Abstract: A variable valve timing control apparatus employs a five-blade vane member fixedly connected to a camshaft end and rotatably disposed in a phase-converter housing formed integral with a sprocket driven by an engine crankshaft. Five phase-retard chambers and five phase-advance chambers are defined by five blades of the vane member and the housing, for creating a phase change of the vane member relative to the housing. A circumferential width of each of a first pair of blades, located on both sides of a first blade having a maximum circumferential width, is dimensioned to be less than a circumferential width of each of a second pair of blades, circumferentially spaced apart from the first blade rather than the first pair. The circumferential width of each of the second pair of blades is dimensioned to be less than the maximum circumferential width of the first blade.

Abstract: A lift-variable valve-operating system for an engine, includes a subsidiary cam swingably carried on a movable support shaft. A cam follower is operatively connected to an engine valve and follows the subsidiary cam. The lift amount of the engine valve is varied by displacing the movable support shaft. The subsidiary cam has an oil sump provided in an upper surface and opens upwards to store oil. The subsidiary cam is provided with an abutment face abutting against the cam follower. The abutment face includes a lift portion for turnably driving the cam follower; and a base circle portion connected to the lift portion and which retains the cam follower in a rest state. The subsidiary cam is also provided with a lubricating oil bore for guiding the oil in the oil sump to the base circle portion.

Abstract: A valve opening and closing timing control device includes a phase control unit having a drive side rotation member for rotating in synchronization with a crankshaft of an internal combustion engine, a driven side rotation member provided coaxially with the drive side rotation member for rotating in synchronization with a camshaft of the engine and a phase control mechanism for controlling a relative rotational phase between the drive side member and the driven side member by being supplied with an operation fluid. The phase control unit is provided at each set of camshafts of the internal combustion engine having plurality sets of camshafts.

Abstract: The apparatus of the present invention provides a lash adjuster feed channel for an engine assembly. The engine assembly includes first and second sets of hydraulic lash adjusters responsive to a variation in hydraulic fluid pressure to cause a variation in lift of first and second sets of engine valves respectively operatively connected thereto. The cylinder head defines a first feed passage in fluid communication with the first set of hydraulic lash adjusters, and a second feed passage in fluid communication with the second set of hydraulic lash adjusters. The valve lift of the first set of engine valves is independently variable by controlling the transfer of hydraulic pressure in the first feed passage, and the valve lift of the second set of engine valves is independently variable by controlling the transfer of hydraulic pressure in the second feed passage. A corresponding method is also provided.

Abstract: An engine start control system for a vehicle includes a first switch with which a user operates to start the engine, a second switch, a third switch, a brake switch and an engine start control unit for controlling start of the engine. The engine start control unit provides a normal mode that allows to start the engine when the first switch is operated if the brake switch detects operation of the brake pedal and a failsafe mode that allows to start the engine when at least two of the first, second and third switches are operated even if the brake switch does not detect operation of the brake pedal.

Abstract: A pressure reducing system and method for an internal combustion engine. The system includes an intake manifold and an evacuation subsystem. The intake manifold is associated with the internal combustion engine. The evacuation subsystem is selectively fluidly coupled to the intake manifold. The evacuation subsystem is operative to reduce pressure in the intake manifold during start-up of the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: A resin intake manifold is provided with two separated bodies manufactured by connecting protrusions of weld portions of the separated bodies to each other in accordance with a vibration welding, and a cover wall in which one of the weld portions is arranged in an inner side or an outer side of the protrusion with leaving space with the protrusion.

Abstract: A system to reduce rotational speed variations of a crankshaft includes a controller, a braking device, and a control module. The controller deactivates at least one cylinder in an internal combustion engine. The braking device applies a braking torque to the crankshaft when at least one cylinder is deactivated. The control module determines whether the controller has deactivated at least one cylinder and selectively synchronizes the braking torque with a crankshaft rotational speed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a balancing shaft unit for piston machines, in particular internal combustion engines, for installation in a housing with non-divided bearing seats. Said shaft unit consists of at least one balancing shaft, which is configured as one piece with its balancing weight or weights. To allow the shaft unit to be installed in a non-divided housing without any restrictions being placed on its bearing, at least one bearing of the balancing shaft is formed by a narrowing of the balancing shaft that acts as a bearing journal and by a sub-divided bearing ring that is fixed to the housing, whose external diameter is greater than the external diameter of the balancing weight or weights.

Abstract: A piston for an internal-combustion engine includes a through-hole communicating with the inner space of the piston formed in an oil-ring groove into which an oil ring is fitted and a through-hole connected with a second-ring groove, the through-hole having an opening spreading from the lower portion of the bottom of the second-ring groove in a top-to-bottom direction of the piston to the lower surface of the second-ring groove and linearly extending to the inner space of the piston; and a combination of the piston and piston rings of the three-ring type for an internal-combustion engine, the end gaps of compression rings among the piston rings being set in a predetermined range.

Abstract: A bearing has an inner race that has separable inner sections. The inner race has an inner male protrusion and an inner female receptacle, and each inner male protrusion is mated with one of the inner female receptacles to form a unitary inner race. The bearing further has an outer race that has separable outer sections,. The outer race has an outer male protrusion and an outer female receptacle, and each outer male protrusion is mated with one of the outer female receptacles to form a unitary outer race. Further, the bearing has a plurality of rollers situated within a channel formed by engaging the inner race and the outer race.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine system having an internal combustion engine, a fuel source, a fuel filter for filtering fuel from the source to the engine, and a fuel pressure switch disposed between the fuel filter and the fuel source. An additional sensor is provided for sensing a condition of a substance fed to the engine. An output device is connected to both the fuel pressure switch and the additional sensor for indicating when either the fuel pressure switch indicates an improper fuel pressure condition or the additional sensor indicates the sensed condition is an unwanted condition.

Abstract: An engine cover for a vehicle includes a frame extending generally about the perimeter of the cover and adapted for mounting to an engine of the vehicle, and a skin extending across and secured to the frame. In one embodiment, the frame is made of a moulded plastic material and the skin is a stamped metal, such as aluminum. In another embodiment, the skin comprises multiple sections each secured to the frame so that one or more sections may be modified to alter the appearance of the cover and/or location of service items, such as an oil fill cap or dip stick for different applications while minimizing the number of components that need modification. A method for covering an engine according to the present invention includes securing at least one engine cover skin to an engine cover frame and securing the frame to an engine.

Abstract: A filter element comprising a spirally wound filter through which a fluid to be filtered flows axially and which is provided with a mounting ring on the circumference of the wound filter secured to the wound filter by a welded, adhesive, extruded or fused joint. The mounting ring is provided with a circumferential profiled seal which engages a housing in which the filter element is installed to provide a seal between an unfiltered fluid side of the filter element and a filtered fluid side of the filter element.

Abstract: A piston (120) and method for making a piston (120) for a fuel-injected diesel engine adapted to withstand the damaging effects of fuel injection plume-induced oxidation in the regions of the piston bowl (134) and rim (130). The surfaces of the piston crown (126) targeted by the fuel injection plume (138) are first coated with a corrosion-resistant and oxidation-resistant composition applied as a slurry or by a thermal spraying technique, such as HVOF or plasma spraying. Thereafter, a high energy industrial laser beam irradiates the as-sprayed coating to increase its density, while simultaneously reforming its microstructure so as to fuse, alloy, and materially bond the coating material with the underlying steel substrate, thereby resulting in a durable protective surface for the steel piston crown (126).

Abstract: In an internal combustion engine comprising at least one cylinder including a combustion chamber formed between a piston and a cylinder head including inlet and exhaust ports, an outwardly opening injection nozzle for injecting fuel in the form of a hollow cone into the combustion chamber and a spark plug mounted in the cylinder head, the spark plug is positioned at a distance B from the exhaust port axis and the cylinder bore having a diameter D such that the ratio B/D is between 0.02 and 0.13, in particular between 0.04 and 0.1.

Abstract: In an internal combustion engine having at least one cylinder with a combustion chamber formed between a piston and a cylinder head, at least one inlet duct and at least one outlet duct formed in the cylinder head, a fuel injector arranged in the cylinder head so as to project into the combustion chamber and having an outwardly opening injection nozzle through which fuel in the form of a hollow cone is injected into the combustion chamber and a spark plug arranged in the combustion chamber in such a way that, during the injection of fuel, the electrodes of the spark plug are outside the injected hollow cone of fuel, the spark plug and the fuel injector are positioned in such a way that a first distance (c) is provided between an injector axis and a free end section of the central electrode of the spark plug, and the cylinder bore has a diameter (D), with a ratio (C/D) of the first distance (C) and a bore diameter (D) being in a range of 0.1 to 0.19, in particular 0.13 to 0.17.

Abstract: In an internal combustion engine with at least one cylinder in which a combustion space is delimited between a piston and a cylinder head, with a fuel injector having an outwardly opening injection nozzle arranged in the combustion space for injecting fuel in the form of a hollow cone into the combustion space, and a spark plug mounted in the cylinder head and having electrodes arranged outside the hollow fuel cone generated by the injection nozzle, into which the electrodes of the spark plug project, the cylinder has a bore diameter (D) dimensioned such that, at an ignition time point of the internal combustion engine, a ratio dmR/D of the mean diameter (dmR) of the fuel boundary vortex (10) to the cylinder bore diameter (D) is in a range of 0.08 to 0.2, in particular of 0.1 to 0.12.

Abstract: In an internal combustion engine having at least one cylinder in which a combustion chamber is delimited between a piston and a cylinder head which includes at least one intake duct, at least one exhaust duct, a fuel injector arranged in the cylinder head and having outwardly opening injection nozzle through which fuel is injected into the combustion chamber in the form of a hollow cone, and a spark plug arranged in the combustion chamber (4) in such that the electrodes of the spark plug (7) are situated outside the injected hollow fuel cone formed during fuel injection, the fuel injector is positioned in the cylinder head in such a way that a first spacing (E) is provided between a fuel outlet opening and an intake passage axis, and the cylinder bore having a diameter (D), wherein a first ratio (E/D) is provided in a range from 0.15 to 0.22.

Abstract: The present invention has an object of providing a technology capable of stopping and starting an internal combustion engine more preferably by restraining vibrations when the internal combustion engine stops and a scatter in crank angle when the internal combustion engine stops. For a period till an actual stop of the internal combustion engine since a stopping condition of the internal combustion engine was established, an air quantity of air flowing into a cylinder of the internal combustion engine is decreased when a number of revolutions of the engine is higher than a specified number of revolutions (S102) and is increased when the number of revolutions of the engine is equal to or lower than the specified number of revolutions (S106).

Abstract: An engine torque control system for balancing torque output across cylinders of an internal combustion engine includes a first module that determines a derivative term for each cylinder of the engine based on rotation of a crankshaft. A second module determines a torque correction for a first cylinder based on an average derivative term associated with the first cylinder. The second module adjusts a torque output of the first cylinder based on the torque correction and adjusts a torque output of a second cylinder based on the torque correction.

Abstract: A method for adjusting the rotational angle position of the camshaft (3) of a reciprocating piston internal combustion engine relative to the crankshaft (5) is provided. The crankshaft (5) is drivingly connected to the camshaft (3) via an adjusting drive (1), which is embodied as a triple-shaft gear mechanism, having a crankshaft-fixed drive shaft, a camshaft-fixed output shaft, and an adjustment shaft drivingly connected to an electric motor (4). A stop element is connected to the drive shaft and a counter-stop element is connected to the camshaft (3). The crankshaft rotational angle measuring signal and a position signal for the rotational angle of the adjusting shaft are detected during the starting step of the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: An engine controller comprises a combustion state detection or estimation means for detecting or estimating a combustion state in the combustion chamber, a combustion air-fuel ratio estimation means for estimating a combustion air-fuel ratio in the combustion chamber according to an exhaust air-fuel ratio and the detected or estimated combustion state, and a means for calculating engine control parameters according to the estimated combustion air-fuel ratio.

Abstract: A method and article of manufacture are provided to operate a spray-guided, spark-ignition, direct fuel injection engine, including injecting a first fuel pulse during a combustion cycle, and initiating spark ignition by energizing a spark igniter. A second fuel pulse is injected during the combustion cycle effective to form an ignitable fuel-air mixture proximal to the spark igniter during a period in time whereat the spark igniter is energized. A preferred elapsed time between an end of the first fuel pulse and start of the spark ignition is determined based upon engine load.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for manufacturing a fuel injector for an internal combustion engine that has a control valve, which opens or closes an outlet throttle from a control chamber and in which a closing element is moved into a valve seat in order to close the outlet throttle. The valve seat is produced by punch-forming using a forming punch. The invention also relates to a fuel injector that is manufactured in accordance with this method.

Abstract: The engine ECU executes a program including the step of detecting an engine coolant temperature, the step of detecting an engine speed and an engine load, the step of estimating a temperature at a tip end of an in-cylinder injector based on the engine coolant temperature, the engine speed and the engine load, and, when the temperature at the tip end is greater than a guaranteed temperature, the step of calculating a drive duty of a high-pressure fuel pump that ensures a decrease of the temperature at the tip end of the in-cylinder injector to the guaranteed temperature, and the step of controlling the high-pressure fuel pump using the drive duty.

Abstract: The engine ECU executes a program including the step of detecting an engine coolant temperature, the step of detecting an engine speed and an engine load, the step of estimating a temperature at a tip end of an in-cylinder injector based on the engine coolant temperature, the engine speed and the engine load, and, when the temperature at the tip end is greater than a guaranteed temperature, the step of calculating a drive duty of a high-pressure fuel pump that ensures a decrease of the temperature at the tip end of the in-cylinder injector to the guaranteed temperature, and the step of controlling the high-pressure fuel pump using the drive duty.

Abstract: A fuel injection system providing both fuel injection devices (5) and methods of fuel injection for internal combustion engines (1) in which a piezoelectric material (29) generates a current discharged to ignite fuel (8) delivered into the engine combustion chamber (2).

Abstract: A linear internal combustion engine is disclosed having a cylinder defining an intake port proximate a first end thereof and an exhaust port proximate a second end thereof. First and second pistons insert into opposite ends of the cylinder. Each piston is coupled to an actuator/generator, such as a linear switched reluctance motor. The actuator/generators are coupled to a control unit which controls the actuator/generators and extracts energy therefrom. The control unit causes the actuators to move the pistons through a fluid handling process, such as pumping, compression, or a four cycle combustion process coupled with a recovery phase. The pistons are positioned over the intake and output ports to seal them off at proper times during the fluid handling process.

Abstract: A fuel delivery system is disclosed which includes a purge device which comprises a compressor (30) which includes a tank (32) for supplying compressed air to a line (34) which is connected to a fuel line (24). The compressed air is supplied to a point between a fuel tank (22) and a pump (26) to push fuel back into the tank (22) or through the pump (26) then through an injector (20) and back through a return line (28) to the tank so that the fuel line is completely purged of fuel.

Abstract: An emissions control system is described for an internal combustion engine, having a vapor sorbent material within the fuel tank cap subjected to an active purge.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine is provided having a first and second bank of cylinder bores arranged in a generally V-shaped configuration. The internal combustion engine includes a first and second intake manifold each having a plenum and at least one intake runner. The first and second intake manifolds are mounted to the internal combustion engine in an outboard position. An inlet air duct communicates inlet air to each of the first and second intake manifolds. A first and second inlet air heater is disposed substantially adjacent to the respective plenums of the first and second intake manifold. The first and second inlet air heaters operate to selectively heat the inlet air prior to entering the respective plenums of the first and second intake manifold. The first and second inlet air heaters may include at least one of driver circuitry and diagnostic circuitry.

Abstract: An insulated engine shrouding encloses a combustion chamber and piston assembly. The engine shrouding includes air transfer ducts that channel air from a condenser, where the air is preheated, to intakes of air-to-air heat exchangers where the air is further heated. The heat exchangers direct the hot air to atomizer/igniter assemblies in a burner to generate combustion gases in the combustion chamber. The engine shrouding further includes return ducts that direct the combustion exhaust gases through an exhaust portion of the air-to-air heat exchangers. Heat from the exhaust gases is used to preheat the air being directed through the intakes.

Abstract: An engine after-cooling system 10 comprises an after-cooler 11 for cooling compressed air which is output from a compressor for combustion by an internal-combustion engine, a heat exchanger 19 for cooling a coolant which is output from the after-cooler 11, a pump 21 for continuously pumping the coolant through the system 10, an outlet air temperature sensor 27 for sensing the temperature of the compressed air after being cooled by the after-cooler 11, a coolant temperature sensor 17 for sensing the temperature of the coolant output from the after-cooler 11, and a controller 26 for controlling the flow-rate of coolant through the system 10 in response to the sensed air and coolant temperatures.

Abstract: A vehicle with an engine, especially a diesel engine, is provided and includes: an intake tract, via which air is supplied to the engine, an exhaust gas tract, via which exhaust gas emitted by the diesel engine is discharged towards an exhaust gas tailpipe and through the exhaust gas tailpipe to the environment, a branch-off valve, disposed in the exhaust gas tract and having an inlet, a first outlet, connected to the exhaust gas tailpipe, and a second outlet, connected to the intake tract. The branch-off valve has a first and second flap that are kinematically interconnected. The first flap is provided for at least partially closing the first outlet and the second flap is provided for at least partially closing the second outlet.

Abstract: A PCV device for recirculation of crankcase air has a structural member with a tubular, substantially linear internal flow passage characterized by a length and diameter with a ratio of length to diameter that attenuates noise and acts as a restrictive orifice to at least partially control flow volume therethrough. A PCV system for an engine includes a structural member as described above placed in fluid communication with a passage member to partially form a flow path between an interior portion of an engine crankcase and an air intake portion of the engine. The flow path has an absence of any flow restriction with a diameter smaller than the diameter of the structural member.

Abstract: A method and device for delivering a substance stored in a liquid phase and to be used in a gaseous phase is presented. The device includes an inlet configured attachable to a container with the liquid substance. A nozzle is in communication with the inlet and is thermally insulated from the liquid substance by an insulator which insulating the manifold from the cooling effect of the transition of the substance from a liquid phase to a gaseous phase thereby preventing icing in the nozzle and manifold.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the catalytic partial oxidation of a liquid hydrocarbonaceous fuel, comprising the following steps: a) mixing the hydrocarbonaceous fuel with a first amount of molecular oxygen to form a first mixture comprising fuel and molecular oxygen; b) evaporating the fuel by igniting the first mixture; c) mixing the evaporated fuel with a second amount of molecular oxygen to form a second mixture comprising fuel and molecular oxygen; and d) contacting the second mixture with a partial oxidation catalyst for conversion into a product gas comprising at least hydrogen, in which process the overall oxygen-to-carbon ratio is in the range of from 0.3 to 0.8 and the oxygen-to-carbon ratio in the first mixture is in the range of from 0.01 to 0.4.

Abstract: A crossbow includes a safety mechanism located on the stock of the crossbow that prevents the crossbow from firing until the safety mechanism is properly engaged. The safety mechanism includes a push button that requires the operator appendages to be securely below the path of the traveling bolt before the trigger mechanism will release.

Abstract: A magazine comprises a firing compartment, a spring system, a reservoir compartment, and a gate and is adapted for the semi-automatic loading of ammunition from the reservoir compartment into the firing compartment. The transfer of ammunition to the firing compartment is made possible when the gate is in the open position; alternatively, the gate serves as a wall to separate the two compartments while in the closed position.

Abstract: In a toy gun with a bullet-loading structure, a cylinder, a piston, a final gear, and a pull rod are mounted in a gun body. The piston and the pull rod are driven by the rotation of the final gear. An actuation time of the pull rod is later than that of the piston to enable the piston to suck a lot amount of gas before the loading of the bullet, thereby preventing a gun tunnel from being blocked by the raised bullet and providing the simulated recoil effect of real shooting so as to promote the shooting performance of the toy gun.

Abstract: A sawing yarn comprises an abrasive mixture which contains a bonding resin and an abrasive material, as well as a multifilament core made of fibers which are resistant to breaking. The fibers are arranged substantially parallel to one another and are enveloped by the abrasive mixture. The bonding resin contains no polytetrafluoroethylene, and the quantity of abrasive material in the mixture gradually decreases from the surface of the abrasive yarn inward. The yarn is suitable for cutting hard and brittle materials such as single-crystal silicon.

Abstract: The present invention provides a shelf 300 for a barbecue grill frame assembly 302 of a barbecue grill. The shelf 300 has a perimeter that is cooperatively dimensioned with the interior space of the barbecue grill frame assembly 302 such that the shelf 300 is positioned within the interior space. The securing member 308 secures the shelf 300 to the barbecue grill frame assembly 302 in a first position. The securing member 308 adjusts to a second position to detach the shelf 300 from the barbecue grill frame assembly 302.

Abstract: A system and method for protecting self-heating containers that include single-use chemical heaters during overtemperature occasions includes the automatic release into the heater of a suppressant composition in response to a design temperature being achieved. For protection against extreme temperature excursions, the system and method include generating steam to absorb heat and venting that steam.

Abstract: The invention relates to an extractor hood for kitchens characterised in that it can be installed on a cooker hob (1) on the surface (2) of the hob support unit. Said hood includes a flame shield element (3), containing a filter support (4), in which at least one anti-grease filter is contained. Said extractor hood can be installed on cooker hobs positioned against a wall, as well as on so-called island units. According to the invention, a glass panel (5) rises perpendicularly from said element and is conceived to conduct the fumes and vapours deriving from the food on the cooker hob into the element, and then into a specific discharge duct where they are drawn in by a specific extractor means (8).

Abstract: An oven rack assembly including full extension slides. Full extension slides are mounted to an oven rack and oven rack frames or wire racks providing full extension of an oven rack from an oven enclosure. The rack frame is mounted to oven walls or the slides are coupled to wire racks along oven slide walls.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to sublingual formulations containing fentanyl, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or derivative thereof, suitable for administration to a patient, and methods for treatment with the formulations.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is a mask for swimming or scuba diver which is provided with one or two lenses adapted at the centre of the mask.

Abstract: A nasal cushion (30) comprises a substantially triangularly frame (32) from which extends a membrane (34). The frame (32) has a scalloped edge (36) by which the cushion (30) is affixed to a mask body. The member (34) has an aperture (38) into which the wearer's nose is received. The membrane (34) is spaced away from the rim (40) of the frame (32), and its or surface (41) is of substantially the same shape as the rim (40). Respective notches (42,44) receive the bridge of the wearer's nose. The wearer's nose is received through the aperture (38) into the chamber within the mask body (46). The seal forming portion (45) thus contacts both the surface of the wearer's nose and a portion of the wearer's face in the region between the base of the nose and the upper lip, and around the sides and over the bridge of the nose. The shape of the seal forming portion (45) is particularly suited to effectively seal the difficult region of the facial contour that is the crease between the sides of the nose and the face.

Abstract: A patient vital sign monitoring device and method thereof is described. According to an embodiment of the present invention there is a portable, lightweight, and small device which verifies intubation and monitors respiratory gas in a patient. The device comprises an electronic monitoring device portion and a disposable airway adapter, the disposable airway adapter having an integral display for indicating presence or levels of respiratory gas. A method for respiratory gas monitoring according to an embodiment is provided comprising connecting a disposable airway adapter to a tube in a patient's body, the adapter having an integrally attached display portion for displaying information; releasably attaching an electronic monitoring device portion to said airway adapter; determining proper tube insertion by measuring the respiratory gas of said patient through the monitoring device, as displayed through said display portion; and releasing said monitoring device portion from said airway adapter.