Abstract: A method of manufacturing a display device includes forming a thin film transistor on an insulating substrate, forming an electrode which is electrically connected with the thin film transistor, forming a wall which surrounds the electrode, supplying a first solvent to the electrode that is surrounded by the wall, and supplying ink which comprises an organic material and a second solvent to the electrode which has previously received the first solvent. Thus, the manufacturing method produces a display device which has a uniform organic layer.

Abstract: There are provided a composite oxide of triclinic crystal system comprising zinc and tungsten, and a production method thereof. Further, there is provided a light-emitting material comprising the composite oxide of triclinic crystal system comprising zinc and tungsten.

Abstract: A halogenated bisdiarylaminopolycyclic aromatic compound, polymers made therefrom, and polymeric light emitting diode devices using the polymers are described. The halogenated compound is represented by formula (I), wherein Ar and Ar? are each independently substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups and Z is a polycyclic arylene group, wherein at least one of the Ar? groups is a haloaryl group. Devices using polymers prepared from the halogenated compound exhibit improved performance and longer lifetime, presumably as a result of the presence of the geometrically constrained diarylaminopolycyclic aromatic groups in the polymer backbone.

Abstract: A dual emission display includes a first substrate whose upper surface has a first organic light emitting diode, a second substrate whose lower surface has a second organic light emitting diode, and the second substrate is on the first substrate. A stress buffer layer fills the gap between the first substrate and the second substrate, and is used to package the first organic light emitting diode to the first substrate and to package the second organic light emitting diode to the second substrate.

Abstract: An organic light-emitting device, comprising a substrate; an anode and a cathode; a first hole-transport layer provided over the anode and having at least a first material; a second hole-transport layer provided over the first hole-transport layer, and having at least a second material; at least one light-emitting layer disposed over the second hole-transport layer wherein the light-emitting layer(s) includes a host, a dopant, and a hole-trapping material; an improved electron-transport layer disposed between the light-emitting layer(s) and the cathode.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent device comprising a substrate is provided. An anode is disposed on the substrate. A first hole injection layer of fluorocarbon polymer is disposed on the anode. A second hole injection layer comprising a p-type dopant is disposed on the first hole injection layer. An electroluminescent layer is disposed on the second hole injection layer. A cathode is disposed on the electroluminescent layer.

Abstract: A dual emission display includes a substrate whose upper surface has a first organic light emitting diode, and whose lower surface has a second organic light emitting diode. The first organic light emitting diode and the second organic light emitting diode are respectively covered by a first protecting layer and a second protecting layer to isolate moisture and oxygen.

Abstract: Provided is a white organic light emitting device (OLED), including: a first electrode formed on a substrate; a hole transport layer formed on the first electrode; an emission layer formed on the hole transport layer; an electron transport layer formed on the emission layer; and an color control layer formed on at least one of the hole transport layer, the emission layer and the electron transport layer, and emitting green and/or red by energy transfer from the emission layer. The white OLED emits red, green and blue light with high efficiency, has excellent color reproducibility and a high color reproduction index.

Abstract: Provided is a light emitting material in which: a light emitting layer comprising a columnar part of which a cross-sectional shape is column such as cylindrical column, and a light emitting part of which a cross-sectional shape is cone or pyramid; and light generated in the light emitting part is extracted outside through the columnar part. The light emitting material allows light to be efficiently extracted to the outside to improve luminance.

Abstract: An organic EL display includes an organic EL element which includes first and second electrodes and an active layer interposed therebetween and including an emitting layer, and an outcoupling layer facing the first electrode. The organic EL element forms a waveguide layer which includes the first electrode and the active layer and in which light components from the emitting layer propagate in an in-plane direction while causing multiple-beam interference. A distance between the outcoupling layer and the waveguide layer is shorter than a wavelength of light from the organic EL element. A guide length x, a number of reflection m, an absorption coefficient ?, and an outcoupling efficiency ? satisfy a relationship represented by an inequality: ? ? ? M = 1 m ? ( 1 - ? ) M - 1 exp ? { ? ? ( 2 ? M - 1 ) ? x } > 0.1 .

Abstract: A display includes a light-emitting element which includes a back electrode, a front electrode facing the back electrode, and an active layer interposed therebetween and including an emitting layer, and a light-scattering layer which is placed on a front side of the front electrode. The light-emitting element forms at least a portion of a microcavity structure. A forward-scattered light is greater in luminous energy than a back-scattered light when the light-scattering layer is irradiated with light from the microcavity structure.

Abstract: An encapsulation structure of double sided organic light emitting device (OLED) comprises a first substrate and a second substrate disposed oppositely; a first organic light emitting device (OLED) disposed on the first substrate; a second OLED disposed on the second substrate; a supporter disposed between the first OLED and the second OLED; and at least a moisture absorption layer disposed at the supporter for absorbing moisture inside the encapsulation structure.

Abstract: A dual emission display includes a substrate, a first light emitter, a second light emitter and a cap. The two light emitters are disposed on the substrate. The first light emitter has a first light-emitting direction. The second light emitter is adjacent to the first light emitter, and has a second light-emitting direction. The cap is located on the first emitter and the second emitter, and is separated from one of the first emitter and the second emitter by a distance ranging from about 1 ?m to 100 ?m.

Abstract: A light emitting device, comprises a light emitting element, a plurality of electroconductive layers on which said light emitting element is mounted or which are electrically connected to the light emitting element, and a translucent insulating member that seals the light emitting element and has the electroconductive layers as its bottom surface, wherein the electroconductive layers have a protrusion on part of their side faces, and the upper edges of the protrusion is rounded off.

Abstract: An electroluminescent display apparatus, including a substrate having a scale pattern, a display unit, a sealing substrate affixed to the substrate to enclose the display unit therebetween, and a sealant disposed on the scale pattern between the substrate and the sealing substrate.

Abstract: A top emission organic EL display includes an array substrate including an insulating substrate, organic EL elements which are arranged on a main surface of the insulating substrate, and an outcoupling layer which extracts light components propagating in in-plane direction while causing multiple-beam interference from the organic EL element to make the light components travel in front of the organic EL element, and a sealing substrate facing and spaced apart from the organic EL elements. The display forms an enclosed space filled with an inert gas or evacuated between the sealing substrate and an element portion of the array substrate corresponding to the organic EL element. A distance between the element portion and the sealing substrate is 100 nm or longer.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a Plasma Display Panel (PDP) that adopts a moisture-proof structure to protect the adhesive portions of connection pads for driving electrodes. The PDP includes a front panel, a rear panel, a group of electrodes, and a plurality of conductive pads. The group of electrodes are each configured to have a predetermined first line width and are formed on at least one of the front panel and the rear panel. The conductive pads are configured to allow the group of electrodes to be electrically connected with the corresponding electrodes, and are each configured to have a second line width greater than the first line width. The structure of the PDP can effectively protect an overall panel pad from external moisture.

Abstract: A small-sized full HD plasma display device with high luminance is to be provided. The plasma display device according to the present invention comprises: first and second substrates; first and second electrodes formed on the first substrate so as to generate sustain discharge on the first substrate; and third electrodes formed on the second substrate so as to generate address discharge with the second electrodes, wherein the first to third electrodes form one pixel including cells of R, G and B, display of 1920×1080 pixels can be made, a length of a diagonal line of a display screen is shorter than 132 cm, an interlace drive is used, almost half of the third electrodes are connected to a drive circuit from an upper side of a panel, and the rest of the third electrodes are connected to the drive circuit from a lower side of the panel.

Abstract: Disclosed is a plasma display panel with improved discharge characteristics. The plasma display panel comprises an upper panel and a lower panel integrally joined to the upper panel through barrier ribs wherein the upper panel includes a dielectric layer, a first protective film formed on one surface of the dielectric layer and composed of columnar magnesium oxide crystal particles, and a second protective film formed on the first protective film and composed of hexahedral magnesium oxide crystal particles.

Abstract: In a flat display device having a pair of substrates for defining a gas discharge space in which a gas used to generate discharge luminance is sealed, means for absorbing or reflecting near infrared rays is included.

Abstract: In an ionizer, in which an electrode cartridge having a pair of electrodes is mounted in an electrode-attaching opening of a housing so as to be freely attached and detached by means of rotating the same around a center axial line, a drop-off prevention cover is attached to the housing. In the drop-off prevention cover, a fitting hole, to which the electrode cartridge is fitted, is formed, and by means of limiting a rotation of the electrode cartridge by the fitting hole, the electrode cartridge is prevented from dropping off.

Abstract: In a plasma display device, first and second transistors are coupled between a first power source for supplying a first voltage and a second power source for supplying a second voltage lower than the first voltage. First and second capacitors are coupled between the first power source and a second terminal of the first transistor, and a voltage corresponding to a difference between the first voltage and the second voltage is divided and charged by the first and second capacitors. Third and fourth capacitors are coupled between the second power source and a first terminal of the second transistor, and a voltage corresponding to a difference between the first voltage and the second voltage is divided and charged by the third and fourth capacitors.

Abstract: An inductive power supply system for providing power to one or more inductively powered devices. The system includes a mechanism for varying the physical distance or the respective orientation between the primary coil and secondary coil to control the amount of power supplied to the inductively powered device. In another aspect, the present invention is directed to an inductive power supply system having a primary coil and a receptacle disposed within the magnetic field generated by the primary coil. One or more inductively powered devices are placed randomly within the receptacle to receive power inductively from the primary coil. The power supply circuit includes circuitry for adjusting the power supplied to the primary coil to optimize operation based on the position and cumulative characteristics of the inductively powered device(s) disposed within the receptacle.

Abstract: A power supply circuit for a dimmer switching device includes a voltage doubler circuit, a filter circuit, a switching power supply, and a linear regulator circuit. In one embodiment, the voltage doubler circuit includes a first stage having a first capacitor and a first diode, and a second stage having a second capacitor and a second diode. The switching power supply may include a feedback circuit, and may be a non-isolated power supply. In an embodiment, the dimmer device is variable between an OFF position and a full ON position, and the circuit is effective to provide power for operation of the switching power supply while the dimmer device is in the full ON position.

Abstract: A backlight control circuit (300) used in a liquid crystal display includes a startup circuit (330), and a pulse width modulation integrated circuit (320). The startup circuit includes a charging terminal, a first capacitor (331) connected between the charging terminal and ground, a second capacitor (332), and a current limiting resistor (333). The second capacitor and the current limiting resistor are connected in series between ground and the charging terminal. The pulse width modulation integrated circuit includes an inspecting pin (321) connected to the charging terminal of the startup circuit. The pulse width modulation integrated circuit generates a startup pulse signal before a voltage of the inspecting pin is higher than a predetermined threshold voltage.

Abstract: A programmable wallbox dimmer is disclosed. Upon entering a programming mode, the dimmer presents a main menu from which the user may select one or more features to program. The user may scroll through a list of programmable features by actuating the dimmer's raise/lower intensity actuator. The user may select a highlighted feature by actuating the dimmer's control switch. The dimmer may enter a value selection mode that is associated with the selected feature. In the value selection mode, the user may scroll through a list of features that define the selected feature by actuating the dimmer's raise/lower intensity actuator. The user may select a value for the selected feature. The selected value may be stored in the dimmer's memory.

Abstract: A power system for driving a plurality of lamps includes a transformer circuit, a current balancing circuit, and a light source. The transformer circuit includes a plurality of transformers in a quantity denoted by N, and each of the transformers has a first, a second, a third, and a fourth output ends. The current balancing circuit includes a plurality of current balancing units each having two output ends. The 2Nth current balancing unit is connected to a fourth output end of the Nth transformer, and the (2N?1 )th current balancing unit is connected to a first output end of the Nth transformer. The light source has a plurality of lamps each having one end connected to a respective output end of the current balancing units and another end grounded. The numbers of the current balancing units and the lamps are respectively twice and four times the quantity N of the transformers.

Abstract: In an inverter circuit for a backlight assembly, a first sinusoidal voltage and a second sinusoidal voltage having an opposite polarity to that of the first sinusoidal voltage are applied across terminals of 2n CCFLs. Each of respective primary coils of n first balance transformers are connected in series with corresponding first terminals of a first set of n CCFLs from the 2n CCFLs. Each of respective primary coils of n second balance transformers are connected in series with corresponding first terminals of a second set of n CCFLs from the 2n CCFLs. The secondary coils of the first balance transformers and the secondary coils of the second balance transformers are connected in series with each other to form a loop. Accordingly, the backlight assembly makes it easy to troubleshoot a failure in the CCFLs.

Abstract: A lamp ballast for operating a high intensity discharge lamp includes an electronic ballast circuit to supply an operating voltage to the discharge lamp, and an igniter circuit to supply starting pulses to the discharge lamp in a cold state and to supply hot restrike pulses to the discharge lamp when the discharge lamp is in a hot state following turn-off. The hot restrike pulses are sufficient to maintain ionization in the discharge lamp but do not cause the discharge lamp to generate substantial light output.

Abstract: Disclosed is a power supply device driving lamp(s). An electrical isolation driver generates at least one switch signal according to at least one control signal. The control signal and the switch signal are electrically isolated from each other. A switch unit receives a voltage from a DC power source and switches the voltage to an oscillation signal. An electrical isolation transformer has a primary side and a secondary side. The primary side is coupled to the switch unit and receives the oscillation signal. The secondary side outputs an operating signal to drive the lamp. A controller generates the control signal according to a feedback signal indicating the electrical states of the lamp. The DC power source, the switch unit, and the primary side are coupled to a first ground. The secondary side and the controller are coupled to a second ground.

Abstract: A controller for a driving circuit of power source comprises a frequency generator, a pulse width modulator, and a driving device. The frequency generator comprises a latch circuit. The frequency generator provides a pulse signal at a first frequency after the controller is started. After the frequency generator receives an indicating signal, the frequency generator changes the frequency of pulse signal from the first frequency to a second frequency and locks the frequency of pulse signal at the second frequency. The pulse width modulator provides a PWM signal according to the pulse signal and a feedback signal which indicates a status of electric power supply of the driving circuit. The driving device controls semiconductor switches according to the PWM signal.

Abstract: A computing circuit computes a target value of a current to be supplied to a discharge lamp and generates a pulse control signal for superpose a pulse current. Furthermore, the computing circuit controls a current control circuit so that a pulse current is superposed on a lamp current at a predetermined cycle and power supplied to the discharge lamp is kept constant. For that purpose, the computing circuit lowers a DC current level of the lamp current when a pulse current is superposed on the lamp current, and exercises control so that an integrated amount of power at a predetermined cycle is equalized to a predetermined integrated amount of power.

Abstract: A driver control circuit and method for a cold cathode fluorescent lamp (CCFL), that the driver control circuit comprises: at least a comparator; at least an input/output port, at least an analog-to-digital converter; at least two programmable pulse generators (PPGs), including a first programmable pulse generator and a second programmable pulse generator, i.e. PPG0 and PPG1, being activated for generating pulse signals in an alternative manner for driving the CCFL; at least a programmable frequency divider (PFD), capable of programming the output thereof to be used as the control signal for activating the PPG0 and the PPG1 according to the alternative manner defined by the transition frequency of the PFD.

Abstract: An LED driving circuit includes an LED, a current source, a comparator and a voltage converter. A first end of the current source is coupled to a first end of the LED. The comparator includes a first input end coupled to a reference voltage and a second input end coupled to the first end of the current source. The comparator generates a control voltage at an output end based on voltage levels of the first end of the current source and the reference voltage. The voltage converter includes a first input end coupled to an input voltage, a control end coupled to the output end of the comparator, and an output end coupled to a second end of the LED. The voltage converter generates an adaptive regulated voltage by comparing the voltage level of the first end of the current source with the reference voltage.

Abstract: This method for supplying electrical power to a DC supply bus of a rotating electric motor of an electric vehicle comprises, when the bus is supplied with electrical power from a second catenary: a step (84) for controlling the closure of a precharge switch in order to connect the bus to a first terminal by way of the same current limitation means which is also used when electrical power is supplied from a first catenary which supplies a higher voltage than that supplied by the second catenary, a step (90) for controlling the rectifier/booster in order to rectify and increase the alternating voltage supplied by the first terminal and supply the bus with the voltage which has been rectified and increased in this manner, then a step (92) for disconnecting the bus from the first terminal and a step (94) for controlling the closure of a second isolating switch in order to connect the bus to the second terminal without passing via the precharge circuit.

Abstract: A motor drive device, for driving an electric motor having a bearing for rotatably supporting an output shaft, has a drive circuit which drives the motor when a voltage level at a signal input terminal of the drive circuit becomes greater than a threshold value. The voltage level at the signal input terminal becomes greater than the threshold value for a certain period when a power switch is turned on or off.

Abstract: A manually operated brushless DC motor is disclosed herein, which is an educational electric motor and can overcome the shortcoming hard to visualize the movement of a motor due to the high-speed rotation of the motor. The manually operated brushless DC motor according to the present invention provides two switches to replace the brushes used in a conventional motor. Users/learners have to alternatively press the switches to complete a closed circuit and drive the motor to rotate. Only when the rotor rotates in synchronism with the pressing rate of the switches, the rotor accelerates. Otherwise the rotation speed of the rotor decreases. The manually operated brushless DC motor provides the users/learners with the opportunity of viewing the rotor rotating in a slow motion, and the experience of manually operating the motor.

Abstract: A method for controlling the operation of an electronically commutated motor (ECM) is described. The method includes providing a pulse width modulated signal to an ECM controller and adjusting a duty cycle of the pulse width modulated signal to cause the ECM controller to regulate at least one of a maximum current drawn by the ECM and an average voltage applied to the ECM.

Abstract: A fan system and a stopping method for the fan system are provided. The fan system is electrically connected to a power supply and receives the power therefrom. The fan system includes an energy storage apparatus, a motor and a start-up device. The energy storage apparatus receives and stores the power. The motor is electrically connected to the energy storage apparatus and receives the power. The driver is coupled between the energy storage apparatus and the motor to form a control path and generates a driving signal to the motor according to received power. The start-up device is coupled between the energy storage apparatus and the motor to form a power path therewith. When no power is provided to the fan system, the energy storage apparatus releases the stored power and the start-up device generates a start-up signal to the motor in accordance with the released power so as to form a short-circuit loop in the motor to stop the motor.

Abstract: A regenerative braking method for a vehicle having an electric motor. During an initial stage of a regenerative braking operation related to the vehicle having the electric motor, a flow rate of brake liquid as much as the amount of regenerative braking is delivered into a reservoir through opened exit valves of non-driving wheels, so as to generate a hydraulic braking force needed after subtracting the amount of regenerative braking from the amount of braking desired by a vehicle operator. When the amount of regenerative braking increases, exit valves of driving wheels are controlled to fulfill the total amount of braking desired by the vehicle operator. Also, when the amount of regenerative braking decreases, wheel pressures have to be increased to fulfill the vehicle operator's desire to brake.

Abstract: A reverse current detection unit detects the direction of the motor current during the synchronous rectifier period based on the polarity of the on voltage of a switching device contained in the motor current path, and outputs a reverse current detection signal representing the result of this detection to the PWM control unit. Change in the output of the PWM control unit that generates the drive signal for a particular switching device in the drive unit is controlled based on the reverse current detection signal and the energizing pattern of the drive unit is changed when motor current is detected in the synchronous rectifier period to be flowing in the opposite direction as in the urging period. The flow of motor current to the power supply is thus reduced and a rise in the power supply voltage can be prevented.

Abstract: A rise in the power supply voltage as a result of a sudden speed reducing command causing the motor current to flow to the power supply is prevented. The motor drive device has a drive signal generating unit for generating a drive signal by an energizing control unit, PWM control unit, and oscillation unit; a drive unit for producing drive power to drive the motor based on the drive signal; a torque control signal generating unit for generating a torque control signal specifying the motor torque; a speed detection unit for detecting the rotational speed of the motor and generating a rotational speed signal denoting motor speed information; and a decision unit for generating a speed difference detection signal denoting the difference between the torque control signal and the rotational speed signal. The drive signal generating unit is controlled based on the speed difference detection signal.

Abstract: In a control apparatus for an electric vehicle, an input power operation quantity that reduces the difference between a target value of a system voltage and a detected value of the voltage is computed, and a duty ratio of a rectangular waveform applied to an inverter is set at a value that changes the input power of a MG unit by the input power operation quantity. The phase of the rectangular waveform is set at a value that suppresses torque variations caused by the duty ratio as variations of a torque generated by the AC motor. 3-phase voltage command signals are computed on the basis of the phase and the duty ratio and supplied to the inverter. In this way, variations in system voltage can be suppressed by controlling the input power of the AC motor, while sustaining the torque generated by the AC motor unchanged.

Abstract: A method and circuit for detecting the position of the movable element of an electrically commutated machine. The method and apparatus allow detection of the back electromagnetic force (BEMF) waveform with all legs of the machine energized by mathematically removing the applied voltage from the measured voltage across the phases.

Abstract: A control system for a mobile robot is provided with a base body 53 and a plurality of link mechanisms 52 and 54 connected thereto. A sensor 90 for detecting external forces is provided on a predetermined portion (knee) between the base body 53 and a distal portion (foot) 58 of the link mechanism (leg) 52. In a motion posture in which a robot 61 has a predetermined portion (knee) in contact with the ground, the displacement of at least a joint 55 between the base body 53 and the predetermined portion (knee) is controlled so as to bring an external force (floor reaction force) detected by the sensor 90 close to a desired external force. In a state wherein a portion other than a distal portion of a leg or arm of the robot 61 is in contact with a floor or the like and subject to an external force, the external force acting on the portion other than the distal portion of the leg or arm is properly controlled, thereby maintaining a stable posture of the robot 61.

Abstract: A different adaptive control method is used to control a motor during each of two or more phases of motor operation. Thus, in a first phase of motor operation the motor is controlled using a first adaptive control method, in a second phase of motor operation the motor is controlled using a second adaptive control method, and so forth. The motor can be controlled in this manner in any number of phases, in which the motor is used for any of a number of corresponding purposes. The method used in each phase can be optimized to suit that type of operation without compromising operation during other phases.

Abstract: A positioning device for positioning a positioning element has a motor (18) that drives the positioning element (10) and has a measuring device that directly measures the positioning travel of the positioning element for controlling the motor (18). For this, a traction cable (32) is joined to the positioning element and is wound onto a drum (36). For measuring the positioning travel of the positioning element, the rotational position of the drum (36) is measured by means of an encoder (42).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a control method for a synchronous electric motor with permanent-magnet rotor, particularly for fluid circulation pumps in conditioning systems and/or household appliances, wherein the application of predetermined voltage values to each of the windings (L1, L2) of the motor is provided, by means of a converter control circuit (10). The method provides a continuous measure of the amplitude of the bus (Vr) ripple and a comparison with a reference value, for example with respect to an average bus voltage level. According to the comparison result the motor is driven by means of a variation of the winding voltage having an sinusoidal wave form.

Abstract: A vector controller for a permanent magnet synchronous motor uses current command values and detected currents of the d-axis and q-axis, a calculated frequency, and motor constant settings to control the output voltage of a power converter; the motor constants are identified by use of active or reactive power obtained from the output voltage and detected current of the power converter, the calculated frequency, and the detected current immediately before or during an actual operation.

Abstract: This invention provides a motor control apparatus and vehicle steering apparatus capable of determining whether the motor control CPU is normal or abnormal with an inexpensive structure.