Abstract: The present invention provides a coupling mechanism between the optical subassembly and the circuit board using the FPC board. The mechanism according to the present invention may release the mechanical stress induced in the root portion of the lead pin of the optical subassembly and shows a superior productivity. The optical assembly provides a plurality of lead pins arranged in at least two rows. The FPC board bent in the U-shape is put between rows and soldered to the lead pins in the pads thereof. One piece of the FPC board is extended to the circuit board and soldered thereto.

Abstract: A center processing unit (CPU) socket holds a CPU and has a base and a cushion. The base has a bottom, a contact seat, multiple contacts, a cover and a latch. The contact seat is mounted in the bottom and has a recess. The contacts are mounted in the recess in multiple lines. The cover is mounted pivotally on the base and has a latch tab. The latch has a locking tab selectively engaging the latch tab. The cushion is mounted in the recess and has multiple springs and a CPU backplate. The springs are mounted in the recess. The CPU backplate is mounted on the springs and has multiple slots corresponding to the contacts. The CPU backplate cooperates with the springs during installation of a CPU to oppose a force pushing the CPU down in the CPU socket so the contacts will not be damaged.

Abstract: A fan-out pattern having two or more fan-out sections is implemented between a driver IC and a display for reducing or eliminating the pathlength differences among the electrical conductors in the fan-out pattern. As such, some of the conductors between the driver IC and the display can have two or more zigzag swath widths. In a fan-out pattern having two fan-out sections, a first fan-out section widens the spacing, SI, between two adjacent conductors at the IC side to an intermediate spacing, SM, and a second fan-out section further widens the intermediate spacing SM to the spacing, SP, at the display side. With two fan-out sections, the first zigzag extension is implemented in some conductors between the IC side and the first fan-out section, and the second zigzag extension is implemented in some conductors between the first fan-out section and the second fan-out section.

Abstract: An electrical junction box includes at least three printed boards that constitute an internal circuit. Conductors on the printed boards can be easily connected to one another through a relay connector. The printed boards are contained in a casing assembly so that they are spaced away from one another. A shorter relay connector is mounted on the second printed board disposed at an intermediate position. A longer relay connector is mounted on the third printed board. The longer relay connector projects toward the first printed board through a groove provided in a peripheral edge of the second printed board. Terminals conducted to conductors on the first and third printed boards are connected to each other through a longer relay terminal in the longer relay connector. A terminal conducted to a conductor on either first or third printed board is connected to a shorter relay terminal conducted to the conductor on the second printed board.

Abstract: A micro contact element made by photolithography technology includes a suspension arm having a first long side and a second long side opposite to the first long side, a point connected to an end of the first long side of the suspension arm and extending perpendicularly from the suspension arm, and an insertion portion perpendicularly extending from the second long side of the suspension arm. The insertion portion is to be inserted a hole of a base member having circuitry thereon. The insertion portion may be formed by layers of deposited material or may be a springy member. The suspension member may include an intermediate deformable portion to adjust stiffness.

Abstract: An electrical connector includes an insulative housing adapted to engage a conductive contact (20). The conductive contact has a tail end, wherein the tail end (22) is angled and has a generally dished shape such that at least a portion of the tail end terminates within a hole (10) in a contact pad (12) of a circuit board (1). The conductive contact tail end in a dished shape has the advantages of facilitating the guiding of the tail end into or out of the hole of the circuit board during wipe actions, without removing gold plated layer, and of achieving a reliable travel of the tail end across the hole of the contact pad of the circuit board.

Abstract: An anisotropic conductive sheet comprising an insulating base material and a plurality of conductive passages embedded at predetermined positions in the insulating base material, penetrating the insulating base material in the thickness direction. The conductive passage comprises a matrix consisting of non-silicone material or silicone material having rubber elasticity, the matrix material being filled into through-holes formed at a predetermined position in the base material and then hardened, and a conductive filler dispersed in the matrix at an amount capable of exhibiting conductivity at all times. A surface layer of conductive material is capable of functioning as a contact and ensuring an electrical connection by piercing a surface layer of an opponent when the surface layer is used as a contact, such as a layer of fine conductive particles is further provided on at least one of the end faces of the conductive passage.

Abstract: The present invention prevents noise attributed to an electromagnetic wave by reducing a high-frequency impedance at the connection between a microphone case and a connection plug of an output cable.

Abstract: A card connector includes a base having an opening at a front end thereof, two guide channels at bilateral sides inside, and a plurality of terminals mounted at a rear end thereof; at least one movable member movably mounted in the guide channels and having a stopping portion and a bevel formed at upper and lower sides of a front end thereof; a stopping plate pivotably mounted to the base for pivoting movement between a stopping position and a releasing position. While the stopping plate is located at the stopping position, the movable member engages to lock the stopping plate. While the movable member is close to the guide channel, the movable member releases the lock-up status. At least one resilient member is provided for generating resilience keeping movement of the stopping plate toward the stopping position. Therefore, the card connector allows/blocks the normally/erroneously inserted card.

Abstract: A retainer (20) and a moving plate (10) are inserted into a hood (12) of a connector (F). A locking piece (22) projects from a front surface of the retainer (20). A locking hole (41) is formed through the moving plate (10). The locking piece (22) penetrates through the locking hole (41) to lock a locking projection (27) at a front end of the locking piece (22) to a periphery of the locking hole (41). Thus, the moving plate (10) is supported and is prevented from moving longitudinally. A thick reinforcement (44) is formed on the periphery of the locking hole (41) of the moving plate (10) to fill a gap between the moving plate (10) and the locking projection (27).

Abstract: A mass interconnect device having a receiver and test adapter, each having a plurality of modules, pins and patchcords connected thereto. The receiver has an independent rotatable engagement lever attached at each side for drawing a test adapter into engagement with the receiver. Each engagement lever has dual cams that mate with a slot in an engagement plate on each side of the test adapter, thereby permitting the pair to provide four-point pull-down of the test adapter into the receiver.

Abstract: A lever type electrical connector assembly includes a connector housing provided for mounting a plurality of terminals. The housing includes a forward end for mating with a complementary mating connector and a rear end for receiving a plurality of electrical wires for termination to the terminals. A mating assist lever is pivotally movably mounted on the housing for movement in a pivotal operating stroke between a pre-load position at one end of the stroke to allow the electrical wires to be terminated to the terminals and a mated position at an opposite end of the stroke. Interengaging latches are provided between the connector housing and the mating assist lever to hold the lever in its pre-load position. A wire dress cover is mountable over the rear end of the housing to protect the connections between the electrical wires and the terminals. The wire dress cover has release means for disengaging the latches to allow the mating assist lever to be pivoted after the cover is mounted on the housing.

Abstract: A card connector includes an insulating housing (10), a number of contacts (20) and an ejector (30). The insulating housing (10) defines a card receiving space (13) with a card insertion/ejection direction. The contacts (20) are retained in the insulating housing (10) and include a plurality of contacting portions (23) exposed into the card receiving space (13) to electrically connect with a card. The ejector (30) is assembled to the insulating housing (10) includes an ejecting arm (323) exposed into the card receiving space (13) to eject a card. The ejecting arm (323) includes a shield portion (326) extending in the card receiving space (13) along the card ejection direction from a transverse lateral side of the ejecting arm (323) being away from the contacts (20).

Abstract: A hinge assembly includes an inner ring and an outer ring. The outer ring has an outer ring slot penetrating the sidewall of the outer ring and connecting both ends of the outer ring. The inner ring has an inner ring slot penetrating the sidewall of the inner ring and connecting both ends of the inner ring. The inner ring is coaxially connected to the outer ring. When the inner ring slot and the outer ring slot are aligned, an electrical connecting device can pass through the inner ring slot and outer ring slot to stay in the hinge assembly.

Abstract: A socket (10) for a lamp (12) having a projecting electrical contact (14) at least at one end, the socket (10) comprising: an electrically insulating housing (16) having a bottom surface (18) for attachment to a base (20) and an upper surface (22), the upper surface (22) having a wire-receiving groove (24) formed therein; an electrical contact receiving position (26) formed with the upper surface (22) adjacent the wire receiving groove (24); an electrical contact (28) fixed at the electrical contact receiving position (26), the electrical contact (28) having a tail (30) extending into the wire receiving groove (24); a cover receiving position (32) formed with the upper surface (22) and spaced from the electrical contact receiving position, the cover receiving position (32) including a depression (34); an electrically insulating cover (36) fixed to the cover receiving position, the cover (36) including a wire engaging portion (38) projecting into the wire receiving groove (24) and a boss (40) fitted into the d

Abstract: Apparatus including a first edge having a cutout adjacently located between a pair of counter bore panels, a connector assembly including a connector having a mounting flange with a pair of inserts and a pair of guide pins. The pair of inserts adapted to receive and secure the pair of guide pins. Mounting flange adapted to abut a rear face of the first edge such that the connector extends through the cutout and the pair of inserts align with the pair of counter bore panels. The cutout and the pair of counter bore panels are slightly oversized for the connector and respective guide pins. Once the pair of guide pins is received by the pair of inserts the connector floats within a space defined by the cutout and pair of counter bore panels and the connector and pair of guide pins.

Abstract: A first housing (10) is formed with guiding holes (24) through which a releasing member (27) is inserted while being held in contact therewith in a movable range between a standby area and a releasing position. In the process of connecting the first housing (10) and a second housing (40), the releasing member (27) comes into engagement with the second housing (40), thereby being displaced backward relative to the first housing (10). Since the first housing (10) is formed with the guiding holes (24) through which the releasing member (27) is inserted while being held in contact therewith, the releasing member (27) is smoothly moved without being displaced and being forced.

Abstract: A connector assembly including a first connector attachable to a first electrical component and a second connector attachable to a second electrical component and releasably engaged with the first connector. The second connector includes a housing, a latch member and a hinge hingedly attaching the latch member to a surface of the housing. The hinge includes at least one beam extending from the latch member to the surface of the housing and curving 90 degrees from the latch member. The latch member includes a push portion at one end and a lock engagement portion at an opposite end. Push portion has an upper push surface configured to receive a force and an opposing lower surface facing the outer surface of the housing and defining a space between outer surface and push portion. The lower surface includes a rib protruding into the space between the outer surface and push portion.

Abstract: A connector includes a base member and a cap designed to be fitted onto each other. The base member or the cap may have a double-wall configuration to improve stability, strength, and durability of the connector unit as a whole. The base member includes a plurality of ribs forming wire-receiving channels and having at least one groove therebetween. The cap includes a conductive connecting plate configured to fit in the groove of the ribs of the base member. The connecting plate itself includes grooves configured to align with the channels of the ribs of the base member to thereby cut and remove insulation of at least one cable housed in the channels.

Abstract: A strain relief device for a plug connector includes a base member, a latching member, and a closure member. The latching member is selectively received within the base member. The closure member is selectively received within the base member. The closure member is adapted to cooperate with the latching member to arrest a cable. The closure member is configured to apply an inward compression force to the latching member in response to a force applied to the closure member by the cable.

Abstract: Having conductive contacts (4), a first insulator (1) retaining the contacts, and a cable-side insulator, attachable/detachable relative to the first insulator, for retaining a flat cable (6). The cable-side insulator includes a second insulator (2) for receiving the flat cable, a third insulator (3) disposed so as to confront the second insulator via the flat cable, and a clamp (7) interposed between the flat cable and the third insulator. When the cable-side insulator is mounted to the first insulator, the second and third insulators are engaged with the first insulator to approach each other so that the flat cable is sandwiched between the clamp and the second insulator. In this state, the flat cable is connected to the contacts.

Abstract: An electrical connector (100) adapted to be detachably fitted with a sheet-like member includes a housing (1) defining a longitudinal direction (A) and a cavity (11) having a front opening for receiving the sheet-like member; terminals (2) arranged in the housing along the longitudinal direction and each having a contact portion (221) protruding into the cavity; pivot beams (3) loaded in the housing and separately set from the terminals; and an actuator (4) pivotally engaging with the pivot beams and rotatable between an open position and a closed position.

Abstract: A structure of signal cable connector, which is connected to the signal cable between the hard disk and the computer's main board, comprises at least an enclosure, a circuit board and a wire strand. Wherein a wire block is utilized to affix the signal wires and a ground block to conduct the soldered ground wires so as to minimize the solder points incurred by direct solder of conducting wires on circuit board, resulting in easier assembly and optimized yield.

Abstract: A meter socket assembly includes a base member, a meter and at least one electrical bus member. The base member is coupled to the panel member of a meter center and includes first and second ends, a first side having protrusions, and a second side including meter jaws for receiving the meter. Each electrical bus member includes a first end extending outwardly from the first end of the base member, a second end distal from the first end and electrically connected to at least one of the meter jaws, and a plurality of bends between the first and second ends to define a first portion disposed at or about the first end, a second portion disposed at or about the second end, and an intermediate portion extending therebetween. Recesses on the intermediate portion engage the protrusions of the base member to couple the electrical bus member to the base member.

Abstract: A circuit board connector has metal fixing portions (60) for fixing a synthetic resin housing (10) to a circuit board (K). The fixing portions (60) are mounted into the housing (10) and are soldered to the circuit board (K). The housing (10) has mounting grooves (15) for receiving the fixing portions (60), whereas the fixing portions (60) have retaining portions (67) for biting in edges of the mounting grooves (15) to prevent the fixing portions (60) from coming out of the mounting grooves (15). Contact positions of the retaining portions (67) and edges of the mounting grooves (15) are lower than half the maximum height (L1) of the housing (10) for keeping the fixing portions (60) solder-connected with the circuit board (K) against a separating force on the fixing portions (60) in a direction away from the circuit board (K) as the housing (10) thermally expands.

Abstract: An electrical connector assembly (100) includes a first insulative housing (1), a connector body (200) received in the first insulative housing (1), a cable (7) and an insulative cover (9) assembled with the first insulative housing (1). The connector body further includes a shielding member (2), a second insulative housing (3) received in the shielding member, and a plurality of contacts (4, 5) received in the second insulative housing. The cable electrically connects with at least a contact. The electrical connector assembly further defines a rear-to-front direction. The first insulative cover is assembled with the first insulative housing in the rear-to-front direction, thereby forming a locking mechanism therebetween for locking them reliably.

Abstract: An electrical connector assembly includes a metal shell (5), a connector housing (1) received in the metal shell, a number of contacts (2) received in the connector housing, a printed circuit board (3) attached to the connector housing and electrically connected to the contacts, a cable (4) including a plurality of conductors (40) electrically attached to the printed circuit board, and a protecting cover (6) surrounding the metal shell, the printed circuit board and the cable.

Abstract: According to one embodiment of the present invention, a card edge connector (100) includes an elongated insulative housing (1) having a central slot (15) cooperatively enclosed by a bottom wall (150) and a pair of sidewalls thereof (13). A number of conductive terminals (2) are arranged along the central slot for mechanical and electrical engagement with a daughter circuit board (5) coupled thereto. The bottom wall of the housing defines a number of airways (151) in communication with the central slot, so as to dissipate heat generated by the conductive terminals during signal transmission to the outer circumstance timely.

Abstract: A plug stabilizing apparatus includes a prong connector well-secured by a receptacle chamber. The connect has a prong portion, a clip portion, and a neck support situated therebetween, wherein the clip portion is configured to accept a prong having substantially the same dimensions as the prong portion of the connector (e.g., prongs such as those used in connection with standard household plugs), and the clip portion includes one or more distal protrusions extending outwardly therefrom. Support pads are located between said neck support and/or distal protrusions and a back housing surface of a vaporizer device. The receptacle chamber has a first end configured to contact the neck support, a second end including an elongated opening and at least two clip supports configured to accept the distal protrusions, and a guide structure configured to guide the distal protrusions into the clip supports.

Abstract: A plug-and-socket connection including a plug and a mating connector, the plug and the mating connector in each case having a housing in which contact elements are provided for producing the electrical plug-and-socket connection and for conducting high currents and voltages, and guide elements being provided in each case on the housing for the exact guidance of the plug. According to the present invention, the guide elements are formed as electrical contact elements. The contact elements used here are utilized, for example, to transmit data streams as currents in the low-voltage range.

Abstract: An electrical connection system comprises a female connector having a plurality of female terminals, and a male connector having a plurality of male blade terminals having projecting portions that plug into the plurality of female terminals respectively when the female connector and the male connector are mated. The male blade terminals are staggered having a first population with their tips at a first relative position and a second population with their at a second different relative position so that the first tips and the second tips do not touch and fully engage the mating female terminals and the plurality of male blade terminals at the same time thereby lowering the peak engagement force required for mating the female connector and the male connector. In an alternative arrangement, the female terminals, rather than the male blade terminals are staggered.

Abstract: An RJ-45 socket module has a socket chassis, a circuit board, a transformer, a pin assembly, multiple lighting units, a base and a chassis cover. The circuit board is mounted in the socket chassis and has multiple through holes, printed circuit, multiple resistors, a capacitor and multiple contacts. The contacts are formed on the circuit board with Surface-Mount Technology (SMT), and each contact is separated from adjacent printed circuit by a distance. The pin assembly is attached to the contacts on the circuit board and has a holder and multiple pins. The pins are connected to the contacts on the circuit board with SMT. The base is mounted under the circuit board and has a seat, a first lead assembly and a second lead assembly. The first lead assembly and the second lead assembly are mounted on the seat and have multiple leads.

Abstract: Aspects for easing the attachment of a peripheral cable to a personal computer (PC) include providing a connector with a symmetric shape that supports multiple orientations of cable attachment to a PC. An orientation of insertion is identified when the connector is attached to the PC, and signal lines from the connector are rearranged based on the identified orientation of the connector.

Abstract: Embodiments of the disclosure include a flotation device or watercraft propelled through the water using a lever powered propulsion system. The lever powered propulsion system includes human powered actuating levers operably connected to a reciprocating propulsion device. As a rider powers the levers up and down, that motion translates to the propulsion device, which cycles through a high drag propulsion phase and low drag recovery phase. In an embodiment, the propulsion system comprises a hydraulic system. In addition, the hydraulic system drives a carriage that orients a device or devices in a high drag state, then reorients the device or devices in a low drag state. Such devices capable of orientation are referred to herein as “hilos,” or “hilo devices.

Abstract: A swivel bracket can be attached to a transom plate of a watercraft by means of a clamp bracket. A steering bracket can be rotationally provided in a swivel shaft of the swivel bracket. An outboard motor body can be secured to the steering bracket. An electric motor can be housed in the outboard motor and engaged with a stationary gear secured to the swivel bracket by way of a reduction gear. Driven by the electric motor, the steering bracket turns relative to the swivel bracket, causing the outboard motor body to turn.

Abstract: A steering system for a marine vessel is provided with a connecting link attached to first and second marine propulsion devices. The connecting link is selectively disposable in first and second states of operation which either require synchronous rotation of the first and second marine propulsion devices or, alternatively, independent rotation of the two marine propulsion devices. This allows both marine propulsion devices to be operated by a single actuator or, alternatively, independent maneuvering of the two marine propulsion devices during certain types of docking procedures.

Abstract: A system and apparatus are disclosed for improving safety and hydro-flow thrust from a hydro-drive device. The apparatus may include a shroud having a first opening for the ingress of water, and a second opening for the egress of water, and a vane extending inward from an interior surface of the shroud. The vane is configured to direct water to form a vortex that exits the shroud. The vane may include a fixed, planar region and a moveable, curved region attached to an interior surface of the shroud. Alternatively, the vane may be attached to a surface of a paddle configured to adjust the diameter of the second opening. The system may include a motor, a hydro-drive device coupled to the motor, the shroud, and the vane.

Abstract: A recreational boat comprising a boat hull having a bottom and a top deck. Formed in the bottom are two spaced apart elongated cavities that extend substantially the entire length of the boat. Disposed in each cavity intermediately between the front and rear of the boat is an electric trolling motor. Each electric trolling motor is independently controlled by a foot pedal mounted on the top deck. Hence, the boat is propelled by the trolling motor and can be steered by independently controlling each of the electric trolling motors.

Abstract: An outboard motor includes an engine having an air intake device. The cowling has an engine room in which the engine is disposed. One or more air intake openings are formed through the cowling. A water separation device is included in the cowling interposed between the air intake opening and the engine room. A first intake passage of the water separator communicates with the ambient air opening. A second intake passage communicates with an upper portion of the first intake passage. If a large flow of water enters the first intake passage through the air opening, such water flows out of the cowling through another opening and/or into a holding chamber formed in the cowling so as not to flow into the second intake passage.

Abstract: A latch mechanism for a cowl of an outboard motor provides a handle and retaining mechanism for the handle which define a detent position when the handle is in a latching or closed position. A protrusion of the handle rotates in a plane which places it between a roller and a metallic ball when the handle is in a latching position. The metallic ball is shaped to be received in a groove formed in the protrusion in order to define the detent position when the handle is in its latched position.

Abstract: A shift device for a boat is operated by a shift lever. Movement of the shift lever causes movement of a mechanical actuator. The device comprises means for detecting the positions of the shift lever at specified time intervals and means for obtaining by calculation an estimated time at which the shift lever will reach an operation end position based on the data from the means for detecting. Means for controlling the drive speed of the actuator also are provided. The shift device corresponds the completion of shift lever movement to the completion of shifting by timing the actuator movement to encourage shifting at the time the shift lever is anticipated to stop movement.

Abstract: Jet pump mounting structure of a small-sized boat including a front face of a thrust plate attached to a rear face of a front wall of a pump case, and a jet pump attached to a rear face of the thrust plate. The jet pump is arranged in the pump case. The front wall is formed at an up grade toward the rear of the hull, the front face of the thrust plate is formed at an up grade so that the front face is parallel to the front wall, and the rear face of the thrust plate is formed in parallel with a plane perpendicular to the axis of the jet pump.

Abstract: According to the present invention there is provided a swimmer's paddle for attachment to the hand of a swimmer. The paddle includes a body member having an upper surface and a lower surface, a front edge adjacent the fingertips of a swimmer, a rear edge adjacent the palm, an inner edge adjacent the thumb and an outer edge adjacent the little finger. When the fingers rest on the upper surface of the body member they are substantially aligned in a first plane. The paddle also includes a device connected to the body member for positioning the thumb on the body member in a second plane below the fingers, and a device connected to the body member for holding the body member from movement away from the thumb during a swimmer's stroke.

Abstract: A light-emitting device, in particular a backlight device, comprises a transparent substrate (2) having a front surface and a rear surface, in which associated to the rear surface are means for generating an electromagnetic radiation that is able to pass through the substrate and come out of the front surface. According to the invention, the device comprises a layer of porous alumina which operates so as to inhibit propagation of said electromagnetic radiation in the directions parallel to the plane of the substrate, thus improving the efficiency of extraction of light from the substrate and increasing the directionality of the emitted light.

Abstract: A material including a carbon-based substance and resins are mixed, and the mixture is extruded and dried, and the extrusion is sintered in an inert atmosphere, thereby obtaining a heating element material. The heating element material is reheated in a vacuum so that its resistance-temperature characteristic is adjusted to a necessary value, thereby obtaining a heating element for an infrared lamp. The heating element is a wire-shaped or plate-shaped heating element including the carbon-based substance, and an internal lead wire is wound around each of both ends of the heating element directly or via a graphite block so that a tight fit can be obtained. A coil spring is formed in the middle of the internal lead wire. The heating element is accommodated in a quartz glass tube filled with an inert gas.

Abstract: A multi-part construction toy incorporating rod and connector elements, as well as block elements, modified in a way to accommodate the building of hybrid structures utilizing both types of building components. Specialized adapter blocks are provided with openings for receiving special adapter rods. A connector element may be attached in the usual manner to an adapter rod projecting from a block element. For existing rod and connector construction toy sets, the adapter blocks are specially dimensioned to enable multiple attachment points to be established such that complex hybrid structures can be formed. For the large existing base of block type sets, the invention provides a specially dimensioned rod and connector set, compatible with existing toy construction blocks, such that the complex hybrid structures described above can also be executed utilizing existing block elements of standard dimensions.

Abstract: The important feature of this invention is the breast cups. Each breast cup having a circumferential perimeter with a sewn in drawstring chamber about the entire circumferential perimeter; a drawstring secured within the drawstring chamber; a drawstring having a first end entering the chamber at an upper inside top edge of each breast cup at a base of an attached shoulder strap; the drawstring circumferentially surrounding the cup through a chamber and having a second end exiting at the bottom of the shoulder strap and a locking cord lock fastener to tighten and lock the drawstring to adjust the breast cups about a wearer's breast. The Drawstring Breast Cups are designed to offer the large breasted and overly heavy breasted females better support and the illusion of smaller breast size look. However, it is also suitable for the smaller breasted females seeking the illusion of fuller breast size look.

Abstract: Apparatus for polishing are provided. An apparatus comprises a fluid controller, a polishing apparatus and a fluid interface membrane. The fluid controller is fluidly coupled to the polishing apparatus by way of at least one conduit. The fluid interface membrane is disposed within at least one of the fluid controller, the conduit and the polishing apparatus to separate a first fluid and a second fluid and to transfer pressure from the first fluid to the second fluid.

Abstract: A polishing cloth to be produced has a surface layer stacked over a base material. The surface layer is made of a foamed layer and a non-foamed layer, the foamed layer including air bubble cells and the non-foamed layer having an externally exposed surface where linear cuts are formed. These linear cuts reach the air bubble cells such that the air bubble cells communicate with the exterior through the linear cuts. These linear cuts are controlled to be 10 ?m or less in length. Such a polishing cloth is produced by applying a foamable coating material such as a foamable resin over a surface of the base material, foaming the foamable coating material to form the surface layer, and forming the linear cuts through the non-foamed layer.

Abstract: Finishing a seal assembly as a unit is proposed, which prevents alignment of the end gaps of the annular body and the annular ring of the seal assembly, provides the ability to manufacture the seal assembly to very low tolerances, and establishes virtually perfect parallelism between the upper and lower surfaces of the seal assembly. A finishing process is characterized by lapping a seal assembly as an assembled unit with a lapper using gritted oil as a polishing medium.