Abstract: Engaging portions 132c, each of which is engaged with a slider gear, are made of an iron based material, and coupler shafts 132d are made of an aluminum alloy material that is the same material as that of a cylinder head. Therefore, compared to a case where the control shaft 132 is entirely made of an iron based material, the thermal expansion coefficient of the control shaft 132 is closer to that of the cylinder head. Therefore, even if the ambient temperature changes, the position of each engaging portion 132c relative to the cylinder head is prevented from being displaced. Also, since the engaging portions 132c are made of an iron based material, the engaging portions 132c have a sufficient strength, which prevents the control shaft 132 from being deformed.

Abstract: To provide a variable valve operating device that can swiftly adjust a valve timing of an engine, the variable valve operating device is for adjusting a valve lift and the valve timing of the engine. The variable valve operating device includes a rocking cam 27 which is rocked by cams 21 provided on a rotatable cam shaft 19, a rocking cam support member 25 that rockably supports the rocking cam 27, a valve 5 which is opened and closed by a rocking motion of the rocking cam 27, a rocking position changing unit 35 that moves the rocking cam support member 25 to change a lever ratio of the rocking cam 27 and that changes a rocking position of the rocking cam 27, and a lock unit 37 that can fix the rocking cam support member 25 so as not to move during a valve-opening period of the valve 5. The lock unit 37 includes a support base 23 that movably supports the rocking cam support member 25, and a push-link 43 which is rocked by an actuator 39.

Abstract: A control device for a variable valve mechanism that avoids the overheating an actuator while reducing adverse effects on the driveability of a vehicle. The actuator adjusts the lift of an intake valve by moving a drive element, and a sensor is used to determine whether the actuator will overheat. A control unit stops the drive element if the lift adjusted by the actuator is equal to or larger than a first predetermined value, when the control unit determines that the actuator will overheat. The actuator may be an electric actuator. In this case, the actuator maintains the drive element in a fixed position when supply of electric power to the actuator is interrupted. The control unit stops the drive element, and interrupts the supply of electric power to the actuator.

Abstract: A valve timing controller includes a first gear rotating together with a crankshaft, a planetary carrier eccentric to the first gear, a second gear engaging with the planetary carrier. The second gear performs a planetary motion while engaging with the first gear. The planetary motion is converted into a rotational motion of the camshaft to change a relative rotational phase between the crankshaft and the camshaft. A pressing element is provided between the planetary carrier and the second gear for pressing the second gear by the elastic force. An action line of the elastic force is inclined to the eccentric direction line of the planetary carrier in the circumferential direction.

Abstract: In a valve timing controller, the guide-groove biases the moving element in a direction in which the moving element slides with respect to a radial line connecting a center of the guide-rotational element and the moving element, when the guide-rotational element relatively rotates with respect to the first rotational element. The direction in which the moving elements are pushed and the direction in which the moving elements moves are substantially identical to each other.

Abstract: A valve train includes a primary rocker arm 50 oscillating about a primary oscillating center line L4 in response to the rotation of an inlet cam 21, a secondary rocker arm 60 oscillating about a secondary oscillating center line L5 so as to transmit a valve drive force via the primary rocker arm 50 to the inlet valve 14 and a holder 30 which supports the primary and secondary rocker arms 50, 60 in an oscillatory fashion in such a manner that the primary and secondary oscillating center lines L4, L5 oscillate together. A cam profile 55 has a lost motion profile 55a a drive profile 55b are formed on an abutment portion 54 of the primary rocker arm 50. A sectional shape of the lost motion profile 55a is an arc-like shape which is formed about the primary oscillating center line L4.

Abstract: Wraparound drive, in particular control drive, for an internal combustion engine, having at least one driving gearwheel and at least one driven gearwheel and a tensioning or deflecting roller and having a wraparound means (toothed belt or chain) which connects said gearwheels and rollers, wherein the driving and/or driven gearwheel is designed according to the ID2 system such that, during rotation, it imparts a nonuniformity to the drive with the aim of damping the drive, wherein at least one additional auxiliary unit is also driven, characterized in that the gearwheel (6, 6?, 6?) of the auxiliary unit is connected to the driving shaft thereof by means of a non-rigid clutch.

Abstract: A seal assembly (46) for sealing the interface between a shaft (16) and a bore-defining wall (22). The seal assembly (46) comprises a sealing element (50), a reinforcing insert (52), and an elastomeric casing (54). The sealing element (50) has a shaft-contacting portion (56) positioned adjacent the shaft (16) and an insert-engaging portion (58) positioned substantially parallel to the bore-defining wall (22). The reinforcing insert (52) has a seal-engaging portion (66) positioned substantially parallel to the bore-defining wall (22) and positioned radially outward from the insert-engaging portion (58) of the sealing element (50). The elastomeric casing (54) surrounds the radially outer sides of the engaging portions (58,66) of the sealing element (50) and the reinforcing insert (52), to thereby urge the insert-engaging portion (58) of the sealing element (50) radially inward towards the seal-engaging portion (66) of the reinforcing insert (52).

Abstract: A method for controlling stopping and starting of an engine having a variable event valvetrain is described. According to the method engine valves may be used to reduce engine evaporative emissions as well as engine starting emissions. Since the engine configuration shown has electrically actuated intake and exhaust valves it is possible to reconfigure the engine operating sequence during a start. For example, the pistons for cylinders two and three are in the same position at the same time. This allows either cylinder to be set to an intake stroke during a subsequent engine restart when the piston is traveling away from the cylinder head while the companion cylinder is set to the expansion or power stroke. Thus, the cylinder having the first intake stroke could be configured to provide a first combustion event during an engine restart.

Abstract: An intake system of an internal combustion engine includes a surge tank communicating with cylinders of the engine via individual intake paths, a vacuum tank connected to the surge tank, a valve that permits or inhibits communication between the surge tank and the vacuum tank, and a control unit that controls opening and closing of the valve. The control unit executes the steps of: (a) opening the valve to communicate the surge tank with the vacuum tank when the surge tank is held in a negative-pressure condition during operation of the engine, and closing the valve upon a lapse of a predetermined period of time so as to hold the vacuum tank in a negative-pressure condition, (b) opening the valve for a predetermined period of time when a condition for starting the engine is satisfied, so as to reduce the pressure in the surge tank, and (c) closing the valve when the engine is started.

Abstract: A resonator is connected with an intake air pipe and forms a resonant chamber therein. The resonator includes a diaphragm, which is generally planar and is disposed between an air passage of the intake air pipe and the resonant chamber. The diaphragm forms multiple oscillation sections, which have different eigenfrequencies, respectively.

Abstract: A fluid level sensor comprises a parallel plate capacitor coupled to an integrated circuit located in the bottom of an oil pan or other receptacle in which fluid level is being sensed. The sensor is preferably mounted on a drain plug for the receptacle. It includes an integrated circuit board encapsulated in a potting material disposed within the drain plug and a probe extending upwardly from the integrated circuit with its lower end also encapsulated with a resin such that its leads are protected by the resin encapsulating the integrated circuit. The probe may include one or more slotted plates in which capacitance bridges are formed within the slots or a plurality of parallel plates in which capacitance bridges are formed between adjacent plates. The sensor can be used to control operation of a gauge and/or an ignition control circuit for the machine's engine.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of injecting fuel into the combustion chamber (16) of a cylinder of a direct-injection four-stroke internal-combustion engine, notably of diesel type, that can run according to a homogeneous combustion mode and according to a conventional combustion mode. According to the invention, this method consists, for the conventional combustion mode of the engine, in feeding into this chamber a first amount of fuel in the vicinity of the top dead centre of the piston at the beginning of the intake phase and another quantity of fuel in the vicinity of the top dead centre of this piston at the end of the compression phase.

Abstract: Avoiding inconvenience during purge processing execution of fuel vapor in an internal combustion engine including an in-cylinder injector and an intake manifold injector. An engine ECU 300 executes a program including the steps of: when the purge control execution flag is ON (YES at S400), the step (S410) of calculating injection ratio (DI ratio) r; the step (420) of calculating the basic injection amounts of the in-cylinder injector and the intake manifold injector; when the injection ratio r is not 0 (NO at S430) and the injection ratio r is not 1 (NO at S460), the step (S480) of substituting 0 for purge reduction calculation value fpgd at the in-cylinder injector side, and substituting fpg for purge reduction calculation value fpgp of the intake manifold injector side; and the step (490) of calculating the final injection amounts of the in-cylinder injector and the intake manifold injector.

Abstract: A homogeneous charge compression ignition internal combustion engine capable of reliably reducing flame noise at a time of high-load operation is provided. The engine includes an injector 12a which injects a liquid hydrocarbon fuel to an intake port 23, and an injector 12b which directly injects an alcohol fuel into a combustion chamber 21. The liquid hydrocarbon fuel is distributed to an outer peripheral side of the combustion chamber 21, and the alcohol fuel is distributed to a central portion. The engine includes intake valves 25a and 25b, and divides an intake stroke into a period in which the intake valve 25a is stopped and a fuel-gas mixture is flown, and a period in which the intake valves 25a and 25b are operated and the flow is suppressed, guides the liquid hydrocarbon fuel into the combustion chamber 21 during the flow period, and injects the alcohol fuel to the combustion chamber 21 during the flow suppression period.

Abstract: Disclosed is a diesel engine comprising a cylinder head; a combustion chamber within the cylinder head, the combustion chamber being in the shape of a bowl; and a piston having a piston crown, the piston crown having a dome-shape for protruding within the cylinder head during a combustion operation near or at top dead center. The engine is preferably a two stroke crankcase compression engine. Use of a combustion chamber in the shape of a shallow bowl along with other parameter selection decreases the rates of combustion pressure rise while providing reasonable power output.

Abstract: A throttle valve assembly is held within a passageway in a throttle body. The assembly includes a plate and a pivot shaft. The pivot shaft extends through the mounting receptacle and engages with the throttle body. A method of making a series of throttle bodies includes molding multiple like bodies having first and second passageway portions. The first portions are sized to receive butterfly valves of a standard size. The second portions, positioned downstream from the first portions, have cross sectional openings equal to or smaller than the first portions. The second portions are machined or molded to various sizes adapted to flow fluid into the in-take ports of various size engines.

Abstract: In a hybrid vehicle, when the shift position SP is set to the S position at which a driver is allowed to select any one of the shift positions SP1 to SP6, and it is determined that warm-up of a purifying device has not been completed, the target air-fuel ratio AF* is set based on the S position/low coolant temperature-time target air-fuel ratio setting map. The air-fuel ratio AF* set based on the S position/low coolant temperature-time target air-fuel ratio setting map tends to be richer than the target air-fuel ratio AF* set based on any one of the normal-time target air-fuel ratio setting map and the D position/low coolant temperature-time target air-fuel ratio setting map that are used when the D position is selected.

Abstract: An actuator for a control unit has a control motor with a motor power takeoff shaft; a control shaft that carries the control unit; and a step-up gear, disposed between the motor power takeoff shaft and the control shaft, as well as a restoring device for restoring the control unit to a basic position if the control motor fails. To make it possible to use a single-stage step-up gear with a major step-up ratio and with advantages in terms of installation space, weight, and production costs, the restoring device has two separate energy-storing means, preferably embodied as restoring springs, of which one feeds back to the motor power takeoff shaft and the other feeds back to the control shaft.

Abstract: Fuels that are used nowadays can have a different densities or different heating values. Even when filling the fuel tank (7) the quality of the fuel in the fuel tank (7) can change since different fuels are mixed. For example a low density or a low heating value can lead to reduced performance of the internal combustion engine (1). It is therefore proposed that a fuel-specific factor k be determined using a sensor (2, 2a), with which the characteristic of the combustion chamber pressure and/or a lambda value is measured, and using an algorithm. In a further embodiment the operating parameters (injected quantity, start of injection, end of injection, injection pattern, exhaust gas recirculation rate, etc.) are corrected using the factor k.

Abstract: In an adaptation (4, 5, 6, 7) of differences in injected quantities within high operating ranges, the differences are based on an injection parameter and are determined by regulating an irregular operation in an operating point within the lower operating ranges. The injection parameter which determines the differences in injected quantities in the lower operating point is set on a value different from the normal operating value in this point. The dynamics of the operating point varying with the corresponding parametric value of injection is limited during adaptation (4, 5, 6, 7).

Abstract: A choke device for an intake system of an internal combustion engine; the choke device has at least one choke body fitted movably inside an intake conduit, and an actuating device for moving the choke body to and from a work position in which the choke body reduces the cross section of the intake conduit; and the actuating device has a filiform actuating member made of a shape-memory material that changes shape when subjected to physical external stress, and having a first portion embedded in the choke body, and a second portion located outside the choke body and secured mechanically to a fixed part.

Abstract: An isolated fuel delivery system for an internal combustion engine includes a fuel rail with a clamping method operable to retain an isolating member with respect to the fuel rail. The isolating member operates to isolate the vibratory motion of the fuel delivery system form the attachment point or points. The attachment point is typically a cylinder head of the internal combustion engine. Additionally, an isolating ring assembly is provided having a first and second stiffening member with an isolating ring member disposed therebetween. The isolating ring assembly is disposed between a fuel injector of the isolated fuel delivery system and the cylinder head. The isolating ring member operates to isolate the vibratory motion of the fuel injector from the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: A vibration-reducing structure for a fuel pipe includes a fuel hose, and a pulsation damper. Fuel is supplied to an engine installed in a vehicle through the fuel hose. The pulsation damper is disposed on the fuel hose at a predetermined position. The pulsation damper suppresses pulsations of fuel. The fuel hose is fixed to a vehicle body at the predetermined position.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device for detecting intake air amount variations among cylinders of a multiple-cylinder internal combustion engine, and makes it possible to accurately detect the intake air amount variations among the cylinders. The fuel injection amount is either increased or decreased from the injection amount for stoichiometric operation to determine the amount of a resulting change in the torque or rotation speed. The determined amount of the torque or rotation speed change is then output as an index value that indicates the degree of intake air amount variations among the cylinders.

Abstract: Described herein is a cooling device for a fuel-recirculation circuit from the injection system to the tank of a motor vehicle, which has a first opening and a second opening for connection to said recirculation circuit and comprises a pipe and a finned radiant body in a relationship of heat exchange with the pipe, in which the pipe is defined by a through cavity of the radiant body and comprises guide means for guiding the flow of fuel, said guide means being housed in said pipe in order to define at least one path of flow of the fuel adjacent to a side wall of the pipe.

Abstract: A device for determining the mass flow via a tank venting valve for an internal combustion engine including an intake manifold and a throttle valve, the intake manifold being connected to the tank venting valve and an exhaust gas recirculation system, one measuring transducer each being assigned to the throttle valve and the tank venting valve, and a sensor for the mass flow via the exhaust gas recirculation system being assigned to the exhaust gas recirculation system.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine has an intake duct, which opens into at least one inlet of at least one cylinder. It also has a tank purging valve, which is configured to control the initiation of a tank purging flow into the intake duct at an inlet point upstream of the respective inlet of the respective cylinder. A main path is configured in the intake duct and a recirculation path is configured there with a recirculation control element, a recirculation inlet from the main path into the recirculation path and a recirculation outlet from the recirculation path into the main path. The recirculation outlet is disposed in the main path upstream in relation to the recirculation inlet. A cylinder tank purging fuel mass is determined as a function of an opening angle of the tank purging valve and an opening angle of the recirculation control element.

Abstract: For the purposes of a determination of a fuel vapor loading level of a fuel vapor retention system of a combustion engine, an opening level of a valve of the fuel vapor retention system is increased in steps or continuously during a determination phase. Furthermore, the valve is activated at most a predefined first period prior to a start of the determination phase by a conditioning pulse at least whenever the valve was closed previously for a second period that is longer than a predefined threshold value. The conditioning pulse is generated in such a way that the valve definitely opens at most for a predefined opening period and then closes again.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a passing type fuel reformer which can reform fuel fed into an engine so as to aim at further enhancing the improvement effect of fuel consumption, and which can be simply and surely installed in the vicinity of a fuel tank. Spherical particles (1c) are charged at a filling rate of not less than 90% in a cylindrical body (1) which is formed therein with through-holes at a rate of opening area of not less than 50%, the cylindrical body 1 is loosely fitted in a rigid tube body (2) while a seal member (3) such as an O-ring seal is provided between the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical body (1) and the inner peripheral surface of the rigid tube body (2), connectors (4) are removably fitted respectively in the opposite ends of the rigid tube body (2), and a connecting pipe (5) is connected to the connectors (4), and is arranged between a fuel tank (7) and the engine body.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an automobile fuel economizer for reducing the gas consumption of an automobile, and the automobile fuel economizer is form of a box body attached onto an automobile fuel tank, wherein the box body contains a substance having a far infrared property, such that the gas molecules in the fuel tank can exist in a state of being conducted by far infrared radiant energy for a long time, and thus the gas molecules become finer and smaller, and the gas can be combusted and utilized completely. The substance having a far infrared property contained in the box body passes through the fuel tank, so that gas molecules can absorb sufficient far infrared radiant energy, and thus achieving the purposes of reducing gas consumption, lowering air pollution, enhancing horsepower, and preventing carbon deposition.

Abstract: Means for attenuating the seating force of a cam-actuated poppet valve such as an exhaust gas recirculation valve in an internal combustion engine including a shock-absorber disposed between the valve stem and valve head. In a currently preferred embodiment, the shock-absorber is a wave washer disposed around the valve stem and captured between the valve stem and the valve head, between which axial motion is allowed. After the valve head engages the valve seat to close the valve, any further travel of the actuator cam and valve stem is absorbed by compression of the wave washer, thus attenuating additional force on elements of the valve actuation train. In opening the valve, the reverse occurs, in that initial motion of the actuator cam and valve stem serves to relieve compression of the wave washer, followed by removal of the valve head from the valve seat.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an internal combustion engine, and more particularly, to an internal combustion having improved performance by promoting mixing of fuel and air using a fuel mixing means installed at an intake port to improve the flow property of the mixture introduced into a combustion chamber. In an internal combustion engine according to the present invention, a fuel mixing means is installed at an intake port for use in supplying a mixture of fuel and air into a combustion chamber. The fuel mixing means is provided with a stream-disturbing body having a plurality of vanes for disturbing a stream passing through the intake port. The stream-disturbing body is installed rotatably in the intake port to generate a vortex or turbulence so that fuel and air are mixed uniformly and then supplied into the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A method of protecting an intake manifold of an engine of a hybrid propulsion system including an electric motor comprises detecting a reverse rotation of an engine. A fuel injector of the engine that is rotating in reverse is commanded to cease operation. A spark plug of the engine that is rotating in reverse is commanded to cease operation. The ceasing of reverse rotation of the engine is then confirmed.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine has a cylinder with a combustion chamber delimited by a reciprocating piston that drives a crankshaft rotatably supported in a crankcase. The internal combustion engine has an intake passage, an exhaust connected to the combustion chamber, a device supplying fuel, and a control device controlling at least one operating parameter of the internal combustion engine. The internal combustion engine is operated in that a pressure is measured in operation of the internal combustion engine, an adjustable value for at least one operating parameter of the internal combustion engine is deteremined based on the measured pressure, and the determined adjustable value is set for optimized running of the engine.

Abstract: A powerful permanent magnet is located in a recess formed just beneath the track in the interior of the wooden stock of a spear gun. The magnetic field of the buried magnet creates a force of attraction which interacts with the metal shank of the spear residing in the track. This force pulls the spear into the bottom or trough of the track where it is symmetrically positioned for accurate catapulting toward a remote target.

Abstract: An archery bow limb may comprise a thermoplastic material having reinforcing. A tension side of the bow limb may have continuous unidirectional reinforcing spanning substantially the entire length of the bow limb. A method of manufacturing such bow limbs may comprise building up layers of reinforcing fibers preimpregnated with thermoplastic resin (prepregs) over a core of thermoplastic material to make a preform, and compression molding the preform to consolidate the thermoplastic of the prepreg layers to one another and to the core.

Abstract: An adjustable arrow rest assembly including a bracket for mounting to an archery bow, a shaft carriage secured to the mounting bracket, a vertical stop extending from the shaft carriage, an elevation block positioned on the shaft carriage which further includes a travel channel for leveling the vertical stop and a launcher capable of rotation in association with the elevation block. The shaft carriage may receive a shaft therein which may support the launcher and/or a launcher body. A bias element may be positioned on the shaft to apply a rotational bias force to the shaft. A travel limiter may be inserted in the travel channel to limit the rotation of the elevation block by limiting the path of travel of the travel channel. The shaft carriage may also be capable of lateral movement within the mounting bracket so as to provide windage adjustment to the arrow rest.

Abstract: A compressed gas gun includes an upper housing having a barrel for receiving projectiles to be fired and having a high pressure storage chamber, a loading bolt slidably engaged in the upper housing and movable to feed the projectile forward to a firing position. A pipe is attached to the loading bolt and includes an inner space, a conduit having a pathway, and one or more apertures for communicating the inner space with the barrel. An enclosing device may be used for selectively enclosing a passage of the loading bolt to allow the pressure gas to fill the pipe and the high pressure storage chamber of the barrel, and for selectively disengaging from the loading bolt and enclosing the conduit to allow the pressure gas to fire the projectile.

Abstract: A compressed gas gun includes an upper housing having a barrel for receiving projectiles to be fired and having a high pressure storage chamber, a loading bolt slidably engaged in the upper housing and movable to feed the projectile forward to a firing position. A pipe is attached to the loading bolt and includes an inner space, a conduit having a pathway, and one or more apertures for communicating the inner space with the barrel. An enclosing device may be used for selectively enclosing a passage of the loading bolt to allow the pressure gas to fill the pipe and the high pressure storage chamber of the barrel, and for selectively disengaging from the loading bolt and enclosing the conduit to allow the pressure gas to fire the projectile.

Abstract: A compressed gas gun includes an upper housing having a barrel, a projectile feed tube for supplying projectiles into the barrel, a loading bolt for feeding the projectile and having an angled port for supplying pressure gas to propel or to fire the projectile. A lower housing includes a valve stem guide to form a high pressure storage chamber and to selectively supply the pressure gas to propel the projectile, a valve stem is slidably received,in the valve stem guide. A hammer is movable to actuate the valve stem, a link pin is secured to the hammer, and a spring biasing member may bias the loading bolt to resiliently engage with the projectile and to prevent the projectile from being cut or sheared inadvertently.

Abstract: A compressed gas gun includes an upper housing having a barrel for receiving projectiles to be fired and having a high pressure storage chamber, a loading bolt slidably engaged in the upper housing and movable to feed the projectile forward to a firing position. A pipe is attached to the loading bolt and includes an inner space, a conduit having a pathway, and one or more apertures for communicating the inner space with the barrel. An enclosing device may be used for selectively enclosing a passage of the loading bolt to allow the pressure gas to fill the pipe and the high pressure storage chamber of the barrel, and for selectively disengaging from the loading bolt and enclosing the conduit to allow the pressure gas to fire the projectile.

Abstract: A concrete saw can be operated at multiple speeds. The saw includes at least one neutral. A multispeed gearbox has one configuration with no more than two gear shafts. The gearbox can be mounted directly to an engine output shaft. The engine output shaft can be perpendicular to the blade drive shaft, and the blade drive shaft can be driven by belts from the gearbox.

Abstract: A movable saw has a handle that is movable sideways relative to the saw. The handle may also be movable so as to change its vertical position.

Abstract: A heat-cooking apparatus includes blowing means (100) that blows cooling air to an opening (20a) of a heating chamber (20) when a door (11) is opened after steam is supplied to the heating chamber (20) for preparatory operation before heat-cooking or for heat-cooking itself. More specifically, after steam is supplied to the heating chamber (20), when the door (11) is opened, the blowing means (100) drives a conventionally existing cooling fan (101) to suck in cooling air from outside the apparatus, and deflects the cooling air toward the opening (20a) of the heating chamber (20) with a decoration box (102) so that the cooling air is blown to the opening (20a) so as to pass sideways substantially across it. Thus, the cooling air mixes with high-temperature steam that tends to overflow frontward as soon as the door (11) is opened, and thereby lowers the temperature of the steam. This surely prevents the user from being hurt, as by being burnt, with the overflowing steam.

Abstract: A grill, such as a gas-fired grill, can employ a light assembly for illuminating a cooking area and/or a fuel gage that can be more readily and accurately read to determine an amount of fuel in a fuel tank. The light assembly includes a light source, which is mounted to an upper one of two discrete lids. The light source can be selectively illuminated via a switch. The switch may be coupled to a handle that is employed to open and close the second lid. The handle can be coupled to a side of the lid so as to position the switch in a location that can be relatively cool. The fuel gage can employ a pivoting platform, the motion of which may be employed to determine an amount of fuel in the fuel tank.

Abstract: Axial pressure exerted against an invertible actuator breaks a membrane with a snap action and initiates a chemical reaction in which the temperature of a product in an inner container is changed.

Abstract: A fume extraction device including a fan for extracting fume-laden air from a cooking device in a room to an area located outside the room. The fume extraction device includes a pressure differential detection device for detecting the pressure difference (Pd) between an inside pressure (Pi) in the room and the outside pressure (Pa) in the area located outside the room. The fume extraction device further includes a control device for controlling the air conveying capacity of the fan according to the (Pd).

Abstract: A substantially non-elastic incompressible composition, which substantially does not quickly self-level under standard operating conditions, includes: a suspending agent which reacts substantially as a solid when subjected to forces below a critical force, and which becomes substantially flowable when subjected to forces above said critical force; ceramic microparticulates dispersed within the suspending agent; flexible-walled microparticulates dispersed within the suspending agent; and celled macroparticulates dispersed within the suspending agent. The composition provides an incident energy absorbing property. The incident energy may include sound energy, and the microparticulates and macroparticulates may convert some of the sound energy into heat, or may diffract the sound energy.

Abstract: An improved nebulizer places a venturi in close proximity to or inside a patient's oral cavity. One or more medicine feed lines feeds the medicine to a location proximate to a venturi. A plurality of medicines may be administered simultaneously to the patient, with preferably each medicine vial being shape-keyed to a medicine receiver of corresponding shape. The medicine vial or vials may contain a standard unit dose of medication. A portable gas canister can be utilized to supply air pressure to the venturi when a press open release closed type valve is actuated.