Abstract: A power tool has a housing having a drive portion for turning a fastener to tighten or loosen the fastener, the drive portion having two opposite sides spaced from one another in one direction and two connecting elements spaced from one another in another direction which is transverse to the one direction, the connecting elements including a first connecting element to connect with a fastener to be turned and a second connecting element to connect with an adjacent fastener so as to stop the power tool from turning around the fastener to be turned. The connecting elements being movable in the one directions to a first position wherein both elements are on one side of the drive portion and to a second position wherein both elements are on the opposite side of the drive portion and being fixedly secured in the two positions.

Abstract: A returning assembly of a spanner includes a driving portion having a receiving space, a switch unit and an ejecting unit having a truncated conic shape; a radial direction of the driving head having a slightly inclined buckling surface; the buckling surface and an inner wall of the receiving space being formed with a semilunar buckling space for receiving the ejecting unit; the ejecting unit serving for controlling the returning directions of the driving head. The driving head has a driving block which are arranged at an axial direction of the driving head for installing a socket or other driving assembly. A switch unit is installed in the driving head. The switch unit has a control end projected from the driving portion and a resisting end. The ejecting unit having a receiving chamber for receiving a resisting unit for firmly securing the ejecting unit in the buckling space.

Abstract: A clamping device for providing high twisting forces and low damage to a screw device comprises a handle; a driving portion formed with a space; the space including at least two resisting portions and at least two adhesion portions; the resisting portions and adhesion portions being alternatively arranged; each of the connection of the resisting portion and the adhesion portion being formed with a recess for receiving apexes of a screw means so as to prevent the screw means from damage; and each resisting portion having two cambered protrusions at two ends and three sharp teeth between the two cambered protrusions; the apexes of cambered protrusions and sharp teeth being collinear. Furthermore, the driving portion of the present invention can be used to a sleeve so that sleeve has the same function of the driving portion. Thereby it is preferred that there are three resisting portions and three adhesion portions.

Abstract: An adjustable socket having first and second jaw members having manually selectable sizes. An exterior drive unit and a moveable inner driver unit each having serrated interlocking teeth are positioned to either engage during wrenching, or to be disengaged for socket size manual adjustments. The opposing first and second jaw members are forced by axial rotation of a spiral cam element located on the open top end of the outer drive unit to move laterally, inward or outward, when a user pulls the inner driver unit in a first direction and rotates the inner drive unit such that the first and second jaw members are positioned to engage a selected fastener head.

Abstract: An insertion type hand tool comprises a tool body having a handle and a connecting portion extended from the handle; the connecting portion having a combining groove; a driving portion having an engaging end corresponding to the connecting portion; at least one side of the engaging end being formed with an inclined side for resisting against the combining groove of the connecting portion so that the orientation of the driving portion is adjustable with respect to the connecting portion; one side of the engaging end near the driving portion having a flat side; the flat side being adjacent with an inclined side; and an elastic unit is installed in the engaging end of the driving portion so as to be positioned in a positioning hole of the connecting portion.

Abstract: Provided is a bit holder device which is capable of driving a screw into a workpiece, while holding the screw having a groove in which a bit body is inserted, and which makes it possible to change the bit body without removing it from a chuck of an electric tool, etc. A bit holder device facilitating the attachment and detachment of a cylindrical body is also provided. A bit holder device for driving a screw, while holding the screw against detachment from a bit body with retaining a state where an end of the bit body is inserted in a groove on a head of the screw, has a cylindrical cover member removably fitted about the bit body from the end of the bit body, the cover member has an end including a magnetic attracting portion for magnetically attracting the head of the screw, and the bit body protrudes from the end of the cover member.

Abstract: The device is constructed with a tensioning spindle (12), a counter-holder (14) and a carrier (30), at least the tensioning spindle (12) being mounted such that it is rotatable about the longitudinal axis, and the carrier (14) being fixed to the tensioning spindle (12) and, when the workpiece (50) is clamped between the tensioning spindle (12) and the counter-holder (14), being capable of being brought into engagement with the workpiece (50) in such a way that it transmits a rotary movement of the tensioning spindle (12) to the workpiece (50). The device furthermore provides for the carrier to have a spring element (30) which can be coupled to the workpiece (50) under prestress to transmit a torque.

Abstract: A table saw (10) includes a table top (16) over which a saw blade (20) is positioned. The upper region is covered by a guard (26) which is height-adjustable relative to the saw blade (20) in particular, and the saw blade (20) is angularly-displaceable relative to the table top (16). A gap (32) is located between the guard (26) and the table top (16). The table saw is made safer to handle by the fact that the guard (26) includes a protective panel (36) which is movably supported relative to the guard (26) and closes the gap (32) in a manner such that it cannot be penetrated by the operator's fingers.

Abstract: A pinmat (12) for perforating a composite laminate sheet (20). The pinmat (12) includes a mat portion (22) and a series of pins (24) extending from the mat portion (22). Each pin (24) has a shank portion (30) extending from the mat portion (22) and a tip portion (32) extending from the shank portion (30). The tip portion (32)includes a base portion (34) extending from the shank portion (30), an accelerating portion (36) extending from the base portion (34), and a piercing portion (38) extending from the accelerating portion (36). The piercing portion (38) is utilized for penetrating the composite laminate sheet (20) within a substantially low range of applied pressure for forming a hole within the composite laminate sheet (20). Moreover, the accelerating portion (36) is utilized for penetrating the composite laminate sheet (20) at a substantially high speed for forcing the base portion (34) into the composite laminate sheet (20) within the substantially low range of applied pressure.

Abstract: A sawing machine includes a workbench, a band saw pivotally installed on the workbench, a weight movable between an idle position on the workbench and a working position on the band saw and an adjustable torque provider for providing an adjustable torque to the band saw. The adjustable torque is set to a maximum when the weight is in the idle position in order to lift the band saw from the workbench. The adjustable torque is set to a minimum when the weight is in the working position in order to lower the band saw toward the workbench.

Abstract: An ordnance system and method for controlling an ordnance system is provided. The system and method utilizes an addressable common, or shared, bus configured to transmit and receive data thereon. The addressable bus has further coupled thereto an ordnance controller including a control process and a telemetry process configured to control the addressable bus. The ordnance system further includes at least one initiator coupled to the addressable bus and responsive to the control process and at least one telemetry sensor coupled to the addressable bus and configured to interact with the telemetry process. The method provides control for the ordnance system by receiving telemetry data from a telemetry sensor over an addressable bus with an ordnance being further controlled by an ordnance controller over the addressable bus.

Abstract: A firearm bolt locking mechanism includes a locking pin in the bolt carrier of a firearm like an AK-47 assault rifle or variant thereof. The locking pin is normally urged from the bolt carrier by a compressed spring. The mechanism also includes a pivot arm mounted on the receiver cover of the firearm. The pivot arm has a spring-biased finger that normally fills a hole in the receiver cover. The mechanism further includes a magazine that stops the bolt of the firearm when the last cartridge from the magazine is fired and permits the spring to drive the locking pin into the hole. After replacing the empty magazine with a full one, the pivot arm is pressed to replace the locking pin in the hole with the finger and to release the bolt carrier to chamber a cartridge.

Abstract: A hydraulic circuit is disclosed that can include a flow control element, a pressure compensator connected via a pair of load sense lines to an inlet line and an outlet line, respectively, of a flow control element to provide a constant pressure drop across the flow control element, and a load sense line control valve installed in a load sense line to provide controllable resistance in a flow passage in opposite flow directions, the resistance in each flow direction being different. The load sense line control valve can include a restrictive orifice followed by a spring-loaded check valve in a first flow direction and at least one other restrictive orifice and a check valve in a second flow direction, the second flow direction opposing the first flow direction.

Abstract: The actuating device is capable of automatically eliminating a clearance between a contact body and a rail. The actuating device comprises: a moving body guided by the rail; the contact body contacting the rail; and a pressure unit biasing the contact body toward the rail or in a pressing direction. The pressure unit comprises: a rod having one end, which contacts the moving body, and the other end, the rod being capable of moving in the pressing direction; a first biasing member biasing the rod; a casing covering an outer face of the rod, the casing having an inner face, whose distance from the outer face of the rod is gradually reduced toward the other end of the rod; and a spherical body contacting the inner face of the casing and the outer face of the rod.

Abstract: A direct-fired steam generator used for supplying steam for re-hydrating dry crop during baling is controlled so as to produce a desired constant steam temperature output by collecting data from which the heat output of the steam generator can be calculated and using this calculation together with the difference between the actual steam temperature and the desired steam temperature to control the amount of process water sent to the steam generator in order to correct any error in steam temperature. Steam temperature is measured in either one of the steam injection manifolds or in an injection tube coupled to an injection manifold so as to be close to the point of application of the steam to the crop.

Abstract: A printing machine includes a support stand, a plate rotational with respect to the stand about an axis of rotation, elements for driving the plate in rotation, at least two mandrels for holding two articles to be printed in succession, the mandrels being carried by the plate, elements for driving the mandrels in rotation about axes of rotation parallel to the axis of rotation of the plate, and a plurality of workstations distributed around the rotational plate. The machine includes elements for the displacement of each mandrel in a plane parallel to the plane of the plate, in order to modify the spacing between the axis of rotation of the mandrel and the axis of rotation of the plate. The elements for the displacement of the mandrels are designed to synchronize the displacement of each mandrel with the rotation of the plate.

Abstract: A method for operating a printing group and a device for the use of a printing ink in a rotary printing press is disclosed. The tack of an ink that is used in a printing group of a rotating printing press, or the temperature of a rotating component in the printing group is selected or controlled. The ink itself is temperature regulated in response to production speeds to maintain the ink tackiness in the desired range. A gradient that sets forth an interrelationship between ink tackiness, temperature and production speed can be used in a control device for use in temperature regulation.

Abstract: A method and a system controlling the operation of a safe and arm device. The embodiments include continually utilizing a rule based computation to generate an output signal to be sent to a controller affecting the operation of the safe and arm (S&A) device towards the safe condition or towards the armed condition.

Abstract: A liner for a shaped charge having a composition comprising greater than 90% by weight of powdered tungsten and up to 10% by weight of powered binder, the composition being formed into a substantially conically shaped body and having a crystal structure of substantially equi-axed grains with a grain size of between 25 nano-meters and 1 micron.

Abstract: The pyrotechnic animal dispersal device includes an aerodynamic stabilizer for attachment to a pyrotechnic rocket cartridge and a connector sleeve for joining an explosive cartridge to the rocket cartridge. The connector sleeve has an annular disc disposed therein so that slow burning fuel from the rocket cartridge can pass through the disc and detonate the explosive cartridge when the rocket cartridge nears the end of its flight, thereby extending the range of the explosive cartridge. The cartridges are of the pyrotechnic variety launched from a handheld launcher.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided for a low shock separation joint. The separation joint comprises a male member, a female member, and an explosive device. At least one projection is formed on the male and female members. Surfaces of the at least one projection on the male and female members are mated to one another to prevent separation under compressive and tensile forces. The explosive device is placed within a cavity of the female member. A method for reducing shock in a separation joint is provided. An explosive device in the female member of the separation joint is detonated. A volume increase of the explosive device bends flanges of the female member away from one another. Surfaces in intimate contact with one another are moved out of contact with one another to decouple the male member from the female member.

Abstract: A KE rod warhead for artillery rockets contains a multiplicity of KE rod penetrators housed in trays and packaged into bays or tier packs that are stacked and positioned around a center column of the warhead. The warhead has a skin which is severed upon the rocket entering a target area. The KE rods are situated and housed in such a manner that upon release the rods experience a minimum of pitching or tumbling upon entering the air stream giving the rods an optimal lethality against a designated target. The KE rod artillery rocket contains no explosive munitions, so it can be used without civilian and environmental concerns over unexploded ordnance.

Abstract: A penetrator includes a fore body comprising a pin and having a center of aerodynamic pressure forward of a center of gravity and a stabilizing portion comprising a material of lower density than that of the fore body and a plurality of outwardly extending fins for improving an aerodynamic stability of the projectile and defining a bore in which the pin is received for removably attaching the fore body thereto such that, when attached to the fore body, a center of gravity for the penetrator is forward of a center of aerodynamic pressure for the penetrator.

Abstract: A “non pyrotechnic explosion device” closely replicates in sound and visual cue a “real” exploding device, but without the accompanying safety concerns. This device is not only realistic and safe, but is inexpensive to operate and maintain, durable, and easy to transport and operate. It provides the user with numerous options for employment from mine, bomb, and improvised explosive device (ied) simulators to an artillery impact simulator. The device is comprised of a pressurized chamber, a pressure release device, an expulsion substance container, and a rupture-able/explosion tube assembly.

Abstract: A munition and method of making same comprising at least partially surrounding a warhead with a protective barrier comprising pumice and surrounding the protective barrier with a shroud.

Abstract: An articulated railway bogie connector 10 is shown comprising a male connector component 12 and a female connector component 14. The articulated connector 10 is adapted to pivotally mount to a bolster 54 of a railway bogie 50. The male and female connector components 12, 14 are arranged to be welded to a skeletal body of adjacent railway wagons. The male and female connector components 12, 14 each include a pair of constant contact sidebearer outrigger brackets and associated wear plates located. The outrigger brackets such as 16A/B are in the form of a pair of wing members cast integral with and extending laterally of the male connector component 12. However the wing members such as 16A/B may be welded or otherwise formed integral with, in this instance, the male connector component 12. The outrigger brackets or wing members 16A/B and 18A/B are adapted for fixing of a wear plate which is arranged in use to contact corresponding constant contact sidebearers mounted to the articulated bogie 50.

Abstract: A boxcar and load restraint system are provided with improved load carrying capabilities and performance characteristics of uninsulated boxcars and insulated boxcars. An insulated boxcar with the load restraint system may have increased load carrying capacity, increased service life, and reduced maintenance costs as compared to conventional insulated boxcars. All or portions of the load restraint system may be used in uninsulated boxcars.

Abstract: The present invention is a system and method of reducing nitrogen oxides in coal combustion exhaust gases and preventing fire and explosion in pulverized coal systems. The present invention first cools the flue gas exiting a boiler of the pulverized coal system with an air preheater. The present invention removes any particles such as fly ash from the cooled flue gas with an electro-static precipitor or a bag house and recirculates the flue gas. The temperature of the recirculated flue gas is adjusted to a desired temperature and is injected into the pulverizer with combustion air from the air preheater, creating a safer environment for pulverizing the fuel. This mixture of pulverized fuel, air and flue gas is then burned in the boiler, resulting in a cleaner output containing significantly less nitrous oxide.

Abstract: A method of operating a combustion process in a cyclone burner, after start-up thereof, is provided. A fuel and a combustion gas is fed into a combustion chamber of the cyclone burner. The velocity of the combustion gas is kept between a lower and an upper limiting gas velocity. The stoichiometric condition (sub- or over-stoichiometric) is maintained by controlling the amount of fed oxygen to the amount of fed fuel. A shift is made to the other stoichiometric condition while preventing the combustion gas from obtaining a velocity outside the range defined by the lower and upper limiting gas velocity.

Abstract: A furrow opener apparatus includes a parallel link trailing arm having a rear link that is maintained substantially horizontal as the arm moves up and down. Front and rear furrow openers are attached to the rear link. A packer wheel arm is attached to the rear link and extends rearward and downward from the rear link, and a packer wheel is mounted to the packer wheel arm and aligned with one of the furrow openers. A bias device exerts a downward bias force on the trailing arm, furrow openers, and packer wheel. The furrow openers, the packer wheel, and the rear link are maintained in rigid orientation with respect to each other when in a working mode, and a vertical operating position of at least one of the furrow openers with respect to the packer wheel is adjustable to vary a depth of the furrow.

Abstract: A generally conically-shaped collapsible grain chute removably affixed to the bulk seed distributor of an agricultural planter to provide an effective and efficient apparatus for emptying the bulk seed bin. The chute may include a cinch cord to selectively open and close the chute to control the flow of seed therethrough.

Abstract: A surfing device is provided comprising a board-like body having a foam core, an upper side, and a lower side. The foam core is encased in laminate, wherein at least an edge region of at least one of the front longitudinal end, the rear longitudinal end, the left side, and the right side of the board-like body is provided with at least two woven laminate plies, at least one of which extends from the upper side to the lower side, or vice versa, about a profile of the corresponding end or side.

Abstract: A condensed retractable traffic cone is a device designed to provide motorists with advance warning of disabled vehicles and/or work zone areas. The device has been designed to withstand reasonable winds through the use of two base supports, a lower portion, a retractable arm and a series of retractable vertical risers. The retractable vertical risers in combination with a retractable arm allow for the device to easily expand to height consistent with traffic engineering design standards when in operation and then compact when it is in storage. The two base supports are designed not only to provide the necessary structural stability but to also open and close about the retractable vertical risers thus providing for additional compactness. The vertical risers are designed with flexible hinges so that they may store flat and expand to a rectangular shape when the base supports are rotated to an open position. This is accomplished a by linkage connecting the lower vertical riser and the base supports.

Abstract: A guidance marker for utilization with a fibrous web surface and providing an individual with a safe egress to an exit. The guidance marker includes a base carrying an indicator surface and at least one lock pin. The indicator surface is identifiable in the absence of normal lighting. The lock pin secures the base to the fibrous web surface.

Abstract: An in ovo jet injection apparatus and related methods for treating live eggs. The jet injection apparatus includes one or more jet injection delivery devices configured to deliver one or more treatment substances to predetermined areas of eggs using a high pressure stream of the treatment substance(s). Multiple treatment substances can be delivered so that they are spatially and/or temporally separate. The devices and methods of the invention enable the effective use of a plurality of treatment substances, including those that are effective when used alone but can be noxious if mixed. The methods and apparatus for the jet injection of substances into embryonic chicks reduce the risk of mechanical injury to the developing birds that would be caused by injection needles. The methods and apparatus of the invention can also reduce the introduction of an infection into the chicks.

Abstract: An assembly for feeding and milking animals. The assembly is provided with a feeding system comprising a movable feed platform and a drive unit for driving the feed platform, a number of feeding places being provided on the feed platform. The assembly also includes a milking system for, in particular automatically, milking animals on the feed platform, which milking system comprises a number of sets of teat cups. An area where the animals are allowed to move freely communicates via an entrance with the feed platform, the width of the entrance being sufficiently large to enable simultaneous access of several animals to the feed platform. The entrance is free from a closing device.

Abstract: A bird feeder hanger assembly having a pivot member adapted to be pivotably attached to the main body of a bird feeder; the pivot member having engaging means comprising a slot or the like; a hanger member also having engaging means configured to co-operate with the first member engaging means such that when connecting the assembly to the main body of a bird feeder the hanger member can first be pushed into the slot of the pivot member and then pulled along an axis of the slot so that the engaging means of the hanger member and the engaging means of the pivot member mutually engage.

Abstract: A birdseed dispenser and birdfeeder incorporating the same are provided. The dispenser has a base assembly mounted to a first opening formed in the sidewall of the birdseed reservoir, including a front plate having a second opening formed therein, a flange extending around the second opening and projecting away from the front plate, and an end wall supported by the flange such that the flange and end wall together define a chamber. The dispenser also includes an apertured piece received in the chamber having a first seed aperture of a first configuration and a second seed aperture of a different configuration. The apertured piece is moveable between a first orientation, which places the first seed aperture in a seed accessible state permitting birds access to the seed, and a second orientation to place the second seed aperture in the seed accessible state.

Abstract: A showering device for a bird includes a perch and a movable actuator disposed adjacent the perch. The showering device has sealable liquid dispenser disposed above the perch and at least one linkage mechanism connects the moveable actuator to the sealable liquid dispenser. The showering device includes a device for unsealing the liquid dispenser via the linkage mechanism allowing water to flow from the liquid dispenser due to a movement of the actuator toward the perch.

Abstract: An apparatus for a self-cleaning litter box having a control system for a mechanical self-cleaning mechanism. The litter box has a turret carrying a rake. The box includes an animal sensor that detects the presence of an animal in the box. A specified time after the animal leaves the box, the turret sweeps the rake through the litter, picks up the collected waste, and carries it to a waste bin, where the waste is dumped. The litter box is controlled by a processor executing a software program that monitors the instruments and sensors and controls the turret and rake motors. The software, in various embodiments, controls the rake motor and turret motor to execute a scoop sequence, a startup sequence, and a go home sequence.

Abstract: A cage is provided for holding and transporting livestock. The cage includes a door with a horizontal top rod that slides along a top member of a side grate when opening and closing the door. The cage also includes four lifting lugs to assist in the moving of the cages. Also provided is a method of loading livestock into such a cage.

Abstract: A container of a pet transporter defines an interior space for a pet. An interior space of the container is defined by a rigid chassis including a platform bounding a bottom of said interior space, a rear panel attached to said chassis and bounding a rear of said interior space, side panels respectively attached to opposite lateral sides of said chassis and bounding sides of said interior space, and a flexible top covering that is releasably fastened, directly or indirectly, to said chassis and which, when fastened thereto, extends in a closed covering position from the rear panel to a front of said chassis thereby bounding a top of said interior space. The chassis further includes a rear support frame and two pairs of side support frames. The platform, rear support frame, and two pair of side support frames comprise a single, inseparable structure.

Abstract: A low NOx water heater including a water container; a combustion chamber adjacent the water container; and a burner associated with the combustion chamber and arranged to combust fuel to heat water in the water container, the burner comprising a plenum chamber having a combustion surface and a device to detect the presence of the collection of lint, dirt and/or oil.

Abstract: Process to use water, methyl alcohol, and baking soda to make hydrogen and oxygen to increase fuel mileage on gasoline, diesel and LP gas engines using the process generally known as “Electrolysis” with many modifications. A device and method for producing hydrogen and oxygen gases from Water Solutions and simultaneously using the gases produced to supplement fuels used to operate the vehicle or engine. The solution used in the Electrolytic container is water and sodium bicarbonate. The hydrogen and oxygen—producing device is powered by as many as 5,500 amperes, generator or alternator, using the vehicle engine alternator or generator to produce the current to power the electrolytic cell. The electrolytic container is kept at a constant solution level. The water solution temperature may be controlled by either a low-pressure air conditioning line, a water-cooling line with a thermostatic control valve, on-off temperature control switch or water-cooling fins.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for using pure dry biomass carbohydrates as fuels, fuel extenders and fuel oxygenates. Preferably, the apparatus and method would be used in internal combustion engines. The apparatus and method disclose the concept of mixing dry carbohydrates with hydrocarbon fuel to create a carbohydrate slurry fuel that burns as efficiently and cleanly as gasoline alone.

Abstract: A combustion engine system comprises a plurality of cylinders configured to combust a mixed fuel to produce an exhaust gas and at least one reforming cylinder configured to receive a first portion of a fuel and deliver a reformed hydrogen-containing gas. The hydrogen-containing gas is introduced into a second portion of the fuel to form the mixed fuel to reduce emission from the combustion engine system.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for controlling a compression ignition internal combustion engine, which can easily cope with a wide range of demand loads. The compression ignition internal combustion engine 1 has a first fuel 2 containing ethanol, and reforming means 5 for reforming the first fuel into a second fuel having higher ignitability than the first fuel, by converting at least one part of ethanol contained in the first fuel 2 to diethyl ether, and each amount of the first fuel and the second fuel to be supplied to the compression ignition internal combustion engine is varied, in accordance with the change of a load required to the compression ignition internal combustion engine 1. Thus, the proportion of the first fuel to the total fuels supplied to the internal combustion engine 1 is increased, with the increase of the demand load, while the proportion of the second fuel to the total fuels supplied to the internal combustion engine 1 is increased, with the decrease of the demand load.

Abstract: A pivoted piston for an internal combustion engine. The piston has a pivot pin and an arcuate first sealing surface (12) which describes a circumferential path about the pivot pin which forms a removable and replaceable skirt to the piston. The piston also includes a second arcuate sealing surface which also describes a circumferential path about the pivot pin and which is connected to the first arcuate sealing surface (12) by a piston floor (21). The second arcuate sealing surface is composed of at least two arcuate sealing components (24) which are located on a bed (20) with the components (24) being located on the bed (20) so they will have limited transverse movement on the bed (20). The components (24) have mating faces which restrict the path of combustion gases between the mating faces. The piston further includes side seals which are located in grooves (63) in the side of the piston.

Abstract: A thermostat monitoring system is provided which comprises a coolant temperature detection member for detecting a temperature of a coolant. An intake air temperature detection member detects a temperature of ambient air introduced into combustion chambers. An intake air amount detection member detects an amount of intake air. An engine speed detection member detects an engine speed; a blower switch detects a selected contacting point for driving a blower motor; and a control unit calculates a primary modeled coolant temperature and an auxiliary modeled coolant temperature based on information detected by the coolant temperature detection member, the intake air temperature detection member, the intake air amount detection member, the engine speed detection member, and the blower switch, and for monitoring using the primary modeled coolant temperature and the auxiliary modeled coolant temperature to determine whether a thermostat is in a stuck-open state.

Abstract: A dual-circuit cooling system for a vehicle is disclosed. One of the circuits may be used to manage the temperature of the engine while the other circuit may be used to manage the temperature of a component other than the engine. An associated method is disclosed.