Abstract: In a case that a cleaning mode is designated, it is determined whether or not a lens unit is attached to a camera main body. If it is determined that the lens unit is not attached to the camera main body, a quick return mirror is moved upward and a shutter is opened, and a photoelectric conversion device, or a cover glass or an optical filter of the photoelectric conversion device is vibrated, thereby foreign substances attached to the photoelectric conversion device and the like are removed.

Abstract: An active lens cover for a device, such as a smart phone with a dual lens camera. The camera lens that faces the user and the camera lens that faces away from the user are not directly behind each other, but are slightly offset. The active lens cover is advantageously in the shape of a “U”, which allows a single cover to be used to protect both lenses. The offset arrangement of the two lenses allows the facing lens be exposed by sliding the lens cover in one direction, and the away lens to be exposed by sliding the lens cover in the opposite direction. When the lens cover is slid to expose the facing camera lens, the camera phone automatically turns ON and enters a pre-selected operating mode. When the cover is slid in the opposite direction to expose the away camera lens, the camera phone automatically turns ON and enters another pre-selected operating mode. The housing of the U-cover includes at least one sensor that tells the device's CPU what hardware to activate.

Abstract: In one example, an actuator mechanism comprising: one or more coils for establishing a magnetic field; a rotating permanent magnet, which has at least one extreme position depending on the magnetic field; and driving members, which are coupled to the permanent magnet and by means of which the members coupled to the actuator mechanism are driven. In another example, an actuator mechanism comprising: one or more wires, which are manufactured of a shape memory alloy that shrinks when heated; and driving members, which are coupled to said wire and by means of which the members connected to the actuator mechanism are driven.

Abstract: Foreign substances adhered to a focal plane shutter are shaken off by vibrationally driving the shutter a plurality of times in succession while the focal plane shutter, which controls the incidence of light on a photoelectric transducer converting an optical image of a photographic object into an electrical signal, shields the photoelectric transducer from light incident thereon. In other words, implementing vibrational removal of adhered foreign substances by means of overloading the focal plane shutter.

Abstract: A transfer apparatus for transferring an image of a developer from an image-bearing medium onto an image receiving medium in a transfer zone includes a heating device that heats the image-bearing medium, an adjustable power supply device that supplies electrical power to the heating device, a first temperature sensor for sensing a basis temperature in the vicinity of the image-bearing medium away from the transfer zone and for transmitting to a controller a signal indicative of the basis temperature. The controller is adapted to adjust the power supplied by the power supply device to the heating device to obtain a target temperature in the transfer zone, in response to the signal indicative of the sensed basis temperature and based on a pre-established relationship between the power supplied to the heating device and a temperature difference between a temperature in the transfer zone and the basis temperature.

Abstract: An all optical fiber bit stream reader system for examining the data contents of an optical fiber involving the conversion of a temporal timing signal into a spatially located signal is provided. The invention generally comprises generating and detecting a signal indicating the presence of data, in a manner which is minimally destructive to the data. One embodiment comprises providing a piece of optical fiber that exhibits a nonlinear response through a two photon absorption process and subsequent emission of a photon corresponding to the two photon absorption process. Such a fiber could comprise a conventional doped silica fiber into which an additional dopant has been introduced. Another embodiment involves modifying the index of refraction of the cladding of the optical fiber line. This causes a fraction of the electric field or light pulse guided through the fiber (if present) to be coupled out of the fiber. Thereafter, the pulse can be detected.

Abstract: The multi-unit wavelength switch enables multiple independent wavelength switching of a plurality of incoming multiplexed optical beams simultaneously on the same optical platform. The different units can have similar functionality or provide disparate functionality, e.g. any one or more of switching, dynamic gain equalization, wavelength blocking, and power monitoring.

Abstract: A device is provided for monitoring a passive optical network (PON) having optical network terminations (ONTs) joined to an optical distribution network (ODN). The device comprises an optical line terminator (OLT) that includes an E/O transmitter and an O/E receiver. The E/O transmitter converts electrical transmit signals to optical transmit traffic, while the O/E receiver converts optical receive traffic to electrical receive signals. The device further includes a combiner/splitter module joined to the OLT and having an ODN port that is configured to communicate with at least one ONT over an ODN. The OLT and combiner/splitter module may be joined to one another through a fiber link. The combiner/splitter module merges and splits the optical transmit and receive traffic that is conveyed to and from the OLT. The combiner/splitter module includes a separate monitor port that is configured to be attached to external monitoring equipment.

Abstract: An optical, wavelet-based fractal modulation of ultra-short light pulses is used as part of a high-bandwidth communications system. The preferred embodiment utilizes the scheme as part of a hybrid wireless optical and RF transmission system for broadband communications among fixed and/or mobile platforms. An ultra-short pulse laser, high-power WDM-ARRAY laser or high-power incoherent light sources may be used. Computer-generated hologram techniques are employed in designing the optical transceiver subsystems for spectral encoding and decoding of wavelet patterns. Part of the design goal is to select a diversity receiver Field-of-View (FOV) in a way that the effects of scintillation are reduced by as much as possible. Compared to existing optical wireless systems, the invention offers a much higher average transmission bit rate and a much smaller bit error rate outage value, thus enabling highly available FSO links.

Abstract: In a wavelength division multiplexing optical transmission system, in order to know an influence amount of a temperature dependency of a dispersion slope, a method of monitoring a dispersion variation amount in two or more of wavelength channels is provided. Further, a method of compensating a wavelength dependency of a temperature dependency of the dispersion by providing an appropriate dispersion individually to the channels or summarizingly for all of bandwidths based on the monitored dispersion variation amounts is provided. According to the present invention, in the WDM optical transmission system, a deterioration in a transmission characteristic by influence of a temperature variation of the dispersion slope can be reduced.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus for multiplexing a plurality of light waves with different wavelengths. The apparatus includes a laser sub-assembly, a multiplexer sub-assembly, and a receptacle sub-assembly. The laser sub-assembly includes a plurality of lasers for radiating a plurality of light waves of different wavelengths. The plurality of light waves are multiplexed in the multiplexer sub-assembly. The multiplexed light waves are coupled to an optical fiber by the receptacle sub-assembly.

Abstract: Provided is an optical space transmitter and an optical space transmission method, for wavelength-multiplexed light, capable of obtaining a wavelength-multiplexed signal by multiplexing optical signals having a plurality of wavelengths with a simple configuration and without requiring highly precise adjustment for optical axes and enhancing safety for a human body, including, e.g., the eyes. The transmitter has a configuration for which light sources (101a, 101b) for outputting signal lights having wavelengths different from each other are arranged so as to irradiate an approximately identical portion of a diffusion plate (104), a diffuse light outputted from the diffusion plate (104) is converted, by a radiation lens (105), into a light traveling with an angle suitable for transmission in a free space, and the converted light is passed out to the free space.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus according to the present invention comprises an image forming section which forms an toner image on a transported sheet; a fixing section which includes a heat source and fixes the toner image on the sheet; a coupling unit which electrically couples the image forming apparatus main unit and the fixing equipment to each other; and a circuit which detects the temperatures of various portions of the fixing equipment, controls the energization condition to the heat source depending on the temperature detection results and stops the energization of the heat source if a temperature beyond a predetermined temperature range is detected by either the first or second temperature detection element, if the coupling unit is disconnected, or if the second temperature detection element is broken.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus comprises a housing, a unit removably provided in the housing and configured to perform a specific operation in cooperation with components provided in the housing while being provided in the housing, an accessory circuit included in the unit, a cover that covers the unit provided in the housing, a first detector that detects a state in which the unit is set in the housing, a second detector that detects whether the cover is opened or closed, and a control section for controlling the supply of power to the unit in accordance with the results of detection made by the first and second detectors. The control section applies an operating voltage to the entire unit while the unit remains set in the housing and the cover remains closed, applies the operating voltage to the accessory circuit while the cover remains opened, and stops the application of the operating voltage to the entire unit when the unit is removed from the housing.

Abstract: Provided are a method, system and program for checking and conditional processing of a print job printed with multiple transfer media. A print job indicates first print content to print using a first transfer medium and second print content to print using a second transfer medium. The first print content is printed onto a print medium with the first transfer medium. The printed first print content is read to determine whether the printed first print content satisfies a quality requirement. The second print content is printed onto the print medium with the second transfer medium in response to determining that the quality requirement is satisfied. Information is printed indicating an error on the print medium in response to determining that the print quality requirement is not satisfied.

Abstract: An image forming method for controlling a device to receive a printing job; and to execute an intervening of a proof-printing to print at least one certain page of the received printing job in order to check its quality while an another printing job is being processed if the proof-printing is specified to the received printing job and if another printing job is being processed.

Abstract: The print media processing apparatus has a function for detecting paper jams, and uses a validation detector and a discharge detector as a plurality of jam detection means that operate at different detection levels and independently of each other.

Abstract: A charge roll disposed in an image forming apparatus, for charging an image carrier for carrying an image, and to be cleaned by a cleaning member, the charge roll including: a shaft and an electrically conductive layer provided around the shaft, an axial end portion of the electrically conductive layer in an area in contact with the cleaning member being formed into skin layer portions thinner than other portions of the electrically conductive layer, is provided.

Abstract: A test pattern for position adjustment is written on an intermediate transfer body in a sheet interval when a plurality of normal images are written continuously, using a start signal as a trigger. The test pattern is read and fed back by a sensor to adjust image formation control conditions. A normal image on the intermediate transfer body is transferred onto a paper medium supplied in a secondary transfer unit. However, the test pattern passes through the secondary transfer unit without the paper medium being supplied, thereby staining a transfer roller. Therefore, the secondary transfer unit and a transfer belt are separated from each other by a contacting/separating mechanism, while the test pattern written in the sheet interval passes through the secondary transfer unit.

Abstract: A method for measuring an amount of toner on a recording medium that can accurately measure the toner amount. Information on the recording medium to which the toner is fixed is acquired. The toner fixed to the recording medium is irradiated with laser light. A light intensity distribution of reflected light of the laser light is detected. The amount of the toner on the recording medium is calculated on the basis of the acquired recording medium information and the detected light intensity distribution.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus including image forming means for forming a toner image, which includes an image bearing member, a charger for charging the image bearing member, an exposure device for exposing the image bearing member to form an electrostatic image, and a developing device for developing the electrostatic image; a transfer member for electrostatically transferring a toner image from the image bearing member onto a recording material at a transfer region; detecting means for optically detecting a detection toner image formed on the image bearing member; control means for controlling a toner image forming condition of the toner image forming means on the basis of a result of detection of the detecting means; voltage applying means for applying to when the detection toner image passes the transfer region, a voltage having the same polarity as a charge polarity of the toner image, wherein potential difference between the voltage and a potential of a region of the image bearing member charged by the ch

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a photoconductor capable of bearing developer; a rotatable intermediate transfer member serving as an intermediate medium when transferring the developer on the photoconductor to a medium; a voltage supply section supplying to the intermediate transfer member a transfer voltage for letting the developer on the photoconductor advance to the intermediate transfer member at a primary transfer location; a secondary transfer member for transferring to the medium the developer that has moved to a secondary transfer location through rotation of the intermediate transfer member; a removal member arranged downstream from the secondary transfer location, with respect to a rotation direction of the intermediate transfer member, the removal member abutting against the intermediate transfer member and removing remaining developer remaining on the intermediate transfer member; and a controller that controls the voltage supply section, which does not cause the supply of the transfer volta

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes: a conveyance motor for conveying paper; an image forming unit forms a toner image on the conveyed paper; and a fixing device having a heat roller including plural heat sources to cause the toner image to be fixed to the paper. The image forming apparatus also includes a control unit. The control unit generates a control signal that switches ON or OFF the heat sources and a signal controls the driving of the conveyance motor, and generates a mode signal that differs between a warm-up mode and a normal mode. The control unit switches ON the plural heat sources at the same time and prohibits the driving of the conveyance motor during the warm-up mode, and allows the driving of the conveyance motor and prohibits all of the plural heat sources from being switched ON at the same time during the normal mode.

Abstract: An image heating apparatus including: a first image heating unit for heating a toner image on a recording material; a second image heating unit for heating the toner image on the recording material heated by the first image heating unit; and a detecting unit for detecting a temperature of the first image heating unit, wherein the image heating apparatus is operable to a correcting mode in which a temperature of the second image heating unit is corrected in accordance with the detected temperature of the first image heating unit.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes: an intermediate transfer mechanism that carries a toner image on an intermediate transfer body and then transfer the toner image onto a recording medium; a direct transfer mechanism that directly transfers a toner image onto a recording medium; and a controller that makes control for printing using the direct transfer mechanism alone or using both the intermediate transfer mechanism and the direct transfer mechanism, depending on the type of an image to be printed.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus has: an image bearing member which bears a toner image; a transfer member which comes into pressure contact with the image bearing member and transfers the toner image on the image bearing member onto a recording material; a first cleaning member which electrostatically collects the toner on the transfer member; and a second cleaning member which electrostatically collects the toner on the first cleaning member, wherein when a ratio of an amount of toner which is adsorbed by the first cleaning member to an amount of toner on the transfer member is assumed to be a (%) and a ratio of an amount of toner which is adsorbed by the second cleaning member to an amount of toner on the first cleaning member is assumed to be ? (%), ?>90 (%), ?>90 (%), and ???.

Abstract: An image developing device having a sealing member on an end of a developer carrier. An inner edge of the sealing member is diagonal in respect to a rotation direction of the developer carrier, which is perpendicular to an axis direction of the developer carrier.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes: a pair of opposing covers; a recording part that forms an image on a sheet; a feed roller that feeds the sheet to the recording part; and a discharge roller that discharges the sheet on which the image is formed by the recording part. The recording part and at least one roller of the feed roller and the discharge roller are supported with the pair of the opposing covers.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor including a cylindrical substrate including a photosensitive layer on an outer circumferential surface thereof and a flange adhesively fixed to at least one end of the cylindrical substrate. The flange has a joint to which a separation jig is applied to apply a tensility in a direction of separating the flange from the cylindrical substrate. A method of recycling the electrophotographic photoreceptor fills an elastic body with a fluid to inflate and contact the elastic body at the outer circumferential surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor upon application of pressure to grasp the electrophotographic photoreceptor in the jig, and the jig is applied to the joint to pull the flange in a direction of separating the flange from the cylindrical substrate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrophotographic color image forming apparatus using a tandem-drum development, an indirect image-transfer method, and a vertical sheet supply path. An intermediate image-transfer member is angled relative to a horizontal line such that a rear side of the intermediate image-transfer member away from a recording sheet is lifted and a front side of the intermediate image-transfer member closer to the recording sheet is lowered. Further, image creating mechanisms of the tandem-drum development are aligned and arranged in parallel to a moving image transfer bed of the intermediate image-transfer member, such that one of the image creating mechanisms firstly forming an image faces the rear side of the moving image transfer bed and another one of the image creating mechanisms lastly forming an image faces the front side.

Abstract: An image forming device has a main casing, a first cartridge, and a second cartridge. The main casing has the image forming portion and an inner surface. The first cartridge is loadable to and unloadable from the image forming portion. The second cartridge detachably is attachable to the first cartridge. The first cartridge further has a receiving portion for receiving the second cartridge; and a first guide for guiding the second cartridge to the receiving portion. The main casing further has a second guide provided in the inner surface for guiding the second cartridge to the first cartridge loaded in the image forming portion. The second guide communicates with the first guide of the first cartridge loaded in the image forming portion.

Abstract: A reassembled laser toner cartridge and method of manufacture in which the hopper section and roller section of a previously depleted toner cartridge are rewelded together by ultrasonic welding along the length sections after an ancillary energy director strip has been positioned between the sections where the roller section interfaces with the hopper section to provide a laser toner cartridge that has the same or nearly the same specifications as the original equipment manufactured cartridges.

Abstract: The presently disclosed embodiments relate in general to electrophotographic imaging members, such as layered photoreceptor structures, and processes for making and using the same. More particularly, the embodiments pertain to a photoreceptor undercoat layer that includes a metal oxide having a moisture content of less than 5 percent by weight of the total weight of the metal oxide, as well as, polyol and aminoplast resins, to improve image quality.

Abstract: A color image forming apparatus including: a plurality of drum-type photoconductors for forming an image in a different color on each peripheral surface and the photoconductors having at least two different diameters; a plurality of driving sections for driving each photoconductor at a driving speed in accordance with the diameter so that each photoconductor rotates at a predetermined peripheral speed; a correction signal output section for outputting a speed correction signal to correct a periodic pitch fluctuation included in each formed image; and a drive control section for controlling the driving section to correct the driving speed of each photoconductor by the speed correction signal, wherein the speed correction signal is a signal having the same cycle as a rotational cycle of each photoconductor.

Abstract: In the development apparatus and the image forming apparatus of the present invention, a first regulation member for regulating an upper surface of developer is provided on an adjacent and downstream portion with respect to a developer outlet in terms of travel direction of developer. The amount of developer passing below the first regulation member is thus adjusted. On this account, the present invention provides a development apparatus and an image forming apparatus capable of maintaining appropriate amount of developer in the developer container by reducing influence of developer fluidity or the like. With stable stirring performance and development performance, the development apparatus and the image forming apparatus of the present invention perform secure development, including the time period until the extra developer overflows and is discharged.

Abstract: A toner container of the present invention stores powdery toner to be replenished via a toner outlet thereof and includes a container body. A shutter device is positioned in the toner outlet for selectively opening or closing the toner outlet. The shutter device includes an opening/closing member, a resilient member constantly biasing the opening/closing member from the inside toward the outside of the container body, and a support member supporting the resilient member and opening/closing member. The toner container is simple and-easy to mount and dismount from an image forming apparatus while surely preventing the toner from leaking.

Abstract: In a powder supplying device which supplies powder to a powder receiving device, a powder container unit contains powder therein and is provided at a bottom of the powder container unit with a gas blowing part which blows gas to the inside of the powder container unit. A suction tube has a suction opening and attracts powder contained in the powder container unit from the suction opening. A powder transporting unit transports powder attracted by the suction tube, to the powder receiving device. The suction tube is arranged in a vicinity of a side wall of the powder container unit.

Abstract: A toner-conveying device includes a movable plate. The movable plate is movable between a holding position such as to couple a cap of a toner container to a nozzle when the toner container is supported by a container holder, and a retreating position such as not to hinder loading and unloading of the toner container in the container holder. The movable plate is placed in the holding position by a cam when the nozzle is coupled to the cap, and is released and moved to the retreating position while the toner container is being loaded or unloaded. In this structure, the cap can be properly positioned in the conveyor device while ensuring the rigidity of a bag of the container within a practically preferable range, without reducing the convenience for the operator.

Abstract: A disclosed development device includes: a latent image carrier; a conveying member disposed so as to face the latent image carrier, the conveying member having plural electrodes insulated from one another and arranged at predetermined intervals so as to generate an electric field for moving toner on the conveying member; a voltage application unit applying a voltage of n phases (n is a positive integer not less than one) to the electrodes so as to form a cloud of the toner and the toner is adhered to the latent image carrier so as to form a visualized toner image; a toner supply unit supplying the toner to the conveying member; and a height adjusting member adjusting a uniform height for a toner layer of the toner immediately before a development area on the conveying member in which development is performed.

Abstract: A color registration method in a color image forming apparatus including a plurality of drum-type photoconductors for driving some or all of the photoconductors having the same diameter to match pitch fluctuations which correspond to a rotational cycle of the photoconductors, the method including: a first measurement step for forming a first registration image for each color and measuring formation positions of a plurality of predetermined portions in each registration image; a second measurement step for forming a second registration image for each color and measuring formation positions of a plurality of predetermined portions in each registration image; a calculation step for calculating a periodic fluctuation component being contained in the images in different colors and corresponding to the rotational cycle of the photoconductors so as to obtain phases thereof; and a step for adjusting a rotational phase of the photoconductors in order for the obtained phases matching to each other, wherein the interval

Abstract: A sheet moisturizing apparatus, including a vertical conveyance route in which a sheet is guided upward or downward and paired moisuturizing units which are mounted symmetrically to sandwich the vertical conveyance route.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image carrier to carry a toner image and a fixing device to fix the toner image transferred from the image carrier onto a recording medium by applying at least heat to at least one of the toner image and the recording medium. Such a fixing device includes: a magnetic flux generator to generate a magnetic flux; and a heat generating member disposed at least partially in the magnetic flux. The heat generating member includes a heat generating layer to generate heat via eddy currents therein induced by the magnetic flux, magnitudes of the eddy currents varying according to positions thereof in a width direction of the heat generating layer. Included within the heat generating layer is a magnetic layer having a Curie point in a range, e.g., from about 100 degrees centigrade to about 300 degrees centigrade.

Abstract: A fixing device is provided with a pair of a fixing unit and a pressing unit for performing fixation of a toner image on a recording sheet; a support frame for supporting the fixing unit and the pressing unit; and a heater for generating heat for the fixation, the heater having a cylindrical shape, and being provided with an insulator on at least one of the opposite ends thereof, the insulator having a retaining space operable to fixedly engage with a portion of the support frame. This facilitates the attachment of heaters on the support frame.

Abstract: A belt fixing device includes an endless belt member, an excitation coil and a deterioration detection unit. The endless belt member includes a metal layer. The excitation coil heats the metal layer by electromagnetic induction. The deterioration detection unit detects deterioration of the metal layer of the belt member through the excitation coil.

Abstract: A cleaning member is elastically forced on a bearing surface, for cleaning off particles from the bearing surface by a movement of the bearing surface relative to the cleaning member. In particular, the cleaning member has first and second portions capable of forming first and second ramps having first and second acute internal angles on upstream and downstream sides of a contact region with respect to a moving direction of the bearing surface, respectively, the contact region being defined between the cleaning member and the bearing surface when the cleaning member is forced on the bearing surface.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus of the present invention includes a movable body to be charged and a charger including a charging member that contacts or adjoins the body to be charged and applies a voltage, including an AC component, to the charging member for thereby charging the body. A protection substance for protecting the surface of the body from deterioration ascribable to charging is caused to exist on the body. The number of particular elements, contained in the protection substance and detected by an X-ray photon spectral analyzer (XPS) in a zone where the charging member charges the body, is held in a particular ratio to the total number of all elements constituting the outermost surface of the body and also detected by the XPS.

Abstract: The invention is to improve a toner diffusing efficiency in a toner container, thereby increasing a toner containing capacity. The toner container includes plural screws which diffuse the toner in plural directions and diffuse the toner in different positions. A toner filling efficiency in the collecting container is improved by providing plural toner diffusing points within the toner container.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus according to this invention has an apparatus body containing an image forming part, an opening/closing member attached to be openable/closable about an opening/closing shaft via a hinge with respect to an upper surface of the apparatus body, a detecting part that detects an opening/closing state of the opening/closing member, a scanner part arranged in an upper part of the apparatus body and arranged to be slidable horizontally, and a driving part that slides the scanner part in accordance with the opening/closing state of the opening/closing member from the detecting part.

Abstract: An electrophotographic printing apparatus comprises a paper-conveying device conveying a continuous paper sheet in a definite conveyance direction, a plurality of photoreceptors disposed downstream from the paper-conveying device at regular intervals in the conveyance direction of the continuous paper sheet, and one or more idler rollers that are disposed between the paper-conveying device and the most upstream photoreceptor and that rotate passively while contacting the continuous paper sheet wrapping around the rollers. The idler roller that the continuous paper sheet is in contact with at the largest wrap angle has a circumference that is equal to the whole or a fractional length of the interval between the axes of two adjacent photoreceptors.

Abstract: An electrophotographic printing apparatus comprises a paper-conveying device conveying a continuous paper sheet in a definite conveyance direction, a plurality of photoreceptors disposed downstream from the paper-conveying device at regular intervals in the conveyance direction of the continuous paper sheet, and one or more idler rollers that are disposed between the paper-conveying device and the most upstream photoreceptor and that rotate passively while contacting the continuous paper sheet wrapping around the rollers. The idler roller that the continuous paper sheet is in contact with at the largest wrap angle has a circumference that is equal to the whole or a fractional length of the interval between the axes of two adjacent photoreceptors.