Abstract: A fuel supply apparatus suppresses bubble generation of fuel in a delivery pipe and fuel leakage while suppressing power consumption. The fuel supply apparatus includes a fuel supply controller which is provided with a state determining unit that determines at least one of bubble generation of fuel in the delivery pipe and fuel leakage from a fuel injection valve to which fuel is supplied via the delivery pipe, and a fuel pressure controlling unit that activates a fuel feeding unit when the bubble generation is expected and activates a fuel pressure decreasing unit when the fuel leakage is expected. The fuel supply controller intermittently activates during the suspension of the operation of internal combustion engine using a timer, to adjust fuel pressure in the delivery pipe.

Abstract: An oil separator that removes oil from ventilation gases flowing between a crankcase and an intake manifold of an internal combustion engine. The oil separator includes a housing having an inlet and an outlet. The housing includes a guide wall having a plurality of holes to allow gases to flow therethrough between the inlet and the outlet. A plate is movably coupled to the housing for movement between a closed position blocking the flow of gases through the holes in the guide wall and an open position spaced apart from the guide wall to allow gases to flow through at least one of the holes in the guide wall. A diaphragm has a movable portion coupled to the plate. The diaphragm defines a substantially closed volume continuous with the intake manifold so that pressure changes in the intake manifold causes corresponding displacement of the movable portion and the plate relative to the housing.

Abstract: An engine (10) and a method of operating it during cold start and ensuing running using a cold start aid such as a glow plug control (24) and glow plugs (22). The control (24) monitors all glow plugs to distinguish between one that is effective and one that is ineffective. When a glow plug is disclosed to be ineffective, the engine control system (14) reduces the quantity of fuel introduced into the respective combustion chamber (12) in comparison to the quantity of fuel that would be introduced were the respective glow plug effective. This is beneficial in keeping the collection of hydrocarbons of surfaces of a diesel particulate filter (20) from increasing due to an ineffective glow plug.

Abstract: A riser for an archery bow is formed from a fibrous composite material, the matrix of which may be a high heat distortion thermoplastic polymer, a very high heat distortion thermoplastic polymer, or a combination thereof. The riser may incorporate a spine formed from a different polymer or composite than the rest of the riser, or from metal. A method for producing a riser for an archery bow includes the steps of introducing a polymeric composite into a mold from a first end of the mold to facilitate a particular orientation of components of the polymeric composite, molding the polymeric composite to produce a billet that approximates a net shape of the riser, and then machining the billet to the final shape of the riser.

Abstract: A paintball marker or other compressed gas firearm is provided including a ram driven by an electropneumatic valve when a trigger is actuated to cause a main valve between a high pressure air supply and a firing chamber to be opened. This ram assembly is independent from the main valve structurally and coupled to the air supply and electropneumatic valve sufficiently flexibly to allow the ram assembly to be operable when the ram assembly is displaced away from the main valve. A bolt is provided for directing pressurized air from the main valve to the firing chamber when the main valve is opened, and with the bolt configured to provide a high pressure air pathway which has a high degree of effectiveness in driving the ball out of the firing chamber without distorting a trajectory of the ball. The bolt can be stationary when air is flowing past the bolt.

Abstract: A skid plate for a concrete saw is integrally cast having two end mounting portions and a middle portion with a slot in the middle portion. A horizontal slot in a leading end mounting portion cooperates and a vertical slot in the trailing end portion releasably engage pins on the saw to allow the skid plate to be easily fastened to and removed from the saw. A spring loaded latch mechanism holds the pins in the slots. A replaceable insert is press fit or otherwise held in the skid plate, with the insert replacing portions of the skid plate adjacent an up-cutting edge of the cutting blade.

Abstract: A fireplace having a bottom venting arrangement is disclosed. The fireplace includes a firebox having a burner and a combustion chamber. Fumes produced by burning of gas at the burner are pulled into an upper exhaust plenum in the upper portion of the firebox. The upper exhaust plenum is in fluid communication with the combustion chamber. The upper exhaust plenum is also in fluid communication with an upper end of a substantially vertical exhaust passage. The lower end of the exhaust passage is in fluid communication with a blower opening in a bottom panel of the firebox. An intake side of a blower is attached to the blower opening. The blower also includes a discharge side, which is coupled to an exhaust port on the fireplace. The blower operates when a fire is burning, and fumes containing combustion products are drawn into the upper exhaust plenum.

Abstract: A heat-producing agglomerate contains particles of an acidic component selected from acid anhydrides, acid salts, and mixtures thereof, or a basic component selected from bases, basic anhydrides, basic salts, and mixtures thereof, or a mixture of such acidic and basic components. The heat producing agglomerate provides high heat output at a controllable rate of heat generation, minimizes safety and environmental risks, and is useful as a heat-producing component in self-heating packaging.

Abstract: To improve administration of powdered pharmaceuticals, a pharmaceutical powder cartridge (1) for powder inhalers for holding a pharmaceutical depot for a large number of pharmaceutical powder doses is proposed, having at least one storage space (6) and an integrated metering device, said integrated metering device comprising at least one metering slide (9, 13, 14) which can be moved approximately transversely in a metering slide channel (12) at least from a filling position to an emptying position, approximately transversely with respect to the direction of flow of the pharmaceutical powder out from the at least one storage space (6), said metering slide channel (12) with the at least one metering slide (9, 13, 14) being sealed off from the environment at least in the filling position of the metering slide (9, 13, 14), and also further measures and a corresponding inhaler.

Abstract: A dispensing apparatus for dispensing a unit dose of a pharmaceutical substance, in particular for intranasal administration, is described. The apparatus includes a nozzle unit having a safety cap thereon and an actuating device. The safety cap has legs, which can locate within the actuating device. Upon mounting the nozzle unit on the actuating device, the legs on the safety cap push down a ram in the device against the action of a spring, until the head of the ram engages over a shoulder. The ram is released by depression of a button on the device and by relative movement of two parts of the device.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a novel tube-in-tube endotracheal tube apparatus that allows for replacement or cleaning of an inner (first) tube without having to re-intubate the patient. The novel endotracheal tube apparatus enables the application of continuous suction or intermittent suction. The endotracheal device also serves to decrease the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP).

Abstract: Apparatus for preventing fluid transfer through an opening connecting an oviduct to a uterine cavity includes a body having a base with a periphery and a seal carried by the body for overlying and engaging uterine tissue leading to the opening. The seal receives fibroblast in-growth to create a hermetic seal between the oviduct and the uterine cavity. A peripheral anchor portion extends from the base for securing the body to the uterine tissue leading to the opening, the base overlying the opening.

Abstract: A forming device applied to a cigarette manufacturing machine causes a garniture tape 10 to travel through a wrapping section 8, and meanwhile wraps a shredded tobacco layer T in wrapping paper P to form continuously a cigarette rod R. The tape 10 is guided to travel by a forming guide 18 in the wrapping section 8, and is simultaneously bent to have a cross section of an arc that is downward convex. On the other hand, the travel of the tape 10 is guided by a pair of guide rollers 24 in upstream and downstream sides of the wrapping section 8, and the tape 10 is bent to have a cross section of an arc that is upward convex by guide surfaces of the rollers 24. Thus, difference of travel length, that is generated between both side edges and the central part of the tape 10 in the wrapping section 8, is offset by the guide rollers 24.

Abstract: A multiple clip hair fastener that comprises three or more claw clips attached together by spacer bands. The spacer bands are substantially rigid and are attached to each clip in such a manner as to restrict the movement of each clip from moving out of alignment in at least one direction. The clips can move in an up and down direction and not a side by side direction; this allows each clip to be attached one at a time to the hair, while the other clips are kept up and out of the way, while continuing to stay in alignment.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for treating surfaces of semiconductor wafers with a reactive gas, such as ozone, utilizes streams of gaseous material ejected from a gas nozzle structure to create depressions on or holes through a boundary layer of processing fluid formed on a semiconductor wafer surface to increase the amount of reactive gas that reaches the wafer surface through the boundary layer. The apparatus and method may be used to clean a semiconductor wafer surface and/or grow an oxide layer on the wafer surface by oxidation.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a system and method for removing contaminates from the surface of a shopping cart such as a grocery cart. The system includes subjecting the cart to multiple stages of disinfection, including washing, sanitizing, and drying stages. A shopping cart is subjected to these stages by conveying the cart on a conveyor system past a plurality of nozzles, which are configured to provide a disinfecting fluid such as water, sanitizer or air. The invention uses sensors to detect the location of a shopping cart during the sanitizing process. The sensors provide indications of the cart's location which may be used to control the operation of the disinfecting stages on the conveyor belt.

Abstract: A dishwasher includes a main body having an open front, a washer tub being extracted from and retracted into the main body through the open front, the washer tub having an open top, a lid for closing the open top of the washer tub when the washer tub is fully retracted to be accommodated in the main body, and an extension member extending backward from a top rear portion of the washer tub. When the washer tub is fully extracted from the main body, a rear end of an inner wall of the washer tub is located in front of a front end of the main body and a free end of the extension member is placed under the lid.

Abstract: A valve, system and method for the delivery of gases or liquids is shown where the delivery persons can fill the system without having to enter the building and the system can continue to deliver gas to the user. There is no interruption of service while the system is being filled.

Abstract: The present invention is a post yard hydrant with controlled adjustable flow. The post yard hydrant includes a valve housing located below ground level for connection to a water supply under pressure, a head portion with an integral discharge nozzle positioned above ground level, and a casing portion with a first end connected to the head portion and a second end connected to the valve housing. The post yard hydrant further includes an operating rod disposed in the casing portion for reciprocation therein and an operating means configured to interact through a flow control linkage to reciprocate the operating rod. The flow control linkage is adapted to adjust water flow from a trickle level to a full pressure level.

Abstract: A landscaping watering system has a probe for monitoring a moisture content of an area. A control unit is coupled to the probe for sending an activation signal to activate a flow of water when a signal from the probe indicates the moisture content of the area is below a predefined level. The control unit sends a deactivation signal to stop a flow of water when a signal from the probe indicates the moisture content of the area is above a predefined level. A water solenoid valve is coupled to a water line, the control unit and to at least one sprinkler. The water solenoid valve will receive the activation and deactivation signals from the control unit to start and stop a flow of water from the water line to the at least one sprinkler.

Abstract: The integrated jet fluid level shutoff sensor vent assembly is designed for use in conjunction with a non-pressurizing tank fast fill system, and to support automatic shutoff fast fill refueling of vehicles. The integrated jet fluid level shutoff sensor vent assembly is mounted to a fuel tank and exposed inside the fuel tank for sensing a predetermined level of fuel within the fuel tank and allowing fully vented refueling.

Abstract: The invention is for a safety valve for a piping system. The safety valve has a cylindrical housing, a piston assembly with two disc-shaped pistons, each piston having at least one orifice defined therein, a shaft connecting the pistons, a valve stem, and a stop attached to one end of the valve stem. The safety valve has a valve seat with an opening shaped and sized to receive the stop. The safety valve has a spring positioned in the housing against the piston assembly so that the spring exerts a spring force on the second piston in a direction opposite the direction of fluid flow. When fluid forces acting on the piston assembly exceed a spring force acting on the piston assembly, the piston assembly moves in the direction of flow until the stop engages the valve seat and shuts off flow through the safety valve.

Abstract: An electronically controlled back pressure regulator comprises an analysis device having a vent coupled to the analysis device through a vent path, a pressure sensor coupled to the vent path, a proportional valve coupled to the vent path, the proportional valve configured to controllably alter pressure in the analysis device, and an electronically controlled closed-loop controller configured to control a flow through the vent based on a signal from the pressure sensor and an electronically controlled pressure setpoint.

Abstract: A pressure reducing valve comprises a valve support member provided with a water passage, a valve seat fitting on the portion of the valve support member primary side relative to the secondary side end of the water passage, a cup-shaped valve body fitting on the secondary side end of the valve support member to slide and capable of abutting the valve seat at the open end, while enclosing the secondary side end of the water passage at the cylindrical portion, a seal member for sealing the sliding contact part between the valve support member and the valve body, and a resilient member disposed in the valve body to force the valve body away from the valve seat.

Abstract: A combination check valve and pressure rise rate valve is provided for regulating the flow of fluid between a first fluid side and a second fluid side. The valve may include a valve body, a valve insert positioned within an aperture of the valve body, and a check poppet attached to the valve insert. In addition, the valve may include a cylinder positioned within the valve insert, a piston slidably positioned within the cylinder, a spring positioned between the cylinder and the valve insert, and an accumulator formed between the cylinder and the piston.

Abstract: A pressure regulator for a fuel supply system of an internal combustion engine for regulating a fuel pressure, including a valve, having a valve ball forced against a valve seat into the closing position by the action of a valve leaf spring. With the valve open, at least some of the fuel flow that flows around the valve ball is deflected against an impact face coupled with the valve leaf spring for generating a flow force oriented counter to the closing force of the valve leaf spring. As a result, the pressure regulating performance of the pressure regulator is improved.

Abstract: A pressure regulator for regulating fuel pressure in an internal combustion engine, containing a valve including a closing member forced into a valve seat by the action of an angularly shaped valve leaf spring one arm of which is braced on the closing member and the other arm is braced on a support member of a regulator housing. In the region of its angled portion, the leaf spring is fixed on a pin supported in the regulator housing, and the bearing of the pin in the regulator housing contains side walls of the regulator housing that wrap around bearing bores in the valve leaf spring with parallel spacing and that extend substantially perpendicular to the pin. The side walls are overlapped at least in part by tabs that are connected to the support member of the regulator housing and are provided with bearing bores for the pin which are coaxial relative to the bearing bores in the side walls.

Abstract: A system conveys two gases separately until controlled delivery and gas mixing are desired. The device maintains separation between the two gases with sealed, high temperature materials, and a geometry that contains gas flow channels that do not allow gas mixing. The present design provides a seal at the interfaces between components. An outer ring and an inner spool are assembled together to form a single component that accommodates the input of two, initially separate gases, and then contains and conveys the two gases separately to an exit surface where outlet holes allow the two gases to mix and react in a controlled manner upon exiting the component. The inlet holes for both gases are located on one side of the spool. The exit holes are formed in a centralized, alternating, completely interspersed array or grid-like pattern on the opposite surface of the spool.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus according to various aspects of the present invention comprise an on-off controller configured to control the flow of pressurized pneumatic fluid. In one embodiment, the on-off controller comprises a body having an inlet, at least one outlet, a vent, a vent passage, a rod positioned axially in the body, a position mechanism configured to move the rod axially in the body, a seal configured to sealably contact the rod and seal the vent passage, wherein the position of the rod may define operating states comprising: an on-state, an off-state, and a vent-state.

Abstract: The present invention provides for a bridge fitting for use in a fluid manifold system for being in fluid communication with two or more surface mounted fluid components having an inlet port and an adjacent outlet port. The invention also provides for a housing with a first port connected to a second port, with an internal fluid passageway joining the first and second ports and at least one projection extending from the housing. The bridge fittings may be mounted in a channel block having a groove and an aligned hole for receiving the projection. Another embodiment of the invention provides for a modular surface mount check valve with a valve body having a mounting flange connected thereto, the flange being substantially planar and having an inlet passage located about the center of the flange and an outlet passage located adjacent the inlet passage.

Abstract: A portable gas supply apparatus comprises first and second storage tanks, a first pressure reducing device, a manifold and a first pneumatic connector fitting. The first storage tank includes an internal cavity for holding a supply of a pressurized fluid at a relatively high pressure, and is thermally uninsulated such that the pressurized fluid therewithin remains at ambient temperature. The first pressure reducing device has an inlet in fluid communication with the internal cavity of the first storage tank and an outlet. The first pressure reducing device reduces the pressure of fluid flowing therethrough from the relatively high pressure at the inlet to a first relatively lower pressure at the outlet. The manifold has a plurality of manifold connection points in fluid connection with one another. A first of the manifold connection points is in fluid communication with the outlet of the first pressure reducing device.

Abstract: A thermoplastic pipe liner assembly and method for installation in a pipeline by pulling the pipe liner assembly through the pipeline in a temporarily folded condition wherein the thermoplastic pipe liner assembly has a core inner liner, an outer liner with optional grooving for annular communication, orbitally wound strength and intermediate layers, two or more tension deformation members to sustain the tension needed to pull the pipe liner assembly through the pipeline for several miles and to assist in maintaining the temporarily folded condition. Also included are optional instrumentation circuits. Also disclosed is a method for the manufacture of the pipe liner assembly and concurrent installation in a pipeline.

Abstract: A gas recirculation system at a filling station is controlled during a refuelling process by generating a corrective control signal used for the next refuelling process, to actuate the gas recirculation system and control the gas volume flow, based on the fuel volume flow signal and the gas volume flow signal as well as optionally further signals.

Abstract: In a system and method for ensuring that a liquid ring vacuum pump contains an optimum amount of barrier fluid the pump and a vessel for containing barrier fluid are set at respective levels such that, when the pump is at rest and the level of barrier fluid id at its optimum the level of the fluid in the vessel is at a convenient and pre-selected level with respect to the height of the vessel. In operation of the pump, if the level of the barrier fluid in the vessel departs from the pre-selected level as detected by detecting means, the vessel is automatically charge with barrier fluid from a barrier fluid supply, or barrier fluid is automatically discharged from the vessel, as appropriate. The correct level or quantity of barrier fluid in the pump is thereby maintained.

Abstract: The invention concerns a device wherein the diffusion chamber (6) comprises, between its upstream end and its downstream end, in the direction of the fluid flow, at least an insert (12) formed by an annular ring having an external diameter identical to the internal diameter of the chamber, said annular ring being arranged perpendicular to the axis of the supply conduit and projecting towards the inside part of the chamber from the side wall(s) thereof, to form a lateral obstacle to the fluid flow, the solid surface of the insert (12) being sufficient to generate in the upstream part of the chamber a pressure higher than that of the downstream part.

Abstract: A fuel filler neck assembly having a uniform hemmed connection between an outer funnel portion and an inner funnel portion. The outer funnel portion is typically defined by an offset-expanded cylinder and sidewalls of varying thickness. The inner funnel portion includes sidewalls that have an internal thread, which is configured to mate with the threads of a gas cap. A hemmed connection is used to join one end of the outer funnel portion to one end of the inner funnel portion. The sidewalls at one end of the outer funnel portion are folded or bent inwardly and around the rim portion to define a curled portion. A tooling assembly for producing a uniform hemmed connection between one end of the outer funnel portion and one end of the inner funnel portion. A method of producing a uniform hemmed connection between portions of a fuel filler neck.

Abstract: A bridge and adapter system for a bag-in-box packaging filler is shown to include an adapter providing a quick connection between the supply line and the dispensing member of the bag-in-box packaging. A bridge is adapted to sit longitudinally across the box of the bag-in-box packaging and is adapted to engage with both the adapter and the dispensing member of the bag-in-box packaging in order to provide support of the adapter and dispensing member, therein. The adapter includes air vents which facilitate the escape of air in the bag-in-box while it is being displaced with other contents from the supply line. The upper end portion of the adapter includes a cam lock connector for connecting the supply line.

Abstract: A tire containing a carcass ply formed along a tread portion, a shoulder portion and a sidewall portion. The carcass ply is reinforced by a belt ply and a band ply and the belt ply includes a fold-back portion. A buffer layer is formed between the belt ply and the band ply. A dimension (SW) of the inner end of the fold-back portion is set to be 20% to 40% of a tread width (TW). A width (JW) of the band ply is set to be 20% to 65% of the tread width (TW). A dimension of the overlap of the fold-back portion and the band ply is set to be equal to or smaller than 15 mm.

Abstract: Continuous installation (10) for the production of plastic laminates including multi-layer laminates (110, 120, 130), comprising a cold press (11) having a lower fixed plate (12) on which is laid a band of aluminium for carrying and drawing inside the press strips of copper (50, 90) and bands of pre-preg (70, 71, 80, 81) partially sliding on the surface of a structure (60) upstream of the press, to allow multi-layer laminates (130) to be placed on said bands (70, 71), said aluminium band (20) remaining in continuous contact with a pair of electrodes (30, 31), placed respectively at the entry to and at the exit from the press, and connected to the electric circuit of a generator (40) of electric current so that, on closure of the press and of said electric circuit, the fraction of metal band (20) comprised between the two electrodes (30, 31) functions as an electric resistance generating the heat needed for pressing.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method including the steps of cutting a wafer to prepare a row block having a plurality of head elements arranged in a matrix, bonding a plate member to one side surface of the row block, bonding a row tool to another side surface of the row block bonded to the plate member opposite to the one side surface, and cutting the row block to prepare a row bar bonded to the row tool and having a row of the head elements. A bonding apparatus for realizing the above bonding steps is also disclosed.

Abstract: A master processing apparatus for performing a master processing operation on a target substrate includes a frame, a supply, and a processor. The supply includes a plurality of pouches. The pouch holder enables the pouches to be successively exposed as a leading pouch in an operative position wherein one of the sheets of the leading pouch can be unfolded away from the other sheet to open the leading pouch into an open position for receipt of the target substrate.

Abstract: An auto-reversible folding door includes a sliding rail, a first door panel and a second door panel. The first door panel and the second door panel are pivotally connected, the top of the outer flange of the first door panel is pivotally coupled within the sliding rail, a clamping device located inside a sliding rail can clamp an inserting clasp of the guide pulley at the upper portion of the second door panel, a swivel spring having a first end attached to the sliding rail, a second end linked to the guide pulley of the second door panel. When pulling the second door panel toward the first door panel, the inserting clasp and the clamping device are positioned by the interlock relationship. When pressing the second door panel, the clamping device will release the inserting clasp and the second door panel is pulled back to its original position.

Abstract: An apparatus and process for manufacturing a disc rotor made of a metal-based composite material, which enables stabilization of a preform support within a disc rotor casting cavity while minimizing likelihood of damaging of preforms. The apparatus comprises a lower die 10 and a movable core assembly 20 which constitutes a disc rotor casting cavity 18; a preform supporting portion 24a which is provided on a movable core assembly 20; a pressurizing and shaping portion 32 of an upper die 30 for applying pressure upon a molten metal accommodated in the cavity 18; and a preform biasing mechanism 40 having a biasing face 41b which can be brought into a face-to-face contact with the upper face of a preform 5 which is supported on the preform supporting portion 24a. On application of pressure upon the molten metal, the preform biasing mechanism 40 biases the preform 5 via the biasing face 41b to prevent the preform 5 from being shifted due to an increase in the pressure upon the molten metal.

Abstract: An ingot mold for metals which is intended for the production of an ingot through the cooling and solidification of a liquid metal mass. The mold includes a wall which defines a base and an inner surface having a part S, known as the cooling surface, which can discharge all or part of the heat energy released by the metal mass during the cooling and solidification thereof. The cooling surface S includes at least one flat surface element Si which forms all or part of the base (4) of the ingot mold. There is also at least one point C on a plane Pi which is tangential to each surface element Si, such that all of the segments of a straight line D connecting every point R of the cooling surface S to point C are only located inside the mold. Further, the total area of surface elements Si is at least equal to 10% of the surface S. The ingot mold can be used to accelerate the production of ingots.

Abstract: At least one feed core and at least one wall cooling core are assembled with a number of elements of a die for forming a cooled turbine engine element investment casting pattern. A sacrificial material is molded in the die. The sacrificial material is removed from the die. The removing includes extracting a first of the die elements from a compartment in a second of the die elements before disengaging the second die element from the sacrificial material. The first element includes a compartment receiving an outlet end portion of a first of the wall cooling cores in the assembly and disengages therefrom in the extraction.

Abstract: The invention relates to a side wall (1) of a plant for the continuous casting of metal strip (5) between two counter-rotating rolls (2, 2?) having horizontal axes and being internally cooled, the surfaces of which define a casting space confined laterally by two side walls (1) made of refractory, of the type comprising: a support plate (6) on the front face of which a recess (7) is made; an insert (9) made of hard material placed around the periphery of the recess (7); a lining (11) that fills the remainder of the recess (7); characterized in that the front face (12), turned towards the casting space, of the said lining (11) is set back by a maximum distance (d) from the front face (13) of the insert (9) over at least part of its length.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for prolonging the stability (working life) of a ceramic slurry and other aqueous mixture or dispersion containing a liquid silica-bearing or other component as well as the raw liquid silica-bearing component in ambient air over time by providing a gas blanket that reduces exposure to ambient air.

Abstract: A heat exchanger includes a plurality of flat tubes. The flat tubes have a pair of tube sheets facing each other and joined together. The tube sheets have a flat part, a recess part, and a cylindrical tank. The tube sheet is one of a first tube sheet and a second tube sheet. The first tube sheet has a first type of tank. The second tube sheet has the first type of tank and a second type of tank. Identifiers are provided at each end of the second tube sheet. The identifiers distinguishing the second tube sheet from the first tube sheet when viewed from externally of the stacked flat tubes. A mark provided at one of the identifiers of the second tube sheet.

Abstract: A heat transfer element includes a container having a heat input section for receiving heat generated by a heating element and a heat output section for radiating the heat outside, and condensable working fluid that is vacuum-sealed in the container to transfer the heat received from the heat input section to the heat output section and that is moved between the heat input section and the heat output section by a capillary action member. The container is composed of a resin containing a thermoconductive material. A cooling device includes the heat transfer element, a heat sink disposed adjacent to the heat output section to radiate the heat received from the heat output section, and a fan for supplying cooling air to the heat sink.

Abstract: A more efficient cooling system for densely packed electronic components for use in an out-of-doors equipment enclosure. An array of cooling assemblies are placed on heat generating components mounted to printed circuit boards mounted in enclosure racks. Each board has a manifold for intake and exhaust of refrigerant, and larger rack manifolds are substituted for rails and are attached to a backplane. A hybrid package including a ceramic hybrid power module and an attached array of cooling assemblies provide even more density of components and improved cooling.