Abstract: This invention provides compounds of formula I: wherein a, b, c, m, p, s, t, W, Ar1, X1, R1, R2, R3, R4, R6, and R7 are as defined specification. The compounds of formula I are muscarinic receptor antagonists. The invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds, processes and intermediates for preparing such compounds and methods of using such compounds to treat pulmonary disorders.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds which inhibit, regulate and/or modulate tyrosine kinase signal transduction, compositions which contain these compounds, and methods of using them to treat tyrosine kinase-dependent diseases and conditions, such as angiogenesis, cancer, tumor growth, atherosclerosis, age related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, inflammatory diseases, and the like in mammals.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel 2-Oxy, 2-Amino, and 2-Thio-imidazole compounds of formula (I): wherein all variables are as herein defined, pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds and methods of using them in the treatment of neurological disorders and other disorders and conditions mediated by the histamine H3 receptor.

Abstract: A compound for use in inducing necrosis in vascular tissue of a tumor in an animal. The compound contains a first moiety which is a cis-stilbene moiety and a second moiety which is an inhibitor of the formation or action of nitric acid. Also, a method for inducing necrosis in vasculature of a tumor in an animal by administering to the animal the compound in an amount effective for inducing the necrosis.

Abstract: A compound represented by the following general formula (I): (wherein R1 represents phenyl, etc. which can have substituents selected from the group consisting of C1-8 alkyl, C1-8 alkyl having halogen, halogen, hydroxyl, etc.; R2 represents C1-8 alkyl, etc.; A represents oxygen, sulfur, etc.; X represents C1-8 alkylene chain, etc.; Y represents C(?O), CH?CH, etc.; R3, R4, and R5 each represents hydrogen, C1-8 alkyl, etc.; B represents CH or nitrogen; Z represents oxygen or sulfur; R6 and R7 each represents hydrogen, C1-8 alkyl, etc.; and R8 represents hydrogen or C1-8 alkyl; provided that at least one of R3, R4, and R5 is not hydrogen) or a salt of the compound; and a PPAR-? activator which contains the compound or salt as the active ingredient.

Abstract: Compounds having the general structure and compositions containing them, for the treatment of acute, inflammatory and neuropathic pain, dental pain, general headache, migraine, cluster headache, mixed-vascular and non-vascular syndromes, tension headache, general inflammation, arthritis, rheumatic diseases, osteoarthritis, inflammatory bowel disorders, inflammatory eye disorders, inflammatory or unstable bladder disorders, psoriasis, skin complaints with inflammatory components, chronic inflammatory conditions, inflammatory pain and associated hyperalgesia and allodynia, neuropathic pain and associated hyperalgesia and allodynia, diabetic neuropathy pain, causalgia, sympathetically maintained pain, deafferentation syndromes, asthma, epithelial tissue damage or dysfunction, herpes simplex, disturbances of visceral motility at respiratory, genitourinary, gastrointestinal or vascular regions, wounds, burns, allergic skin reactions, pruritus, vitiligo, general gastrointestinal disorders, gastric ulceration, d

Abstract: The invention relates to molecules having Formula (100): wherein ————— represents a bond present or absent; Ar is a substituted or unsubstituted benzene or pyridine ring; V is a C or N atom, and W, X, Y and Z together form a 2,4-thiazolidinedione, 2-thioxo-4-thiazolidinedione, isoxazolidinedione, 2,4-imidazolidinedione, [1,2,4]-oxadiazolidine-3,5-dione or 2-thioxo-4-imidazolidinedione residue; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to acyloxymethylcarbamate oxazolidinones. The compounds of the present invention have potent activity with excellent oral bioavailability against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

Abstract: The subject invention provides useful and novel calcium channel blockers based upon mibefradil. The subject invention also provides methods for synthesizing the compounds of the invention. The invention also provides methods for the control or prevention of hypertension, angina pectoris, ischemia, arrhythmias, and cardiac insufficiency in a patient by administering a compound, or composition, of the invention to an individual in need of such treatment.

Abstract: C-4 substituted retinoic acid analogs, synthesis methods of C-4 substituted retinoic acid analogs and methods of using C-4 substituted retinoic acid analogs to treat various cancers and dermatological diseases and conditions. The C-4 substituted retinoic acid analogs include C-4 all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and 13-cis retinoic acid (13-CRA) analogs. The C-4 substituted retinoic acid analogs inhibit all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) 4-hydroxylase activity, thereby inhibiting the catabolism of ATRA. The C-4 substituted retinoic acid analogs also have ATRA-mimetic activity. The preferred substitutions at C-4 are an azole group, a sulfur, oxygen, or nitrogen containing group, a pyridyl group, an ethinyl group, a cyclopropyl-amine group, an ester group, or a cyano group, or forms, together with the C-4 carbon atom, an oxime, an oxirane or aziridine group.

Abstract: The present invention relates to anilinopyrazole compounds, pharmaceutical compositions, and methods for treating diabetes and related disorders.

Abstract: Compounds are provided which are antagonists of the calcium sensing receptor, and have the general formula wherein m is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4; each X is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, cyano, nitro, OCF3, hydroxy, amino, carboxyl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloheteroalkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, alkoxycarbonylalkyl, hydroxycarbonylalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, R1O, R1R2N, R1OCO, R1CO, R1R2NCO, R1R2NCONR2a, R1OCONR2a, R1CONR2a, R1S, R1SO, R1SO2, R1R2NSO2, R1R2NSO2NR2a, and R1SO2NR2a; R1 is alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloheteroalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, or heteroarylalkyl; R2 and R2a are the same or different and are independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloheteroalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, or heteroarylalkyl; n is 1, 2, or 3; W is O or H,R3; R3 is hydrogen or hydroxyl; Ar is a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl g

Abstract: Provided are compounds of formula (I) wherein A, Q, W, X, Y, Z, R1 to R4, m and n are as defined herein. Compounds of the invention bind to ?4 integrin receptors and thereby inhibit binding of ligands for ?4 integrins which is useful for prophylactic and/or therapeutic treatment of diseases and conditions associated with ?4 integrins or their ligands.

Abstract: This invention generally relates to the derivatives of 3,6 disubstituted azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexanes. The compounds of this invention are muscarinic receptor antagonists which are useful, inter-alia, for the treatment of various diseases of the respiratory, urinary and gastrointestinal systems mediated through muscarinic receptors. The invention also relates to a process for the preparation of compounds of the present invention, pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds of the present invention and the methods for treating the diseases mediated through muscarinic receptors.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to substituted pyrrole-indoles such as substituted pyrrole-indoles, and methods of using them.

Abstract: This invention relates to compounds of the formula I: wherein one of R6, R7 and R8 is and R1 to R15 and n are as defined in the description, and all enantiomers and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and/or esters thereof. The invention further relates to pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds, to a process for their preparation and to their use for the treatment and/or prevention of diseases which are modulated by PPAR ? and/or PPAR? agonists.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel compositions and uses of N-heterocyclic carboxylic acids and carboxylic acid isosteres for treating a vision disorder, improving vision, treating memory impairment or enhancing memory performance in an animal.

Abstract: Use of escitalopram (the S-(+)-enantiomer of citalopram) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for the preparation of a medicament useful in the treatment of neurotic disorders is provided, including anxiety states, in particular generalised anxiety disorder and social anxiety disorder, post traumatic stress disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder and panic attacks.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel benzofuran derivatives and analogs, as well as compositions containing the same and to the use thereof for the treatment or prophylaxis of viral infections and diseases associated therewith, particularly those viral infections and associated diseases caused by the hepatitis C virus.

Abstract: The invention is directed to novel pharmaceutical compositions comprising chemicals agents that are useful in the treatment and prevention of cystic fibrosis and the prevention of signs and symptoms of this disease. These pharmaceutical compositions are surprisingly successful in the treatment disorders related to cystic fibrosis including disorders of blood production. Many of these compositions of the invention are even more effective when administered to a patient in pulses. Pulse therapy is not a form of discontinuous administration of the same amount of a composition over time, but comprises administration of the same dose of the composition at a reduced frequency or administration of reduced doses.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of the drug valproic acid and derivatives thereof as inhibitors of enzymes having histone deacetylase activity. The invention also relates to the use of those compounds for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of diseases which are associated with hypoacetylation of histones or in which induction of hyperacetylation has a beneficial effect for example by induction of differentiation and/or apoptosis in transformed cells.

Abstract: Preparations and extracts of valerian, as well as isovaleramide, isovaleric acid, and certain structurally related compounds, exhibit clinically significant pharmacological properties that implicate a treatment for a variety of pathological conditions, including spasticity and convulsions, which are ameliorated by effecting a modulation of CNS activity. The compositions in question generally are non-cytotoxic and do not elicit weakness or sedative activity at doses that are effective for the symptomatic treatment of such pathological conditions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a compound of formula III, method of making the same and its use in the treatment of diabetes.

Abstract: Sustained release compositions containing a physiologically active substance or its salt, hydroxynaphthoic acid or its salt and a lactic acid-glycolic polymer or its salt, wherein the product of the weight-average molecular weight of the lactic acid-glycolic acid polymer by the amount (?mol) of the terminal carboxyl group per unit mass (g) of the lactic acid-glycolic acid polymer is from 1,200,000 to 3,000,000 (inclusive); and their production; medicaments containing these sustained release compositions, etc.

Abstract: New aerogels are disclosed which comprise silica and at least one organic polymer having polar functional groups. Also disclosed are methods for making such aerogels and for making them as substantially transparent objects. In addition, gas detectors, liquid and gas absorbing objects, and optical devices made using these aerogels are disclosed. The present invention concerns optical elements which are substantially transparent and exhibit low refractive indices. The invention further relates to detectors of reactive and absorbate gases based on the physical changes exhibited by the aerogels upon reacting with or absorbing such gases. The present invention further concerns printable objects comprising these aerogels, specifically when the print media are imaged by the absorption of liquid and the spatial localization of pigments or dyes. The invention further concerns reactive gas absorbers comprising these aerogels and the catalytic function the aerogels serve to catalyze subsequent chemical reaction.

Abstract: Process for preparing monodisperse weakly basic or optionally strongly basic anion exchangers of the poly(meth)acrylamide type, the ion exchangers themselves and their use.

Abstract: The foam sheet of the present invention is biodegradable, can be recycled, has good processability, is lightweight, exhibits excellent appearance, has practically satisfactory heat resistance and is more acceptable to the environment. There is provided a crosslinked biodegradable resin continuous foam sheet comprising biodegradable resin, and has an expansion rate of about 1.5 to about 50 and a gel fraction of about 3% or more. There is further provided a method for producing the foam sheet comprising the steps of: (1) preparing a sheet from a resin composition comprising a biodegradable resin, a thermal decomposable blowing agent, and a crosslinking promoter; (2) irradiating the resulting sheet with an ionizing radiation to crosslink the resin composition; and (3) subjecting the crosslinked sheet to heat treatment to continuously prepare a crosslinked foam sheet.

Abstract: A multi-photon reactive composition including: (a) at least one reactive species; and (b) multi-photon photoinitiator system; and (c) a plurality of substantially inorganic particles, wherein the particles have an average particle size of less than about 10 microns in diameter.

Abstract: A method is provided for making a crosslinked polymer electrolyte, typically in the form of a membrane for use as a polymer electrolyte membrane in an electrolytic cell such as a fuel cell, as well as the polymer so made, the method comprising application of electron beam radiation to a highly fluorinated fluoropolymer comprising: a backbone derived in part from tetrafluoro-ethylene monomer, first pendent groups which include a group according to the formula —SO2X, where X is F, Cl, Br, OH or —O?M+, where M+ is a monovalent cation, and second pendent groups which include Br, Cl or I. Typically, the membrane has a thickness of 90 microns or less, more typically 60 or less, and most typically 30 microns or less.

Abstract: There is provided a process for forming a light emitting polymer comprising photopolymerization of a reactive mesogen having an endgroup which is susceptible to photopolymerization e.g. by a radical polymerization process. Also provided are methods for using the light emitter in displays, backlights, electronic apparatus and security viewers.

Abstract: An ink composition for ink jet recording is provided which can realize both good waterfastness of prints and high-quality recorded images on specialty recording media. The ink composition comprises a water-soluble colorant, such as an acid dye, a cationic water-soluble polymer, such as polyallylamine, and an inorganic salt, such as potassium chloride, in combination.

Abstract: A dispersion of colored particles is disclosed. The dispersion is prepared by emulsifying a mixture comprising a colorant and polymer, employing a reactive emulsifier, and subsequently copolymerizing the resulting mixture, employing polymerizable monomer. An ink employing the dispersion is also disclosed.

Abstract: An aqueous polymer composition is provided containing select levels of hard polymer and soft polymer, wherein the hard polymer and the soft polymer are contained as dispersed particles. Portions of the hard polymer and optionally, the soft polymer, have select chemical groups. The aqueous polymer composition also contains composite particles formed from pigment particles and a plurality of polymer particles having the select chemical groups. The aqueous polymer composition is useful for preparing coatings having a combination of improved hiding, low temperature film formation, and hardness properties, such as dirt pickup resistance. Methods to prepare and to use the aqueous polymer composition are also provided.

Abstract: An epoxy resin composition for semiconductor encapsulation capable of giving semiconductor devices of high reliability that do not cause short circuits even in pitch reduction in the interconnection electrode distance or the conductor wire distance therein as well as a semiconductor device using the same. The epoxy resin composition for semiconductor encapsulation, which comprises the following components (A) to (C): (A) an epoxy resin, (B) a phenolic resin, and (C) an inorganic filler for preventing semiconductors from short-circuiting in a step of semiconductor encapsulation.

Abstract: A high-strength hydraulic cement composition contains cement, fine aggregates, coarse aggregates, water and a specified admixture and has a unit amount of water in the range of 120-185 kg/m3. Water and the cement are contained at a ratio of 20-40% and the admixture is contained in the amount of 0.1-3.0 weight parts per 100 weight parts of the cement. The admixture is one or more selected from reaction mixtures obtained by specified two processes and partially or completely neutralized substances obtained from such a reaction mixture through these two processes and also a specified third process.

Abstract: Adhesive compositions produced from abundant and renewable resources such as lignocellulosic materials, particularly decayed lignocellulosic materials or demethylated lignin. Other components present in particular examples of the adhesive compositions include relatively inexpensive materials, such as borates and/or polyethyleneimine. Also disclosed are lignocellulosic composites that are made from the adhesive compositions.

Abstract: A thermoplastic molding composition characterized by its optical brightness and good weathering resistance is disclosed. The composition contains a poly(ester) carbonate an optical brightener conforming to where R1, R2, R3 R4, R5 and R6 independently denote H, alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl or halogen, or where R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6 and R7 mutually independently stand for H, alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, halogen or a cyano group.

Abstract: The novel transparent polyolefin, polyester or polyamide article disclosed is stabilized against the effects of light, oxygen, heat and agressive chemicals by addition of 0.005-0.30% by weight the polymeric substrate of a hydroxyphenyl triazine UV absorber, and is characterized by its thickness between 1 and 500 ?m. Preferred polyolefin articles thus stabilized are agricultural films containing as further stabilizer a sterically hindered amine. The novel compositions act as selective UV filter especially useful in agriculture.

Abstract: Thermoplastic molding composition comprising components A, B, C and D and, if appropriate, E, F, G and H, A) from 1 to 97.5% by weight of at least one aromatic polycarbonate A, B) from 1 to 97.5% by weight of at least one graft polymer B made from b1) from 40 to 80% by weight of a graft base made from an elastomeric polymer B1, b2) from 20 to 60% by weight of a graft B2 made from b21) from 60 to 95% by weight of styrene or of substituted styrenes B21 and b22) from 5 to 40% by weight of at least one unsaturated nitrile B22, C) from 1 to 97.5% by weight of at least one thermoplastic copolymer C made from c1) from 60 to 85% by weight of styrene or of substituted styrenes C1 or mixtures thereof and c2) from 15 to 40% by weight of at least one unsaturated nitrile C2, D) from 0.

Abstract: A polymer-based reinforced rubber composition may be produced that comprises a) a plurality of polymer-based fibers, wherein at least some of the plurality of polymer-based fibers comprises at least one surface modification agent; and b) a rubber compound, wherein the rubber compound comprises a plurality of active rubber moieties, and wherein at least some of the plurality of active rubber moieties is adhesively interactive with the surface modification agent.

Abstract: The disclosure provides compositions prepared by combining nanomaterials with a halide-containing polymer, thereby forming a combined polymer matrix having dispersed nanomaterials within the matrix. The nanomaterials may be carbon-based nanotubes, in some applications. A halide-containing monomer is combined with nanotubes, and then polymerized in some compositions. In other applications, a halide-containing polymer is solution processed with nanotubes to form useful compositions in the invention. Also disclosed are probes for near field detection of radiation.

Abstract: This invention relates to flame retardant nanocomposites and methods of reducing the flammability of polymeric compositions using nanotubes.

Abstract: Disclosed is a composition comprising or produced from nanoparticle-sized TiO2, an ethylene copolymer or ionomer of the ethylene copolymer, and optionally a second polymer. Also disclosed are films and other shaped articles produced therefrom. The composition, possessing a UV light barrier, can be used to protect the products that may be susceptible to UV such as foodstuffs.

Abstract: The present invention provides a resin composition containing a polyolefin resin (A), a metal soap (B), a saponified product (C), and a hydrotalcite compound and/or a hydrotalcite solid solution (D). The resin composition shows superior long-run formability (surface smoothness, suppression of fish eye, pigment dispersibility), suppressive effect on die build-up and superior transparency and gas barrier property when added to a regrind layer during formation of a laminate having the regrind layer. Therefore, the composition is highly useful as an additive for collected materials (regrind) for forming various laminates.

Abstract: A description is given of an optionally fluorinated polyurethane-polymer hybrid dispersion with enhanced surface properties (low critical surface tensions ?c and very high contact angles ?) which is obtainable by a) preparing a dispersion component (binder) based on an aqueous solution or dispersion of an optionally hydroxy- and/or amino-functional polyurethane-polymer hybrid having optionally fluorinated side chains and, if desired, b) subsequently reacting the dispersion component from stage a) with a crosslinker component (D). The polyurethane-polymer hybrid dispersion of the invention can be prepared in solvent-free or low-solvent fashion and with high solids content and requires only a very low level of stabilizing groups.

Abstract: Coating compositions, articles, and methods of coating articles are provided. The coating compositions and methods provide abrasion resistant formable coatings when cured on a substrate. The articles can be formed after the coating compositions are applied to a substrate and cured. Abrasion resistant, tintable coatings are also provided.

Abstract: A clear and ductile thermoplastic molding composition containing (i) a styrene copolymer and (ii) a rubber component is disclosed. The styrene copolymer is represented by styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer and the rubber component is a styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) block copolymer. Characterized by its low haze, high light transmission, good processability and mechanical properties the composition is suitable for making a variety of useful articles.

Abstract: Provided according to the invention are cross-linked polymers comprising an anhydride or partially hydrolyzed anhydride functionalized polymer having oligomeric polyimide cross-links, providing a polymeric composite on a molecular scale, and shaped articles made therefrom. In some embodiments the shaped articles are particularly well suited for electronics applications. The shaped articles are characterized by low CTE (coefficient of thermal expansion), low dielectric constant (Dk), low dissipation factor (Df), high strength, high modulus and high toughness.

Abstract: Cross-linked polymers comprising an anhydride or partially hydrolyzed anhydride functionalized polymer having oligomeric polyamic acid cross-links are provided. In solution, a polymer of the invention forms a formable gel. The formable gel is useful for forming shaped articles that are useful for electronics applications.

Abstract: A melt-blended polyethylene/COP composition suitable for making optically clear films with low coefficients of friction includes from about 70 to about 98 weight percent of a polyethylene resin and from about 2 to about 25 weight percent of a first COP resin component, the first COP resin component having a weight average molecular weight of from about 0.5 kg/mol to about 50 kg/mol and being present in an amount effective to increase the relative slip value of films made from the composition as compared with a like film made from the polyethylene resin alone.