Abstract: A front panel for an integral type air conditioner is provided. The front panel of the integral type air conditioner has a side intake formed at a side portion thereof such that desired air is introduced. The front panel also includes a discharge hole through which the intake air into the air conditioner is discharged.

Abstract: Disclosed is a vibration reduction type refrigerator including a refrigerator main body having a cooling chamber for storing foods and a mechanical chamber, a compressor disposed in the mechanical chamber, for compressing refrigerants, and a suction pipe connected to the side of the compressor, disposed in the mechanical chamber in the width direction of the refrigerator main body, and connected to an outlet pipe of an evaporator disposed at one side end of the mechanical chamber. The vibration reduction type refrigerator can prevent the vibration generated by the compressor from being transmitted to the refrigerator main body through the suction pipe and the discharge pipe connected to the compressor, by minimizing spaces occupied by the suction pipe and the discharge pipe in the mechanical chamber and increasing the length of the suction pipe and the discharge pipe.

Abstract: An ice transfer device for a refrigerator is provided. An ice-making part is provided at an upper portion of an ice maker of the refrigerator, and a storage container is provided below the ice-making part. Both edges of a bottom surface of the storage container are rounded, and a transfer member for transferring ice is provided within the storage container. Further, a motor is installed in the vicinity of one of the rounded edges of the storage container and has a motor shaft protruding toward the rear of the ice maker. A gearbox provided at the rear of the storage container has a driving shaft protruding toward the front of the ice maker. With this construction, the inner space of the refrigerator can be efficiently used.

Abstract: An apparatus for shipping articles under controlled temperature conditions, having alternating enclosure walls for providing temperature insulation and for providing alternating reservoirs of phase change materials, wherein the respective phase change materials are different in each alternating reservoir. The innermost reservoirs comprise a thermal insert which modifies the control temperature inside the container.

Abstract: An air conditioner incorporates valve devices mounted in a plurality of indoor units, respectively, for allowing refrigerant discharged from an outdoor heat exchanger to be introduced into one or more indoor units that are in operation. The refrigerant is prevented from being introduced into the other indoor units that are not in use, and therefore, oil is prevented from being accumulated in the other indoor units that are not in use. Also, an appropriate amount of refrigerant is supplied to the indoor units that are in operation, and therefore, reliability and efficiency of the air conditioner are improved.

Abstract: The aim of the invention is to improve a refrigerating installation in such a way as to achieve high operating reliability, and savings in terms of energy and cost, in cooling circuits containing a cooling agent (cooling sols). To this end, disclosed is a refrigerating installation provided with frequency-controlled cooling units in the form of modules comprising an integrated two-stage evaporator provided with a liquid supercooler and a suction vapour superheater.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to methods for improving the efficiency of processes for the recovery of natural gas liquids from a gas feed, e.g., raw natural gas or a refinery or petrochemical plant gas stream. These methods may be employed with most, if not all, conventional separation methods using distillation towers, e.g., a demethanizer and/or deethanizer column. The methods of the present invention involve installing an internal refrigeration system consisting of an open cycle refrigerant withdrawn from a distillation column and a closed cycle refrigerant derived from the open cycle refrigeration system. A separator is installed downstream of the recycle compressor discharge cooler in the open cycle refrigeration scheme. At least a portion of liquid withdrawn from this separator is used as a closed cycle refrigerant by indirect heat exchange with the inlet gas or other process streams. Thus a closed refrigeration cycle enhances the performance of the open refrigeration cycle.

Abstract: A fine jewelry chain made of precious metal, base metal, or metal alloy, which may be used by day as an ID card holder in the form of a necklace, bracelet, belt, or watch-type chain, and by night as a piece of decorative jewelry in the form of a necklace, bracelet, belt, or watch-type chain. The chain includes a looped metal clasp which may be used to hold an ID card, transparent ID card holder, pendant, or charm, or to secure the necklace to itself, thus creating a double-stranded “choker” style of necklace. The chain may also be worn in the lapel, draped through belt-loops, or otherwise strung around a portion of clothing or of the body. Decorative charms may also be purchased and the chain threaded through said charms to create a more unique or individual piece of jewelry. The ID cards and charms strung from the chain may also incorporate embedded chip technology, which would allow for the download and storage of personal security information.

Abstract: Ecological cleaning fabric comprising polyester-based microfiber comprising a warp-bent fabric having polyester-based yarn in the base with multi-filter loops, preferably including polyester textile fiber.

Abstract: The invention relates to a detergent supplying apparatus in a washer which includes a cabinet (1), a drum (4) rotatably provided in the cabinet and a tub (3) fixed outside the drum (4).

Abstract: A lock protector for protecting a padlock of the type having an exposed shackle and body. The lock protector includes a face plate or shield having a member extending from a rear surface that has two openings for securing the shield to the legs of a shackle. The face plate covers the shackle to protect the shackle from access to cutting devices such as bolt cutters.

Abstract: A lockable storage case includes a top cover pivotably coupled to a bottom cover through a spine. The top cover includes loops or an upper lock receiving member and a lower lock receiving member defining a top cover lock insertion path. The bottom cover includes loops or an upper lock receiving member and a lower lock receiving member defining a bottom cover lock insertion path. The lower lock receiving members of both the top and bottom covers include hooks for receiving and maintaining a latch. When the top cover is closed on the bottom cover, the top and bottom cover insertion paths combine to form a combined lock insertion path. A lock for the storage case includes first and second catch mechanisms with first and second catches: To lock the storage case, the lock is inserted into the combined lock insertion path so that the catches on the lock mate with and are retained with the hooks in the top and bottom covers.

Abstract: A locking storage case for holding a toothbrush. As two parts of the case are slidably engaged with each other to form an enclosed cavity holding the toothbrush, a combination lock, integrally and rigidly mounted to the parts of the case, becomes engaged for locking the case. A suction cup is provided for hanging the locking case from a smooth surface. A resealable plastic bag is provided within the locking case for sealing the toothbrush from germs and moisture and contaminants, and the resealable bag may have an antibacterial coating on its interior surface. A toothpaste tube may be provided in the cavity, and the toothbrush may have a removable head attached to a body that is joined to one of the case parts.

Abstract: An interconnected chassis includes a mounting plate including a spring engaging tab. A cover plate includes a recessed spring retention wall. A lower cam has a lower pivot axis. An upper cam has an upper pivot axis. A slide plate is positioned between the mounting plate and the cover plate, the slide plate having a spring retention slot and a spring support ledge. The slide plate includes a first end having a pivot feature and a second end having a lower cam engagement member for engaging the lower cam. A spring is positioned in the spring retention slot of the slide plate and in the recessed spring retention wall of the cover plate, and between the spring engaging tab of the mounting plate and the spring support ledge of the slide plate. A toggle is pivotably coupled to the slide plate by the pivot feature, the toggle having a head portion positioned to engage the upper cam.

Abstract: The invention relates to a deep-rolling roller head (1) of a deep-rolling tool for deep-rolling, by means of deep-rolling-rollers (2), radii or recesses (3) on the main (4) and lifting bearing journal of a crankshaft, while the crankshaft rotates in a rotational direction (5). The deep-rolling roller head (1) has a prismatic, flat, approximately rectangular housing (6) on whose one front side (7), which faces the bearing journals (4) to be deep-rolled of the crankshaft, two roller cages (8, 9) are provided. The roller cages (8, 9) each have first front sides (10, 11), which are at a mutual distance (12) from each other and at the same time at a distance (13, 14) from the longitudinal center (15) of the housing (6). The roller cages (8, 9) have recesses (16), in which deep-rolling rollers of (2) are loosely rotatably guided in a removable manner with play.

Abstract: A spiral pipe has an integrated radial flange. A machine for forming such a flange comprises a rotor which rotates and a flange roller mechanism connected to the rotor via slides. As the rotor rotates, the flange roller mechanism moves radially via the slides to form an integrated flange on an end portion of the spiral pipe.

Abstract: A hollow cooling box for a steel mill to be used to cool a hot steel work piece as it passes through the cooling box; the box having an interior plenum formed by the members forming the cooling box. The plenum is supplied with coolant under pressure, and the coolant is allowed to pass through curved wedge shaped slots in one of the members which faces the work piece as it passes through the cooling box. The wedge shaped slots are oriented so that the widest part of said slot is on the upstream side of the passage of the work piece.

Abstract: A system and the relevant thermo-electromechanical process with two superimposed devices (A) able to coil and uncoil a pre-strip (a) by reversing their positions, provided with outer (4) and inner (7) burners to respectively equalize and optimize the temperature along the whole pre-strip by means of special algorithms of the control software, suited to also control the speed, acceleration and deceleration, both in the coiling and uncoiling step, of the chuck (6) up to the advanced stop during coiling to let a segment of tail (c) of the pre-strip out of the device (A). A particular structure of the chuck (6)is also described.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for rolling a metallic product comprising a mill frame (18), a first cantilever roll shaft (19), a second cantilever roll shaft (20), both said roll shafts (19, 20) being mounted on the mill frame (18) with two sets of bearing assemblies (38, 39, 40, 41), a first rolling ring (21) mounted on the first roll shaft (19), a second rolling ring (22) mounted on the second roll shaft (20) said rolling rings (21, 22) forming a nip (23) in between, at least one ring (29) arranged with its inside surface (43) in rolling contact with the first roll shaft (19) and with at least one intermediate roll (27), which intermediate roll (27) is arranged also in rolling contact with the second roll shaft (20) and at least one drive end (42) arranged at the end of either roll shafts (19, 20) for driving the mill (16). The invention also relates to a method of producing a metallic product.

Abstract: An apparatus for reforming rod-shaped, electrically conductive and/or magnetizable materials, in particular for drawing and extruding, having the following features: the apparatus has a female mold having a die, which forms the tool for reforming; the apparatus has an inductor of an electric linear motor, by means of which a traveling electric field can be produced; the inductor includes at least one first group at least with first coils; the first coils in the first group are arranged axially next to one another and thus form a channel; using the inductor it is possible to produce a traveling field in the channel which has a magnetic flux density having a gradient in the axial direction of the channel, which has an amplitude of greater than B=1 T.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for performing continuous extrusion of a metallic material, such as copper, so that the material to be extruded (1) is fed in the extrusion member (4) by means of a feed member (3) provided with a groove on its peripheral wall (2) and by an abutment (5) arranged in said groove, so that the groove (8) is protected against oxidation by arranging for at least part of the peripheral wall (2) of the feed member (3) a gas-protecting member (7). The invention also relates to said equipment.

Abstract: A closed forging method for producing a forged product includes preparing as a forging material a cylindrical cast ingot that has a volume the same as the volume of a forged product and assumes a shape having an upper surface, a lower surface and a side surface and containing no angular portion; and applying pressure to the side surface of the forging material. The shape has a ratio of the lateral length of a projection profile of the forging material as viewed in the direction perpendicular to the direction of pressure application to a length of the forging material as measured in the direction of pressure application is 1 or less. The forged product obtained is a preform of an upper arm or a lower arm with a plurality of branches that is a suspension part for a vehicle or a yoke with a plurality of branches that is a joint part employed in a vehicle suspension. The preform or yoke has metal flow lines along each branch and exhibits enhanced mechanical strength.

Abstract: An apparatus for forming a beam member for a torsion beam in a rear wheel suspension system of an automobile wherein said apparatus includes top and bottom dies for forming a U-shaped or V-shaped section and an extension section of the beam member, upper and lower pad-dies coupled to top and bottom dies for forming a rectangular section of the beam member before operation of the top and bottom dies, and left and fight cams installed at both sides of a pipe so as to be horizontally inserted into the pipe by a hydraulic cylinder for maintaining inner shapes of the extension section and the rectangular section, said cams preventing both distortion and wrinkling from occurring on the rectangular section and the extension section of the beam upon operation of the top and bottom dies, thereby allowing the beam member to be formed to have different cross sections at different portions of the beam with complete symmetry, by a single process.

Abstract: A method for correcting the position of the angle marks of an incremental gear of a rotary speed sensor and/or rotary angle sensor of an internal combustion engine and to a system therefor.

Abstract: A miniaturized sensor device comprises at least one pair of active projecting elements or cantilevers, which are set parallel to one another and at a micrometric or sub-micrometric distance apart and are designed to be submerged at least partially in a fluid. Each pair comprises a first cantilever, equipped with actuator means, and a second cantilever, equipped with sensor means. The actuator means can cause a movement of the first cantilever, whilst the sensor means can detect a movement of the second cantilever, induced by the movement of the first cantilever, for generating accordingly a measurable signal, which represents the lubricating capacity of the fluid.

Abstract: Methods and apparati for measuring entrained gas content. One of the disclosed apparatus embodiments includes a chamber and piping for process fluid, the piping including two different sectors each comprising a density and temperature gauge having a pressure gauge located upstream and a second pressure gauge located downstream, the two sectors being operatively joined together by a pressure-changing device. The pressure measurement feature may be incorporated into the combination density and temperature gauge, eliminating the need for separate pressure gauges. Data generated by this invention reduces measurement error caused by the dissolving or exsolving of gases with changes in pressure of a fluid, while providing instantaneous measurement, through apparatuses that measure system conditions at each of two pressure states within a very short period of time. For instance, in the context of continuously coating a substrate, the method of this invention comprises: a.

Abstract: A gas sensor (1) with a detector element (2), which is specific to a gas to be measured and sends a measured signal that depends on the measured gas concentration, has increased measuring sensitivity for measurements in the concentration range from less than 1 ppb to a few ppb. The detector element (2) is exposed in a gas admission adapter (4) to a gas to be measured via a diaphragm (3) arranged in front of the detector element (2), wherein the gas admission adapter (4) has at least a first opening (20) for the entry of the gas to be measured as well as at least a second opening (30), which is connected with a pressure modulator, which generates periodic gas pressure vibrations in the gas admission adapter (4) and is designed, for example, as a pump (5).

Abstract: Methods and systems for analyzing samples, such as gas samples, are described. One method comprises providing a gas sample, increasing pressure applied to the gas sample to compress the sample to a smaller volume and provide a pneumatically focused gas sample, and analyzing the pneumatically focused gas sample using any of a variety of analytical techniques. Also disclosed are systems for gas analysis, including systems for analysis of pneumatically focused, and thereby concentrated, gas samples and for analysis of particulate matter in gas samples. Analytical systems constructed within personal computer cases also are disclosed.

Abstract: Techniques for measuring a density of a liquid within a fluid that includes both a liquid and a gas are described. A pressure of the fluid oscillates according to a time-varying function, which causes a density of the fluid also to oscillate according to the same time-varying function. A resulting pressure signal and density signal are analyzed to extract at least a first and second pressure value and at least a first and second density value, where the first pressure and density values occur at a first time, and the second pressure and density values occur at a second time. Then, the liquid density is calculated from the first and second pressure and density values. As a result, the liquid density may be calculated quickly and easily, with a minimum of effort on the part of an operator, and without requiring disruption of other measurement processes associated with the flowtube.

Abstract: A method measures the physical characteristics of at least one solid porous sample (S) saturated with a first fluid by carrying out drainage or imbibition phases, in the presence of a second fluid with a different density from that of the first fluid. A sample saturated with a first fluid, such as brine, is placed in a vessel filled with a second fluid. By means of a centrifugation assembly, the sample is drained until a final saturation pressure is established in the sample. In a second phase, the sample can be soaked.

Abstract: By measuring ultralow moisture permeation through a barrier material sample at a temperature substantially above ambient, definitive values are produced on an accelerated basis that can be used to accurately predict long term daily performance of that barrier material. The sample is heated to a desired test temperature where there is controlled access to both its upstream and downstream surfaces, and HTO vapor is then supplied at predetermined relative humidity to the upstream surface by fracturing a glass ampoule containing not more than 10 millicuries of specific radioactivity for each test. Radioactive gas permeating from the downstream surface is collected by circulating a very slow flow of dry carrier gas past the downstream surface, which stream flows to an ionization chamber containing a beta-particle radiation monitor.

Abstract: A sample testing device has a buffer container that can hold buffer fluid, a filter with a securement for holding a test strip, the test strip, a test strip container having a receptacle to accommodate the filter, so that when the filter is held therein the test strip is disposed in the receptacle, and a sample collector for holding a sample. The sample collector receives the buffer container, and the sample collector has a piercing member which, when the buffer container is placed in the sample collector, pierces the buffer container. Buffer fluid in the buffer container then contacts the sample. As buffer fluid flows through the sample collector, the buffer fluid that has contacted the sample passes through the filter to the test strip.

Abstract: Automated apparatus and methods for testing surface finishes. In at least one preferred embodiment, automated apparatus capable of reliably, automatically testing surface finishes in industrial environments. In at least one further preferred embodiment, an automated, robotic surface finish tester programmable to measure surface finishes of a plurality of spatially separate surfaces and simultaneously and/or thereafter displaying, transmitting, processing, and/or storing data related thereto.

Abstract: A method operates a single cylinder two-stroke engine having a cylinder wherein a combustion chamber is formed which is delimited by a piston. The piston drives a crankshaft rotatably journalled in a crankcase. In the method, fuel and combustion air are supplied to the two-stroke engine. In the combustion chamber, a mixture of fuel and combustion air is ignited and the exhaust gases flow out from the combustion chamber via an outlet. At idle, no fuel is metered over a crankshaft angle (?) of at least 700° in order to provide a smooth running of the two-stroke engine with low exhaust-gas values.

Abstract: Measuring device and method for determining the position of an electrically conductive test object (1) with a noncontacting sensor, in particular an eddy current sensor (2), wherein the test object (1) is adapted for linear reciprocal movement in a predetermined direction. The test object (1) includes a marking (6), and the sensor is arranged transversely to the direction of movement of the test object (1) and at a constant distance from the test object in the region of the marking (6), so that a movement of the test object causes the sensor to produce an at least largely linear signal change over a predetermined measuring range.

Abstract: A method according to the invention makes it possible to make a check of the correct installation and operation of piston cooling nozzles (10) in a cold text prior to the final assembly of the engine by applying compressed air to each piston cooling nozzle (10) and directing the jet of compressed air emitted by the piston cooling nozzle (10) to be checked toward a surface pressure sensor (24). This makes it possible to record the position of the compressed air jet generated by the piston cooling nozzle (10) and preferably also the geometry of the jet. It is thereupon possible to draw conclusions concerning the proper operation and installation of the respectively checked piston cooling nozzle (10).

Abstract: A surface of a body includes a structure bounded by edges and a substantially edge-free unevenness. The structure is considered a quality impairment and the unevenness a potential quality impairment. A device includes a means for generating a height representation of the surface including the structure and the unevenness. A means for calculating a variation representation calculates the variation for every point of the height so that a high variation is obtained at a boundary of the structure and a low variation is obtained at a boundary of the unevenness. A means for detecting regions that potentially affect quality detects when a variation magnitude is smaller than a predetermined variation threshold value. These regions are examined to exclude uncritical regions and to determine the actual number of regions that affect quality. Quality control is performed on vehicle tires having structures such as inscriptions, and which also have bulges or constrictions that are substantially edge-free and uneven.

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting a longitudinal force of a tire is provided with at least one mark (3) provided in on one circumferential line (j) in a tire (2), a first sensor (5) disposed in a vehicle body side (4) and capable of detecting a passage of the mark (3), a second sensor (7) capable of detecting a rotation angle (?) of an axle (6), and a computing device (8) for computing a longitudinal force (Fr) of the tire (2) on the basis of an information of the first and second sensors (5, 7). The computing device (8) sequentially stores a rotation angle (?r) of the axle (6) when the mark (3) passes through the first sensor (5).

Abstract: An assembly (M) of a detection unit (100) for placement inside a tire with a rim having a connection aperture (210) is provided. The assembly (M) can include a detection unit (100) for receiving detection components, a valve body (300), a seal (400) for providing a seal between the valve body (300) and the rim (200), and fastener (500) for holding the valve body (300) in position on the rim (200). One or more of the detection unit (100), the valve body (300), the fastener (500) for holding the valve body (300), or a combination thereof, is preformed to penetrate the connection aperture (210) so as to engage the connection aperture (210) when the assembly (M) is subjected to tangential stresses.

Abstract: A liquid dispenser comprises a sprayer device and volume meter connected together to form an integral unit that prevents the sprayer device and volume meter from being disconnected without damaging the dispenser. The volume meter has an inlet end portion and a gauge member downstream of the inlet end portion that responds to liquid flowing through the dispenser to provide a visual readout indicating the volume of liquid flowing through the dispenser. A common passageway extends through the sprayer device and volume meter through which liquid flows from the inlet end portion of the volume meter, past the gauge member, and exits the sprayer device at a head end thereof.

Abstract: A scanner and associated method for detecting pressures on a test member are provided. The scanner can be provided with an electronic module that includes an analog-digital (A/D) converter associated with each channel of the scanner and configured to provide digital signals representative of the pressures detected by pressure sensor elements associated with various locations on the test member. The electronic module can also include amplifiers and/or a multiplexer so that the output of the scanner provides an amplified and/or multiplexed digital output signal representative of the detected pressures. In some cases, the A/D converters and amplifiers can be provided in a single, mixed-signal chip of the scanner. The scanner can be small enough to be disposed in various locations in the test member, including small spaces that are generally incapable of accommodating conventional test equipment.

Abstract: A ventilation-mast monitoring system for filling stations contains a thermal through-flow measuring device (30) and a hydrocarbon-measuring device (30). The thermal through-flow-measuring device (30) has a heating device and a temperature sensor which is located in the flow path and reacts to the temperature of the heating device, and is configured to sense the gas volume flow escaping from a reservoir tank (1) via a ventilation mast (4) of the reservoir tank (1) of a filling station or entering the reservoir tank (1). The hydrocarbon-measuring device (30) is configured to sense the direction of the gas volume flow escaping from or entering the reservoir tank (1) via the ventilation mast (4). A control device which is configured to receive and to process measuring signals emitted by measuring devices of the system is preferably provided as a further system component.

Abstract: A fluid flow detecting apparatus is disclosed for detecting a characteristic of fluid flowing in a fluid passage. The fluid flow detecting apparatus includes a sensor body that defines a bypass passage for flow of a portion the fluid flowing in the fluid passage. The apparatus also includes a sensor provided in the bypass passage for detecting the characteristic of the fluid flowing in the bypass passage and a plurality of plates. The sensor body is provided between the plurality of plates. Each of the plates has a width dimension oriented approximately along the direction of flow of fluid flowing in the fluid passage. The width of the plates is greater than a corresponding width dimension of the sensor body such that the sensor body is inside a region defined between the plates.

Abstract: A flow sensor is provided having a substrate with a sensing element and flow channel aligned over the sensing element. The sensing element senses at least one property of a fluid. The flow channel is aligned by one or more guide elements formed in an alignment layer. The flow channel across the sensing area is accurately and precisely aligned due to the guide elements provided at the wafer-level, facilitating reliable, low-cost, and consistent results among multiple flow sensors. The flow sensor is adapted for use in harsh environments.

Abstract: A volume indicator for use with a container is provided. The indicator includes a body having a gradient opening defined therethrough at a predetermined angle. The gradient opening is associated with a predetermined volume or height of material in the container. The predetermined angle compensates for a line of sight angle of a user into the container.

Abstract: A capacitive fluid level sensor is disclosed that operates without the use of a float, wherein coplanar sensing electrodes disposed onto a dielectric substrate and positioned proximate a dielectric wall of a vessel containing a fluid, form a fringing field capacitance that changes in accordance with changes in the level of the fluid. The electrodes are electrically insulated from the measured fluid. The electrodes are sized and spaced to maximize response of the capacitance to changes in the level of the fluid, while minimizing the effects of the dielectric wall. The sensor is fabricated such that it can be positioned against the outside of a dielectric wall of a vessel, or embedded within a dielectric material. A low permitivity spacer and shield assembly are taught which reduces sensitivity to electric fields external to the vessel.

Abstract: A one-piece molded polymeric sight gauge shield with internal cylindrical bore and method for making same are disclosed, along with a liquid-containing urn including same. The shield is molded by mating first and second mold portions about first and second spaced-apart cores to define: (i) a first annular void about the first core; and, (ii) a second annular void about the second core. The first and second mold portions respectively comprise first and second stand-up portions that first and second sidewall voids between themselves and the mating mold portion. First and second end portions of a gauge shield member are molded by filling the first and second voids, while the first and second sidewalls of the gauge shield member are molded by filling the first and second sidewall voids. The molding operation is a single-axis straight-pull molding method.

Abstract: A device which is used to measure the density of a liquid, includes an enclosure (1) which is impervious to the liquid to be measured. The enclosure (1) has a rigid deformation-resistant casing housing at least one reference body (3) which is suspended in the enclosure (1). The enclosure (1) can move in relation to the reference body (3) such as, in the fully submerged state, to occupy a position which is a function of the density of the liquid in which the device is submerged. In the position, the enclosure exerts a pressure or tensile force on a measuring device (2) the movement of which is limited by the reference body (3).

Abstract: An Integrated gyroscope includes a suspended mass; mobile actuation electrodes extending from the suspended mass; and a sensing mass connected to the actuation mass through coupling springs. The suspended mass is formed by an external part and an internal part, electrically separated by an electrical-insulation region having a closed annular shape. The electrical-insulation region is laterally completely surrounded by the external part and by the internal part. In one embodiment, the suspended mass has the shape of a closed frame delimiting an opening, the sensing mass is formed inside the opening and is connected to the internal part, and the mobile actuation electrodes are connected to the external part.

Abstract: A vibration gyro sensor is provided which is capable of generating time information and detecting an angular velocity. A driving signal for driving a tuning fork piezoelectric vibrating reed is generated based on an excitation signal generated by an oscillation circuit. An angular velocity signal is obtained based on a detection signal generated by a detection electrode of the tuning fork piezoelectric vibration reed. The excitation signal generated by the oscillation circuit is input to a divider such that a timer clock signal is generated.