Abstract: A digital-to-analog converter (DA and the method thereof are disclosed. The DAC receives a digital signal with (M+N) bits, and a reference voltage unit sequentially outputs 2M+N reference voltages through the 2N output terminals thereof according to at least N timing signals. Afterwards, a control unit outputs at least a reference voltage to a decoding unit according to the above-mentioned N timing signals and the N bits of the digital signal. In the end, the decoding unit selects one of the signals produced by the control unit as the analog signal for output according to the M bits of the digital signal.

Abstract: A current sensing analog to digital converter (CS-ADC) is disclosed. The current sensing analog to digital converter comprises a modulator adapted to sense a change in current and generate an oversampled signal. The converter further includes a decimation filter system coupled to modulator for removing out of band noise from the signal and reduce the data rate to achieve a high resolution signal. A current sensing analog to digital converter (CS-ADC) is disclosed that samples the charge or discharge current flowing through an external sense resistor RSENSE. The sample from the RSENSE is processed by a delta-sigma modulator which generates an over sampled noise shaped signal. From this signal a decimation filter system removes the out-of band noise and reduces the data rate to achieve a high-resolution signal. The CS-ADC also provides regular current detection. The regular current detection compares the data from conversion against charge/discharge threshold levels specified by the user.

Abstract: For testing an A/D converter circuit including a pulse delay circuit constituted by a plurality of cascade-connected delay units, and an encoding circuit configured to count the number of the delay units through which the input pulse signal passes within a predetermined measuring time and to output a digital signal representing the counted number, the method includes the steps of setting the A/D converter circuit in a test mode where the measuring time is set at a short test-use sampling period, applying the input pulse signal to each of serial delay blocks each of which is constituted by a predetermined number of the delay units, and determining good and bad of the A/D converter circuit on the basis of digital signals outputted from the encoding circuit representing the numbers of the delay units through which the input pulse signal has passed within each of the serial delay blocks.

Abstract: A delay line, an analog-to-digital converting device and a load-sensing circuit using the same are provided. The delay line comprises a delay-control terminal, a reset terminal, and n delay cells DCELLx (0<x?n). The delay cells DCELL1˜DCELLn are connected in series to each other. Each of the delay cells DCELLx is coupled to the delay-control terminal and the reset terminal for transmitting the first level stage by stage between the delay cells according to a delay time decided by the delay-control terminal in a sensing period. The outputs of all delay cells are reset to the second level when the sensing period is finished. The sensing period is decided by the signal from the reset terminal. Wherein, at least an output terminal ty (0<y?n) of a delay cell DCELLy among the delay cells DCELL1˜DCELLn used as output terminal of the delay line.

Abstract: An asynchronous counter that is capable of switching count mode includes flip-flops, and three-input single-output tri-value switches respectively provided between the adjacent pairs of the flip-flops. The tri-value switches switch among three values, namely, non-inverting outputs and inverting outputs of the flip-flops and a power supply level. Each of the tri-value switches switch among the three input signals according to two-bit control signals, and input a selected signal to a clock terminal of a subsequent flip-flop. When count mode is switched according to the control signals, a count value immediately before the mode switching is set as an initial value, and counting after the mode switching is started from the initial value.

Abstract: A weather radar system or method can be utilized to determine potential weather hazard for an aircraft in a terminal area. The weather radar system can utilize processing electronics coupled to an antenna. The processing electronics can determine presence of the potential in response to data related to returns received by the weather radar antenna. The data can include a mean velocity parameter or a spectral width parameter or reflectivity.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for use in determining the range in a single time sample from a platform to a target are disclosed. The method includes receiving radiation emanating from the target at two points on the platform in a common time sample; detecting the received radiation and generating a signal representative thereof; and processing the signal. The signal is processed to determine a respective angle to target from two points on the platform by using a correlation between received signal amplitude and respective angle; and determine the range from the platform to the target from the respective angles and the separation distance between said two points in a single signal-to-noise sufficient sample. The apparatus includes a plurality of optical channels through which the apparatus can receive radiation emanating from the target, the optical channels and a plurality of electronics.

Abstract: A system and method for passively estimating range and angle of a source are disclosed. The source may be any wave source including radio-frequency (RF), optical, acoustic or seismic sources. In some RF embodiments, the system includes a single aperture antenna to simultaneously receive RF signals from the RF source through a plurality of sub-apertures, and a signal processor to perform a proximity test using samples simultaneously collected from the sub-apertures to determine whether or not to calculate angle and range estimates to the source based on either a curved wavefront assumption or a planar wavefront assumption.

Abstract: Provided is a RAM check unit capable of checking a RAM included in a radar system even when the radar system is in operation. An LSI instructs a high-frequency unit to output a radar-transmitted signal. When a radar-received signal is received from the high-frequency unit, calculation is performed based on the signal. The result of the calculation is transferred to a CPU. The CPU transmits a calculated distance to the outside. When a processing end sensing unit included in the LSI senses termination of radar-received signal processing, an RAM check unit initiates RAM check. When the RAM check is terminated, the high-frequency unit is instructed to output a radar-transmitted signal. Consequently, the RAM check is performed during a period between pieces of radar-received signal processing during which a load on the LSI is light. Thus, the RAM check can be performed even when the radar system is in operation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for calibrating the phase of a microwave source, in which: a calibration circuit is closed, the calibration circuit comprising an injection channel connected to a measurement channel via the source to be calibrated; a test signal is injected through the source to be calibrated, the test signal being injected on the injection channel, the phase ?m of the signal having passed through the source to be calibrated is measured, the phase of the signal being measured on the measurement channel, wherein: the amplitude Am of the signal having passed through the source to be calibrated is measured, the amplitude of the signal being measured on the measurement channel; The calibration circuit is opened at the source to be calibrated; the test signal is injected on the injection channel; the phase ?f and the amplitude Af of the signal present on the measurement channel is measured; a corrected phase value ?c is determined, this corrected phase being the phase of a complex number

Abstract: A positioning system or synthetic phase processor or rover station for providing high integrity positions with graduated accuracies. The positioning system includes one or more real time kinematic (RTK) reference stations for receiving GPS signals at established reference positions and measuring reference phases. The positioning system or the rover station selects a synthetic offset vector and uses the synthetic offset vector for inferring synthetic reference phases to a synthetic position. The rover station uses the synthetic reference phases with actual or virtual reference positions for determining a rover position having an added positional error controlled by the synthetic offset vector. For another embodiment a secure rover station dithers a secure position with a synthetic offset vector for providing an unsecure rover position having the added positional error.

Abstract: A positioning system that uses a positioning terminal, an information provision device, and a communication network. The information provision device is configured to perform position calculations for the positioning terminal only when the results of position calculations can be considered to be successful. Thus, a load on the information provision device can be reduced.

Abstract: A method and system for determining at least one attitude angle of a rigid body. The method comprising: receiving a plurality of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) satellite signals with a plurality of antennas; establishing at least one pair of antennas such that each antenna of the plurality of antennas is included in at least one antenna pair; computing single- or double-difference phases corresponding to one or more GNSS satellites for each of the pairs of antennas; and constructing a single Differential Carrier Phase Attitude (DCPA) equation based on known geometry constraints of each of the pairs of antennas. The method also includes determining a solution for the DCPA equation based on a cost function, the solution yielding at least one integer ambiguity value and the at least one attitude angle.

Abstract: A method and system of synchronizing multiple tracking devices in a geo-location receiver system comprising: receiving a first plurality of geo-location signals with a first tracking device; and receiving a second plurality of geo-location signals with a second tracking device. The method also includes: enabling the first tracking device as either a master tracking device or a master-with-mark tracking device; enabling the second tracking device to operate as a slave tracking device; the master tracking device generates and transmits a timing signal to the slave tracking device; and the master-with-mark tracking device is configured to receive an external input for synchronization and generates and transmits a timing signal to the slave tracking device. The method also includes acquiring the first plurality of geo-location signals and the second plurality of geo-location signals at a substantially simultaneous instant of time.

Abstract: A position for a beacon in a location system is determined based on distances measured from positions in a local coordinate system for the location system and from intersection points of circles. The circles each have a center point of one of the positions in the local coordinate system and a radius of one of the measured distances.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for resolving repeater location ambiguities in a CDMA network using a CDMA Time Pseudolite. The CDMA Time Pseudolite includes a CDMA receiver to receive a CDMA signal with an embedded CDMA timing, a baseband processor to extract the CDMA timing and to adjust the CDMA timing to derive a signal with GNSS-like timing; and a GNSS transmitter to generate a GNSS-like signal and to transmit the GNSS-like signal to a mobile station. In one embodiment, the CDMA Time Pseudolite is situated at or nearby a CDMA signal repeater so that a mobile station may unambiguously identify a received CDMA signal as being transmitted by a particular CDMA signal repeater and then using that received CDMA signal for position determination of the mobile station.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of signal analysis that determines the location of a transmitter and to devices that implement the method. The method includes receiving by at least three receivers, from a transmitter, a first continuous-time signal having a first channel. The first channel includes a first plurality of signal carriers having known relative initial phases and having known frequencies which are periodically spaced and which are orthogonal to one another within a first frequency range. The signal analysis method also includes determining the phase shifts of the carriers of the first channel resulting from the distance the carriers traveled in reaching the first receiver. Analysis of the phase shifts yields time difference of arrival information amongst the receivers, which is further processed to determine the location of the transmitter.

Abstract: A UWB printed antenna (1) printed on a substrate (10) includes a body (100a) for radiating and receiving electromagnetic signals, a signal feeding part (400) for inputting electromagnetic signals to or outputting electromagnetic signals from the body (100a), a first feeding part (200), a second feeding part (300), and a third feeding part (500). The first, second and third feeding parts are electronically connected to the signal feeding part for feeding electromagnetic signals to the body. A first body part (201), a first feeding end (202) and a second feeding end (203) of the first feeding part collectively form an “F” shape. A second body part (301), a third feeding end (302) and a fourth feeding end (303) of the second feeding part collectively form an inverted “F” shape. The third feeding part, a first radiating end (101a) and a second radiating end (102a) collectively form an “H” shape.

Abstract: A plasma device serves as an antenna, single or stacked plasma frequency selective surfaces, single or stacked plasma antenna arrays, plasma lamps, plasma limiters, plasma switch, plasma windows or plasma phase shifters. An electromagnetic wave signal is controlled to have a plasma frequency matched as nearly as possible to the frequency of incident electromagnetic signals for maximizing the antenna aperture and efficiency. Matching the frequencies permits the plasma device to have a physical size and shape substantially independent of the conventional optimal size and shape for a given transceived signal frequency. The plasma device plasma frequency is adjustable for tuning to different incident signal frequencies, thereby providing flexibility not available from conventional metal antennas.

Abstract: An antenna system mounted in a portable terminal has a main antenna for transmitting and receiving a radio wave signal, wherein the main antenna is contained in a body of the portable terminal in a first mode of the portable terminal and is pulled out from a body of the portable terminal in a second mode of the portable terminal; and a sub-antenna for performing diversity reception of a radio wave signal, wherein when a state of the main antenna is switched depending on whether the portable terminal is in the first mode or the second mode, constitution of the main antenna and constitution of the sub-antenna are varied so that directivities of the main antenna and the sub-antenna compensate each other. Typically, the main antenna is a whip antenna having a helical antenna and a linear antenna, and a sub-antenna element is provided.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for tuning an antenna module in a portable wireless terminal and built-in antenna module using the same. According to the method and built-in antenna module, the built-in antenna module is provided with a plate type radiator defining a slot with a predetermined width to form a pattern. The plate type radiator is provided with downwardly protruded feed and ground pins that are spaced apart, and at least one passive element having a predetermined value is connected to the radiator to optimally tune the antenna module. Therefore, various frequency response properties of the built-in antenna module can be attained by altering such a passive element as a variable design parameter without changing the radiator. Also, this construction can take the place of a matching circuit in a signal line, such that radiation performance can be increased without insertion loss.

Abstract: An inverted-F antenna (1) used in a portable electrical device formed in a metal patch and includes a radiating element (2), a grounding element (5), and an impedance matching element (3) with an impedance matching space (8). The impedance matching element (3) connects the radiating element (2) and the grounding element (5). A metal foil (7) locates in the impedance matching space and connects to the impedance matching element (3) for modulating impedance matching of the inverted-F antenna. A feeding line (4) includes an inner conductor (40) soldered with the impedance element (3) and a braiding layer (41) soldered with the grounding element (5).

Abstract: An energy density diversity antenna (EDA) has a least a pair of antenna elements, whose feeding points are connected to outputs of a hybrid coupler configured such that a sum and a difference signal may exist at the feed points of the antenna elements. First reactive elements are respectively inserted in the antenna elements proximal the respective feed points. The antenna elements are joined at a point distal from the feed points by a second reactive element, and a third reactive element is coupled between feed lines coupled to the feed points at a location between the feed points and the outputs of the hybrid coupler.

Abstract: Embodiments generally relate to an antenna. The antenna includes at least two slot radiators, where each slot radiator has an input port and a profile that has been defined to optimize the return loss bandwidth of the antenna. The antenna also includes a transmission line and a circuit configured to connect the transmission line and the at least two slot radiators at the respective input ports. The circuit is also configured to match the impedance of the at least two slot radiators and the co-planar waveguide.

Abstract: A log-periodic antenna having a layer of dielectric media interposed between a microstrip log-periodic portion and a slot log-periodic portion is described. Also described are antenna embodiments having a curvilinear, electrically conductive feed line and a substantially co-extensive curvilinear slot transmission line and additional embodiments including an array of two or more log-periodic antennas.

Abstract: A system and method for a wireless link to a remote receiver includes a communication device for generating RF and a planar antenna apparatus for transmitting the RF. The planar antenna apparatus includes selectable antenna elements, each of which has gain and a directional radiation pattern. The directional radiation pattern is substantially in the plane of the antenna apparatus. Switching different antenna elements results in a configurable radiation pattern. Alternatively, selecting all or substantially all elements results in an omnidirectional radiation pattern. One or more directors and/or one or more reflectors may be included to constrict the directional radiation pattern. The antenna apparatus may be conformally mounted to a housing containing the communication device and the antenna apparatus.

Abstract: A radiator includes two radiating elements having a shape symmetrical with respect to an axis, and a transmission line portion connecting the tip end portions of these two radiating elements to each other. The radiating element has at least part of outer shape formed such that its distance from the axis increases with increasing distance from a midpoint of a line segment joining feed points to each other along the axis. Two radiator having such a shape are arranged along the receiving direction of electric waves and are fed with a phase difference, thereby realizing a miniaturized high-performance antenna apparatus.

Abstract: An antenna is provided which includes a primary folded dipole element and a feed for the primary folded dipole element. The primary folded dipole element is operable to resonate at a first frequency range. A parasitic dipole element is located within the primary folded dipole element and is spaced therefrom. The parasitic dipole element is operable to resonate at a frequency range that is higher than the first frequency range. Additional parasitic dipole elements may be located within the primary folded dipole element and spaced therefrom to resonate at different frequency ranges.

Abstract: Systems and methods for a wireless communication device having a switched multi-beam antenna and methods for manufacturing the same are described. One system and method includes a plurality of antenna of elements. Groups of the antenna elements cooperate to form active one or more antenna elements while other groups of the antenna elements cooperate to form a reflector for the active antenna elements. This creates a directed transmission or direction of positive gain for the antenna system. The same group of antenna elements can be switched so that other antenna elements cooperate to form the active element while another group forms a reflector for the active elements thereby providing a different direction of positive gain. The system can be used for various wireless communication protocols and at various frequency ranges.

Abstract: Range limited antenna includes first and second pair of antenna elements, and an RF signal processing network connected to both pair of antenna elements. The network has a function, F(?,x)??A(x)??B(x), where x is a signal, ?A(x) is the phase angle of signal x at the first element pair, ?B(x) is the phase angle of signal x at the second element pair, and ? contains all additional parameters which bear on the system. The network is configured to pass a signal for which F(?,x)>?, where ? is a threshold amount, such that the antenna has gain to signals within a radius and has attenuation outside the radius.

Abstract: An antenna element is disclosed, having a ground plane (106), a helix (104) disposed above the ground plane (106), the helix (104) being connectable to a communications apparatus at a helix end (214) located near the ground plane (106), and a spiral (102) substantially centred on the axis (100) of the helix (104) the spiral (102) having an outer end thereof connected to the other helix end, said spiral (102) thereby terminating the antenna.

Abstract: A dielectric resonator antenna is a dielectric resonator mounted on a feed-in/feed-out component. The dielectric resonator is a rectangular parallelepiped made of a dielectric, and has a caved well passing through from the top surface to the bottom surface thereof. The feed-in/feed-out component includes a dielectric substrate, a ground metal layer and a strip metal layer coated on the top surface and the bottom surface, respectively, of the dielectric substrate. An etched part is provided on the ground metal layer. Wherein, the dielectric resonator with the caved well is mounted on the ground metal layer of the feed-in/feed-out component.

Abstract: It is an object of the invention to provide a display unit consisting of a plurality of display devices which are substantially equivalently disposed at an appropriate interval optically or as seen from the side of the observer, even when the plurality of display devices are not disposed at the appropriate interval due to some technical restrictions. A display unit is provided with a plurality of display devices disposed one after the other on the line of sight of the observer; and an optical distance setting device, which is disposed between two adjacent display devices among the plurality of display devices, for setting the optical distance between the two display devices to a predetermined value that is different from the optical distance when the air is filled between the two display devices.

Abstract: An information processing apparatus comprises a first display device which displays a pointer, a second display device which displays a virtual screen including a screen of the first display device, and a display controller which moves the pointer to a pointed position in the virtual screen of the second display device.

Abstract: A system for correcting the intensities of pixels supplied to a projector. An image generated by the projector has a number of regions formed by the overlapping of the image with one or more other images generated by one or more other projectors. The system includes: a first unit configured to generate a horizontal scaling value; a second unit configured to generate a vertical scaling value; a first multiplier configured to multiply the horizontal scaling value and the vertical scaling value to obtain a scaling coefficient, and a set of one or more additional multipliers configured to multiply components of an input pixel by the scaling coefficient to determine components for an output pixel. The first unit and second unit compute their respective scaling values in a way that allows for regions whose boundaries non-aligned in the vertical direction.

Abstract: The invention is a rearview video-output device with a cover, a transparent plate mounted into the cover with at least one video output device and at least one audio output device located within the cover. A cable provides a means for inputting at least one video signal, at least one audio signal and electric power. A means for attaching the cover to the center rearview mirror is provided. A sheet is located behind the transparent plate and within the cover. The sheet enhances the reflectivity of the transparent plate by providing a uniform background color and texture. The sheet is sized to permit pass through installation of each video output device. The device does not limit video clarity and brightness. The abstract is submitted with the understanding that it will not be used to interpret or limit the scope or meaning of the claims.

Abstract: A system and/or method for controlling a display array without the use of row and column drivers. The display elements within the system are configured to maintain an active address signal in response to a received signal containing serially encoded display settings. Each display element is loaded with an address of where it is located within the array. The display elements then extract the display information from the signal upon matching the address, wherein they output the correct display setting for their position within the array. An optical programming method is described for setting the address of the display elements in-situ.

Abstract: The present invention provides a circuit for driving a flat panel display, including a storage capacitor, a transmission gate and a current-limiting transistor. A first terminal of the storage capacitor is coupled to a system voltage, and a second terminal of the storage capacitor is at storage voltage. A first input/output terminal of the transmission gate is coupled to the storage voltage, and the second input/output terminal of the transmission gate is coupled to the data current source. A first gate terminal of the transmission gate is coupled to the first signal; a second gate terminal of the transmission gate is coupled to the second signal. A gate terminal of the current-limiting transistor is coupled to the storage voltage, wherein a first source/drain terminal is coupled to the system voltage, and a second source/drain terminal provides current for driving the flat panel display.

Abstract: A driving circuit for a liquid crystal display. The liquid crystal display panel includes a plurality of light emitting elements and display cells. The display cells are respectively connected to a plurality of data electrodes and gate electrodes. A gate driver outputs scan signals to the gate electrodes. A data driver outputs the video signals to the data electrodes according to the image control signal, and a voltage controlling signal corresponding to a brightness adjustment signal. A driving voltage generator outputs a driving voltage to the light emitting elements according to the voltage controlling signal.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device having first and second substrates with a liquid crystal layer therebetween, a plurality of scanning signal lines and a plurality of video signal lines formed on the first substrate, and a plurality of thin film transistors formed proximate to a crossing point of the scanning signal lines and video signal lines. A light shielding layer is formed on the second substrate and overlapped with at least one of the thin film transistors and with at least one signal line of the scanning signal lines and the video signal lines in plane view. The light shielding layer has an aperture region which is formed proximate to the at least one thin film transistor and formed within the at least one signal line in plane view.

Abstract: A method and device for repairing defective pixels of a liquid crystal display panel. First, examine the liquid crystal panel to obtain the locations of defective pixels on a liquid crystal display. Next, input a pixel signal wherein the pixel signal further comprises a pixel brightness signal used to control a pixel with a first brightness according to the pixel signal. When the pixel signal is used to be inputted to the defective pixel, the pixel brightness signal of the pixel signal will be replaced by a default brightness signal wherein the default brightness signal controls the pixel with a second brightness. Of which, the second brightness, whose level of brightness is of complete darkness for instance, is dimmer than the first brightness. At last, output pixel signals.

Abstract: A method for operating a display having a plurality of pixel elements includes applying a transition voltage to the plurality of pixel elements, applying a first paint voltage to one pixel element of the plurality pixel elements, waiting a predetermined time period, illuminating the one pixel element, applying the transition voltage to the plurality of pixel elements, applying a second paint voltage to the one pixel element elements, waiting the predetermined time period, and illuminating the one pixel element. The transition voltage is different from the first paint voltage applied to the one pixel element.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device capable of improving display quality by enabling proper execution of receipt and acceptance of image signals through compensation for variation in duty ratios of clock signals as input to liquid crystal driver circuitry, is provided.

Abstract: A clock signal amplifying method and driving stage for LCD driving circuit is provided. The driving stage includes a clock input, a level shifter, and an output buffer. Firstly, the clock input receives a cock signal oscillating between a high original level and a low original level. Thereafter, a level shifter is biased at a high target level and a low target level, and amplifies the clock signal to a relay signal, which oscillates between a high relay level and a low relay level. Lastly, the output buffer is biased at the high relay level and the low relay level for amplifying the relay signal to a target signal, which oscillates between the high target level and the low target level.

Abstract: A low-power-consumption source driver for a liquid crystal display is provided. More than one middle voltage level for the level shifter and the output buffer is provided, in addition to the power supply voltage level VDD and the ground level GND, to provide different voltage levels for image data of different polarities. Hence, amplitude of the operational voltage of the level shifters and the analog circuits with different polarities can be reduced. It also can reduce the amplitude of the operational voltage of the level shifter and can reduce significantly the dynamic power consumption of the level shifter and the DAC. Because the voltage amplitude of the circuit is reduced and a low-voltage tolerated device can be used, so that the present invention can further reduce the cost of the circuit.

Abstract: A shift-register circuit. The shift-register circuit has a plurality of shift-register units connected in series. Each of the shift-register units generates first and second pulse signals, wherein the first pulse signal is an output signal of the shift-register circuit and the second pulse signal is a trigger signal of a subsequent shift-register unit. A LCD panel driving circuit using the shift-register circuit is also disclosed.

Abstract: A data driver for organic light emitting diode display is disclosed. A pixel data of K bits is divided into an N bits data and an M bits data. A number of N bits data are processed by a number of main digital-to-analog current converters and a number of main voltage storing current copier/current mirror so as to generate a number of main regenerating currents. Besides, a number of M bits data are processed by a number of secondary digital-to-analog current converters and a number of secondary voltage storing current copier/current mirror so as to generate a number of secondary regenerating currents. The brightness of the pixel is related to the sum of the corresponding main regenerating current and the corresponding secondary regenerating current. The invention can reduce the error resulted from the component variation of digital-to-analog converters.

Abstract: A ferroelectric liquid crystal display and a fabricating method thereof that is capable of improving light efficiency by preventing light efficiency deterioration due to the low voltage holding ratio of a ferroelectric liquid crystal. The ferroelectric liquid crystal display supplies red, green and blue data signals to each of the liquid crystal cells and is in a stand-by state during a responding period of liquid crystal, and then sequentially generates red, green and blue lights corresponding to each of the red, green and blue data signals. With this configuration, deterioration in brightness due to the low voltage holding ratio of the ferroelectric liquid crystal can be prevented and the light efficiency can be increased.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods according to embodiments of the present invention can control an inverter pulse width modulation (PWM) frequency of a liquid crystal display (LCD) in a portable computer or the like. Noise and/or interference caused by a system environment can be detected and one of a plurality of LCD frame frequencies can be selected responsive to the system environment. Interference between a PWM frequency of an inverter can be reduced or prevented by identifying a desired PWM frequency of the inverter adapted to control a brightness of the LCD based on the selected LCD frame frequency or the like, and driving the LCD using the same.

Abstract: An electrophoretic display and a method of manufacturing the electrophoretic display are provided. The electrophoretic display includes an lower electrode formed on an under layer, an lower electrode protection layer formed on the lower electrode, an insulating template formed on the lower electrode protection layer and having a plurality of holes of smaller size than the wavelength of visible rays region, a dielectric fluid filling the holes and having a color, a plurality of charged particles suspended in the dielectric fluid filling each of the plurality of holes having a color different from the color of the dielectric fluid, and an upper electrode formed on the insulating template in sequential order. Accordingly, a problem of agglomeration of the charged particles can be solved by the insulating template having holes of smaller size than the wavelength of visible rays region, and thus a reliable electrophoretic display emitting light of one color or natural colors is achieved.