Abstract: A method is provided for forming polymer on an interior surface of a reaction chamber. A polymer-forming gas is introduced into the chamber during the etching of a photoresist layer of a semiconductor wafer within the reaction chamber and the environment is regulated to form the polymer on the interior surface of the chamber. The polymer thus formed reduces the standard deviation of the critical dimensions of the semiconductor wafer. A method for the manufacture of integrated circuits is also provided.

Abstract: In a film-formation method for a semiconductor process, a silicon germanium film is formed on a target substrate by CVD in a process field within a reaction container. Then, a silicon coating film is formed to cover the silicon germanium film by CVD in the process field, while increasing temperature of the process field from the first temperature to a second temperature. Then, a silicon film is formed on the coating film by CVD in the process field.

Abstract: Substrates in a reaction chamber are sequentially exposed to at least three gas atmospheres: a first atmosphere of a first purge gas, a second atmosphere of a process gas and a third atmosphere of a second purge gas. The gases are introduced into the reaction chamber from one end of the chamber and exit from the opposite end. Successive gases entering the chamber are selected so that a stable interface with the immediately preceding gas can be maintained. For example, when the gases are fed into the chamber at the chamber's top end and are exhausted at the bottom end, the gases are chosen with successively lower molecular weights. In effect, each gas atmosphere stays on top of and pushes the previous gas atmosphere out of the chamber from the top down. Advantageously, the gases can be more effectively and completely removed from the chamber.

Abstract: After a fluid film is formed by supplying a material with fluidity to the surface of a substrate formed with a stepped layer, the fluid film is pressed against the substrate by a pressing member having a planar pressing surface so that the surface of the fluid film is planarized. The fluid film is heated in this state and thereby solidified to form a solidified film having a planar surface.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing a porous layer adhering to a substrate, which comprises the steps: a. preparation of a composition comprising an organic polymer constituent and an inorganic-organic constituent and/or an inorganic constituent, b. application of this composition to a substrate and formation of a layer on the substrate, and c. removal of the inorganic-organic constituent and/or the inorganic constituent from the layer to form a porous layer adhering to the substrate.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided for forming thin films for semiconductor devices, which enable supplying and removing reactants containing constituent elements of a thin film to be formed, by preheating and supplying a process gas and a purging gas at a predetermined temperature in forming the thin film on a substrate. For example, a method for forming a thin film includes supplying a first reactant to a chamber to chemically adsorb the first reactant onto a substrate, the first reactant being bubbled by a first gas that is preheated, purging the chamber to remove residues on the substrate having the first reactant chemically adsorbed, and forming the thin film by a means of chemical displacement by supplying a second reactant to the chamber to chemically adsorb the second reactant onto the substrate.

Abstract: A method of processing a substrate including depositing a low dielectric constant film comprising silicon, carbon, and oxygen on the substrate and depositing an oxide rich cap on the low dielectric constant film is provided. The low dielectric constant film is deposited in the presence of low frequency RF power from a gas mixture including an organosilicon compound and an oxidizing gas. The low frequency RF power is terminated after the deposition of the low dielectric constant film. The oxide rich cap is deposited on the low dielectric constant film in the absence of low frequency RF power from another gas mixture including the organosilicon compound and the oxidizing gas used to deposit the low dielectric constant film.

Abstract: A semiconductor structure and a method of fabrication there-for are provided. The semiconductor structure comprises a substrate, a dielectric layer disposed over the substrate, a hydrophilic material layer disposed over the dielectric layer, and a hardmask layer disposed over the hydrophilic material layer. It is noted that, the edge of the semiconductor structure may be polished after the hydrophilic material layer is formed over the dielectric layer and before the hardmask layer is formed over the hydrophilic material layer.

Abstract: The dielectric ceramic has a composition represented by general formula 100(Ba1-x-ySrxCay)m(Ti1-zZrz)O3+aBaO+bR2O3+cMgO+dMnO+eCuO+fV2O5+gXuOv (where R is a rare-earth element such as La, Ce or Pr; and XuOv is an oxide group including at least Si); and 0?x?0.05, 0?y?0.08 (preferably 0.02?y?0.08), 0?z?0.05, 0.990?m, 100.2?(100 m+a)?102, 0.05?b?0.5, 0.05?c?2, 0.05?d?1.3, 0.1?e?1.0, 0.02?f?0.15, and 0.2?g?2. With this composition, a monolithic ceramic capacitor retaining good dielectric characteristics and temperature characteristics even if a high field strength voltage is applied by further thinning the dielectric layers thereof and having excellent reliability achieving good isolating property, dielectric strength, and high-temperature load life is obtained.

Abstract: The invention is a catalyst comprising a titanium or vanadium zeolite, a binder, and zinc oxide, wherein the catalyst is preparing an aqueous mixture of the zeolite, a binder source, and a zinc oxide source, and subjecting the mixture to rapid drying. The catalyst is useful in olefin epoxidation.

Abstract: The invention relates to a molecular sieve catalyst composition, to a method of making or forming the molecular sieve catalyst composition, and to a conversion process using the catalyst composition. In particular, the invention is directed to a catalyst composition comprising a molecular sieve having a framework including at least [AlO4] and [PO4] tetrahedral units, at least one of a binder and a matrix material and at least one phosphorus compound separate from said molecular sieve wherein, after calcination at 760° C. for 3 hours, said catalyst composition has a microporous surface area in excess of 20% of the microporous surface area of said molecular sieve after calcination at 650° C. in nitrogen for 2 hours. The catalyst composition is particularly useful in a conversion process for producing olefin(s), preferably ethylene and/or propylene, from a feedstock, preferably an oxygenate containing feedstock.

Abstract: A process for preparing a transalkylation catalyst, the catalyst itself, and a transalkylation process for using the catalyst are herein disclosed. The catalyst comprises rhenium metal on a solid-acid support such as mordenite, which has been treated with a sulfur-based agent. Such treatment reduces the amount of methane produced by metal hydrogenolysis in a transalkylation process wherein heavy aromatics like A9+ are reacted with toluene to produce xylenes. Reduced methane production relative to total light ends gas production results in lower hydrogen consumption and lower reactor exotherms.

Abstract: The invention is a supported or bound heteropoly acid catalyst composition, a method of making the catalyst composition and a process for the oxidation of saturated and/or unsaturated aldehydes to unsaturated carboxylic acids using the catalyst composition. The catalyst composition has an active heteropoly acid component containing molybdenum, vanadium, phosphorus and cesium and an inert heteropoly acid component containing molybdenum, phosphorus and cesium, potassium, rubidium or sodium at a relative molybdenum:cesium/potassium/rubidium/sodium molar ratio of above about 12:2. The catalyst is made by dissolving compounds of the components of each of the heteropoly acid compounds in a solution, precipitating the heteropoly acid compounds, contacting the heteropoly acid compounds to form a catalyst precursor and calcining the catalyst precursor to form a heteropoly acid compound catalyst.

Abstract: A dye-donor element, a method of printing using the dye-donor element, and a print assembly including the dye-donor element are described, wherein the dye-donor layer of the dye-donor element includes hydroxyalkyl cellulose as a binder. The dye-donor element is capable of printing a defect-free image on a receiver element at a line speed of 2.0 msec/line or less while maintaining a print density of at least 2.0.

Abstract: This invention is a new floral preservative that utilizes a novel formulation of using a combination of known and readily available over the counter products that, when sprayed onto the flower as directed, approximately doubles the vase life of fresh cut flowers or preserves flowers to a pliable, non crumbly state approximating their naturally vibrant colors. It is applied to the exterior of the fresh cut flowers in a misting apparatus, therein simplifying the art of preserving flowers.

Abstract: Fluids, such as completion fluids, containing at least one alkali metal tungstate and optionally at least one chelating agent are described. Methods of removing a filter cake from a well bore surface, which may include one or more alkaline earth metal sulfates, is also described, wherein the method includes contacting the filter cake with the completion fluid of the present invention. A drilling fluid or mud is also described wherein the drilling fluid contains at least one alkali metal tungstate. The drilling fluid preferably further contains at least one emulsifier or surfactant and at least one hydrocarbon-based fluid. The various fluids of the present invention can contain other conventional ingredients and optionally at least one alkali metal formate. The present invention permits the fluids to be essentially solids free due to the use of the alkali metal tungstate.

Abstract: This invention relates to a water-soluble lubricant for warm or hot metal forming, comprising a high polymer compound which comprises an imide group, which has a weight-average molecular weight of from 1,000 to 1,000,000. The water-soluble lubricants of the invention possess exceptional lubricity for reducing friction between a die and a workpiece, have a minimal adverse effect on the operating environment, and can readily be treated in wastewater.

Abstract: Lubricant blends and finished gear oils comprising a Fischer-Tropsch derived lubricant base oil fraction, a petroleum derived base oil, and a pour point depressant are provided. The Fischer-Tropsch derived lubricant base oil fraction comprises less than 0.30 weight percent aromatics, greater than 5 weight percent molecules with cycloparaffinic functionality, and a ratio of weight percent of molecules with monocycloparaffinic functionality to weight percent of molecules with multicycloparaffnic functionality greater than 15. The petroleum derived base oils comprises greater than 90 weight percent saturates and less than 300 ppm sulfur and is preferably selected from the group consisting of a Group II base oil, a Group III base oil, and mixtures thereof. These lubricant blends have surprising low Brookfield viscosities at ?40° C.

Abstract: The invention relates to azeotropic and azeotrope-like mixtures of HFC-32 and HCl or a mixture of HCl and Cl2, and a process for separating the azeotrope-like mixtures.

Abstract: The present invention includes a composition for detackifying, detoxifying and neutralizing paint booth water and paint booth dry filters. The composition is an aqueous mixture containing an effective minor amount of a high charge density, dray cationic polymer having a molecular weight of at least 7,500,000.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a liquid laundry detergent composition comprising at least one detergent ingredient selected from the group consisting of anionic surfactant, zwitterionic surfactant, amphoteric surfactant, and mixtures thereof; a coacervate phase forming cationic polymer; and one or more fabric care ingredients selected from the group consisting of one or more cationic silicone polymers comprising one or more polysiloxane units and one or more nitrogen moieties; one or more amino silicone polymers; one or more nitrogen-free silicone polymers; and mixtures thereof; and a liquid carrier for providing cleaning and fabric care benefits. A process for preparing such compositions, a method for treating substrates, a method for providing certain fabric care benefits and the use of such compositions are also described.

Abstract: A laundry detergent formulation includes a dirt suspending agent which is a blend of an anionic material, such as an anionic polymer, and a quaternary ammonium salt. This suspending agent prevents redeposition of dirt which is removed from clothing by a laundry detergent from redepositing onto cleaned clothes during the wash cycle, while allowing it to be removed completely during the rinse cycle.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method to decrease the flammability of normally flammable alcohols and solvents. The additive is Alpha Terpineol, which will increase the flash point of flammable alcohols or solvents, by blending the Terpineol into the flammable solvent or alcohol. Solvents such as acetone, methanol, ethylacetate, ethanol and xylene, to name a few, increases flash points by 50° C. to 60° C., by addition of 12-14% terpineol. The said solvent can then be blended with other organic solvents to produce performance solvents, such as paint strippers with flash points greater than 140° F. and meet Federal and state Volatile Organic Compound regulations.

Abstract: The invention provides methods for obtaining dilution thickening behavior. Specifically, polydextrose induced biphasic compositions have been unexpectedly found to induce such behavior.

Abstract: The invention relates to a water soluble container which contains a composition useful for hard surface cleaning. The composition comprises a cationic surfactant having germicidal properties, a short chain non-ionic surfactant, optionally, polyethylene glycol; and optionally, conventional additives, where the composition contains less than 25 percent water. The water soluble containers can be made by thermoforming or injection molding.

Abstract: Colorants, dispersants, and dispersions are provided which include PNPs having a mean diameter in the range of from 1 to 50 nanometers, an acid value in the range of from 0 to 700 mg KOH/g PNP solids, an amine value in the range of from 0 to 250, a hydroxyl number in the range of from 0 to 250 mg KOH/g PNP solids, and containing at least 2 wt % of a polarizable group. Also provided are methods for preparing colorants, dispersants, and dispersions, which include PNPs.

Abstract: Isolated receptors for IL-17, DNA's encoding such receptors, and pharmaceutical compositions made therefrom, are disclosed. The isolated receptors can be used to regulate an immune response.

Abstract: An isolated, water-soluble polypeptide fragment of human tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase is useful for the inhibition of angiogenesis. The polypeptide has the amino acid residue sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 12, or an angiogenesis inhibiting fragment thereof, the fragment including at least one of amino acid residue signature sequences HVGH (SEQ ID NO:10) and KMSAS (SEQ ID NO:11). Methods of using the polypeptide to inhibit angiogenesis are also provided.

Abstract: Methods of preparing vancomycin-polymer conjugates are disclosed. In preferred aspects, polymer residues which are preferably releasable, are selectively attached to the sugar amino and/or N-methyl amino groups of vancomycin and related compounds. Vancomycin-polymer conjugates made by the methods and methods of treatment using the conjugates are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention features truncated hMCH analogs selectively active at MCH-1R over MCH-2R. Using amino acid numbering provided in hMCH, the featured analogs contain an X6 which is either a D-amino acid, 5-guanidinopropionic acid or its lower or higher homolog, or a derivative thereof; and a X10 which is either asparagine, glutamine, alanine, leucine, isoleucine, valine, norleucine, cyclohexylalanine, phenylalanine, (2?)-naphthylalanine, tyrosine, histidine, tryptophan, lysine, serine, threonine, methionine, or a derivative thereof.

Abstract: Methods of treating conditions associated with lipid oxidation or microbial proliferation include the step of administering a composition comprising a pharmacologically effective amount of an antioxidant or antimicrobial lung surfactant protein compound. Peptides derived from lung surfactant protein compounds possess lipid oxidation inhibiting and/or antimicrobial properties.

Abstract: The present invention provides peptides and peptide analogues that mimic the structural and pharmacological properties of human ApoA-I. The peptides and peptide analogues are useful to treat a variety of disorders associated with dyslipidemia.

Abstract: The proapoA-I mutants of the present invention exhibit superior LDL-antioxidant activities over the wild-type proapoA-I and higher efficiencies for delivering cholesterol to hepatocytes than the previously reported apoA-I-R173C, and thus they can be effectively used for prevention and treatment of hyperlipidemia or atherosclerosis.

Abstract: The invention relates to a low molecular weight peptide (or suite of related peptides) isolated from the submaxiliary saliva glands of shrews of the species Blarina as a paralytic agent. This novel paralytic agent is useful as a neuromuscular blocker and analgesic or as an insecticide.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug, thereof: which inhibit serine protease activity, particularly the activity of hepatitis c virus (HCV) NS3-NS4A protease. Consequently, the compounds of the present invention interfere with the life cycle of the hepatitis c virus and are also useful as antiviral agents. The present invention further relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising the aforementioned compounds for administration to a subject suffering from HCV infection. The invention also relates to methods of treating an HCV infection in a subject by administering a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compounds of the present invention.

Abstract: The invention is directed to compounds of formula (I) wherein X is O or NH; R? is a hydrocarbon chain; R3 and R4 are hydrogen, OH or a monosaccharide; R5 is hydrogen or a monosaccharide; Q? is optionally present and may be a C1-10 hydrocarbon; X? is optionally present and may be O, S or NR8; and Q3 may be a hydrocarbon or hydrogen. The invention is also directed to the use of the compounds for treating cancer, infectious diseases and autoimmune diseases. The invention is also directed to syntheses of the compounds of formula (I).

Abstract: The present invention discloses compounds of formula I, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, esters, or prodrugs thereof: which exhibit antibacterial properties. The present invention further relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising the aforementioned compounds for administration to a subject in need of antibiotic treatment. The invention also relates to methods of treating a bacterial infection in a subject by administering a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compounds of the present invention. The invention further includes process by which to make the compounds of the present invention.

Abstract: The present invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions that act on the p53 protein or its gene and methods of use for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.

Abstract: It has now been found that the introduction of single stranded oligonucleotides of DNA or RNA, particularly RNA transcribed from portions of wild type prohibitin 3?UTR, into tumors leads to arrested cell proliferation. Significant reduction in the size of primary tumors has been observed following direct administration of prohibitin 3?UTR RNA. Induction of systemic immunity, as evidenced by the disappearance of metastases as well as the lack of tumor growth in rechallenged animals following prohibitin RNA therapy, has been observed. Thus, wild type RNAs transcribed from portions of a prohibitin 3?UTR, or single stranded DNAs comprised of portions of a prohibitin 3?UTR, or synthetically-made oligonucleotides of the same sequences, can be directly administered as therapeutic agents against tumors.

Abstract: Described herein are compounds of formula (I) useful as antagonists of tachykinins in general, and in particular of neurokinin A; and the pharmaceutical formulations comprising the compounds of formula (I)

Abstract: Benzimidazolidinone derivative compounds, which increase acetylcholine signaling or effect in the brain, and highly selective muscarinic agonists, particularly for the M1 and/or M4 receptor subtypes, pharmaceutical compositions comprising the same, as well as methods of treating psychosis using these compounds are disclosed.

Abstract: There is provided pharmaceutically-acceptable acid addition salts of compounds of formula I, wherein R1 represents C1-2 alkyl substituted by one or more fluoro substituents; R2 represents C1-2 alkyl; and n represents 0, 1 or 2, which salts are useful as prodrugs of competitive inhibitors of trypsin-like proteases, such as thrombin, and thus, in particular, in the treatment of conditions where inhibition of thrombin is required (e.g. thrombosis) or as anticoagulants.

Abstract: The invention encompasses a series of pyrimidinone compounds which inhibit HIV integrase and thereby prevent viral integration into human DNA. This action makes the compounds useful for treating HIV infection and AIDS. The invention also encompasses intermediates useful for making the pyrimidone compounds.

Abstract: Treatment and/or inhibition of renal dysfunction, disease or disorder in larger mammals, and particularly in humans, especially in human patients suffering from diabetes, using benzazepine-N-acetic acid derivatives which contain an oxo-group in the ?-position to the nitrogen atom and are substituted in position 3 by a 1-(carboxyalkyl)cyclopentylcarbonylamino radical, and/or salts or biolabile esters or physiologically acceptable solvates thereof, and production of pharmaceutical compositions and products suitable for treatment and/or inhibition of renal dysfunction, disease or disorder, particularly in diabetic patients, but also in patients with syndrome X or in patients with a renal dysfunction, disease and/or disorder, which patients are additionally hypertensive, obese, hyperglycemic and/or subject to a metabolic disorder.

Abstract: Compounds represented by formula 1: wherein R1 is H, halogen, (C1-4)alkyl, O(C1-4)alkyl, and haloalkyl; R2 is H or methyl; R3 is H or (C1-4)alkyl; R4 is H or (C1-4)alkyl; R5 is (C1-4)alkyl, (C1-4)alkyl(C3-7)cyclo-alkyl or (C3-7)cycloalkyl; and W is a fused phenyl-5 or 6-membered heterocycle having one or two heteroatoms selected from N or S; or W is phenyl, 1,1?-biphenyl, 2,3-dihydro-1H-indene, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthyl, or naphthyl; said W being optionally substituted with (C1-4)alkyl, which in turn can be optionally substituted with a carboxy or (C1-4)alkoxycarbonyl, or a salt or ester thereof. The compounds have inhibitory activity against Wild Type, single and double mutant strains of HIV.

Abstract: The present invention concerns compounds of formula (I) a stereochemically isomeric form thereof, an N-oxide form thereof or a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt thereof, wherein -Z1-Z2- is a bivalent radical; R1, R2 and R3 are each independently selected from hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, hydroxy, halo and the like; or when R1 and R2 are on adjacent carbon atoms, R1 and R2 taken together may form a bivalent radical of formula; Alk1 and Alk2 are optionally substituted C1-6alkanediyl; R6 is hydrogen or phenylmethyl; R5 is a radical of formula wherein n is 1 or 2; p1 is 0, and p2 is 1 or 2; or p1 is 1 or 2, and p2 is 0; X is oxygen, sulfur or ?NR9; Y is oxygen or sulfur; R7 is hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, C3-6cycloalkyl, phenyl or phenylmethyl; R8 is C1-6alkyl, C3-6cycloalkyl phenyl or phenylmethyl; R9 is cyano, C1-6alkyl, C3-6cyclo-alkyl, C1-6alkyloxycarbonyl or aminocarbonyl; R10 is hydrogen or C1-6alkyl; and Q is a bivalent radical.

Abstract: The present invention includes benzophenone compounds (I) which are useful in the treatment of HIV infections.

Abstract: The present invention provides compositions and methods for differentiating and transdifferentiating mammalian cells into cells of an osteoblast lineage, using compounds of the following formula: wherein R4 is a functional group including, for example, C1-4alkyl, C3-8cycloalkyl, hydroxyl-C1-4alkyl, aryl-C0-3alkyl, substituted with 0-2 R4a groups, and heterocyclo-C0-2alkyl, optionally substituted with C1-4alkyl; R5 is hydrogen and R6 is a functional group including, for example, halogen, C1-4alkyl, —C(O)—C1-4alkyl, —SO2—N(R2b R2b), halo—C1-4alkyl, —O-aryl and —N(R7 R8), or when R5 and R6 are on adjacent ring atoms they are optionally taken together to form —O—(CH2)1-2—O—; and all pharmaceutically acceptable salts and hydrates thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of formula I wherein R1 and R2 are described hereinbelow. These compounds have high affinity to A2A receptors and good selectivity to A1 and A3 receptors. These compounds are useful, inter alia, in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, depression, Parkinson's disease and ADHD.

Abstract: Novel 2-arylthiazole derivatives of Formula I are described which are openers of KCNQ potassium channels and are useful in the treatment of disorders that are responsive to the opening of the KCNQ potassium channels, including pain and migraine