Abstract: An improved heat transfer tube, an improved method of formation and an improved use of such a heat transfer tube is disclosed. The heat transfer tube includes an outer surface with a plurality of radially outwardly extending helical fins, the fins being grooved to define notches, a plurality of channels extending between adjacent fins, at least one nucleate boiling pore formed at the intersection of a notch and a channel. The fins are flattened or pushed down to form a primary nucleate boiling cavity within the at least one nucleate boiling pore; and the tips of the fins are further bent over or flattened to form a secondary nucleate boiling cavity within the at least one nucleate boiling pore. Also disclosed are improved refrigerant evaporator including at least one such boiling tube and a method of making such a boiling tube.

Abstract: A washing machine is disclosed, in which a rotary power of a driving unit is stably provided to a pulsator or a washing tub in a short time. The washing machine includes a motor having a stator (7a) and a rotor (7b); a spin shaft (5) of a hollow, an upper end of the spin shaft is fastetned to a washing tub (2); a washing shaft (4) of which an upper end is fastened to a pulsator (3) inside of the washing tub; sliders (31) and (35) moving up and down along an outer circumference surface of the spin shaft to selective transmit a rotary power of the rotor to the spin shaft; an actuator (6) for inducing the up and down movement of the slider; a power transmission means between the actuator and the slider for converting a power transmittance path of the actuator and transmitting to the slider; and an attenuating means between the actuator and the slider for delaying a power generated from the actuator and then transmitting to the slider.

Abstract: Disclosed is a detergent storing assembly and washing machine using the same, by which a lid part and a detergent box constructing the detergent storing assembly are correctly assembled to each other. The present invention includes a tub having an open front side to hold water and detergent, a drum rotatably installed in the tub to hold laundry, a motor rotating the drum, a cabinet having the tub and the motor inside, and a detergent storing assembly at the cabinet to provide the detergent to detergent to the tub. And, the detergent storing assembly includes a detergent box having an open topside to store the detergent and to provide the detergent to the tub for washing, a lid part fixed to the topside of the detergent box to open/close, and an incorrect-assembling preventing means for leading the lid part to a correct position for a reciprocal assembling of the lid part and the detergent box.

Abstract: A drum-type washing machine is equipped with a drying device, which increases condensing efficiency by increasing the contact of air flowing along a condensing duct with cooling water, and prevents water formed in a condensing duct from flowing into a fixed drum. The washing machine is equipped with a drying device, which includes a discharging duct to connect an outlet of a blowing fan with an air inlet of a fixed drum and provided with a heater therein, and a condensing duct to connect an air inlet of the fixed drum with an inlet of the blowing fan and provided with a condensing unit to remove moisture. The condensing unit includes a cooling water dispersion member disposed in the lower portion of the inside of the condensing duct and a cooling water supply pipe configured to supply cooling water to the cooling water dispersion member.

Abstract: A tub assembly in a drum-type washing machine includes a tub body having a cylindrical shape forming front and rear edge portions; a ring-type tub cover coupled with the front edge portion of the tub body; a tub back, coupled with the rear edge portion of the tub body, comprised of an outer circumference wall extending horizontally to a predetermined distance with respect to an outer circumference of a circular panel forming a recessed space, the outer circumference wall in tight contact with the rear edge portion of the tub body; and a motor assembly loaded at the recessed space. The tub assembly enables a reduction in tub size and weight, by devising a construction that obviates the need for a bracket for fixing a bearing housing to a tub back and this minimizing a rearward protrusion of the bearing housing and tub back.

Abstract: A basket for a washing machine includes a body comprising an outer wall and at least one rib extending radially inward from said wall, said rib comprising at least a first portion having a first cross section and a second portion having a second cross section, said second cross section different from said first cross section.

Abstract: The invention relates to a laundry treatment machine, more especially a washing machine or a laundry dryer, comprising a drivable drum which accommodates laundry and is rotatably mounted in a container integral with the housing, wherein the container is provided with an elastic sleeve, covering the transition from the front opening of the container to the housing opening, around the filler opening of the drum, and wherein a laundry rejector is attached in this transitional region in the region of the top dead center of the drum. For improvement purposes, a specially configured laundry rejector is provided in the region of the top dead center of the drum in conjunction with a receiving means in the sleeve in order to avoid laundry items from becoming damaged.

Abstract: A combination lock includes a lock body, a locking latch, a numerical actuation unit including a plurality of number rotors and a plurality of locking rings, and a password reset unit. The password reset unit includes a reset driver slidably extended at the lock body to couple with the locking rings, wherein when the reset driver is moved to drive the locking rings to slidably disengage with number rotors, the number rotors are free to rotate on the lock body to reset a new number-combination, such that when the reset driver is released that the locking rings are slidably returned back within the number rotors, the detachable end of the locking latch is unlocked once the number rotors are rotated at the new number-combination.

Abstract: A pipe bending machine has a moving mold mechanism, which includes two mold seats positioned one above other, and pressing wheels on each mold seat to work with corresponding bending wheels of fixed molds of the machine; the mold seats are moved by means of a rotating power source whose motion is transmitted by means of a roller, which has spiral grooves; each mold seat has a sliding element secured thereto, and a guide post slidable on the sliding element and passing into a corresponding spiral grooves; guiding mechanisms are interposed between the mold seats and the fixed molds for allowing the mold seats to move up and down along a sloping path; when the rotating power source rotates the roller, both the mold seats will move forwards and backwards in crossing directions respectively as well as upwards and downwards in a sloping path respectively.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for forming and joining a first sheet material (A) located in a nest (30) to a second sheet material (B) positioned on top of the first sheet material. The apparatus includes a positional pressure roller tool or positional pressure variance unit (50) for performing the forming and joining operations. The PPVU (50) may include both a main roller (58) and a touch-up roller (60). The PPVU (50) is operatively associated with a programmable positioning apparatus in the form of a robotic arm (52) and a machine cell (10) whereby the position of the robotic arm (52) relative to the nest (30) dictates the applied pressure at the interface between the roller (72) and the nest (30).

Abstract: The present invention is a bending machine for bending material such as steel to form cutting dies for products such as cloth, leather or the like. Coiled material is fed through a material washer, straightener and printer by a material feeder to a bending head. If required the material is forwarded through the bending head to a heating unit and retracted to the bending unit to aid in bending. A nicking tool is also provided ahead of the bending tool to nick the material. The nicks enable the cutting die to cut notches in the product being cut. A support surface at the output end of the machine supports the material as it is bent into the required form.

Abstract: Devices for straightening portions of a vehicle, particularly the unibody and/or frame of a vehicle following a collision. A device comprising a clamp which is attachable to a pulling device which exerts a pulling force in a direction P. The clamp comprises jaws which open in the general direction of pulling force P to engage a flange or other portion of a vehicle extending away from the direction of the pulling force P. This aspect is particularly useful for repairing the wheelhouse of a vehicle. Another aspect is a clamp with two openings, preferably in a single set of jaws. One opening may, for example, open proximally, i.e., in the general direction of pulling force P, while the other opening may open in a direction away from pulling force P. Another aspect of the present invention comprises providing a plurality of clamps in a single pulling device wherein the clamps are connectable, via a chain, to a single pulling arm, and where the clamps are independently positionable relative to each other.

Abstract: There is provided a first die in which a plurality of projections are arrayed in a first direction with a fixed pitch. Each projection is elongated in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction. The first die faces a first face of a plate member. A second die is opposed to the first die while supporting a second face of the plate member. At least one dam member is provided in at least one of the first die and the second die, so as to project from one of the first die and the second die toward the other. The first and second dies are approached so that the dam member is dug into at least one of the first face and the second face. The first and second dies are further approached so that the projections are dug into a first region in the first face, thereby forming partitioned recesses to be pressure generating chambers of a liquid ejection head.

Abstract: A system for delivering a coolant fluid to a workpiece has a reservoir for retaining the fluid, a pump for delivering fluid from the reservoir, a supply line in communication with the workpiece and a diverter valve. A bypass line is in communication with the diverter valve, and the valve may be utilized to deliver fluid from the reservoir to the workpiece or to bypass the workpiece and circulate fluid back to the reservoir. The system also includes a fluid return line for conveying fluid from the workpiece back to the reservoir.

Abstract: This present invention concerns a process for the heating of a forging machine tool, including an insert holder and an insert with one free face bearing a forging impression, in preparation for a forging operation in the said forging machine. The process is characterised by the fact that the insert holder includes a furnace element that has at least one burner and one flue for removal of the gases, forming, with the said face of the insert, a closed heating chamber, the said chamber being heated until the insert reaches a given temperature, when the furnace element is removed. The invention also covers the forging tool, including an insert with an impression, mounted in an insert holder, for implementation of the process, and a removable furnace element.

Abstract: The invention relates to a so-called spring cushion (5), for the ejection of moulded pieces (4) from a moulding tool (3), with a plunger (6), moving in a guide tube (9) within the moulding tool and loaded in the ejection direction (14) by means of a spring (15). According to the invention, the spring (15) is embodied as a draw spring, in particular as a spiral draw spring. Considerably longer service life can be achieved as draw springs do not have radial deflections on loading.

Abstract: A metal gas-feed tube for a head air bag automotive vehicle has a sleeve formed on a bent end thereof to fit onto a connecting fitting of a gas generator. That sleeve is formed in part from an unbent region of the tube by pressing a mandrel into the end of the tube which lies outside a die so that the rear end of the sleeve is formed from a bent portion while the free end is not subjected to bending deformation in the production of the bend.

Abstract: The present invention provides a crimping apparatus that can adapt widely to various diameters of the insulating coatings of wires. The crimping apparatus has a crimp height adjustment mechanism for an insulating coating of a wire, the front of the crimping apparatus facing in a direction opposite to the direction of a core of the wire. The adjustment mechanism includes a shaft member having a regular polygon part and an eccentric shaft part that are connected thereto, and an adjustment dial which is disposed in the eccentric shaft part so as to face in the same direction as the front of the crimping apparatus. Therefore, this crimping apparatus can perform the crimping of terminals having various diameters of the insulating coatings of wires.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electrohydraulic pressing device (1) that can be operated using one hand. The device comprises a working head (30), an electric motor (4), a pump (20), a hydraulic reservoir (33), and a gear mechanism (19) extending between the electric motor (4) and the pump (20). A holding area (5) around which a hand is placed is provided and an actuating switch (39) is assigned to this area. The aim of the invention is to improve a pressing device of this type with regard to the handling thereof. To this end, the invention provides that the holding area (5) is formed around the electric motor (4), and the actuating switch (39) is situated between the electric motor (4) and the working head.

Abstract: A hydrogen gas storage container has a canister with at least one outlet opening for charging and discharging gas, the canister enclosing a metal hydride capable of absorbing and desorbing hydrogen gas and a gauge for measuring the capacity of hydrogen remaining within the hydride material. To further permit distribution of the hydrogen throughout the hydride material, a porous matrix may be disposed within said metal hydride material for providing efficient distribution of hydrogen gas to said metal hydride material. The fuel gauge may further comprise subassemblies for determining the hydrogen capacity, each of which depends for operation on a different property of the metal hydride material.

Abstract: A sensor for measuring a physical property of a measuring gas, in particular the oxygen concentration or the temperature in the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine in a motor vehicle, has a housing, a measuring element whose end section protrudes from the housing, a connector plug mounted on the end section, and a housing shell covering the end section and connector plug with a radial clearance, one shell end of the housing shell being attached to the housing and the other shell end being sealed. To prevent electromechanical breakage in the sensor in the event of extreme vibration stresses or accelerations of the vehicle, the free space within the housing shell is completely filled with a non-conductive granulate.

Abstract: The oxygen sensor of the present invention has excellent durability capable of effectively preventing contamination with lead or the like for a detection electrode even in low temperature exhaust gases, and having stable response over a long period of time. The contamination preventive layer provided in the sensor device comprises composite powders having coarse powders covered therearound with fine powders, and hollows not filled with fine powders are scattered in gaps among the composite powders. Both the coarse and fine powders comprise ceramic powders. Further, it is particularly preferred that the ceramic powders are powders of a titania powder having a peak at 1 ?m or less and a composite ceramic powder containing alumina such as spinel having a peak at 10 ?m or more.

Abstract: A multi-gas sensor device for the detection of dissolved hydrocarbon gases in oil-filled electrical equipment. The device comprising a semiconductor substrate, one or more catalytic metal gate-electrodes deposited on the surface of the semiconductor substrate operable for sensing various gases, and an ohmic contact deposited on the surface of the semiconductor substrate. The semiconductor substrate comprises one of GaN, SiC, AlN, lnN, AlGaN, InGaN and AlInGaN. A method for sensing gas in an oil-filled reservoir of electrical equipment, comprising providing a sensor device, immersing the sensor device in the oil-filled reservoir, allowing the gases emitted from the oil to interact with the one or more catalytic metal gate-electrodes, altering the gas as it contacts the catalytic metal gate-electrodes and altering the sensitivity of the sensor.

Abstract: Method for conducting an on-site measurement of a density value of an insulation material is provided, comprising: (a) providing an acoustic source for emitting a sound wave; (b) directing the sound wave emitted from the acoustic source through a waveguide and at an insulation material present in a wall, floor or ceiling cavity; (c) measuring a sound pressure in the waveguide to obtain at least one sound pressure measurement; and (d) calculating a density value of the insulation material based on the at least one sound pressure measurement.

Abstract: A method for testing the pulsatile endurance of a vascular implant 3 comprises placing a resilient insert 4 into the implant and repeatedly expanding and contracting the insert, thereby expanding and contracting the implant. The insert preferably has a cavity therein and is repeatedly expanded and contracted by repeatedly increasing and decreasing the pressure in the cavity.

Abstract: A leak detecting device of the counterflow type includes a high vacuum pump having an inlet connected to a mass spectrometer. In addition, a prevacuum pump is provided having an inlet connected to an outlet of the high vacuum pump and a leak detecting device input. A connecting conduit is further provided between the leak detecting device input and an intermediate inlet of the high vacuum pump. A first valve of variable conductance is arranged in the course of the connecting conduit. Valves with a large inner diameter are expensive while valves with a small inner diameter show considerable resistance even in a fully opened state. A second valve arranged parallel to the first adjustable valve is provided in the course of the connecting conduit; thereby allowing the first and second valves to have relatively small inner diameters arranged in the connecting conduit, wherein the combined conductance of both opened valves is considerably increased.

Abstract: A sensor for sensing one or more properties of a vehicle fluid has a tuning fork resonator adapted to contact the fluid. The tuning fork resonator comprises two tines and is operable to oscillate so that the two tines move in opposite phase at a frequency of less than 1 MHz while contacting the fluid to generate a resonator response indicative of one or more properties of the fluid. In another aspect, a sensor includes a substrate and a flexural resonator on the substrate and adapted to contact the fluid. Circuitry for operation of the resonator is on the substrate. The resonator is adapted to receive an input signal and to oscillate while contacting the fluid to generate a resonator response indicative of one or more properties of the fluid. One suitable application for the invention is monitoring the condition of a vehicle engine oil.

Abstract: In a method for adjusting the rotation angle position of the camshaft of a reciprocating-piston engine in relation to the crankshaft in which the crankshaft is in drive connection with the camshaft via an actuating gear, which is designed as a three-shaft gear having a drive shaft in a fixed mounting on the crankshaft, an output shaft in a fixed mounting on the camshaft and an actuating shaft which is in drive connection with an actuating motor, a measured value for the crankshaft rotation angle is determined for at least one crankshaft measurement point in time. For at least two actuating shaft measurement points in time, a measured value for the actuating shaft rotation angle is determined digitally.

Abstract: A rotation-sensored rotary connector includes: a rotary connector for electrically connecting an electrical component installed on a steering to a vehicle-body side; and a rotation sensor for detecting a rotational angle of the steering; wherein the rotation sensor includes a rotor to be directly mounted on a steering shaft, and the rotary connector includes a rotor to be rotated in compliance with the rotor of the rotation sensor, thereby allowing to detect the rotational angle of the steering with an excellent precision.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for measuring time-resolved volumetric throughflow processes, especially injection process in internal combustion engines, having a translational volume difference sensor having a piston disposed in a measuring compartment and a detection device detecting the excursion of the piston, the detection device being linked with an evaluation unit. According to the invention, a pressure sensor is mounted in the measuring compartment in addition to the detection device which detects the excursion of the piston. The signal of the detection device corresponding to the excursion of the piston can be better evaluated as the compressivity of the fluid in the measuring compartment can be taken into consideration for the calculation of the amount to be injected. The inventive device allows for a highly time-resolved representation of throughflow processes so that both overall amount and exact course of the throughflow can be represented and evaluated.

Abstract: The invention is a device comprising a device for detecting and signaling a physical value when connected to a rim (1) in a position below a pneumatic tire mounted on the rim (1), and further comprising a device to discover a detachment of the device from the rim. The invention provides that the device to discover a detachment comprises a proximity sensor responsive to the rim (1).

Abstract: A testing system and a method for obtaining drive files for the testing system for wheel rim testing, includes providing a wheel assembly in contact with a drum surface, the wheel assembly being rotatable about an axis defining a lateral axis, and wherein a vertical axis extends through a drum surface in contact with a tire of the wheel assembly and is orthogonal to the lateral axis, and a longitudinal axis is defined orthogonal to both the lateral and vertical axes. A parameter is measured indicative of an overturning moment applied to the wheel rim about the longitudinal axis. A camber angle of the wheel rim relative to the drum surface is adjusted to obtain a desired overturning moment on the wheel rim about the longitudinal axis.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for testing rubber tires includes an abrader for rubbing against the surface of the tire and an eraser for removing particles of rubber left on the abrading surface by the tire. The eraser has the capability of absorbing oil or wax included in the tire being tested and in the particles deposited on the abrading surface.

Abstract: An anti-steal tire pressure monitoring apparatus includes: a tire valve; a tire pressure sensor and transmitter connected with a tire inflation valve of the tire valve; an inner cap having the tire pressure sensor and transmitter encased in the inner cap and engaged with a valve seat of the tire valve; and an outer sleeve free rotatably engaged with the inner cap; whereby upon tightly screwing of the inner cap with the valve seat of the tire valve to depress the inflation valve to allow the air entering the sensor for detecting the tire pressure, any rotation (counter rotation) of the outer sleeve trying to unscrew the inner cap will be ineffective, since the outer sleeve is free rotatably engageable with the inner cap, so as to safely “lock” the inner cap and the tire pressure sensor and transmitter on the tire valve without being stolen or removed from the tire valve.

Abstract: A method for designing aircraft including providing a model of the aircraft and a plurality of sensors mounted on the model. The method further includes positioning the aircraft model in a fluid tunnel at an initial attitude and measuring an initial orientation of the aircraft model while the aircraft model is at the initial attitude using a first tilt sensor of the sensors to create initial orientation information. The method also includes passing fluid over the aircraft model using the fluid tunnel and actively moving the aircraft model from the initial attitude to a subsequent attitude. In addition, the method includes measuring a subsequent orientation of the aircraft model while the aircraft model is at the subsequent attitude using a first orientation sensor of the sensors to create subsequent orientation information.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention include a fiber optic seismic sensing system for permanent downhole installation. In one aspect, the present invention includes a multi-station, multi-component system for conducting seismic reservoir imaging and monitoring in a well. Permanent seismic surveys may be conducted with embodiments of the present invention, including time-lapse (4D) vertical seismic profiling (VSP) and extended micro-seismic monitoring. Embodiments of the present invention provide the ability to map fluid contacts in the reservoir using 4D VSP and to correlate micro-seismic events to gas injection and production activity.

Abstract: In paper and board machines the position of a rolling device relative to another rolling device and/or the force exerted by the rolling device on the other rolling device or any variable acting on these is measured, and the value of the measured variable is compared with the set value of said variable in order to obtain the difference value of the variable, and the position of the rolling device and/or the force it exerts on the other rolling device is controlled on the basis of the difference value. The fluid pressure of the hydraulic means (5) and/or the flow velocity of the fluid to the hydraulic means is changed in order to alter the difference value of the variable by opening and/or closing at least one digital valve in a digital valve pack (7) functionally connected to the hydraulic means (S).

Abstract: A thermal fluid flow sensor and method of forming same. The flow sensor has an integrated circuit substrate, such as a silicon substrate, and a region of low thermal conductivity material carried on the top surface of the integrated circuit substrate. One or more pairs of temperature sensing elements are disposed on the low thermal conductivity region together with a heating element so that a robust flow sensor can be provided at low cost. Signal conditioning circuitry is disposed on the same surface as the temperature sensing elements and connected to the sensing elements thereby further reducing costs and improving the flow sensor sensitivity.

Abstract: A microwave level gauge for measuring a level of a process material in a tank includes a ceramic seal and a microwave conductor. The ceramic seal is disposed adjacent to an opening in the tank and adapted to isolate circuitry from the process material. The microwave conductor is electrically coupled to the circuitry and extends through the hermetic seal and into the process material in the tank. The ceramic seal and an isolating adapter cooperate to isolate the microwave conductor from the process fluid and from external forces.

Abstract: A scale for determining a quantity of material in a container such as a keg. The scale may include a support member configured to be placed under a portion of the container, a display to indicate the quantity of material in the container, and a weight sensor positioned underneath the support member to determine the quantity of material in the container and to provide a signal to the display.

Abstract: A level-sensing probe positioned in a tank is divided into sections with each section including (i) a fluid-level capacitive sensor disposed along the length thereof, (ii) an inductor electrically coupled to the capacitive sensor, (iii) a sensor antenna positioned for inductive coupling to the inductor, and (iv) an electrical conductor coupled to the sensor antenna. An electrically non-conductive housing accessible from a position outside of the tank houses antennas arrayed in a pattern. Each antenna is electrically coupled to the electrical conductor from a corresponding one of the sections. A magnetic field response recorder has a measurement head with transceiving antennas arrayed therein to correspond to the pattern of the housing's antennas. When a measurement is to be taken, the measurement head is mechanically coupled to the housing so that each housing antenna is substantially aligned with a specific one of the transceiving antennas.

Abstract: A piezoelectric vibrating gyro element is constructed by crystal and includes at least in the same plane a base portion; a pair of vibrating arms for detection extended out from the base portion to both sides in a straight line shape, and having groove portions; a weight portion connected to the tip of each of the vibrating arms for detection; a pair of connecting arms extended out from the base portion to both the sides in directions perpendicular to the vibrating arms for detection; pairs of vibrating arms for driving each extended out from the tip portion of each of the connecting arms to both the sides perpendicularly to this tip portion, and having groove portions; and a weight portion connected to the tip of each of the vibrating arms for driving; wherein, when the vibrating arm for driving is set to Ld in length and Wd in width, and the vibrating arm for detection is set to Lp in length and Wp in width, and the connecting arm is set to Lc in length and Wc in width, the piezoelectric vibrating gyro elem

Abstract: A measuring instrument is provided, to which various ultrasonic sensors can be connected in a simple way. The measuring instrument has an electronic measuring instrument unit, to which various ultrasonic sensors can be connected, and having an apparatus for detecting the ultrasonic sensor that is connected, which apparatus, for detecting the ultrasonic sensor, causes the ultrasonic sensor to oscillate, picks up its oscillation behavior, and from that derives a sensor-specific variable.

Abstract: An ultrasound test apparatus for polymeric materials (e.g., plastic pipes) includes a low-absorption housing that at least partially encloses an ultrasound transducer, wherein the transducer emits a low frequency wide angle ultrasound beam with a narrow bandwidth. In especially preferred configurations and methods, the apparatus will detect flaws in polymeric pipes, and especially in welds or stressed zones of such pipes, wherein defects of less than 4% of the wall thickness (up to 4 inches) are detected. Further disclosed are configurations and methods for nondestructive detection of lack-of-fusion defects in polymeric pipes.

Abstract: Horizontal vibration shakers 21a and 21b are disposed opposite to each other on both sides of a vibration table 4, and either of the horizontal vibration shakers, e.g. 21a is arranged vertically movable so as to produce a positional difference (offset) with respect to a horizontal vibration axis 63 of the other horizontal vibration shaker 21b. When it is supposed that an accelerated velocity appears upwards on the left side of the vibration table 4, while another accelerated velocity appears downwards on the right side of the vibration table 4 as a result of generation of a rotational mode M, one of the horizontal vibration shakers, e.g. 21a, is elevated to produce the positional difference (offset) with respect to the horizontal vibration axis 63 of the other opposed horizontal vibration shaker 21b.

Abstract: A variable analog output pressure switch having a diaphragm attached to a plunger, the plunger controlling the amount of light detected by a photocell or photodetector, the photocell or photodetector outputting voltage roughly proportional to an applied pressure on the diaphragm.

Abstract: The integrated circuitry on a semiconductor substrate includes an integrated circuit arranged in a circuit area of the semiconductor substrate and a stress-sensitive structure on the semiconductor substrate for detecting a mechanical stress component in the semiconductor substrate, wherein the stress-sensitive structure is implemented to provide an output signal depending on the mechanical stress component in response to an excitation and to a mechanical stress component, wherein the stress-sensitive structure is arranged in a sensor area of the semiconductor substrate and wherein the circuit area and the sensor area are spatially separated.

Abstract: Switches SW1 to SW4 and variable resistors are formed so as to overlap each other at positions corresponding to the X-axial positive direction, the X-axial negative direction, the Y-axial positive direction, and the Y-axial negative direction, respectively. When at least one of the switches SW1 to SW4 is off, no Z-axial output is activated and only X- and Y-axial outputs are activated. On the other hand, when any of the switches SW1 to SW4 is on, no X- and Y-axial outputs are activated and only a Z-axial output is activated.

Abstract: A process device providing total fluid flow control is provided. The device includes a closure mechanism disposed in a flow conduit. The closure mechanism, which is preferably an iris-type diaphragm, provides a variable internal diameter. The device includes a differential pressure sensor for sensing the differential pressure on opposite sides of the diaphragm. A controller receives an indication of differential pressure and generates a control signal to an actuator that actuates the closure mechanism. The closure mechanism, differential pressure sensor and controller create a closed-loop flow controller in a single process device.

Abstract: A method for calculating a mass flow rate of a cryogenic fluid within a flow tube includes positioning a sensor within a stream of cryogenic fluid flowing through the flow tube. The sensor is operatively coupled to a strain gauge. A difference between a dynamic pressure in the fluid stream and a static pressure in the fluid stream is measured and the mass flow rate of the cryogenic fluid within the flow tube is calculated.