Abstract: The exemplary aircraft anticollision beacons are constructed around a faceted aluminum support structure. The support structure has a cylindrical central post portion with an outside surface having at least six vertically oriented substantially planar faces. An array of LEDs is mounted in thermally conductive relationship on each face of the central post portion. Each LED is partially surrounded by a trough-shaped reflecting surface that re-directs off axis light into a horizontal plane. Adjacent trough-shaped reflecting surfaces combine to form annular reflecting troughs that extend around the circumference of the central post portion. The support structure defines a thermal pathway from the LEDs to a heat radiation surface on the base portion. The base portion is also configured to act as a heat sink for heat generating components of the LED driver circuits.

Abstract: An example wireless communication system receives signals from several wireless systems such as for example a tire pressure monitoring (TPM) system, a remote keyless entry (RKE) system, and a passive start and entry (PASE) system. Each of the systems provides different signals of different frequencies and modulations. The example receiver includes multiple channels that correspond to the signals from each of the example systems. Each of the channels is operable concurrently to monitor and receive signals from each of the system according to a desired hierarchy. The multiple channels eliminate transmission collisions between signals from the different systems.

Abstract: Methods and systems for graphically displaying sources for aircraft flight control instructions are disclosed. A method in accordance with one embodiment of the invention includes displaying at a display medium a map of a region at least proximate to an aircraft and displaying an aircraft indicator at least proximate to the map. The aircraft indicator can identify current location of the aircraft, and its location relative to the map can be updated as the aircraft executes a flight. The method can further include displaying at least proximate to the map an indication of a current mode by which a path of the aircraft is currently being automatically controlled.

Abstract: An apparatus for inputting information is disclosed. The apparatus includes a first sensor operably configured to be mounted on a user's thumb and a plurality of sensors operably configured to be mounted on the user's fingers, such that the user can move the user's thumb and/or fingers to cause contact between the first sensor and at least one of the plurality of sensors. The apparatus also includes an interface in communication with the first sensor and the plurality of sensors, the interface being operably configured to associate contact between the first sensor and sensors of the plurality of sensors with respective data items and to produce a data signal representing the data item. Frequently used data items are associated with sensors of the plurality of sensors located in positions on the user's fingers that permit ergonomically favorable conditions when causing the contact.

Abstract: A computer keyboard assembly includes a bottom module connected separably to a top module. The bottom module has a top wall formed with through holes registered respectively with key caps mounted movably on the top module, a wiring board provided with electrical contacts, an actuating unit disposed on the wiring board and having upright biasing members, each extending upwardly through a corresponding through hole and having an actuator contacting electrically a corresponding electrical contact as a result of movement of a corresponding key cap from a normal position to a depressed position, and a keyboard controller for interpreting a mode identification signal from a mode-determining unit of the top module so as to output an identification code corresponding to the mode identification signal.

Abstract: A method (and structure) of data processing in which data is represented in a lossy data format as a plurality of extensible motifs. Each extensible motif has at least one don't-care character enclosed by at least one non-don't-care character on a left side and at least one non-don't-care character on a right side.

Abstract: A coding scheme for data is presented in which data is encoded and decoded such that a sequence of unconstrained input binary symbols, such as 1's and 0's, is encoded into a representation according to an alphabet comprising allowable time intervals between adjacent input binary symbols according to a precision parameter p, a minimum resolution parameter ?, and resolution restriction functions L(t) and R(t), thereby defining a precision-resolution (PR) constrained code, and is modulated into an output signal comprising a waveform having signal peaks corresponding to the representation and separated according to the PR-constrained code for transmission of the output signal over the data channel. In this discussion, the minimum resolution parameter is denoted as a and is not limited to integer values.

Abstract: A method of generating a code representative of a passage of text uses in the preferred embodiment the character spacing between respective occurrences of a selected key symbol string within the text. The string may be fixed, or may encompass a variety of different forms. By comparing the known code of a target text passage with the code generated from a sample text passage, it is easy to determine whether the target text has been used within the sample. The method may be integrated within a copying device such as a photocopier, allowing the device report automatically whenever a user attempts to copy a document bearing one of a predefined list of sensitive or controlled text passages.

Abstract: In the case of a method and a device for transmitting data units by way of a transmission medium that comprises at least three adjacent transmission lines, first of all a plurality of codes is supplied. Each code has a number of code sections that corresponds to the number of transmission lines of the transmission medium. Each code section has on an associated transmission line a predetermined signal value, the sum of the signal values for each transmitted code being substantially constant. For each data unit to be transmitted, a code is selected from the plurality of codes, and the selected code is supplied for transmission by way of the transmission medium. The data units and the codes to be transmitted can be supplied in accordance with a predetermined clock pulse, a new code being selected at each new clock pulse, based on the preceding code and the new data unit.

Abstract: Clock pulse generator apparatus comprising a clock pulse generator for generating a train of primary clock pulses having leading and trailing edges. A delay line produces a train of delayed clock pulses presenting delayed edges whose timing relative to corresponding edges of the primary clock pulses is defined by the delay line. A logic circuit produces a train of combined clock pulses presenting leading and trailing edges defined alternately by one of the delayed edges and the corresponding edge of the primary clock pulse, so that the combined clock pulses comprise active clock phases having widths defined by the delay line; the variability of the widths of the active clock phases is smaller than the variability of the positions of the leading and trailing edges of the primary clock pulses.

Abstract: Systems and methods implemented in a multi-bit digital noise shaper for reducing or eliminating undesirable transient response when the noise shaper exits a clipping state. In one embodiment, the noise shaper includes a quantizer, a filter, and a filter control unit that detects clipping in the quantizer and dynamically adjusts the allowable range of the internal state values of the filter. In one embodiment, a clipping mechanism is provided for each state value within the filter to clip the state value if it exceeds a corresponding clipping level. The clipping level for each state value is lower when the quantizer is clipping, and higher when the quantizer is not clipping. The clipping level for each state value may be transitioned either immediately or gradually from a current level to a target level (which is lower when the quantizer is clipping, and higher when the quantizer is not clipping.

Abstract: An analog level meter and a method of measuring an analog signal level may be provided. The analog level meter may include a comparator, a duty counter, an analog level detector and/or a digital to analog converter (DAC). The comparator may compare a voltage level of the analog signal with a reference voltage and generate an up-down signal. The duty counter may count a duty value of the up-down signal. The analog level detector may output a duty error value obtained by subtracting a target duty value from the duty value of the up-down signal. The analog level meter may output the reference voltage as a measured value of the analog signal when the duty error value is a desired or predetermined value.

Abstract: A reference generator circuit has a resistor string between the potentials of the power supply voltage that is partitioned into a top string, a middle string, and a bottom string. PFET devices are used to couple the positive power supply voltage a selected node of the top string in response to first control signals and complementary second control signals are used to control NFET devices that couple the ground power supply voltage to a selected node of the bottom string. If a resistor is effectively removed from the top string a corresponding resistor is effectively added in the bottom string keeping the total resistance in the resistor string substantially constant. A pass gate network is used to select between nodes of the middle string as a vernier for generating small step sizes.

Abstract: Two reference generation circuits for A/D converter of the present invention generates a plurality of reference voltages characterized by voltage increments between two fixed reference voltages. These generated reference voltages greatly reduces unbalanced charge injection errors that any fully differential architecture can not remove. The inaccuracy of A/D converters caused by the corrupted reference voltages is greatly minimized.

Abstract: A switched capacitor circuit includes a first level-crossing detector to generate a level-crossing detection signal when an input signal crosses a first predetermined level. A first waveform generator generates a first predetermined waveform and a second waveform generator generates a second predetermined waveform. A second level-crossing detector generates a second level-crossing detection signal when said second predetermined waveform crosses a voltage reference level a second time. A second switch is coupled to the second level-crossing detector, and a third switch is coupled to the first level-crossing detector. The second switch turns OFF when the second level-crossing detection signal indicates the second predetermined waveform crossed the voltage reference level a second time. The third switch turns OFF when the first level-crossing detection signal indicates the input signal crossed the first predetermined level.

Abstract: The semiconductor device includes: an A/D conversion circuit; a digital processing circuit for performing processing based on conversion results of the A/D conversion circuit; and an output terminal for testing for outputting the conversion results of the A/D conversion circuit externally. The output of the conversion results from the output terminal for testing is made at timing that is different from timing of other conversion operation of which conversion results are to be outputted later and is longer in cycle than timing of conversion operation.

Abstract: A pipelined analog to digital converter comprises a first ADC stage that receives one of an input voltage and a first residue voltage and a first voltage reference and that generates a first digital signal and a second residue voltage. A second ADC stage receives the second residue voltage from the first ADC stage and a second voltage reference and that generates a second digital signal, wherein the second voltage reference is lower than the first voltage reference.

Abstract: According to the exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a method for controlling quantization scales when encoding video signals is disclosed, which comprises: (a) generating a new quantization scale; and (b) comparing the new quantization scale with a prior quantization scale, and if the difference between the new quantization scale and the prior quantization scale exceeds a predetermined range, replace the prior quantization scale with the new quantization scale.

Abstract: [object] Various electric wave absorbers for the GHz band have been developed. However, parameters for obtaining the optimal electric wave absorption characteristic are only the shape and the content of a dielectric material or a conductive material, and the degree of freedom of the parameters has been small. Furthermore, in a recent wireless LAN, electric wave absorbers that can be used for absorbing potentially dangerous electric waves in a plurality of bands, for example, in two frequency bands of 2.45 GHz band and 5.2 GHz band, have also been desired.

Abstract: Provided is a non-statistical method for compressing and decompressing complex SAR data derived from reflected energy. The method includes selecting a first FFT to provide a target ratio of pixel spacing to resolution. A second FFT is then selected which is smaller than the first FFT. The data is zero-padded to fill the second FFT and transformed to provide at least one transfer frequency. This transfer frequency is then transferred to the at least one remote site. At the remote site the second FFT is inverted to restore the data from the received transfer frequency. The restored data is then zero-padded again to fill the first FFT. The first FFT is then used to transform the zero-padded restored data to provide a data set of points with the target ratio of pixel spacing to resolution.

Abstract: The present invention provides for disambiguating the phase of a field received from a wireless tracker in an electromagnetic (“EM”) tracking system. In a first method, a carrier wave signal is modulated with a tracking signal transmitted by an EM tracker. A time reference indicating a starting point for a particular phase of the carrier wave signal is determined and is used to determine the proper phase for the tracking signal. In a second method, the EM tracker transmits auxiliary data that includes the proper phase of the tracking signal. In a third method, the EM tracker includes a passive transponder that receives a desired phase of a tracking signal as auxiliary data in an excitation signal. In response, the EM tracker transmits the tracking signal according to the desired phase. Tracking electronics may then lock onto the proper or desired phase determined according to any of the disclosed methods.

Abstract: In order to consider an optimum control method and an optimum mounting method needed, a UWB having a communication function and a radar function are used. For an obstacle vehicle in front, the distance between two cars is measured using the radar function, and according to this distance, a hazard warning is issued to a driver or a pre-crash operation is carried out. Moreover, by informing its own position to each other between vehicles using the communication function, the distance to a vehicle near to the own vehicle is measured regardless of clutter, and according to this distance, a hazard warning is issued to a driver or a pre-crash operation is carried out. Moreover, the operating frequency and transmission power of a radar are changed based on its own location information, thereby reducing influence to and from other wireless system.

Abstract: A method and radar system for detecting a target and verifying its presence to begin tracking and to enable future detections of the same target to be correctly associated with its initial detection uses two separate detections. Each detection provides three components of position measurements (range, elevation, and azimuth). The invention also pertains to an associated method for initiating a target track utilizing a rotating radar antenna having an electronic scanning antenna comprising the steps of: acquiring data representative of one or more of range, elevation and azimuth of a target, calculating target motion, forming multiple models for each degree of freedom of target motion, composing a set of initial state vectors that includes one having predictive validity for the realization of the true measurement errors and target motion.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for automatically adjusting a parameter used in the display of a Doppler spectral image comprises acquiring a plurality of spectral lines of Doppler data. A subset of Doppler data is determined from the plurality of spectral lines of Doppler data. A noise characteristic of the subset of Doppler data is calculated, and a signal characteristic of the subset of Doppler data is identified. The noise and signal characteristics are compared, and a system parameter is adjusted based on a result of the comparing step.

Abstract: An angular scan interval may be divided into one or more sweep sectors for display. Polar (r, ?) coordinates may be calculated for rectangular (x, y) coordinates at each pixel of a display interval by computing polar (r, ?) coordinates in an interval of 0 to ?/4 and by applying mapping equation sets. Bounds of a block of polar radar (R, ?) coordinates that map to a given (x, y) coordinate may be computed. A mechanism to associate the bounds of the block in polar radar (R, ?) coordinates and the rectangular (x, y) coordinates may be created. Bounds associated with the x-coordinate in a sweep sector may be calculated. A maximum of the x-coordinate bounds to xmax and a minimum to xmin may be assigned accordingly. Bounds associated with the y-coordinate in the sweep sector may be calculated for each x-coordinate. A maximum of the bounds of the y-coordinate to ymax and a minimum to ymin may be assigned accordingly.

Abstract: An electromagnetic receiver assembly is included in a navigation element for a therapy delivery system. If the system is modular, the navigation element may be an insertable module thereof and/or include a lumen to receive another insertable module.

Abstract: A multi-function device with a positioning function and a real time positioning engine is disclosed. The device contains also a shared processor used by the positioning function and other functions of the device, such as a mobile radio-communication function. The positioning engine performs in real time the most computational intensive calculations of the positioning function, such as downsampling, Doppler mixing and correlation calculations. Since the received signal need not be stored, the memory requirements of the positioning function are significantly reduced if aiding data is available.

Abstract: A beamforming device includes a Direction Of Arrival (DOA) estimation unit for estimating DOAs of the received signals based on a data subcarrier matrix; a pre-spatial filtering unit for using the estimated DOA, performing a filtering operation for the data subcarrier matrix, and generating filtering matrixes; a signal identification unit for using a data sequence, identifying original and interference signals, and generating the DOAs of the original and interference signals; a spatial filtering unit for generating an interference-plus-noise covariance matrix by using the DOA of the interference signal, eliminating the interference signal by using the covariance matrix and the DOA of the original signal, and forming final beams for the original signal; and a channel estimating and signal combining unit for performing a maximal ratio combining operation so that the final beams are combined as one combined final beam.

Abstract: A radio controlled time piece 1 actively using a time-programmed receiving operation and a forced receiving operation with respect to a standard radio signal and having an object the enablement of highly accurate and efficient time correction by properly receiving time information or calendar information and the like by executing a minimum amount of receiving operations, having a receiving means 2, a timekeeping means 18, a display means 4, a control means 10 for controlling the drive condition of the timekeeping means 18, an external input means 7, and a control information storage means 8, wherein when performing singularly or consecutively a time-programmed receiving operation that operates when a prescribed timekeeping value of the timekeeping means is reached, based on a first receiving method and a forced reception operation which operates by the operation of the external input means 7, based on a second receiving operation method, the first receiving method of time-programmed receiving operation and th

Abstract: There is disclosed a dual band antenna device including a dielectric substrate (6) having opposed first and second surfaces and a groundplane (7) on the second surface. A microstrip transmission line (4) is provided on the first surface, and a dielectric pellet (5) is mounted on the first surface on the microstrip transmission line (4). A bifurcated planar inverted-L antenna (PILA) component (1) is also mounted on the first surface, the PILA component (1) having first (2) and second (3) arms which extend over and contact a surface of the dielectric pellet (5). The first arm (3) contacts a different area of the surface of the dielectric pellet (5) than the second arm (2). The antenna device provides good operation at both 2.4GHz and 5.5GHz frequency bands.

Abstract: An embedded assembly (200) and method for fabricating the same is provided. The embedded assembly includes an organic substrate (102) and at least one movable element (104). The embedded assembly also includes at least one antenna element (106). The method includes providing (502) the organic substrate, and embedding (504) the at least one moveable element on the organic substrate. The method also includes embedding (506) the at least one antenna element on the organic substrate.

Abstract: A compact multiple-frequency Z-type Inverted-F antenna includes a dielectric substrate having a horizontal axis and a vertical axis perpendicular to the horizontal axis. A feed point is disposed along the horizontal axis on a first side of the vertical axis and a ground strip is disposed along the horizontal axis on a second side of the vertical axis opposite the feed point. A plurality of wedge-shaped radiating traces is arranged symmetrically with respect to the horizontal axis and disposed on the first side of the vertical axis. A plurality of wedge-shaped ground traces symmetrical to the plurality of radiating traces with respect to the vertical axis are disposed on the second side of the vertical axis.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are provided for packaging IC chips together with integrated antenna modules designed to provide a closed EM (electromagnetic) environment for antenna radiators, thereby allowing antennas to be designed independent from the packaging technology.

Abstract: An antenna radiation collimator structure is provided as including a number of resonator circuit boards oriented to form a block structure. A sheet of dielectric material is disposed between each of the number of resonator circuit boards to maintain a substantially uniform spacing between each of the resonator circuit boards. A plurality of conductive unit resonator cells may be disposed on first planar surfaces of each of the number of resonator circuit boards and a plurality of conductive strip lines may also be disposed on second planar surfaces of each of the number of resonator circuit boards. In this arrangement, radiation applied to a substantially central location of the block structure interacts with the plurality of conductive unit resonator cells and the plurality of conductive strip lines for redirecting the radiation out of front and rear facing surfaces of the block structure as respective first and second substantially collimated beams.

Abstract: An embedded antenna of a mobile device includes a substrate plate, a straight conductive trace installed on the substrate plate along a first direction, and a rectilinear folded conductive trace electrically connected to an end of the straight conductive trace. The rectilinear folded conductive trace comprises a longest portion installed on the substrate plate along a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, and a shortest portion installed on the substrate plate along a third direction perpendicular to the second direction. A length of the straight conductive trace is longer than a dimension of the rectilinear folded conductive trace in the first direction.

Abstract: A mobile wireless communications device may include a portable housing, a printed circuit board (PCB) carried by the portable housing, a wireless transceiver carried by the PCB, and an antenna connected to the transceiver and carried by the PCB. The mobile wireless communications device may further include at least one director element for directing a beam pattern of the antenna. More particularly, the at least one director element may include an electrically conductive main branch carried by the portable housing, and an electrically conductive connector portion extending between the main branch and the PCB.

Abstract: A device orienting apparatus includes a device-attachment structure having a non-uniform mass distribution, a post, and a base structure. The device-attachment structure includes a pivot hole and the post has a first-end section surrounded by the pivot hole. A second-end section of the post is secured so that a directional antenna is held in a preferred orientation when the post is perpendicular to a gravitational field.

Abstract: A communication apparatus is provided that includes an apparatus main frame, an antenna, and a connecting element that connects the antenna to the apparatus main frame and positions the antenna away from the apparatus main frame.

Abstract: In the foldable mobile radio apparatus constructed by coupling two cases to open and close, the high antenna performance can be secured over the wider band with the simple structure. A foldable mobile radio apparatus, includes a first case, an antenna element provided to the first case, a second case, a hinge portion for joining the first case and the second case turnably, a circuit board provided to an inside of the second case and having a ground pattern, and a feeding portion connected to a radio circuit on the circuit board. The hinge portion is formed of a nonconductive resin, and has a rotation shaft made of conductive metal to join the first case and the second case turnably. The rotation shaft is spatially coupled to the antenna element at a predetermined interval, and the rotation shaft is arranged to separate from the ground pattern on the circuit board, and is connected electrically to the feeding portion.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a portable compact antenna comprising a first radiating element of the dipole type, operating in a first frequency band and formed by a first and at least one second conductive arm supplied differentially, the first arm, called cold arm, forming at least one cover for an electronic card wherein the second arm, called hot arm, is extended by a conductive wire element, the length of the assembly formed by the first arm, the second arm and the wire element being chosen to provide an operation in a second frequency band.

Abstract: A telecommunication device has a permanently mounted antenna tuned to a predetermined resonant frequency and a housing formed of a plurality of parts one of which is removable. The one removable part, which may be an original element or an aftermarket add-on, changes the resonant frequency of the antenna when fitted to the housing. An electrically conductive passive correction element fixed in the one removable housing part is positioned therein and dimensioned such that when the one removable housing part is fitted to the housing the passive correction element cancels out the effect on the resonant frequency of the antenna by the one removable housing part.

Abstract: A satellite antenna is mounted on one side of a window. The window is made of metallized glass or has an electrically conductive print applied to the side opposite the satellite antenna. The electrically conductive print or metallized glass serves as a ground connection for the satellite antenna.

Abstract: A hinge portion is formed on the base portion. An antenna portion is attached to the hinge portion so as to be pivotable thereabout. The hinge portion includes a hinge base having a first shaft formed on one end thereof, a second shaft formed on the other end thereof, and a first protrusion formed on an outer periphery of the second shaft, and a hinge bush rotatably mounted on the first shaft and engaged with the antenna portion. The antenna portion is formed with a hole surrounding the outer periphery of the second shaft. A projection is formed on an inner periphery of the hole. The first protrusion is brought into contact with the projection when the antenna portion is pivoted so as to define a predetermined angle with respect to the base portion.

Abstract: A slot antenna according to the present invention includes: a ground conductor 12 provided on a rear face side of a dielectric substrate 101, the ground conductor having a finite area; a slot 14 which recesses into the ground conductor 12, beginning from an open-end point on a side edge of the ground conductor 12; and a feed line 261 for supplying a high-frequency signal to the slot 14, the feed line 261 intersecting the slot 14. At a first point near the slot, the feed line 261 branches into a group of branch lines including at least two branch lines, such that at least two branch lines in the group of branch lines are connected to each other at a second point near the slot to form at least one loop line 209. A maximum value of a loop length of each loop line 209 is prescribed to be less than 1×effective wavelength at an upper limit frequency of an operating band of the slot antenna.

Abstract: Provided a wideband chip antenna in which the outer surface of a dielectric or magnetic body block is surrounded by a conductor. The wideband chip antenna comprises one or more slots or slits that are formed on the top surface of the wideband chip antenna and of which predetermined portions are opened; one or more slits that are formed on the bottom surface of the wideband chip antenna and of which predetermined portions are opened; and one or more windows that are formed on one or more side surfaces of the wideband chip antenna by opening predetermined portions thereof. The wideband chip antenna can simultaneously transmit and receive signals at various bands, and the size thereof can be reduced. Further, the resonance property of the antenna can be easily adjusted, and a wider bandwidth can be secured.

Abstract: A printed antenna suitable for wireless networking device comprising a base plate, a grounding member, a first antenna, a second antenna and a third antenna is disclosed. The base plate is made of dielectric material where on a surface of which a first direction and a second direction perpendicular to each other are defined. The grounding member is electrically grounded and covers at least a partial area of the base plate surface. The first antenna is a dipole antenna extending from the grounding member generally towards the first direction. The second antenna is a monopole antenna extending from the grounding member generally towards the second direction. The third antenna is a monopole antenna extending from the grounding member generally towards the second direction. The second antenna and the third antenna are substantially disposed on the two opposing sides of first antenna.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to a broadband antenna apparatus having single or multiple winding strips. The broadband antenna apparatus has a dielectric material layer, and the single or multiple winding strips surround one another over the dielectric material layer. An antenna feed is located on the single or multiple winding strips, and ground terminals can be added.

Abstract: An antenna unit includes a first antenna; a second antenna receiving an electrical signal from the first antenna; and a frequency band transition unit interposed between the first antenna and the second antenna and transitioning between frequency bands receivable by the first antenna and the second antenna according to channels.

Abstract: An electronic device is provided that has excellent portability because it can be folded to a compact size at coupling means. In addition, a first display portion of a first display unit and a second display portion of a second display unit can form a single, large-screen display portion when the first display unit is rotated 90° clockwise and the second display unit is rotated 90° counterclockwise.

Abstract: A multi-function electronic device is designed to provide a wide variety of functions. The device consists of two panels attached for relative movement by a hinge. The hinge provides a range of movement of a full 360°. The various functions are accessed by moving the relative position of the panels from 0°, to 165°, to 180°, to 300°, to 360°. Particular functions are correlated to panel orientations which ergonomically suit the selected functions.