Abstract: A method and apparatus is disclosed for optic signal power control to maintain a desired or optimum optic signal power level. During start-up, a target value from memory may be utilized to control one or more power levels of an optic signal. There may comprise 2 or more different power levels for the optic signal. During operation, target values may continue to be utilized or an open loop or closed loop control system may be utilized. Compensation may occur for both additive noise/distortion and multiplicative noise/distortion. The compensation for one power level may be expanded or extrapolated to compensate for additive noise/distortion and multiplicative noise/distortion that affect other power levels.

Abstract: An optical mouse includes a base and a lens for forming an image on an image sensor package. An LED projects light into the field of view of the lens via a prism. The prism enables the LED to be set horizontally, which reduces optical losses. The prism and lens may form part of a single molding.

Abstract: An encoder for measuring the position of a rotating shaft is disclosed. The encoder includes a drum having an encoding track thereon and a detector module having a light source and a photodetector. The drum includes a cylindrical surface characterized by an axis, the drum having a surface with a normal perpendicular to the axis. The encoding track includes a plurality of alternating reflective and non-reflective stripes arranged on the cylindrical surface. The first light source illuminates the stripes at an opaque angle relative to the normal. The first photodetector is positioned to receive light from the light source that is reflected from the reflective stripes when the drum moves relative to the photodetector. In one embodiment, the drum rotates about the axis when the shaft rotates. The encoding track can be either on the inside or outside of the drum.

Abstract: Motion sensing apparatus including at least one light sensitive electronic component, said component responsive to at least a first and second incident light level each level creating in said light sensitive component a first state and a second state, wherein the apparatus is configured to measure the response of the light sensitive component during the first state for at least one of the incident light levels and to compare the response with a previously recorded value.

Abstract: A photoelectric encoder is provided, which emits light from a light source to a main scale and an index scale that can relatively move with respect to each other and obtains a light-receiving signal by interaction between the main scale and the index scale. The photoelectric encoder uses as the light source an incoherent semiconductor light source (white LED) in which a full width at half maximum of an emission spectrum is wider than that of a monochromatic semiconductor light source. Thus, it is possible to reduce an effect of a gap change on an output signal of the encoder and make positional adjustment easier, thereby improving misalignment characteristics.

Abstract: An interpolating detector for generating a position signal indicating a change in the relative position of a code pattern that includes alternating light and dark stripes is disclosed. The interpolating detector includes a photodiode array, an interpolation function generator, a detector function generator, and a cross-point detector. The photodiode array includes a plurality of sets of photodetectors that generate sinusoidal signals having different amplitudes and phases. The interpolation function generator generates first and second interpolation functions, I1(x)=f1 cos(x) and I2(x)=f2 sin(x), respectively, from the photodiode signals. The detector function generator generates 4 detector signals, D1(x)-D4(x), from the photodiode signals. The cross-point detector generates a transition signal when I1(x) crosses D1 or D3 or when I2(x) crosses D2 or D4.

Abstract: An optical device comprises a copper plate having an opening; a flexible board placed below the copper plate; a light receiving element substrate placed below the copper plate and mounted on a wiring pattern of the flexible board via bumps; a light emitting element and a light receiving element both provided at the principal surface of the light receiving element substrate; and a supporting frame supporting the flexile board in a downwardly posture. The supporting frame fixes the flexible board and the copper plate. Therefore, a thin optical device can be realized without employing a resin mold structure.

Abstract: There is provided a spread illuminating apparatus including a light guide plate, and an LED structure which is disposed at a side surface of the light guide plate, includes: a substrate having electrode patterns formed thereon; an LED chip disposed on the electrode patterns; and a light-transmittable resin adapted to seal up the LED chip and exposed due to a lamp house not provided therearound, and which has a longitudinal dimension substantially equal to the longitudinal dimension of the side surface of the light guide plate. The electrode patterns are formed so as to cover substantially the entire area of a surface of the substrate. Accordingly, heat generated by the LED chip can be efficiently transmitted and released outside, and also light introduced in the light guide plate is suppressed from leaking out from the side surface of the light guide plate.

Abstract: An accessory mounting system suitable for mounting a plurality of accessories at a windshield portion within the interior cabin of a vehicle includes a housing adapted for releasable mounting to a receiving structure on the interior surface of the windshield of the vehicle, and at least two accessories housed in said housing. One of the accessories comprises a forwardly-viewing camera, which views through the windshield of the vehicle when said housing is mounted to said receiving structure. The other of the accessories may be selected from the group consisting of: (a) a vehicle altitude sensor, (b) a vehicle incline sensor, (c) a headlamp sensor, (d) a geographic positioning satellite (GPS) transmitter, (e) a geographic positioning satellite (GPS) receiver, (f) an antenna, (g) a rain sensor, (h) a microphone, and (i) a compass sensor.

Abstract: The invention is based on an apparatus and a method for calibration of an optoelectronic sensor (3) that at least intermittently also receives UV light. A first response characteristic of the sensor (3) is ascertained by illuminating the sensor (3) with the light of a light source (1, 1a, 1b), varying the light quantity of the light incident onto the sensor (3), determining the magnitude of the electrical output signal of the sensor (3) as a function of the light quantity received by the sensor (3).

Abstract: A mass spectrometer 10 comprises an ion source 12 which generates nebulized ions which enter an ion cooler 20 via an ion source block 16. Ions within a window of m/z of interest are extracted via a quadrupole mass filter 24 and passed to a linear trap 30. Ions are trapped in a potential well in the linear trap 30 and are bunched at the bottom of the potential well adjacent an exit segment 50. Ions are gated out of the linear trap 30 into an electrostatic ion trap 130 and are detected by a secondary electron multiplier 10. By bunching the ions in the linear trap 30 prior to ejection, and by focussing the ions in time of flight (TOF) upon the entrance of the electrostatic trap 130, the ions arrive at the electrostatic trap 130 as a convolution of short, energetic packets of similar m/z. Such packets are particularly suited to an electrostatic trap because the FWHM of each packet's TOF distribution is less than the period of oscillation of those ions in the electrostatic trap.

Abstract: There is provided an ion-mobility spectrometer. This apparatus includes the following configuration components: An ion source for generating first ions, a first drift unit for separating the first ions by flight drift times, an ion dissociation unit for generating second ions by dissociating the first ions separated, and a second drift unit for separating the second ions by flight drift times. Moreover, the first drift unit, the ion dissociation unit, and the second drift unit are located inside a chamber whose pressure is set at 10 mTorr or higher. This apparatus allows execution of low-cost and high-resolving-power ion separation and detection.

Abstract: A particle detection system is configured and operated as two or more separate and completely independent detection systems. The detection systems may be of the same or different design, may be operated in the same or different modes, and may be operated with the same or different operating parameters. Each detection system may record signals simultaneously, or alternately; the measurements obtained from each of the detection systems may either be combined into a single unified data set, or recorded separately. Means are provided to direct particles to impinge on one of the detectors or any of the other detectors. Alternatively, a population of particles can be dispersed in a manner that allows a population of particles to be distributed among two or more detectors simultaneously.

Abstract: An apparatus for multiple nano-spray delivery of a sample to FAIMS analyzer includes a micro-machined ionization source having a plurality of discrete nozzles. At least some of the discrete nozzles of the plurality are aligned one each with an ion inlet of a plurality of discrete ion inlets of the FAIMS, so that ions produced at different discrete nozzles are introduced into different portions of the FAIMS analyzer region. The ions that are introduced via each ion inlet are at least partly separated prior to adding/mixing with the ions introduced via other ion inlets. This reduces the problems of ion-ion electric repulsions that occur when ion density is high.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus to dispense a sample for subsequent electrospray ionisation (ESI) mass spectrometry (MS) analysis, to a method of fabricating such apparatus and to applications of such apparatus in biological and chemical analysis. The apparatus consists of an electrically non-conductive substrate comprising at least two covered microstructures (generally microchannels) having one extremity formed at the edge of the substrate, one of said microstructures containing the sample to be dispensed into a mass spectrometer by electrospray ionisation and at least a second of said microstructure containing a fluid used as sheath liquid or sheath gas, said at least two microstructures being formed in such a manner that the sample and the sheath liquid/gas come in contact to each other and/or are mixed directly in the Taylor cone of the spray.

Abstract: The present invention provides a multiple part capillary for use in mass analysis instruments. Specifically, a multiple part capillary comprising at least two capillary sections joined with airtight seal by a union for use in mass spectrometry (particularly with ionization sources) to transport ions between pressure regions of a mass spectrometer for analysis is described herein. Preferably, the capillary is useful to transport ions from an elevated pressure ionization source to a first vacuum region of a mass analysis system.

Abstract: A system is provided utilizing sensors tuned to multiple wavelength spectra for evaluating and imaging an object being monitored. The system includes, among other things, an assembly for splitting a photon beam emitted from an object being monitored into multiple incident rays of different wavelength spectra. A plurality of detectors may be provided, each being tuned to a specific wavelength spectrum of the respective incident ray it is collecting, for converting, into electronic signals, data correlated from the respective incident ray. A processor may be used for generating discrete image data from the electronic signals of each respective incident ray for subsequent display as individual images, or as an integrated multi-spectral image on a display screen. A method for analyzing tissue characteristics is also provided.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for non-contact determination of liquid concentrations such as the content of water, oil, dye, paint, fuel, glue, etc., in a moving or stationary mass of production such as wood, paper, powders, fabrics, sand, bricks, concrete, plants, and the like, or in other liquids such as oil spills in water, is provided. The method comprises measuring the passive emissivity of a substance, using an imaging radiometer. It has been found that an emissivity image may be used to quantify the liquid content in a substance. The invented method allows for non-contact, rapid and continuous in-line measurements.

Abstract: In positron emission tomography, a nuclear medicine scanner is utilized to detect ?-ray events resulting from positron annihilation events. Molecules with known behaviors are tagged with radioactive isotopes which decay into ?-ray pairs which are detected coincidentally, i.e. in a near-simultaneous fashion, by radiation detectors. A temporal recorder and a subject support monitor indicate the time and position of the subject when the coincident ?-rays were detected. A storage buffer collects ?-ray detection times and locations along with support positions. Every 1/100th- 1/10th second, a batch of data collected in the buffer is reconstructed into overlapping portions of an image memory as the support moves continuously through the scanner.

Abstract: A system for detecting and identifying low-level (weak) radioactive sources moving past stationary detectors. The system, which can detect low-level sources moving at speeds of 30 m/s (about 70 mph), uses the differences between background counts and gamma counts from a moving source to determine that a source has passed the detector, when a source has passed the detector, and the identification of the source. This system has been demonstrated to work successfully for ordinary passenger vehicles transporting a variety of sources, and also for boats at lower speeds on a waterway.

Abstract: A high-energy radiation detector is disclosed which uses a semiconductor material to absorb high-energy radiation and emit secondary light in response. The semiconductor is designed to be largely transparent for the interband light it emits so that the generated secondary photons can reach the semiconductor surface, to be detected by a suitable photo-detector. The semiconductor thus plays a role of a scintillator with the emitted light registered by a photo-detector. Two different device embodiments are disclosed. The first embodiment employs a uniform bulk slab of the appropriately chosen semiconductor, such as n-doped InP. Its principal advantage lies in the simplicity and low cost. The second device employs a multi-layer heterostructure. The principal advantage of the second type detector is the possibility of a substantial enhancement in the efficiency of absorption of the primary high-energy radiation.

Abstract: Apparatus for acquiring an elongated radiographic image. The apparatus includes a flat panel electronic detector of radiographic images, the detector having a known length; and a transport mechanism for mounting the detector for movement in a direction parallel to the known length so that the detector can be positioned in sequential contiguous partially-overlapping positions to acquire a radiation image greater in length than the detector length. At least one marker is disposed in a region corresponding with each partially-overlapping position of the detector.

Abstract: In some embodiments, an image-guided radiotherapy apparatus and method is provided in which a radiotherapy radiation source and a gamma ray photon imaging device are positioned with respect to a patient area so that a patient can be treated by a beam emitted from the radiotherapy apparatus and can have images taken by the gamma ray photon imaging device. Radiotherapy treatment and imaging can be performed substantially simultaneously and/or can be performed without moving the patient in some embodiments. The gamma ray photon imaging device can be coupled and movable with respect to any part of a building structure, can be located on a portable frame movable to and from the radiotherapy radiation source and patient, or can take other forms. In some embodiments, the gamma ray photon imaging device can be used for imaging in connection with other types of medical interventions.

Abstract: A scintillator layer is disclosed for a spatially resolving X-ray detector. Apertures provided in a plate and in the form of a grid, are filled with a filling compound formed from a polymer and a phosphor powder.

Abstract: A device intended to reduce the risks of overexposure to harmful solar radiation. The device includes a detection arrangement, including at least one sensor sensitive to solar radiation, in particular UV. In addition, an arrangement is linked to the detection arrangement to generate a signal representing the quantity of radiation received by the detection means. An attachment arrangement is provided to attach the device to the head of a subject, such that the sensor(s) is (are) oriented in a substantially perpendicular manner to the vertical plane of the subject when the latter is active in the sun. The device is preferably configured in the form of a cap, with the detection arrangement arranged on a first visor intended to be positioned over the back of the individual's neck. The cap also preferably includes a second visor located opposite the first.

Abstract: A method of detecting fast neutrons of energy greater than 5 MeV is provided. The method includes providing a neutron detector including a plate having plurality of detection sites disposed thereon which produce an electron output. The neutron detector is directly coupled to an electron detector without an intermediate scintillator layer. The detector is positioned so that neutrons are incident on the detector and the output of the electron detector is detected.

Abstract: An electromagnetic radiation source is disclosed. The electromagnetic radiation source includes an anode having a first conductor, a second conductor positioned relative to the first conductor, a plurality of pole pieces coupled to at least one of the first conductor and the second, and at least one mechanical phase reversal positioned along the first conductor or second conductor. Adjacent pole pieces are separated by a gap. The electromagnetic radiation source also includes a cathode separated from the anode by an anode-cathode space, electrical contacts for applying a dc voltage between the anode and the cathode and establishing an electric field across the anode-cathode space, and at least one magnet arranged to provide a dc magnetic field within the anode-cathode space generally normal to the electric field.

Abstract: A particle beam lithography system and method of blanking a beam such as a particle or other beam. The system may include a frequency divider adapted to convert a master clock signal at a first frequency into an integral number N of waveforms at a second frequency, a reference device adapted to provide a fixed threshold reference signal, a sequencer adapted to provide N sets of data, a blanking circuit for each of the waveforms for creating a blanking signal for each of the waveforms, and a logic circuit for combining each of the blanking signals from each of the blanking circuits. The blanking circuit may include a digital to analog converter adapted to receive one of the N sets of data from the sequencer and to generate a variable threshold reference signal and a window comparator adapted to receive one of the waveforms, the fixed threshold reference signal, and the variable threshold reference signal and to generate a blanking signal.

Abstract: An Electrospray Ionisation ion source and an Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionisation ion source are disclosed which comprise a probe 1 comprising two co-axial capillary tubes 2,3. A blue-flame gas torch 6 is provided downstream of the probe 1 as a combustion source. An analyte solution is sprayed from an inner capillary tube 2 of the probe 1 and a combustible gas is supplied to an outer capillary tube 3 of the probe 1. The combustible gas supplies heat to aid desolvation of the droplets emerging from the probe 1 via combustion with the surrounding oxygen-containing atmosphere when combusted by the blue flame torch 6.

Abstract: While carrying out microscope examination, it is possible to specify a position to be irradiated with optical stimulus light and to accurately apply an optical stimulus to the specified irradiation position. A microscope examination method includes a step of introducing into a specimen a substance in which a structural change is caused by irradiation with light of a first wavelength; a step of specifying an optical stimulation site in the specimen by irradiating the specimen with visible light of a second wavelength that does not cause a structural change in the substance, while examining the specimen in which the substance is introduced using a microscope examination apparatus; and a step of irradiating the specified optical stimulus site with the light of the first wavelength.

Abstract: A level sensor for a lithographic projection apparatus includes a light source configured to direct light onto a substrate to be measured, a detector configured to detect light reflected from the substrate, and a processor configured to calculate a difference between measurements made with the filter in the first configuration and in the second configuration. The sensor is adjustable between a first configuration, in which the light is given a first property, and a second configuration, in which the light is given a second property. The sensor may include a polarizing filter, such that the first and second properties are different polarization states.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for curing a curable coating on a three-dimensional object having at least a top surface and a side surface, with the object being advanced along a generally horizontal path. The apparatus includes an elongated light source of radiating curing energy for curing the coating on the surfaces of the object. An open-sided, elongated concave reflector is positioned behind the elongated light source to provide a focus for the radiated curing energy onto the object. The reflector has a generally elliptical cross-section for radiating the curing energy along an energy concentration line generally coincident with the object. The elongated light source is generally at the source focal point of the elongated reflector. The reflector is angled such that a line that runs between the source focal point of the reflector and the energy concentration line extends on the order of 55°-77° from vertical.

Abstract: A lithographic apparatus includes a radiation source configured to provide radiation to an illumination system, the radiation source configured to provide radiation in a first wavelength range and in a second wavelength range, the second wavelength range being different from the first wavelength range. A support is configured to support a patterning device, the patterning device is configured to impart the radiation with a pattern in its cross-section. A substrate table is configured to hold a substrate, and a projection system is configured to project the patterned radiation onto a target portion of a substrate. The first wavelength range is the primary wavelength of the lithographic apparatus. The second wavelength range is used for setup of the lithographic apparatus, the setup including one or more of calibration, qualification, performance test, and alignment. The second wavelength range may also be used for exposure of a further substrate.

Abstract: An exit window for an electron beam emitter through which electrons pass in an electron beam includes a structural foil for metal to metal bonding with the electron beam emitter. The structural foil has a central opening formed therethrough. A window layer of high thermal conductivity extends over the central opening of the structural foil and provides a high thermal conductivity region through which the electrons can pass.

Abstract: In various embodiments, provided are ion optical assemblies, and systems for mounting and aligning ion optic components. In various embodiments, the present teachings provide ion optical assemblies with features that facilitate the alignment of ion optical elements. In various embodiments, the alignment of the ion optical elements by compressing them with securing members, as described in the present teachings, can simplify the alignment and assembly of ion optical elements. In the present teachings, no torque pattern is required to compress and align the ion optical elements. In various embodiments, the present teachings provide systems for mounting and aligning ion optic components that facilitate their alignment.

Abstract: A chemical detecting apparatus includes a substrate 10 for chemicals in gas-to-be-monitored to be adsorbed to, a substrate adsorption rate improving means 12 which enhances the adsorption of the chemical in the gas-to-be-monitored to the substrate, an infrared light source 20 which applies an infrared light to the substrate 10 with the chemical adsorbed to, and an infrared light detector 22 which detects the infrared light which has made multiple reflections in the substrate 10 and exited the substrate. Thus, chemicals present in environments can be detected at high speed and with high sensitivity.

Abstract: A method and apparatus senses light reflected off of a surface of an object at angles with respect to incident light.

Abstract: A radiation image conversion panel containing: a stimulable phosphor plate having a stimulable phosphor layer on a substrate; a first protective film provided on a stimulable phosphor layer of the substrate, the first protective film not being adhered to the surface of the stimulable phosphor layer and having a peripheral area extending outside of substrate; and a second protective film provided on the opposite side of the substrate to the stimulable phosphor layer, the second protective film having a peripheral area extending outside of the substrate, wherein the peripheral area of the first protective film and the peripheral area of the second protective film are heat-sealed with each other; and the radiation image conversion panel has a dehydrating function to dehydrate a space surrounded by the first protective film and the second protective film.

Abstract: In a solid state radiation detector, an electrode layer, to which an electromagnetic wave for retrieval is irradiated, is formed by alternately arranging a first stripe electrode for transmitting the electromagnetic wave for retrieval and a second stripe electrode for shielding the same. Upon recording a radiation image, discharge breakdown of the first and the second stripe electrodes owing to application of a direct-current voltage is avoided. Upon recording a radiation image with the solid state radiation detector, when the direct-current voltage is applied between a first electrode layer and either the first stripe electrode or the second stripe electrode, leading and trailing edges of the direct-current voltage has variation with time, thus reducing electric currents flowing on the stripe electrodes, and a potential difference between an open end portion of each stripe electrode and either the first or the second stripe electrode adjacent thereto.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a memory device including forming an electrode over a substrate, then forming a dielectric feature proximate a contact region of a sidewall of the electrode, and then forming a phase change feature proximate the contact region.

Abstract: A novel NPBL and ANPL light emitting semiconductor device and a method for fabricating the same are provided. In the present invention, plural nano-particles are applied in the active layer of the light emitting semiconductor device, so that the leakage current thereof is reduced. In addition, the provided light emitting semiconductor device fabricated via a planar technology process is microscopically planar, but not planar at micro- and nano-scale. Hence the parasitic wave guiding effect, which suppresses the light extraction efficiency of the light emitting semiconductor device, is destroyed thereby.

Abstract: Methods of forming a nano-scale electronic and optoelectronic devices include forming a substrate having a semiconductor layer therein and a substrate insulating layer on the semiconductor layer. An etching template having a first array of non-photolithographically defined nano-channels extending therethrough, is formed on the substrate insulating layer. This etching template may comprise an anodized metal oxide, such as an anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) thin film. The substrate insulating layer is then selectively etched to define a second array of nano-channels therein. This selective etching step preferably uses the etching template as an etching mask to transfer the first array of nano-channels to the underlying substrate insulating layer, which may be thinner than the etching template. An array of semiconductor nano-pillars is then formed in the second array of nano-channels. The semiconductor nano-pillars in the array may have an average diameter in a range between about 8 nm and about 50 nm.

Abstract: A nonvolatile memory cell, memory cell arrangement, and method for production of a nonvolatile memory cell is disclosed. The nonvolatile memory cell includes a vertical field-effect transistor (FET). The FET contains a nanoelement arranged as a channel region and an electrically insulating layer. The electrically insulating layer at least partially surrounds the nanoelement and acts as a charge storage layer and as a gate-insulating layer. The electrically insulating layer is arranged such that electrical charge carriers may be selectively introduced into or removed from the electrically insulating layer and the electrical conductivity characteristics of the nanoelement may be influenced by the electrical charge carriers introduced into the electrically insulating layer.

Abstract: An organic semiconductor device that can be driven stably at low gate voltage is provided. The organic semiconductor device of the present invention is characterized by having a silsesquioxane skeleton in an insulating portion.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a photoactive device comprising an anode, a cathode, and a photoactive layer, which device further comprises an electron transport and/or anti-quenching layer which minimizes both electron transfer quenching and energy transfer quenching of the photoactive layer.

Abstract: An organic electronic device consists of one or more electro-active organic or polymer materials sandwiched between electrodes. Critical in such devices is the interface between the electrode and the polymer, where degradation or chemical reaction products may develop that are deleterious to the proper functioning of the device. This is solved by introducing a functional interlayer composed of one or more materials consisting of a molecular backbone bearing phosphonate or phosphate functions, either directly attached or through side chains, said functional layer being disposed between at least one of the respective electrodes and said one or more electro-active materials in the device.

Abstract: In a thin-film field-effect transistor having metal/insulator/semiconductor (MIS) structure, the semiconductor layer is formed of an organic compound, and the insulator layer is formed of an organic compound which is soluble in an organic solvent and exhibits spontaneous polarization similar to ferroelectric material. The transistor exhibits n-type transistor characteristics when polling is conducted by applying a voltage which is not less than a coercive electric field and not more than a withstand voltage between source and gate electrodes, and absent polling, the transistor exhibits p-type transistor characteristics.

Abstract: A memory cell for opto-electronic applications includes a substrate, a first electrode and a second electrode, and an active layer arranged between the first and the second electrodes, wherein the active layer includes a metalloporphyrin derivative, and wherein the second electrode is transparent and includes ZnO, which is doped with B, Al, Ga, or Mg.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for processing a semiconductor wafer is provided for reducing dimensional variation by feeding forward information relating to photoresist mask CD and profile and underlying layer thickness measured at several points on the wafer to adjust the next process the inspected wafer will undergo (e.g., the etch process). After the processing step, dimensions of a structure formed by the process, such as the CD and depth of a trench formed by the process, are measured at several points on the wafer, and this information is fed back to the process tool to adjust the process for the next wafer to further reduce dimensional variation. In certain embodiments, the CD, profile, thickness and depth measurements, etch processing and post-etch cleaning are performed at a single module in a controlled environment.

Abstract: The invention provides a light emitting device which is capable of displaying on both sides, has a small volume, and is capable of being used as a module. A light emitting element represented by an EL element and the like is used in a pixel portion, and two pixel portions are provided in one light emitting device. A first pixel portion has a structure to emit light only from a counter electrode side of the light emitting element. A second pixel portion has a structure to emit light only from a pixel electrode side of the light emitting element. That is, in the first pixel portion and the second pixel portion, directions of light emission are reverse in front and back.