Abstract: To prevent a drop in a lubricating oil supply pressure in a valve train from occurring by disposing a lubricating oil supply path for the exclusive use of the valve train without allowing the lubricating oil to flow through an oil gallery, thereby securing a sufficient amount of supply of the lubricating oil in the valve train to enhance lubrication efficiency. A feed pump rotating with a crankshaft is disposed at a leftward end of the crankshaft. Lubricating oil supplied from the feed pump flows through an oil cooler and an oil filter. Part of the lubricating oil is supplied through a lubricating oil supply path to an oil gallery and to journals, crankpins, and the like of the crankshaft. The other part of the lubricating oil is supplied through lubricating oil supply paths for the exclusive use of the valve train.

Abstract: In a camshaft for an internal combustion engine having a cam disk support shaft, to which a plurality of cam disks and a drive wheel are attached, the outer radius of the cam disk support shaft varies continuously in those sections in which the cam disks are attached. The cam disks have bores whose inner radius varies continuously and the cam disk support shaft is alternately provided with elevations and depressions in those sections in which the cam disks are attached, the elevations and depressions forming a wedge-shaped curve profile about the circumference of the section of the cam disk support shaft The elevations continuously enlarge the outer radius of the cam disk support shaft, the bores of the cam disks being matched to the enlarged portion of the outer radius of the cam disk support shaft, so that by relative rotation of the cam support shaft and the cam disks and also the drive wheel the components are firmly joined and the camshaft is formed.

Abstract: In order to simplify an electrical connection device for injection devices, to make them more reliable and to simplify their installation, it is proposed that the electrical connection device has a printed circuit board (1) with printed circuit board tracks (3) arranged thereon, and the printed circuit board tracks (3) lead from a connector area to a respective coil, whereby the coils on the printed circuit board (1) are conductively arranged, and the printed circuit board, the connector area and the coils are injection-molded with plastic as a single piece and produce a structural unit.

Abstract: An auxiliary power unit automatic start-up system is configured to assist a main engine start of a machine. The auxiliary power unit automatic start-up system may include an auxiliary power unit and a controller. The controller may monitor a parameter of the machine, automatically start the auxiliary power unit if the parameter is outside a first predetermined range, and bring the parameter within a second predetermined range using the auxiliary power unit.

Abstract: A spherical coupling structure for a piston and a connecting rod, wherein a protrusion provided to the reverse side of a crown of a piston and a holding member for holding a small end are slidably fitted onto a small end, and a holding/fastening part for holding the protrusion and the holding member is screwed in. The piston is composed of an upper piston that includes the protrusion and a lower piston that includes the holding/fastening part. The masses of the upper piston and lower piston are distributed so as to substantially match each other.

Abstract: An air intake apparatus configured to combine air filtered separately through a plurality of air cleaners and lead it to a single throttle body suppresses or prevents variation in the pressure of airflow introduced from a plurality of intake paths to the single throttle body. Outside air is introduced to the plurality of air cleaners by a single air cleaner inlet. The air cleaner inlet has a chamber of a predetermined capacity which has a single intake duct, and a plurality of branching passages which branch off from the chamber into the same number as there are air cleaners and are connected to the separate air cleaners.

Abstract: A direct injection fuel injector includes a nozzle tip having a plurality of passages allowing fluid communication between an inner nozzle tip surface portion and an outer nozzle tip surface portion and directly into a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine. A first group of the passages have inner surface apertures located substantially in a first common plane. A second group of the passages have inner surface apertures located substantially in at least a second common plane substantially parallel to the first common plane. The second group has more passages than the first group.

Abstract: In a control system for a compression-ignition engine whose operation is switchable between a compression-ignition operation in which an air-fuel mixture supplied to a combustion chamber auto-ignites to burn owing to compression and a spark-ignition operation in which the air-fuel mixture is ignited to burn by a spark of a spark plug, it is determined whether a predetermined prohibitive condition to prohibit switching from the spark-ignition to the compression-ignition operation is satisfied, and switching from the spark-ignition operation to the compression-ignition operation is prohibited when the predetermined prohibitive condition is satisfied, thereby enabling to avoid premature ignition and misfire and to prevent drivability and fuel consumption performance from being affected therefrom.

Abstract: High compression ratio, homogeneous charge compression ignition engines. In one aspect the engine is dual mode utilizing spark ignition at high load levels including the addition of hydrogen or a hydrogen/carbon monoxide mixture. In another aspect, the engine operates on a high cetane fuel with the addition of hydrogen or a hydrogen/carbon monoxide mixture at low-to-mid-load levels.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for controlling an internal combustion engine having a means (16) for directly injecting fuel as well as a means (22) for admitting at least one fluid into the combustion chamber, a cylinder (12), a burned-gas exhaust means (28), and a processing and control unit (48) receiving information on at least the driver's torque demand and the engine speed (Ne), comprising a) determining the desired torque (Torque_des) corresponding in particular to driver demand; b) from this desired torque, determining a desired Indicated Mean Effective Pressure (IMEP_des) from which the parameters (Mair_sp, BGR_sp) are established to control admission of at least one fluid into the combustion chamber; and c) determining a specified value of the IMEP (IMEP_sp) from the desired IMEP and at least one magnitude linked to the fluid admitted into the combustion chamber, to define the fuel injection parameters (Mfuel_i, SOI_i, Pfuel) in the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A control apparatus for a four-stroke premixed compression ignition internal combustion engine opens an exhaust valve to discharge burned gas from a combustion chamber at a first exhaust-valve opening timing, and reopens the exhaust valve at a second exhaust-valve opening timing that is retarded with respect to the intake-valve opening timing. Thus, burned gas discharged from the combustion chamber flows back into the combustion chamber through the exhaust port. The control apparatus retards the second exhaust-valve opening timing as the load on the engine increases. This obviates the need to decrease the lift of the exhaust valve to decrease the amount of burned gas that is reintroduced into the combustion chamber and prevents increases in the resistance against the flow of burned gas into the combustion chamber.

Abstract: An engine control system for use in connection with vehicles and the like allows the engine speed to be modified using the torque load from the electrical generator. The engine is subject to a torque load from a generator coupled to the engine. The controller compares the desired speed to the actual speed of the engine to determine an error value, and the torque load of the generator is modified (increased/decreased) based on the error value such that the absolute value of the error value is reduced. The generator control is combined with and arbitrated with respect to traditional spark control methods, thus reducing the need for spark timing that is substantially retarded from the mean best timing (MBT) setting. The electrical generator can operate in either voltage control mode or field duty cycle control mode, depending upon various conditions.

Abstract: A throttle body includes a housing that accommodates a connector for a rotation shaft of a throttle valve disposed in the throttle body and a throttle position sensor, a fuel return passage that communicates the housing with an air intake passage in the throttle body, a T-shaped pipe that communicates with the air intake passage upstream from the throttle body to function as a pressure control chamber, and an air inflow passage that communicates the housing with the T-shaped pipe. The throttle body smoothly returns the fuel accumulated in a housing that accommodates a connector that connects a throttle position sensor to the end of the rotation shaft of a throttle valve to an air intake passage.

Abstract: A method is provided for controlling an engine having an intake manifold and an outlet control device coupled to the manifold for controlling flow exiting the manifold and entering at least one cylinder of the engine. The engine further includes an inlet control device for controlling flow entering the manifold. The method includes providing an engine command; calculating a desired cylinder charge based on said command; and adjusting the outlet control device to provide said desired cylinder charge. The engine command may be, for example, a driver command, such as a driver torque command. Further, the outlet control device may be implement in with a variety of mechanisms. For example, in one embodiment the outlet control device is a valve of the engine having a variable lift. In one embodiment the outlet device is a valve having variable timing. Likewise, the inlet device may be adjusted in response to a variety of parameters.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide an exhaust gas recirculation device with an improved response speed and accuracy of exhaust gas recirculation flow control in an internal combustion engine. A recirculation gas control valve controls a recirculation flow rate in exhaust gas recirculation passages of the internal combustion engine. An air intake control valve controls a flow rate in an intake passage of the internal combustion engine. An intake airflow sensor detects a flow rate in the intake passage. A recirculation flow sensor detects an exhaust gas recirculation flow rate in the exhaust gas recirculation passage. An exhaust gas recirculation controller performs feedback control of the intake air control valve and/or the recirculation gas control valve so that the exhaust gas recirculation ratio obtained based on outputs of the intake airflow sensor and the recirculation flow sensor is a target ratio recirculation ratio.

Abstract: A spark advance controller capable of controlling spark advance in an internal combustion engine with high accuracy without requiring a larger number of data maps and performing laborious optimization tests using an actual engine. In the spark advance controller, map data for controlling the spark advance is computed by a numerical simulator simulating an internal combustion engine, and the map data for spark advance control is approximated with a regression model. The spark advance is computed by using the regression model depending on the detected operating conditions.

Abstract: A fuel injection system having an injection valve, a line supplying fuel at high pressure to the injection valve a control valve controlling the pressure in a control chamber communicating with the line. The control valve has a movable valve part is actuatable by an actuator via a hydraulic coupler having two pistons cooperating with a booster chamber of the coupler. A seat of the movable valve part has an inside cross-sectional area f3, with means for filling the booster chamber via guide gaps of the pistons with fuel under pressure. The pistons are located parallel to and inside one another and a booster chamber is located on the ends of the pistons toward the actuator. In the interior of the outer piston defines a filling chamber which communicates with the line and one of the pistons has a cross-sectional area f4 is mechanically coupled to the actuator via a rod having a cross-sectional area f5.

Abstract: An electronic fuel injection system is combined with a carburetor in a carbureted internal combustion engine. The resulting air/fuel induction system comprises a carburetor air/fuel induction system in combination with an electronic fuel injection system which uses the carburetor of the carburetor system as the air valve for the electronic fuel injection system. The carburetor system and the electronic fuel injection systems are interconnected, preferably so that the mixture cut-off of the carburetor system is employed to shut off fuel flow in the carburetor to the air stream for the induction manifold and to simultaneously turn on the electronic fuel injector system. Either manual or automatic interconnection can be employed in the present invention.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electromagnetic driven type fuel injection valve employing an electromagnetic coil spring for a valve closing spring, which can achieve an accurate valve function over a long period of time while making interference between members caused by the valve closing spring to the minimum.

Abstract: A saddle-ride type vehicle provided with an air cleaner at the rear side of an engine and a fuel tank at the upper side of the engine, and a heat shield panel disposed between the fuel tank and the engine. A fuel feed pipe, one end of which is connected to a fuel pump located at the front side of the engine, extends toward the upper part of the heat shield panel and is routed on the upper side of the heat shield panel and connected to an injector which forms a fuel intake. This improves the degree of freedom in the design around an engine and facilitates the layout of a fuel feed pipe that connects a fuel pump to a fuel intake at the front and rear of the engine so that the fuel feed pipe is hardly affected by the heat of the engine.

Abstract: A fuel supply system (100) for a combustion engine (180) has at least one fuel injector (110), a fuel pump (130) and a conduit (150) connecting the fuel pump (130) with the fuel injector (110). An air intake valve (160) connects the conduit (150) to the atmosphere. The air intake valve (160) is a one-way valve that prevents sub-atmospheric pressures in the conduit (150) by allowing air to enter the conduit (150) when the pressure in the conduit (140) is lower than atmospheric pressure.

Abstract: A lag time is set in a period from the time when a leak down is finished to the time when measurement of the amount of fuel vapor is started for the purpose of returning a deformed fuel tank to its original shape. A fuel vapor amount estimating means is provided that estimates the amount of fuel vapor produced in the fuel tank during the time of the leak down. This means is so set as to make the lag time shorter as the amount of fuel vapor increases. With this, undesired precision in measuring the amount of fuel vapor produced under a condition wherein the amount of fuel vapor is large can be avoided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a combustion engine, comprising an intake system having a throttle valve controlling an air flow to the combustion engine, a brake booster being in fluid communication with the intake system, downstream the throttle valve, via an evacuation duct for evacuation of air from the brake booster to the intake system, a crankcase being in fluid communication with the intake system, downstream the throttle valve, via a low load duct for conducting crankcase gases to the intake system, a venturi tube forming part of the low load duct, wherein the venturi tube comprises a narrow venturi tube portion forming a flow resistance within the low load duct through which the crankcase gases have to pass, wherein the evacuation duct is also fluidly connected to the venturi tube portion, via a connection duct, for further evacuation of air from the brake booster to the intake system.

Abstract: A paintball gun utilizes pressurized air to fire a paintball to avoid using a spool protruding from a barrel to fire the paintball which may pinch the user's finger, accidentally. The paintball gun also uses a low pressure regulator to seal a port of the barrel to block pressurized air from entering into the barrel to prevent triggering the gun and damaging others.

Abstract: An arrestor drives a valve-body. An air source supplies air into the valve-body to control a strike-controlling unit and bolt to reciprocally move. The valve-body has linking and arresting sections. The arresting section communicates with the linking section via a ventiduct. The arresting section is formed with a passage. An inner wall of the passage has a sloped annular groove. The annular groove communicates with the air source via an intake. A shaft and resilient member are accommodated in the passage. The shaft is reciprocally drivable by the arrestor and resilient member. Via a relief duct, the ventiduct communicates with a part of the passage where the resilient member is accommodated. The arresting section is formed with an escape hole via which the passage communicates with the outer side. The shaft is formed with a first annular groove corresponding to the annular groove of the passage.

Abstract: An apparatus for installing a high-pressure gas cartridge of this invention comprises: a high-pressure gas cartridge attachment and detachment apparatus for an air gun comprising: a high-pressure gas cartridge housing provided in a clip of an air gun; a back grip panel for a grip formed as a clamp lever; a lever rotation axis constituting a rotation fulcrum for a back grip panel; and a pressing curved surface capable of pressing a bottom part of the high-pressure gas cartridge, wherein a side grip panel of the grip is provided in an attachable and detachable manner so as to open and close the high-pressure gas cartridge housing, the high-pressure gas cartridge may be attached and detached with the back grip panel of the grip rotated about the lever rotation fulcrum so as to be in an open state, and the back grip panel presses against the bottom of the high-pressure gas cartridge due to rotation centered about the lever rotation axis so as to be closed and so as to push up and install the high-pressure gas car

Abstract: A baseball and softball practicing apparatus includes a housing, a first feeding member mounted on the housing and having a first entrance, a second feeding member detachably mounted in the first feeding member and having a second entrance, and a locking device mounted on the first feeding member and detachably engaged with the second feeding member to lock the second feeding member in the first feeding member. Thus, the second feeding member is mounted on and removed from the first feeding member, so that the practicing apparatus can be used to select and change the baseball and the softball rapidly, thereby facilitating a user practicing the baseball or the softball.

Abstract: A pressure-assisted breathing system comprises a flow generator, a circuit connecting the flow generator to a patient's respiratory system and an aerosol generator for emitting aerosol particles into the circuit, wherein the circuit defines a path for the emitted aerosol particles having a change in angle no greater than 15°.

Abstract: Safe, reliable and controlled dissemination of a powder aerosol over a relatively short period is achieved by infusing the powder aerosol into a holding chamber to form a concentrated powder aerosol cloud, reducing the volume of the holding chamber to exhaust the concentrated powder aerosol at a controlled rate, mixing a gas with the concentrated powder aerosol, and monitoring the admixture of gas and concentrated aerosol to achieve a target concentration.

Abstract: A fluid dispenser device having a body (1), a fluid reservoir (3) containing two half-doses, a dispensing mechanism that dispenses a half-dose of fluid upon actuation, and an energy accumulation mechanism (50, 51, 55) that accumulates energy in the hand of the user and released suddenly so that each of the half-doses is dispensed in full. The dispensing mechanism includes a dispensing member (8) mounted to slide in the reservoir (3) for dispensing the fluid, an actuating element (5) mounted to move between a rest position and an actuating position and on which the user exerts an actuating force to move the dispensing member (8) inside said reservoir (3). The actuating element is mounted to move in a direction substantially transverse to the direction in which the dispensing member (8) moves, and a dose-splitting mechanism (7, 12) dispenses a half-dose of fluid each time the dispensing mechanism is actuated.

Abstract: The invention relates to an arrangement in connection with a feedback control system, the arrangement comprising a controllable device (10), a measuring device (7), a controlling device (9) and a user interface by which the controlling device (9) can be monitored by means of set values. The measuring device (7) is adapted to measure a measuring value (8) from a measuring point, which measuring value is dependent on the operation of the controllable device and the controlling device (9) is adapted to monitor the controllable device (10) on the basis of the measuring value and set values. To improve safety, the arrangement comprises means (15a, 15b, 15c) adapted to feed a reference signal (16) to the measuring device (7) periodically.

Abstract: A face mask is provided that is configured to reduce or eliminate fogging that may occur on eye wear or an eyeshield worn by a user of the face mask. The face mask includes a body portion that has a layer with an inner surface configured for facing the face of the user. The layer has at least one fold that extends in a horizontal direction across at least a portion of the layer. The fold has a fold forming portion located between and attached to two primary portions of the layer. The inner surface of the fold forming portion is in facing relationship with the inner surface of the vertically disposed lower primary portion.

Abstract: A nasal mask assembly for preferred use in CPAP treatment. The mask assembly comprises a central body, a face cushion, a forehead support and a gas inlet. The gas inlet is rotatably connected to the central body, and the forehead support is pivotally connected to the central body. A method of using such a mask is also provided.

Abstract: A covering for an aseptic treatment site is described and which includes a substrate defining an aperture which permits selective access to an aseptic treatment site on a patient; and a transparent cover is borne by the substrate and which is removably affixed in substantially aseptic covering relation relative to the aperture.

Abstract: A patient restraint member is provided for medical procedures, such as radiation therapy. The restraint member is formed from a sheet of thermoplastic material that can be softened upon heating so as to be formable into a shape corresponding to a patient's body part to be restricted and setting upon cooling to retain the shape. The sheet includes spaced apart groups of perforations which minimize shrinkage during the formation process. The sheet also includes solid bands extending between the groups of perforation to provide rigidity and strength to the formed sheet.

Abstract: A non-combustion, chemical heat source includes a heat chamber having a closed end and an open end. The heat chamber includes an apertured heat cartridge disposed at the open end of the chamber, an abutment disposed at the closed end of the chamber, an activating solution, a frangible seal separating the activating solution and the heat cartridge. The heat cartridge includes metallic agents that may come in a variety of configurations. The heat source is activated when the heat cartridge is pushed through and breaks the frangible seal allowing contact between the metallic agents and the activating solution. The heat cartridge includes an aperture in the bottom of the cartridge and absorbent paper surrounding the metallic agents, both of which control the transfer of the activating solution into the metallic agents to cause the chemical reaction. The heat sources may be incorporated into smoking articles and may also be used to heat foods or beverages, in hand warmers, and to heat equipment or materials.

Abstract: The present invention provides a painting holder, a painting holder feeding unit, a printer unit having the holder and feeding unit, and an art painting apparatus with such a printer unit for automatic vending machines. The painting holder consists of a housing connected to a bracket of a feeding unit, a spring-biased finger base movably set within the housing so as to be elastically biased upward in the housing, a locking member hinged to the right-hand sidewall of the housing, and normally biased in a direction by a first torsion coil spring, and a finger cover hinged to the left-hand sidewall of the housing, and biased in a direction by a second torsion coil spring. The finger cover also has a painting opening at a predetermined position thereof, and is locked by the locking member. The art painting apparatus has a high resolution of not less than 1,200 dpi, thus accomplishing a highly active and clear painting effect.

Abstract: The present invention resides in a washing device constructed by a conveyer of a carrying-in side arranged in a frame, a reservoir lower portion having plural rails for holding the work and an ultrasonic generator arranged in this frame, each reservoir upper portion united with this reservoir lower portion, a raising-lowering device for raising and lowering each reservoir upper portion, an arm mechanism for work conveyance, a moving device for controlling advancing and retreating movements of the arm mechanism, a movable device for controlling a swinging return of the arm mechanism, and a conveyer of a carrying-out side for conveying a processed work. The conveyer and the rail of each reservoir lower portion are approximately arranged on the same face. The work is horizontally moved through this conveyer and the rail and is washed and dried by utilizing the union of each reservoir lower portion and each reservoir upper portion.

Abstract: A portable awning comprising a flexible shading element, an attachment strap for anchoring the shading element to an existing vertical support structure, and poles for maintaining the shading element at a vertically elevated position with respect to the surface of the ground. The shading element is constructed from a waterproof material such as canvas or nylon and substantially protects a user from overexposure to inclement environmental conditions, including direct sunlight, wind, rain, and snow. The poles and the attachment strap are easily disengaged from the shading element, and the shading element is foldable, thereby providing a portable awning which is easily disassembled in order that it be transported between locations or stored between successive uses.

Abstract: Folding modular structure for a tent or similar for fast mounting includes an assembly of tubular profile bars permitting in particular to form at least two arches facing each other connected by at least two purlins one of which is a ridge. The ridge purlin is formed of the butting of two profile bars, made integral, each by their other end, with a ridge member. That other end includes, on the one hand, a pivoting device for pivoting, in a limited way through an indexing mechanism, on the ridge member according to an axis perpendicular to the plane of the arch. The pivoting device allows the folding back of the shape parallel to the arch, the butting of the two profile bars occurring through encasing means capable of ensuring their immobilization in axial pivoting according to angular positions defined by the indexing mechanism.

Abstract: Embedded check-valve manufacturing assembly (100, 600) for subsequent firing and integration in a micro-fluidic system. The assembly can include a check-valve chamber (104, 604), an inlet port (106, 606) and an outlet port (108, 608) formed from at least one layer of an unfired low-temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) tape to form a substrate (102, 602). A plug (114, 614) is disposed within the check-valve chamber that is capable of withstanding the LTCC firing process without damage or distortion.

Abstract: Embedded check-valve manufacturing assembly (100, 600) for integration in a micro-fluidic system. The assembly can include a check-valve chamber (104, 604), an inlet port (106, 606) and an outlet port (108, 608) formed from at least one layer of an low-temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) tape to form a substrate (102, 602). A fired LTCC plug (114, 614) is disposed within the check-valve chamber.

Abstract: A fire collar or fire damper for location within a concrete slab of a building. The device incorporates a damper arrangement (12) and a heat detector (18, 19) comprising a metal alloy or lead which melts when a present temperature is reached, causing the damper arrangement to seal off associated pipework or ducting.

Abstract: An air gap fitting and method for fluid flow coupling an appliance waste water discharge outlet to a sewer stand pipe inlet. A bell-shaped hood has a side wall skirt tapering downwardly divergently to a skirt lower edge outlet dimensioned to telescopically receive the open upper inlet end of a sewer stand pipe until it abuts a 360° internal slip-stop skirt shoulder. A single hood air vent exterior opening extends axially of the skirt approximately two inches. An interior central drain tube extends downwardly and terminates flush with the hood air vent opening lower edge. A tube air vent gap slot is oriented 180° out of alignment with the hood exterior air vent. A hexagonal protrusion on the hood upper end receives a wrench to rotate or hold the fitting, and accommodates forming a ½? or ¾? I.D. female threaded hood inlet.

Abstract: A waste water and hazardous chemical collection system is provided. The system includes a bottom pan having a plurality of vertically disposed walls, a multitude of outwardly horizontally projecting ledges and a plurality of downwardly depending lips. Each pan further includes a drainage waffle inserted within said pan. A work surface is applied to a top surface of said drainage waffle. A plurality of holes is formed in said work surface permitting any liquids that make contact to the work surface to drain there through and into an area of the bottom pan. A pump is connected to said pan for withdrawing liquids therefrom. The system includes a water source for each pan thereby creating a shower system.

Abstract: A check valve having a valve housing inserted into a receptacle in which housing a pistonlike valve member is guided longitudinally displaceably and cooperating with a valve seat on the valve housing. The valve member is urged in the closing direction by a prestressed closing spring and in the opening direction by the pressure prevailing in an inlet, and the valve member is inserted into the valve housing from the side of the valve seat. The valve housing is embodied in one piece and is embodied as cup-shaped and has both a bottom and a jacket region that defines a recess. With the open end of its recess, the valve housing points out of the receptacle, and the valve seat is located on the bottom of the valve housing, facing away from the recess. With a shaft, the valve member protrudes through a bore in the bottom into the recess in which the closing spring is located.

Abstract: An apparatus and method to assemble and disassemble a valve cover locking screw assembly for a reciprocating pump module block. The module block has a bore, a removable valve cover closing the bore, and a valve cover locking ring securable to the block and surrounding the bore with internal threads. A valve cover locking screw has cylindrical walls with external threads, a closed top, and an open bottom. A plurality of threaded bolts engage a plurality of threaded openings through the cylindrical walls of the locking screw so that the bolts force the valve cover against the module block thereby creating a fluid tight seal.

Abstract: A valve for causing pulsatile flow in a multi-piston plunger pump includes a valve poppet, a valve seat, and a spring biasing the valve poppet against the valve seat; and a mechanism holding the valve poppet in an open position, thereby producing pulsatile flow from the pump. The mechanism includes a magnet and an adjustment mechanism for moving the magnet toward and away from the valve poppet. When the magnet is moved toward the valve poppet, the magnet attracts the poppet away from the valve seat, and when the magnet is moved away from the valve poppet, the magnet releases the poppet. The spring then biases the poppet against the valve seat in a closed position.

Abstract: What is disclosed is a non-return valve comprising a sealing piston which is biased against a valve seat in the basic position inside a valve housing, and which is manufactured by a plastics injection molding technique.

Abstract: A main valve reduces an unregulated pressure of a high-pressure gas to a regulated pressure by being interlocked with a diaphragm, which receives the regulated pressure within a pressure regulating chamber and is displaced. A subsidiary valve is interlocked with the main valve through a plunger and reduces the unregulated pressure of the high-pressure gas to the regulated pressure. The subsidiary valve is located such that the force, which accompanies a pressure loss occurring at the subsidiary valve and which the subsidiary valve receives, cancels the force, which accompanies the pressure loss occurring at the main valve and acts upon the plunger. An adjustor adjusts a pressure loss value occurring at the subsidiary valve so as to be equal to the pressure loss value occurring at the main valve.