Abstract: In one aspect, the invention includes a method of forming a roughened layer of platinum, comprising: a) providing a substrate within a reaction chamber; b) flowing an oxidizing gas into the reaction chamber; c) flowing a platinum precursor into the reaction chamber and depositing platinum from the platinum precursor over the substrate in the presence of the oxidizing gas; and d) maintaining a temperature within the reaction chamber at from about 0° C. to less than 300° C. during the depositing. In another aspect, the invention includes a platinum-containing material, comprising: a) a substrate; and b) a roughened platinum layer over the substrate, the roughened platinum layer having a continuous surface characterized by columnar pedestals having heights greater than or equal to about one-third of a total thickness of the platinum layer.

Abstract: A structure of a micro electro mechanical system and a manufacturing method are provided, the structure and manufacturing method is adapted for an optical interference display cell. The structure of the optical interference display cell includes a first electrode, a second electrode and posts. The second electrode comprises a conductive layer covered by a material layer and is arranged about parallel with the first electrode. The support is located between the first plate and the second plate and a cavity is formed. In the release etch process of manufacturing the structure, the material layer protects the conductive layer from the damage by an etching reagent. The material layer also protects the conductive layer from the damage from the oxygen and moisture in the air.

Abstract: A substrate having many via contact means disposed therein. Each of the via contact means is composed of a via hole, as a through-hole, formed in the substrate, a metal film disposed on the inner peripheral surface of the via hole, and a solder filled into the cavity defined by the metal film.

Abstract: In an integrated circuit, a layer including a plurality of conductive wires is described. A first wire, having sidewalls, is tapered from a proximal end which has a first width to a distal end which has a second width, to reduce width from the first width to the second width, and the first wire also has a substantially vertical surface. A second wire, spaced apart from the first wire, also has a substantially vertical surface. The first wire and the second wire are each horizontally disposed along side each other forming a part of a sidewall capacitor between facing sidewalls. Capacitors are created between the first substantially vertical surface and the second substantially vertical surface, the capacitors are respectively associated with capacitances and with a plurality of loads, the plurality of loads is progressively reduced responsive to a progressive reduction of the capacitances as associated with the first wire taper.

Abstract: A flip chip stacked package mainly comprises a carrier, a lower chip, an upper chip, a plurality of bumps, a plurality of bonding wires and a supporter. The supporter is attached to the lower surface of the carrier via an adhesive and covers the opening of the carrier. Thus, the lower chip can be disposed in the opening. In addition, the lower chip is electrically flip-chip bonded to the upper chip via the bumps and electrically connected to the carrier via the bonding wires. Accordingly, the heat generated from the lower chip can be transmitted to outside via the supporter. Furthermore, the upper chip is directly exposed to outside so that the capability of the heat dissipation will be enhanced.

Abstract: Provided is a stack package using an anisotropic conductive film (ACF) for reducing thermal stresses exerted on chip scale packages (CSPs) during the initial manufacture of stack packages from a plurality of CSPs and for facilitating the repair and/or rework of stack packages incorporating CSPs while reducing the likelihood of damage to the CSPs. In the stack package including a plurality of CSPs stacked using an ACF, each CSP will typically include a circuit board, a semiconductor chip mounted on and electrically connected to the circuit board, and solder balls or other conductive structures arranged the semiconductor chip on the peripheral regions of the circuit board. Also provided are methods for the initial production of such stack packages and supplemental methods for the repair and rework of such stack packages.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a multi-chip package structure, comprising a first substrate, a first chip, a sub-package and a first molding compound. The first chip is attached to the first substrate. The first molding compound encapsulates the first chip, the sub-package and the top surface of the first substrate. The bottom surface of the sub-package is attached to the first chip. The sub-package comprises a second substrate, a second chip and a second molding compound. The second substrate has a top surface and a bottom surface, and is electrically connected to the first chip. The second chip is attached to the top surface of the second substrate to which the second chip is electrically connected. The second molding compound encapsulates the second chip and part of the top surface of the second substrate. Whereby, the relative large area caused by the parallel arrangement of a plurality of conventional package structures can be reduced, and there is no need to redesign signal-transmitting path.

Abstract: A dual chips stacked packaging structure. A first chip comprises an active surface and an opposing non-active surface, the active surface consisting of a central area and a peripheral area having a plurality of first bonding pads. A lead frame comprises a plurality of leads and a chip paddle having a first adhering surface and a second adhering surface, with the first adhering surface adhering to the active surface of the first chip in such a way as to avoid contact with the first bonding pads. A second chip comprises an active surface and an opposing non-active surface connecting with the second adhering surface of the chip paddle, and the active surface consisting of a central area and a peripheral area having a plurality of second bonding pads. Parts of the wires electrically connect with the first bonding pad and the leads, and parts of the wires electrically connect with the second bonding pad and the leads.

Abstract: Semiconductor chips are connected to electrode terminals (6a, 6b) by wire bonding, and connecting conductors connect extending portions (60b, 60c) extending from a part of the electrode terminals (6b, 6c) to the circuit patterns (3a, 3b) by soldering, and thus the wire bonding points of the electrode terminals are reduced to thereby reduce an electric resistance and suppress heat generation and voltage drop.

Abstract: A connection method is disclosed for a high-performance semiconductor system. The connection method enables high-speed operation with low noise, so as to obtain reliable and excellent connection in a short TAT at low costs. Semiconductor chips and the interposer chips are polished by grinding at their rear surfaces, holes are formed at rear surface positions corresponding to external electrode parts on the device side (front surface side) so that the holes extend to front surface electrodes, and metal plating films are applied to the side walls of the holes and rear surface side. Metal bumps of another semiconductor chip laminated at an upper stage being press-fitted into the holes applied with the metal plating films through deformation and being geometrically calked in the through holes formed in the semiconductor chip so as to electrically connected thereto.

Abstract: An input and output circuit of an integrated circuit chip for exchanging signals between logic circuits of the integrated circuit chip and a system. The input and output circuit includes a plurality of power rings for providing a plurality of power sources, a plurality of input and output pads for transmitting signals, a sequence of input and output cells for transmitting signals, and a plurality of electrostatic discharge protection cells deposited within the sequence of input and output cells for performing electrostatic discharge protection for the input and output cells, wherein the plurality of electrostatic discharge protection cells are not coupled to any input and output pads.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a first insulation layer including a first conductor pattern, a second insulation layer formed on the first insulation layer and including a second conductor pattern, and a third conductor pattern formed on the second insulation layer, wherein there is formed a first alignment mark part in the first insulation layer by a part of the first conductor pattern, the third conductor pattern is formed with a second alignment mark part corresponding to the first alignment mark part, the first and second alignment marks forming a mark pair for detecting alignment of the first conductor pattern and the third conductor pattern, the second conductor pattern being formed in the second insulation layer so as to avoid the first alignment mark part.

Abstract: There is disclosed a system for use in transport vehicles, comprising in combination an auxiliary power unit (APU) for a transport vehicle powered by a diesel engine and having a fuel system, an engine exhaust system and a battery powered electrical system; and a locator unit for use in a tracking and monitoring system for communicating over a communication network with the locator unit and with a remote location the APU, wherein the locator unit is attached to or installed within the APU.

Abstract: A double alternator for a vehicle and a vehicle electrical system employing the double alternator.

Abstract: A machine includes an electrical power source, which may include a mechanical power source and an electric generator drivingly connected to the mechanical power source. The machine may also include one or more power loads connected to the electric generator. Additionally, the machine may include power-supply controls, which may be configured to execute a control method. The control method may include receiving inputs relating to conditions of operation of the machine. Additionally, the control method may include controlling the speed at which the mechanical power source drives the electric generator, and the power consumption of one or more of the power loads connected to the electric generator, interdependently.

Abstract: A generator control device controls a generator that is driven by an engine to charge a battery and supply electric power to electric loads. In the generator control device the following steps are carried out: calculating a required electric power; calculating a difference rate that is a difference in an amount of a hazardous gas component of engine exhaust gas between a first case in which the generator generates the required electric power and a second case in which the generator does not generate an electric power divided by the electric power and controlling the generator to generate the required electric power if the difference is equal to or smaller than a first reference value.

Abstract: A self-supporting, submersible generating plant for producing electricity from ocean currents, consisting of two counter-rotating, rear-facing turbines with a plurality of rotor blades extending radially outward from two separate horizontal axis that convey the kinetic energy from the two side-by-side, counter-rotating turbine rotors through separate gearboxes to separate generators that are housed in two watertight nacelles that are located sufficiently far apart to provide clearance for the turbine rotors. The two generators and their gearboxes serve as ballast and are located far below a streamlined buoyancy tank that extends fore and aft above and between them. A combination of a leverage system and a pressure-controlled system adjusts the hydrodynamic lifting forces to maintain constant depths. There are systems to purge the ballast water to facilitate the recovery of both individual submersible power plants and a group of many submersible power plants.

Abstract: The invention relates to a wind energy system having a rotor that can be driven by the wind, preferably having one or more rotor blades that can be adjusted in angle, a generator directly or indirectly connected with the rotor, to generate electric energy, which is configured as an asynchronous generator having a super-synchronous converter cascade in the rotor circuit, for slip-variable generator operation, so that power output of the generator is possible at variable speeds of rotation of the rotor, and an operation guide system that is configured to regulate the speed of rotation of the rotor, within a predetermined wind speed range. To improve the energy yield, it is provided that the super-synchronous rectifier cascade is configured in the rotor circuit for feeding the slip power into the network. For this purpose, the super-synchronous converter cascade has a DC voltage intermediate circuit having a high-set element.

Abstract: Power supply apparatus and method based on parasitic power extraction is disclosed. Power is extracted from signals that are inbound and/or outbound from an equipment. The extracted power is converted to dc voltages for a device associated with the equipment. The positive portions of the extracted power are combined in an additive manner to provide a first potentially time-varying signal and negative portions of the extracted power are also combined in an additive manner to provide a second potentially time-varying signal. The two potentially time-varying signals are also combined in an additive manner and divided into the desired number of dc voltages and magnitudes. An optional dc voltage power source is provided should the extracted power be inadequate to provide the dc voltages.

Abstract: A touch sensor interfaces with a control system or controlled device using two wires. The output of the touch sensor controls an output switch.

Abstract: An electronic circuit for use with an exhaustible power source and at least one load such as a light bulb, a radio or motor, includes a microchip with an input that transmits a signal to the microchip when the load is activated or deactivated. The input does not form a serial link between the power source and the load. The power switch, by on/off switching, controls energy flow from the power source to the load. The input to the microchip acts as an activation/deactivation user interface. The microchip allows the user to select a specific load, specific functions for the selected load based on the time duration of activation signals, the time duration between activation signals and the number of activation signals at the input.

Abstract: A linear motor including a plurality of movers (1a to 1c), each of which is formed with an armature having a polyphase balancing winding (Ru to Rw), and a stator having a permanent magnet or a secondary conductor is configured such that the plurality of movers (1a to 1c) are disposed on the single stator; and the polyphase balancing windings (Ru to Rw) in the respective movers (1a to 1c) are connected in series. Accordingly, there can be obtained an inexpensive linear motor which is capable of driving a large machine, which is capable of canceling cogging force, which offers facilitated assembly of movers, and which can provide thermal protection of the movers with ease.

Abstract: An autofocus actuator is provided with a yoke 320 that comprises an inner cylindrical portion 321 defining an insertion bore 35 through which a hollow body portion of a holder is adapted to be received and an outer cylindrical portion 322 provided outside of the inner cylindrical portion with a predetermined spacing left between the inner cylindrical portion and the outer cylindrical portion by a connecting portion 324. Four tab-shaped portions 325 are integrally formed with an end surface of the outer cylindrical portion 322 of the yoke in such a manner that the tab-shaped portions remain flush with the end surface of the outer cylindrical portion and extend outwardly from the outer cylindrical portion. The tab-shaped portions 325 are so formed as to leave a concave portion 327 between the adjacent tab-shaped portions. This assures that the tab-shaped portion 325 can make contact with a leaf spring in a broader area, thus enabling the leaf spring to be reliably bonded to the yoke 320.

Abstract: An electromechanical energy converter for a gaseous or vaporous medium comprising a stator (1) with two pot-shaped stator members (1a, 1b), each open at one end face and adjoining each other at these end faces, the stator members surrounding a working space (12) and forming a common magnetically permeated air gap (7) in which a coreless armature coil (25) is displaceably arranged. Arranged in the working space (12) is a freely oscillating piston (14) linked to the armature coil (25). Furthermore, at least one source (21a, 21b) for the medium, two reaction chambers (66a, 66b) each assigned to a head (15a, 15b) of the piston (14) and control means (17a, 19a, 22a, 23a; 17b, 19b, 22b, 23b) assigned to the reaction chambers (66a, 66b) for self-control of the piston oscillations are provided, by means of which the reaction chambers (66a, 66b) may be opened to the source (21a, 21b) during the piston oscillations for accepting medium under pressure, and to the working chamber (12) for releasing expanded medium (FIG.

Abstract: An electromagnetic engine has an inner rotor and an outer rotor having magnets of opposite polarity mounted thereon. Output is taken from the inner rotor, which is free to rotate in a single direction. The outer rotor is caused to oscillate, the force of magnetic repulsion between the magnetic fields of the inner and outer rotors driving rotation of the inner rotor. The outer rotor may be held stationary by solenoids and holding gears when the inner and outer magnetic fields are closely adjacent in order to maximize the force of repulsion. The timing of the oscillation and pausing of the outer rotor may be controlled by EPROM circuitry and a timing sensor mounted on the output shaft or gear.

Abstract: A rotor, which is rotatable about a rotor shaft, comprises N poles and S poles alternately disposed in the circumferential direction, and rotor-side neutral poles disposed adjacent to the N poles and the S poles along the axial direction of the rotor, being magnetically connected to their back yoke. A stator comprises two modules which are adjacently disposed in the axial direction of the rotor. Each of these two modules comprises a winding wound, in a loop shape, around the rotor shaft, stator-side neutral poles disposed at positions opposed to the rotor-side neutral poles, stator poles each of which is disposed at a position opposed to either the N pole or the S pole, and a back yoke which connects the stator-side neutral poles and the stator poles to surround the winding.

Abstract: A damper for a stator assembly, the stator assembly comprising a stator segment and a seal mounted to the stator segment. The damper locates between the stator segment and the seal, and comprises: a medial section; and opposed arms extending from the medial section. The medial section engages one of the stator segment and the seal and the opposed arms engage the other of the stator segment and the seal. A method of making the damper, comprising the steps of: providing a sheet of material having a medial section and opposed arms extending from the medial section; forming a bend at the medial section so that the medial section can engage one of the stator segment and the seal; and forming a bend at each of the arms so that the arms can engage the other of the stator segment and the seal.

Abstract: Hydrogen gas is circulated to cool an electric rotating machine main body, and brush seals are provided to contact a predetermined position on the outer circumferential surface of a rotating shaft. As a result, contact of a sealing oil and the hydrogen gas, contact of a lubricating oil and the sealing oil in the bearing, and leakage of the hydrogen gas outside the machine are prevented.

Abstract: An alternator has a rotor having magnetic poles along a circumferential direction and a cooling fan fixed to an end surface of the rotor in an axial direction. The fan has wing portions disposed along the circumferential direction. One wing portion has a fan base extending on or over first and second magnetic poles, first and second fixing members, respectively, fixing first and second fixing portions of the base to the first and second poles, and a fan blade extending from the fan base toward the axial direction. The base or blade has a boundary portion at which a boundary line between the blade and base crosses over a side line of the second pole, and a first distance between the first fixing portion and the boundary portion is substantially equal to a second distance between the second fixing portion and the boundary portion.

Abstract: A modified mounting structure for a heat-dissipating device. The heat-dissipating device has a motor and a seat with a slot mounted on a base or the cover portion of a stator thereof. The seat secures a motor controller of the heat-dissipating device detecting phase changes of the magnetic poles of the motor. The structure of a heat-dissipating device reduces required components, manufacturing cost and assembly time, and the control circuit is greatly simplified.

Abstract: Reductions in cost and manufacturing processes are achieved by interposing a single metallic terminal between a lead wire of a stator and a three-phase output terminal. A rotor 3 is fixed onto a rotating shaft 2 disposed rotatably in a housing 1, and a stator core 5 is disposed opposite to the rotor 3. A stator winding 6 is wound around the stator core 5 and a lead wire 10 of the stator winding 6 is connected to a head portion 8a of a three-phase output terminal 8 through a single metallic terminal by a screw 12.

Abstract: An actuator has a housing that accommodates a motor, an output shaft for rotating a lamp unit that radiates light, a drive mechanism portion formed from a transmission gear system for transmitting rotation from the motor to the output shaft, and a control circuit portion for controlling the drive of the motor, the drive mechanism portion and the control circuit portion being disposed in a separated state due to an intermediate wall.

Abstract: A low-abrasion rotating structure includes a stator set, a rotor set, and a rotating shaft. A stator hole is defined at a center of the stator set. A rotor hole is defined at a center of the rotor set. The rotating shaft is disposed in both the stator hole and the rotor hole to connect the stator set and the rotor set, and is rotatable in respect to the stator set and the rotor set.

Abstract: A magnet assembly includes a back iron and an array of magnets. The back iron is in the form of a plate having opposed surfaces. The magnets are arranged along one of the surfaces, with the other surface being dimensioned and configured according to the magnetic field distribution associated with the magnets. The back iron geometry provides for reduced mass, reduced leakage flux, and high flux densities to improve performance of a linear motor that employs such a magnet assembly. Additionally, the back iron can be a magnetically conductive annular ring, such as is employed in a rotary motor. Moreover, the magnets can be arranged in a manner that generates a Halbach array to increase force output in a desired direction while canceling stray magnetic fields in other directions. Similar reduced-mass designs can be employed in conjunction with a back iron of a fixed cross-section and magnets of variable thicknesses, variable lengths, and/or variable widths.

Abstract: In a dynamoelectric machine according to the present invention, a first three-phase wye-delta hybrid winding and a second three-phase wye-delta hybrid winding are installed in a stator core having a plurality of slots. A first delta U winding portion and a first wye U winding portion are housed in identical slots, a first delta V winding portion and a first wye V winding portion are housed in identical slots, and a first delta W winding portion and a first wye W winding portion are housed in identical slots. A second delta U winding portion and a second wye U winding portion are housed in identical slots, a second delta V winding portion and a second wye V winding portion are housed in identical slots, and a second delta W winding portion and a second wye W winding portion are housed in identical slots.

Abstract: A motor stator in one implementation includes a plurality of teeth disposed in a radial form centered about a predetermined center axis, insulators covering the plurality of teeth, and a plurality of coils provided on each of said plurality of teeth by winding conductors onto the insulators through to multiple layers. At one axial end of the plurality of areas where the insulators cover each of the plurality of teeth, the radius of curvature of the conductor windings on the ending side is larger than the radius of curvature on the starting side. The insulators in a motor stator in another implementation are provided with a first partition and a second partition that, relative to the axial center of the plurality of teeth, respectively cover one side and the other side each tooth.

Abstract: A laminate coil for an integral n-phase motor (n is a natural number of 2 or more) having pluralities of coil poles formed by patterned conductor coils formed in a laminate constituted by pluralities of insulating layers, the laminate coil comprising input and output terminals formed on an outer surface of the laminate, a first connecting line connecting the input terminal to the coil poles, and second connecting lines series-connecting coil poles having the same polarity, the first and second connecting lines being formed by conductor patterns, and the coil poles being formed on pluralities of insulating layers sandwiched by the first and second connecting lines.

Abstract: A method of providing RFI suppression in a DC motor provides a universal terminal bar structure 70 including a positive terminal bar 72 and a negative terminal bar 76, a first choke 80 electrically connected with the positive terminal bar, a second choke 82 electrically connected with the negative terminal bar, a first ground connection 86 constructed and arranged to electrically connect the positive terminal bar to ground, a first breakable section A between the first ground connection and the positive terminal bar, a second ground connection 88 constructed and arranged to electrically connect the negative terminal bar to ground, and a second breakable section B between the second ground connection and the negative terminal bar. Capacitor structure 90 is attached to the terminal bar structure, and the first breakable section is selectively broken, alone or in combination with the second breakable section to provide versatile RFI suppression.

Abstract: The present invention relates to systems and methods for a synchronous motor/generator including at least one back iron element which is rotated along with a rotor of the motor/generator. Rotation of the back iron(s) mitigates eddy current losses and improves efficiency in the motor/generator. The motor/generator also includes at least one stator winding supported in a non-conductive structure attached to the machine frame. The motor/generator of the present invention can also include at least one permanent magnet located in the rotor. The permanent magnet(s) cooperates with rotor windings to generate a DC magnetic field for the rotor. The components of the motor/generator can be configured in an axial gap topology, radial gap topology, or any other suitable topology.

Abstract: A piezoelectric element includes a base substrate, a buffer layer formed above the base substrate, and a piezoelectric film formed above the buffer layer, wherein the buffer layer is formed of Pb ((Zr1-xTix)1-yNby)O3 of a perovskite type, where x is in a range of 0?x?1, and y is in a range of 0.05?y?0.3, and the piezoelectric film is formed of a relaxor material of a perovskite type.

Abstract: A piezoelectric device including: a substrate; a first conductive layer formed over the substrate, the first conductive layer including a conductive oxide layer formed of a (001) preferentially oriented lanthanum nickelate, and the lanthanum nickelate having oxygen deficiency; a piezoelectric layer formed over the first conductive layer and including a piezoelectric having a perovskite structure; and a second conductive layer electrically connected with the piezoelectric layer.

Abstract: A method for producing a spark plug, the spark plug including: a center electrode; an insulator which holds the center electrode therein in a state where a tip end portion of the center electrode protrudes therefrom; a metal shell which holds the insulator therein; a ground electrode which is fixed to the metal shell, the ground electrode having an inner side face having a width that is smaller as it advances toward a tip end side, in a portion of the inner side face positioned between a pair of tapered faces; and a discharge portion which is bonded to the inner side face of the ground electrode by laser welding so as to attain a diameter of 0.8 mm or less and a height of 0.5 mm or more, a discharge gap being formed between the discharge portion and the tip end portion of said center electrode, the method including: forming the tapered faces before the discharge portion is laser-welded to the inner side face.

Abstract: Provided is an electron-emitting device with high electron emission efficiency and with stable electron emission characteristics over a long period. The electron-emitting device has a substrate, first and second carbon films laid with a first gap in between on the surface of the substrate, and first and second electrodes electrically connected to the first carbon film and to the second carbon film, respectively. In the electron-emitting device, a narrowest gap portion between the first carbon film and the second carbon film in the first gap is located above a surface of the substrate and the substrate has a depressed portion, at least, in the first gap.

Abstract: A front substrate is provided which has a phosphor screen including a phosphor layer and a black light-blocking layer, a metal back layer which is laid over the phosphor screen and is composed of a plurality of strip-shaped divisional electrodes, a getter layer which is laid over the metal back layer, and a dividing layer which electrically divides the getter layer over the black light-blocking layer. The dividing layer has electrical conductivity.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a color cathode ray tube and more specifically to a color cathode ray tube in which mechanical stress due to internal pressure made by evacuation is decreased. According to an aspect of the present invention, a cathode ray tube includes a panel on inner surface of which a phosphor screen is formed, a funnel joined to the panel, and an electron gun generating electron beams wherein the panel satisfies a condition: CFT/SET?0.92 wherein CFT is thickness of central portion of the panel and SET is thickness of skirt portion of the panel.

Abstract: A vacuum vessel that includes a first and a second substrate facing each other and extending across both an active area and a non-active area surrounding the active area, a sealing member arranged at peripheries of the first and the second substrates and adapted to maintain a vacuum between the two substrates, a plurality of wall type spacers arranged between the first and the second substrates while extending across the active area and a plurality of spacer supports arranged in the non-active area between the first and the second substrates, the plurality of spacer supports including a plurality of grooves adapted to receive the ends of respective ones of the plurality of wall type spacers, each spacer support having a height identical to or greater than a height of the plurality of wall type spacers.

Abstract: The present invention prevents a phenomenon that some electrons emitted from electron sources are charged to partition walls from influencing trajectories of the electrons thus preventing the shortage of excitation of phosphor layers. An image display device includes electron sources to which an electric current is supplied from scanning signal lines by way of current supply electrodes. The image display device also includes partition walls which are arranged on at least some of the scanning signal lines. Further, the current supply electrodes are connected with the electron sources on a downstream side of the scanning signal lines.

Abstract: According to the invention, an insulating or semi-insulating barrier layer which has a thickness where a tunnel current can flow through is provided between a hole injection electrode and an organic compound layer with hole transport characteristics (a hole injection layer or a hole transport layer). Specifically, a thin insulating or semi-insulating barrier layer which contains silicon or silicon oxide; silicon or silicon oxide and a light transmitting conductive oxide material; or silicon or silicon oxide, a light transmitting conductive oxide material, and carbon may be provided between a light transmitting conductive oxide film formed of a light transmitting conductive oxide material, such as ITO and a hole injection layer containing an organic compound.

Abstract: Physical barriers (210) are present between neighbouring pixels (200) on a circuit substrate (100) of an active-matrix electroluminescent display device, particularly with LEDs (25) of organic semiconductor materials. In order to reduce parasitic capacitance in the circuit substrate, the invention forms these barriers (210) with metal or other electrically conductive material (240) that provides at least part of the signal lines (160) at a higher level than the circuit substrate (100). This conductive barrier material (240) is connected to the matrix circuitry within the substrate (100) but is insulated (40) at least at the sides adjacent to the LEDs (25). Preferably, an inter-capacitance guard line (9) is included in the circuit substrate (100) between the signal lines (160) and the circuitry in the substrate (100).

Abstract: An organic electroluminescence device of the present invention adapts a new concept in its configuration to improve its efficiency in addition to obtain a high reliability and good yielding. The organic electroluminescent device having an electroluminescent film containing an organic material capable of causing an electroluminescence and being arranged between a first electrode and a second electrode, includes: a carrier generation layer, which is a floating electrode, is embodied in the electroluminescent film; an insulting film between the first electrode and the electroluminescent film, and an insulating film between the second electrode and the electroluminescent film, wherein the organic electroluminescent device is driven by an alternating current bias.