Abstract: Data throughput rates are increased in an optical fiber communication system without requiring replacement of the existing optical fiber in a link. Channel throughput is increased by upgrading the components and circuitry in the head and terminal of an optical fiber communication system link. Aggregate throughput in a fiber optic link is increased beyond the range of conventional Wavelength Division Multiplexed (WDM) upgrades, while precluding the necessity of replacing existing fiber plants. The increase in system throughput is achieved by using advanced modulation techniques to encode greater amounts of data into the transmitted spectrum of a channel, thereby increasing the spectral efficiency of each channel. This novel method of increasing transmission capacity by upgrading the head and terminal of the system to achieve greater spectral efficiency and hence throughput, alleviates the need to replace existing fiber plants.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for an image canceling digital-to-analog converter is disclosed. Up-sampling and noise shaping is used to produce a stream of digital sample values at a relatively higher sampling rate than the sampling rate of the digitized input samples, each higher sampling rate sample having fewer bits than the original samples. The higher sampling rate stream is then distributed for sequential conversion by multiple digital-to-analog converters each operating at a lower sampling rate. The outputs of the converters are then combined to form a combined output signal. Most spectral images normally observed in a standard or conventional DAC are attenuated in the combined output signal of an embodiment in accordance with the present invention. Any spectral images that remain are further from the signal of interest, permitting the use of lower cost filtering.

Abstract: The quantizers of delta sigma modulators in the signal processing systems described herein use a reduced set of comparators for quantization by predetermining and maintaining a maximum per cycle deviation d between a loop filter output signal VLF(t) and a predicted quantizer output signal qest. In at least one embodiment, a maximum quantizer level deviation d is defined in terms of a number of quantization levels. Thus, the number of comparators in a quantizer needed to quantize the quantizer input signal Vin(t) is based on the maximum quantizer level deviation d. In addition to using fewer comparators than available quantization output levels N, the quantizers can use an even number of comparators M, in contrast to comparable conventional reduced comparator ADC tracking quantizer designs using M+1 number of comparators, where N and M are integers and M<N.

Abstract: Quantizers of delta sigma modulators include comparators to quantize a quantizer input signal. Each comparator compares a respective reference signal to the quantizer input signal. A logic processing module determines a quantizer output signal based upon the comparison. During subsequent periods of time, a comparator offset converter alters “reference signal-to-comparator input terminal” associations to reroute respective reference signals from one arrangement of comparator input terminals of at least two (2) of the comparators to a different arrangement of comparator input terminals. The comparator offset converter can randomly alter the reference signal-to-comparator input terminal associations. The comparator offset converter can maintain a 1:1 reference signal-to-comparator input terminal relationship.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for providing a tunable absorption band in a wavelength selective surface are disclosed. A device for selectively absorbing incident electromagnetic radiation includes an electrically conductive surface layer including an arrangement of multiple surface elements. The surface layer is disposed at a nonzero height above a continuous electrically conductive layer. An electrically isolating intermediate layer defines a first surface that is in communication with the electrically conductive surface layer. The continuous electrically conductive backing layer is provided in communication with a second surface of the electrically isolating intermediate layer. The arrangement of surface elements couples at least a portion of the incident electromagnetic radiation between itself and the continuous electrically conductive backing layer, such that the resonant device selectively absorbs incident radiation, and reflects a portion of the incident radiation that is not absorbed.

Abstract: A camouflage device for camouflaging specularly reflecting surfaces of an object is formed with function elements for influencing the reflection of radiation from an assumed radiation source. Each function element forms a part of an outer layer and has a pair of individual surfaces on its side facing the radiation source. The individual surfaces extend longitudinally side-by-side, and their surfaces are arranged at an angle to one another. The camouflaging device is arrangeable on the object by means of a mechanism such that it is disposed in front of the reflecting surface; and the angular arrangement of the respectively assigned individual surfaces extends such that the surface normal of a first individual surface is sloped downward, and the surface normal of a second individual surface points more steeply than 80° to the horizontal plane, and their surface courses form an angle of <90° with respect to one another.

Abstract: A system for simultaneously propagating dual polarized signals in a polarimetric radar system includes a system for coding at least one of the two signals. The simultaneous dual polarization weather radar transmits signals in both the horizontal and vertical orientations at the same time. Upon reception, the signals in each channel are decoded and a number of standard and polarimetric parameters characterizing atmospheric conditions are determined. The accuracy upon which these parameters can be determined depends partially upon the interference between these two channels. The system and method isolates the vertical and horizontal channels to minimize the interference.

Abstract: A system for simultaneously propagating dual polarized signals in a polarimetric radar system includes a system for shifting the phase of one of the two signals. The simultaneous dual polarization weather radar transmits signals in both the horizontal and vertical orientations at the same time. Upon reception, the signals in each channel are isolated and a number of standard and polarimetric parameters characterizing atmospheric conditions are determined. The accuracy upon which these parameters can be determined depends partially upon the interference between these two channels. The system and method isolates the vertical and horizontal channels by using the phase information from the signals to minimize the interference.

Abstract: A radar system for motor vehicles, having a least one radar sensor having a range of less than 50 m for monitoring traffic in an adjacent lane, wherein the radar sensor has a phase-controlled antenna and a control device for setting a plurality of radar lobes having different geometries.

Abstract: An boundary monitoring apparatus comprising an object detection device arranged to transmit a signal into a detection region and to detect an object in said detection region upon receipt of a reflected signal from said object; means for defining a boundary in said detection region; means for determining a path of said object in the detection region; means for performing an evaluation of the determined path of the object with respect to the boundary; and means for causing an alarm event depending on the evaluation.

Abstract: A method and system for using a single transceiver to correlate radar position data with target identification data. Two transceivers, operating in round trip delay mode, can be used to provide two possible positions for a given target when radar coverage is lost or unavailable. Three transceivers can be used to provide actual position of a given target using round trip delay data only.

Abstract: A digital airborne situational awareness system and method. The system is installed on multiple aircraft to generate an airborne network providing collision avoidance without ground control. A global positioning system (GPS) receiver unit is coupled to a microprocessor in each aircraft equipped with the system. A software engine receives the raw GPS data and determines location, speed, flight path direction, and altitude. The software engine conditions the GPS data for display on a cockpit display panel. The conditioned data orients the display with the heading, speed, and altitude data of the host system aircraft. A transceiver section provides data transmission to other airborne receiving units within the approximately forty mile range of the airborne network. The transceiver transmits data packets including reconditioned location (track), altitude, and an aircraft class identifier to other aircraft in the network.

Abstract: This equipment is of the TCAS type. In order to improve its integrity and the reliability of its measurements, its computing unit is provided with a cross-checking function carrying out the comparison between two values of a same parameter, for example a relative distance with respect to an intruder, one of them generated by its own estimating means and the other communicated by another TCAS equipment installed on the intruding aircraft and generating a discordance alarm in the case of the observed difference exceeding a tolerance threshold. The computing unit is provided with fault locating means locating the aircraft whose TCAS is faulty when in the presence of several intruding aircraft, by examining the observed differences in pairs of values of a same parameter established for each intruding aircraft.

Abstract: A method for determining a mechanical angle to a radar target utilizing a multiple antenna radar altimeter is described. The method comprises receiving radar return signals at the multiple antennas, populating an ambiguity resolution matrix with the electrical phase angle computations, selecting a mechanical angle from the ambiguity resolution matrix that results in a least amount of variance from the electrical phase angle computations, and using at least one other variance calculation to determine a quality associated with the selected mechanical angle.

Abstract: Described is a wave guide adapter for a filling level radar. The adapter includes a decoupling member for reducing a leakage signal from a first line to a second line. The decoupling member is electrically isolated from the lines. Reducing the leakage signal increases the sensor's sensitivity at close range.

Abstract: A method for determining overbounds comprises the steps of determining conservative overbounds (qi) of at least one error (?i) in a first phase space, multiplying the conservative overbounds (qi) of errors (?i) in the first phase space by a first parameter (?(?x)·2) and a second parameter (?(x)·2), and determining an upper bound for the integrity risk at the alert limit (pw,int(AL)) in a second phase space using overbounds (qi) of errors (?i) in the first phase space by the first parameter (?(?x)·2) and the second parameter (?(x)·2).

Abstract: A measuring apparatus for measuring a distance from an object to be measured has, a transmitting means for alternately modulating amplitudes of a first continuous wave having a first frequency and a second continuous wave having a second frequency for transmitting a transmission signal as a carrier wave using an AM signal. The AM signal is produced by an AM producing circuit for modulating the amplitudes. The transmission signal is reflected as a reflection signal by the object to be measured and received by a receiving circuit. A first distance calculating circuit calculates the distance using a phase difference between the first and second continuous waves. A second distance calculating circuit is used for demodulating the receipt signal, detecting a phase difference, and calculating a distance from the object to be measured using the detected phase difference. A determining circuit determines a final distance measurement based on the above calculations.

Abstract: A millimeter wave image processor, capable of performing imaging by matching and filtering while considering a spherical wave on an antenna face in a near field, is provided. The processor includes: a T-antenna which receives a radio wave emitted by a target; an A/D converter which A/D converts signals received by the T-antenna; a correlation processing unit which performs correlation processing to a combination of signals of a horizontal conversion output and a vertical conversion output among A/D converted data; and an imaging processor which correlates a reference function in which a received signal is generated theoretically on an assumption that the target is at a position of a focused distance and a received signal of a spherical wave received by the T-antenna for each pixel in the field of view to thereby create an image of the target.

Abstract: A method for processing signals in a direction-finder system, including detection of pulses in the received signals, estimation of characterizing pulse parameters, sorting the pulses according to the characterizing pulse parameters, de-interleaving the received pulses into pulses coming from at least one emitter, determining emitter parameters characterizing said emitter, and comparing said emitter parameters with emitter parameters from known emitters in order to recognize and identify the emitter.

Abstract: A system and method is provided for detecting emitter signals and for determining a scan strategy for a receiver system that receives such emitter signals. Once a scan strategy is computed, it may be desirable to evaluate the scan strategy's intercept performance against a given emitter set under specific altitude, range and receiver load conditions. 2D and 3D emitter scan patterns are modeled and simulated. The receiver scan is also modeled and simulated. Performance statistics from the simulation are collected and analyzed.

Abstract: A system and method is provided for tracking and maintaining a highly accurate inventory of shipping containers that are stored within container storage facilities. The invention includes using multiple complementary real-time and post-processing positioning techniques associated with various positioning sensors that are associated with inventory pieces or equipment. Examples of such positioning techniques are DGPS, GPS with RTK, DGPS loosely-coupled with INS, DGPS tightly-coupled with INS, and DGPS deeply-coupled with INS. Data correction and fusion techniques are applied to these positioning stages to re-compute a calibrated position with an improved accuracy. An additional trajectory can be iteratively determined using the fusing technique until the position data becomes statistically trustworthy. Further, combinations of multiple real-time positioning techniques combined with past position error correction algorithms provide a high accuracy needed for inventory tracking.

Abstract: A detection system and method having at least one detection unit, and a control centre unit. The detection unit includes at least one sensor configured to generate sensor data correlated to sensed conditions, a locator for actively determining location data corresponding to the location of the detection unit, and a communicator configured to communicate the sensor data and location data. The control centre includes a receiver for receiving the sensor data and the location data, together with a control processor which is configured to determine a threat level correlated to the sensor data.

Abstract: A positioning device comprising: a peak frequency determination section which determines a peak frequency which is a reception frequency corresponding to a maximum correlation value of a specific positioning base code replica and a positioning base code carried on a radio wave from a specific transmission source; a reference frequency calculation section which calculates a low frequency which is a frequency lower than the peak frequency and a high frequency which is a frequency higher than the peak frequency; a reference correlation value calculation section which calculates the correlation value corresponding to the low frequency and the correlation value corresponding to the high frequency; a corrected peak frequency calculation section which calculates a corrected peak frequency based on the correlation value corresponding to the peak frequency, the peak frequency, the correlation value corresponding to the low frequency, the low frequency, the correlation value corresponding to the high frequency, and the

Abstract: An apparatus and method for adjusting transmission phasing in a point-to-point communication link is disclosed. The relative phases of the transmissions from each antenna are adjusted before transmission to give optimum gain when received by two or more antenna elements and a signal combining element. The signal includes a data component, consisting of a subset of the subcarriers modulated with the input data, which is common to transmissions from all antenna elements; and a phase reference component consisting of a subset of the subcarriers that are modulated with a predetermined phase. The signal combining element is operable to receive the components and extract phase information.

Abstract: A radar device includes a light projecting part that generates laser light, a light projecting lens that converges the generated laser light to form a beam, a reflective mirror for reflecting the converged beam to project it in a specified search direction and for reflecting returning light from this search direction, a light receiving lens for converging the returning light reflected by the reflective mirror, and a scanning part for moving the beam in a scanning manner. There are two light receiving parts which are different in photosensitivity, and a synthesizing part outputs a synthesized signal formed by synthesizing output signals from these two light receiving parts.

Abstract: Methods and systems to determine the position of objects indoors or in confined areas are disclosed. A multitude of broadcast stations are transmitting an omni-directional reference signal and directional signals having each a phase-shift depending upon their specific direction. The objects whose positions are to be identified have a transponder and a means to measure the phase-shift between the omni-directional reference signal and a directional signal received. The measured time-difference indicating the relative direction to the broadcast station, which has sent the directional signal, is sent back to the broadcast station. The absolute position of the object can be determined by the results of an angular measurement of a second broadcast station. The broadcast stations can communicate amongst each other. A post-processing unit can initiate actions according to the position of an object identified.

Abstract: A receiving system includes a combiner configured to receive signals from two or more antenna elements and to generate sum and difference outputs, and a switch configured to sequentially provide the sum and difference outputs as inputs to a receiver.

Abstract: An apparatus, for wirelessly powering a device having an enclosure for a charge storage component, includes a wireless power supply which fits into the enclosure. The apparatus includes an antenna connected to the wireless power supply. A battery. A cell phone cover for a cell phone. A headphone. A wireless power adapter for a DC jack. Alternatively, the apparatus includes a substrate having discrete components and integrated circuits disposed in the device. A method for wirelessly powering a device having an enclosure for a charge storage component.

Abstract: The present invention provides an antenna, which includes a substrate, at least one radiating element and at least one reflecting element. The at least one radiating element is placed on the substrate at an inclined angle, and the at least one reflecting element is also placed on the substrate. The signals reflected by the at least one reflecting element substantially form an omni-directional radiation pattern through aggregation of overlapping patterns.

Abstract: Various embodiments provide antennas capable of receiving both left-hand circularly polarized (LHCP) signals and right-hand circularly polarized (RHCP) signals, and outputting both signals on a single feed. In one exemplary embodiment, an antenna generally includes two substantially coplanar concentric patches. The inner patch is substantially square. The outer patch has inner and outer edges both of which are substantially square. The two patches do not physically contact one another. A single feed is connected to the inner patch. The inner patch receives the LHCP signal, and the two patches operate collectively together for receiving the RHCP signal.

Abstract: System and method for a multi-layer antenna is shown and described. A multi-layer antenna includes a plurality of antenna layers that are stacked and aligned to minimize an antenna footprint without degrading electrical performance. This reduced antenna footprint allows system designer the ability to reduce the overall size of wireless communication devices incorporating the multi-layer antenna.

Abstract: An antenna architecture comprises a base and a plurality of micro antennas. The base comprises of a plurality of reflectors disposed adjacent to edges of the base. The plurality of micro antennas are disposed on the base adjacent to corresponding plurality of reflectors respectively for receiving wireless communication signals within a designated area. Further, the invention provides a wireless tracking device comprises antenna architecture, a converter, a wireless receiver module and a processor. The antenna architecture comprises of a plurality of micro antennas for receiving wireless communication signals within a designated area. The converter is coupled to the micro antennas for processing received signals. The wireless receiver module is coupled to the converter for converting received wireless communication signals into digital data. The processor is coupled to the wireless receiver module for generating position data corresponding to the wireless communication signals according to the digital data.

Abstract: A cable assembly for a lift truck includes, in one exemplary embodiment, a transportation cable loosely housed in a self-retracting hose preformed to default to a coiled shape when no pressure is applied to elongate the self-retracting hose. The self-retracting hose has a slick external surface that is selected to prevent adherence of the surface to any portion of the lift truck. The transportation cable is used for transporting a communication signal and/or a power supply voltage.

Abstract: Foldable wireless electrical device comprises a first portion, a second portion including an antenna portion, and a shaft. The shaft is extended between two adjacent ends of the first portion and the second portion for pivotally connecting the first portion and the second portion, and is linked with the first portion. The shaft forms at least one metal section, so that the metal section electrically couples to the antenna portion when the first portion pivots to a predetermined position with respect to the second portion. In this way, a detuning phenomenon of receiving and transmitting signal of the electrical device in the closed position is improved, thereby improving the receiving and transmitting of signals of the electrical device.

Abstract: An antenna that provides three resonance frequencies includes a dielectric, and an electrically conductive antenna element arranged on a dielectric, the antenna element branches into three parts and being connected to a single feeding point, and at least two of the three parts being electromagnetically coupled with each other.

Abstract: The linear conductor 2 penetrates the magnetic base 1 along with the longitudinal direction of the magnetic base 1. The linear conductor 2 has a straight shape. The straight shape conductor 2 is installed so that it is surrounded by outside planes of the magnetic base 1, such as the side of a rectangular parallelepiped or a cylindrical peripheral face, and it penetrates both end sides of the magnetic base 1 in the longitudinal direction.

Abstract: A mobile wireless communications device may include a portable housing, at least one wireless transceiver carried by the portable housing, and a satellite positioning signal receiver carried by the portable housing. An antenna may also be carried by the portable housing and connected to the satellite positioning signal receiver. Further, at least one electrically conductive director element may be carried by the portable housing in spaced apart relation from the antenna and inductively coupled thereto for directing a beam pattern thereof.

Abstract: An animal training apparatus including an electrical conductor embedded within a flexible member, and a housing having a through-opening for receiving the electrical conductor therethrough. The flexible member is molded around the electrical conductor and the antenna, while the electrical conductor is positioned such that it extends into the housing through the through-opening. As a result of the molding process, the flexible member shields the housing through-opening, discouraging substances such as water from accessing the interior of the housing via the through-opening.

Abstract: A multiple access wireless communications architecture provides selective, simultaneous communications with wireless devices located in different sections of a spatial area around a communications apparatus referred to as “sectors”. This includes communications between wireless devices in a single sector, between wireless devices in different sectors and between wireless devices and a wired network or wireless backhaul network. The wireless communications architecture generally includes two or more wireless antenna arrangements that are each configured to provide communications with wireless devices located in a particular sector. Each wireless antenna arrangement is further configured to determine whether signals are being communicated on a communications channel before transmitting on the communications channel. This may be implemented, for example, using a carrier sense or energy detection mechanism.

Abstract: Multiband polarized receiver-emitter THz domain visualization device that includes a group of elemental receiver units made from a resonant system sensitive to frequency and polarization, a micro-bead solid-state voltage amplifier in the gate of a differential FET system. The detection is based on the carrier perturbation method detected by a set of double gate comparator circuits that further generates an integrated signal driven to a digital analog converter. The signal from here is accessing event-based memory used to generate the 3D images. Multiple detection modules are coupled into a triangular detection element detecting a multitude of frequencies, in a cascade of bands from 2 mm to 1 micron. This THz chromatic detector is integrated in a surface morph array, or in an image area of a focusing device generating a pixel of information with band, amplitude, polarization and time parameters, driving to a complex 3D substance level visualizations.

Abstract: An antenna for an ultra wide band telecommunications, provided with a rectangular conductive plate where a bow tie slot is formed, an auxiliary element extended from said rectangular conductive plate above one of two vertical angle parts opposed at a center part of the bow tie slot, a feeding part formed at one of the vertical angle parts, and a grounding part formed at the other vertical angle part.

Abstract: An automatic tuning procedure can be used to allow a small, high efficiency ferrite antenna assembly to be used in various FM frequency based devices. The ferrite antenna can take the form of a rod or flat disk, for example, which can use a pick-up coil and tuning coil to provide sufficient signal strength using a small FM antenna. A balanced amplifier can be used to provide differential input in order to further reduce noise. A microcontroller can determine the strength of the FM signal at various frequencies and can automatically tune the operating frequency to optimize system performance.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an antenna device for wireless transmission and reception of information using electromagnetic signals, comprising at least two dipole antenna elements, where each dipole antenna element comprises a first dipole arm and a second dipole arm, which first and second dipole arms are extending in essentially opposite directions from a respective feeding point end. The dipole arms are formed in metal layers on a laminate, having a first side and a second side, which laminate further has a predefined thickness (T) separating the first and second side. Each first dipole arm extend on the first side of the laminate and each second dipole arm extend on the second side of the laminate in such a way that the two adjacent dipole arms of adjacent antenna elements partially overlap during a distance (D).

Abstract: A communications apparatus comprising a first antenna, a first serial configuration of a first power amplifier and a first matching network, a second serial configuration of a second power amplifier and a second matching network, a switching element for switchably selecting the first or the second serial configuration for supplying a signal to the first antenna, the first and the second power amplifiers supplying a respective first signal of a first power and a second signal of a second power different than the first power to the first antenna for transmitting and the first and the second matching networks presenting respective first and second impedances to the respective first and second power amplifiers, the first and the second impedances responsive respectively to a power-related parameter of the first and the second signals.

Abstract: A capacitively-loaded loop antenna and corresponding radiation method have been provided. The antenna comprises a transformer loop having a balanced feed interface and a capacitively-loaded loop radiator. In one aspect, the capacitively-loaded loop radiator is a balanced radiator. In another, the transformed loop and capacitively-loaded loop radiator are physically connected. That is, the transformer loop and the capacitively-loaded loop radiator have a portion shared by both of the loop perimeters. Alternately, the loops are physically independent of each other. In one aspect, the perimeters have a rectangular shape. Other shapes such as round or oval are also possible. In another aspect, the planes formed by the transformer and capacitively-loaded loop radiator can be coplanar or non-planar, while both loops are orthogonal to a common magnetic near-field generated by the transformed loop.

Abstract: An antenna comprising a resonant structure having a first portion disposed in a first plane, and a second portion disposed in a non-parallel plane. The resonant structure is embedded in a non-conductive or dielectric material and the second portion is formed from electrically conductive vias.

Abstract: An antenna includes a substantially planer substrate and a helical winding. The substantially planer substrate includes a first surface and a second surface. The helical winding includes a first pattern, a second pattern, and a plurality of interconnections. The first pattern is affixed to the first surface and the second pattern is affixed to the second surface. Connection nodes of the first pattern are coupled to associated connection nodes of the second pattern by the plurality of interconnections.

Abstract: A planer antenna includes first and second planer helical antennas and a ground pattern. The first planer helical antenna has a first axial orientation and includes first and second helical conductive patterns on first and second surfaces of a supporting substrate. The second planer helical antenna has a second axial orientation and includes the first and second helical conductive patterns on the first and second surfaces of the supporting substrate. The ground pattern is on the second surface of the supporting substrate and provides a ground connection for the first and second planer helical antennas. The ground pattern is approximately centered at an intersection of the first and second axial orientations and the first and second planer helical antennas are off-center of the intersection of the first and second axial orientations.

Abstract: An interface adjustment support system that adjusts a display environment of a first display device (standard device)'s user interface used by a user to adapt to a second display device (device used), via a network, inputs setting information of a customized user interface of the standard device, stores the display information thereof, and adapts setting values, optimized based on the stored setting information of the standard device, to the device used when using the device used, thereby providing interfaces that have the same operational feel to the user, regardless of the device and location.

Abstract: A video display apparatus displays videos corresponding to a plurality of observers respectively and comprises a display device. A control unit controls a scan timing so that a sum of a video scanning period from an upper end to a lower end of the display device concerning one video input into the display device and a response period in the lower end of the display device is smaller than a field period of the video. The control unit allows an illumination system to emit light between the end of the response period of the lower end and the start of scanning of the next video in the upper end of the display device.