperature sensor attached to the battery post, temperature information is sent to an output voltage control circuit in the power converter. When the power converter is powered up an internal timing circuit increases the output voltage by a preset amount for a timed period for rapid charging but is also adjusted to predetermined temperature curve controlled by the remote temperature sensor to prevent overcharge. The output voltage is held at the increased value until the internal timing circuit times out and the output voltage is reduced (setback) to the float voltage determined by the remote temperature sensor.

Abstract: A locomotive, a battery system and a method for monitoring a battery are provided. The battery has a first plurality of cells electrically coupled in series to one another. The first plurality of cells includes a second plurality of cells and a third plurality of cells electrically coupled together at a node. The method includes calculating a first number of failed cells in the first plurality cells. The method further includes calculating a second number of failed cells in the second plurality cells and a third number of failed cells in the third plurality cells.

Abstract: A controller for a rechargeable battery and a temperature estimation method and a deterioration determination method for a rechargeable battery enabling an accurate battery temperature to be obtained through calculation. The controller calculates a heat generation amount of Joule heat generated in the rechargeable battery and a heat generation amount of chemical reaction heat generated in the rechargeable battery to calculate the battery temperature of the rechargeable battery based on the calculated Joule heat generation amount and the calculated chemical reaction heat generation amount. When a cooling device is connected to the rechargeable battery, the controller preferably calculates the battery temperature of the rechargeable battery using the Joule heat generation amount, the chemical reaction heat generation amount, and a value indicating the cooling capability of the cooling device.

Abstract: A cooperative control apparatus calculates the total electric load amount of a plurality of electrical loads (W), determines working states of the electrical loads (W), calculates a projected value of the total electrical load amount after a prescribed time, and effects cooperative control of the electrical loads (W) so that the total electrical load amount can be made lower than the threshold value in a case in which the projected value is larger than a threshold value for switching a generation mode of a generator (6) and is in a prescribed range.

Abstract: The disclosed technology is a cryogenic static exciter. The cryogenic static exciter is connected to a synchronous electric machine that has a field winding. The synchronous electric machine is cooled via a refrigerator or cryogen like liquid nitrogen. The static exciter is in communication with the field winding and is operating at ambient temperature. The static exciter receives cooling from a refrigerator or cryogen source, which may also service the synchronous machine, to selected areas of the static exciter and the cooling selectively reduces the operating temperature of the selected areas of the static exciter.

Abstract: A power-supply device comprising such marginal check voltage setting circuit that is easily adaptable to downsizing of the device and to configuration using ICs. The power-supply device of this invention comprises a marginal check voltage setting circuit that accepts input of a reference voltage and sets a desired marginal check voltage, an error amplifier that accepts input of the marginal check voltage and also the output voltage of the power-supply device and delivers output of an error signal, that is, the difference between the two inputs, a pulse width modulation oscillator that modulates the pulse width of the output from the error amplifier, a driver circuit that generates driving signal from the pulse signal originating from the pulse width modulation oscillator, and a pair of power semiconductor switching devices that work to step down the input voltage and generate an output voltage based on the driving signal.

Abstract: Switching elements M1, M2, M3 are connected in series between the positive and negative lines carrying DC current supplied through a rectifier circuit 2 from an AC power supply 1 or directly supplied from a DC power source. The switching elements M1, M2, M3 are on/off controlled by a high-frequency signal. An inductor L1 and a capacitor C1 are inserted between a connection node a and a load terminal c. An inductor L2 and a capacitor C2 are inserted between a connection node b and a load terminal d. The phases of on/off of the switching elements M1, M3 are the same, and the phase of on/off of the switching element M2 is opposite to them. Without using any transformer, not only insulation against DC but insulation against AC is adequately ensured.

Abstract: A pulse signal drive circuit includes an energy storage device. A source of energy supplies a substantially constant flow of energy to the energy storage device. A switch circuit draws repetitive pulses of substantially constant energy from the energy storage device to generate corresponding pulse drive signals.