Abstract: A vessel in the form of a flexible, pleated bag for receiving a paw, hoof or hand of an animal or person. The bag may contain a treatment agent and be manipulatable with the item in the bag. A membrane closes the open end of the bag and includes an insertion opening. A cloth for wiping the item is supported at the open end.

Abstract: A compliant carrying case is provided that includes an integrated rigid member for generally preventing the transmission of external loads therein. More specifically, a stiffened panel is associated with at least one side of the storage case so that the screen and/or buttons of the electronic device are isolated from outside loads.

Abstract: The pot comprises a body in which a cavity is formed with an upper opening and a lid, the lid and the body being fixed by a hinge. This pot is characterized in that: a) it comprises a closing means that can be activated by manual pressure, the closing means comprising an upper closing element fixed to the lid cooperating with a lower closing element fixed to the body, b) the lid comprises a seal, made of a material with elastic resilience, and c) the upper opening is surrounded by an upper rim that will cooperate with the seal when the pot is closed, such that the seal is compressed in a leak tight manner between the upper rim and the lid when the pot is closed.

Abstract: An air cushion is provided for protecting products during shipment, and is fabricated of two sheets of heat sealable thermoplastic material secured together at seams to define an inflatable tube and two product support panels extending across the inside of the tube. The inflatable tube may be rectangular or U-shaped. The product support panels provide a product placement area, including having an opening for receiving and holding a product between the product support panels. The product support panels may be seamed to provide multiple product placement areas or shaped placement product areas. The inflation tube may be provided with stacking height extension legs that fold to overlie or underlie the inflatable tube. The thermoplastic material may include a metallic layer for shielding products from electromagnetic radiation. The air cushion is used with a carton, which closely receives the inflatable tube with the product suspended and supported in the carton.

Abstract: A flexible storage package defined by a body having a first part, a second part, and a third, base part. At least one and preferably both of the first part and the second part have an interior volume for receiving and dispensing a product. Each of the first part and the second part is movable, in relation to the third part, from a first position to a second position. The first position can also be referred to as a “display” or “standing” position. The second position can also be referred to as a “use” position. When both of the parts are in the first position, the package has a generally triangular or tent-like configuration. The third part forms the base of the triangle or tent. When both of the parts are in the second position, the package has a generally flat or planar configuration.

Abstract: A container for packaging and displaying a product is provided. The container includes a continuous blank of sheet material having a first surface and an opposing second surface. The blank also includes a front panel, a first side panel, an opposing second side panel, a rear panel, a first bottom panel coupled between the front panel and the rear panel, and a second bottom panel extending from the front panel. At least one of the front panel, the first side panel, the second side panel and the rear panel includes a print screen on the first surface thereof. The blank forms the container having a front wall, a first side wall, an opposing second side wall, a bottom, and a display wall defining a compartment.

Abstract: A stable distillate fuel blend useful as a fuel or as a blending component of a fuel that is suitable for use in turbine engine, said fuel blend prepared from at least one highly paraffinic distillate fuel component having low to moderate branching and at least one conventional petroleum-derived distillate fuel component and a process for preparing same involving the blending of at least two components having antagonistic properties with respect to one another.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for producing light neutral base oil having a VI greater than 120 comprising the steps of contacting a hydrocarbonaceous feedstock with a catalyst comprising a low acidity, highly dealuminated ultrastable Y zeolite and a catalytic amount of hydrogenation component to produce a converted fraction and an unconverted fraction boiling above 700° F.; recovering at least a portion of the unconverted fraction; dewaxing at least a portion of the unconverted fraction; separating at least a portion of the dewaxed unconverted fraction into a least a first distillate fraction and a second distillate fraction, said first distillate fraction comprising a lubricating base oil having a viscosity of from about 3 cSt to about 6 cSt at 100° C. and said second distillate fraction having a viscosity of greater than about 6 cSt at 100° C.; and recovering at least a portion of the first distillate fraction.

Abstract: A hydrocracking process for converting a petroleum feedstock to higher gravity, lower sulfur products, especially ultra low sulfur road diesel fuel. The process may be operated as a single-stage or two-stage hydrocracking. In each case, a hydrocracking step is followed directly by a post-treat hydrodesulfurization zone using a bulk multimetallic catalyst comprised of at least one Group VIII non-noble metal and at least two Group VIB metals with a ratio of Group VIB metal to Group VIII non-noble metal is from about 10:1 to about 1:10. In the two-stage option with interstage ammonia removal, the initial hydrocracking step may be followed by hydrodesulfurization using the bulk multimetallic catalyst prior to the ammonia removal which is followed by the second hydrocracking step. A final hydrodesulfurization over the bulk multimetallic catalyst may follow. The hydrodesulfurization over the bulk multimetallic catalyst is carried out at a pressure of at least 25 barg and preferably at least 40 barg.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the production of olefins including ethylene, propylene and butenes from methyl mercaptan. The process comprises a reaction whereby methyl mercaptan decomposes to produce the olefin and hydrogen sulfide. The reaction is carried out at an elevated temperature in the range of 300° C. to 500° C. to achieve pyrolysis. Alternatively, a heterogeneous catalyst may be used.

Abstract: The present invention provides a screen for separating materials according to particle size. The screen has a body, a plurality of fingers, and a plurality of rods. The fingers may be integrally formed with the body. The rods are supported within the body and extend within the fingers to provide structural stability.

Abstract: A document feeder system (4) for use in a document sorting apparatus (1) is disclosed. The document feeder system (4) comprises upper (102) and lower (101) portions, each having respective feeder elements for feeding documents from a hopper (100), the upper and lower portions being movable relative to one another between a feeding position, in which the feeder elements of the upper and lower portions are engageable with a document to be fed, and a jam clearance position, in which a document between the feeder elements of the upper and lower portions may be retrieved, wherein the upper and lower portions are urged into the feeding position by a constant force spring (121).

Abstract: Sorting apparatus comprising conveying means for conveying input objects into to the apparatus, extraction means for extracting from the conveying means input objects identified as belonging to a particular object-class processing means arranged to received input data corresponding at least to the portions across the conveying means of said identified input objects and to output control signals corresponding to the input data to the extraction means to effect extraction of said identified input objects, where the extraction means comprises an array of nozzles extending in a direction (z) across the conveying means, each of which is independently operable under control of the processing means to produce an air jet in a generally upward direction (y), and is arranged to activate sub-groups of nozzles corresponding to, and in response to, said control signals, characterised in that the conveying means has a partially open surface arranged to convey input objects over the array of nozzles, in that the array of no

Abstract: A system for disposing of medical waste is generally configured to sort waste items into a plurality of containers according to applicable rules and regulations governing the handling and/or disposal of such items. In some embodiments, a system comprises sorting stations each of which houses a number of disposable containers. Each station can identify an item of waste, determine the most appropriate container for the item, and facilitate disposal of the item in the appropriate container. In some embodiments, a detection system for determining a presence and/or a quantity of waste items within a container is also provided. In some embodiments, access to discarded waste items is restricted once the waste items have been placed in a container.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a low pressure water filter and dispenser system for use in a refrigerator which enables an effluent from said system exhibiting a log 6 bacteria reduction and a log 4 virus reduction with pressures as low as 0.35 kg/cm2 (5 psi). The system can be located in various places, for example it can sit on the shelf, it can be mounted to the ceiling of the refrigerator, or it can be attached to the wall or other internal components.

Abstract: A liner assembly (322) for a sand trap (10) includes a retainer layer (329) that is positioned between a base (18) of the sand trap (10) and a filling material (16) within a cavity (13) of the sand trap (10). The retainer layer (329) is covered by the filling material (16) so that the retainer layer (329) is substantially unexposed. The retainer layer (329) includes a plurality of spaced apart projections (330) that can be formed from plastic, such as synthetic turf material. In certain embodiments, the filling material (16) fills the spaces between the projections (330). The retainer layer (329) can be substantially water impermeable and can cover at least approximately a majority of the surface area of the cavity (13). The retainer layer (329) can be positioned within the cavity at an angle (328) that is at least 10 degrees relative to the horizontal (300).

Abstract: An apparatus removes liquid from a liquid and solids mixture. The apparatus may include a bowl-shaped, rigid container having an upper portion, a lower portion, and a sidewall forming a chamber for receiving the liquid and solids mixture. The container includes a plurality of conduits extending radially outwardly along an inner portion of the sidewall. A filter separates the conduits from the liquid solids mixture in the chamber. Means is also provided for reducing pressure in the chamber, which causes at least liquid to be drawn from the mixture through the filter and conduits. Related systems and methods may be follow from use of the apparatus.

Abstract: An automatic lifting level controller for the discharge of foam is mainly to install a foam collection port, a foam discharge port and foam guide channel on a body, which has a floating chamber that moves up and down according to the water levels. It is installed in a protein skimmer to reinforce the functionality and practicability of the protein skimmer by sucking and discharging the foams fractionated by the protein skimmer from the seawater or fresh water.

Abstract: A membrane contactor includes a housing, a stack of membrane mats, and a cap. The housing has a closed end and an open end. The closed end includes an outlet port. The cap is united to the open end and includes an inlet port. A stack of membrane mats is within the housing stacked substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the housing. Each membrane mat has a plurality of hollow fiber members. A potting material bonds the membrane mats to each other and simultaneously bonds one end of the stack to the closed end and bonds the other end of the stack to the cap. The potting material forms an internal chamber and at least one external chamber within the housing. The hollow fiber members extend through the potting material from the internal chamber into the external chambers. The inlet port and the outlet port are in communication with the internal chamber. At least one side port is in communication with the external chambers.

Abstract: Fluid filtration devices, systems and methods are disclosed. The device comprises, for example, an influent feed tube; an influent receiving bowl in fluid communication with the influent feed tube; and a plurality of radial arms having filters therein configured to rotate about an axis within the influent receiving bowl. The fluid filtration devices, which can be configured to filter a wide variety of fluids, comprises: an influent feed tube; an influent receiving bowl in fluid communication with the influent feed tube; and a plurality of radial arms having filters therein configured to rotate about an axis within the influent receiving bowl.

Abstract: There is disclosed a liquid filter apparatus (10;10?), such as a cooking oil and/or fat filter apparatus comprising a filter means (100;100?) and at least one filter support means (105;105?). In use at least seal (10a;110b) is formed between the filter means (100;100?) and the filter support means (105;105?) by a liquid being filtered. The apparatus (10;10?) also comprises a cup (130;130?;202?,204?) for receiving matter from a liquid being filtered, wherein the filter means (100;100?) and cup (130;130?;202?;204?) are integrally formed in a single cup and filter body (135;135?). In disclosed embodiments the cup and filter body (135;135?) defines a single annular cup (130;130?). In another disclosed embodiment, the cup and filter body defines a plurality of concentrically aligned annular cups (202?;204?).

Abstract: A freeze resistant filter cartridge assembly, includes a filter cartridge including a filter housing and a filter media and having at least one component selected from a list of components consisting of: the filter housing being formed of an increased elasticity polyolefin polymer having elongation and glass transition properties that allow for stretching of the housing during a freezing event rather than rupturing; a sleeve having a volume of air entrapped therein within and being disposed in the interior of the filter cartridge; and the filter housing formed of a conventional polyolefin having a wall thickness great enough to resist freeze induced expansion stresses. A method of forming a freeze resistant filter cartridge assembly is further included.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a cartridge filter device having high filtration efficiency, having a long filter life, and capable of being produced at low cost. An out-in-pass-type pleated cartridge filter device has a filtration material, a core, a sleeve, and two end caps (upper and lower lid sections). In a filter material cross-section orthogonal to pleat folding, there are one mountain folding line (a), two valley folding lines (b) on both sides of the one mountain folding line, and two mountain folding lines (c) on both sides of the two valley folding lines. Thus the cartridge filter device includes a letter W-shaped section where there are one low mountain section on the sleeve side, two valley sections on the core side, on both sides of the one mountain section, and two high mountain sections on the sleeve side, on both sides of the two valley sections.

Abstract: A biological system for removing selenium from waste water comprises a first immobilized cell bioreactor (ICB) and a selenide removal module. The first ICB comprises a chamber having a substrate housed therein and situated to contact the waste water flowing therethrough during use. Anaerobic microorganisms are supported on the substrate, and comprise selenium respiring bacteria capable of reducing selenates and selenites to insoluble elemental selenium and/or sulfate reducing bacteria capable of reducing selenates and selenites to insoluble elemental selenium or to soluble selenides. The selenide removal module includes metallic or oxidized iron compounds capable of chemically reacting with selenide or sulfide compounds in the waste water to form iron selenide or iron sulfide precipitates.

Abstract: A method of processing backwash water by use of a membrane separation process is disclosed. Specifically, the following steps are taken to process backwash water: collecting backwash water in a receptacle suitable to hold said backwash water; treating said backwash water with one or more water soluble polymers, wherein said water soluble polymers are selected from the group consisting of: amphoteric polymers; cationic polymers, wherein, said charge density is from about 5 mole percent to about 100 mole percent; zwitterionic polymers; and a combination thereof; optionally mixing said water soluble polymers with said backwash water; passing said treated backwash water through a membrane, wherein said membrane is an ultrafiltration membrane or a microfiltration membrane; and optionally back-flushing said membrane to remove solids from the membrane surface.

Abstract: A method of processing landfill leachate by use of a membrane separation process is disclosed. Specifically, the following steps are taken to process landfill leachate: collecting landfill leachate in a receptacle suitable to hold said landfill leachate; treating said landfill leachate with one or more water soluble polymers, wherein said water soluble polymers are selected from the group consisting of: amphoteric polymers; cationic polymers; zwitterionic polymers; and a combination thereof; optionally mixing said water soluble polymers with said landfill leachate; passing said treated landfill leachate through a membrane, wherein said membrane is an ultrafiltration membrane or a microfiltration membrane; and optionally back-flushing said membrane to remove solids from the membrane surface.

Abstract: Forward osmosis methods and apparatus using a controllable osmotic agent to establish or enhance an osmotic forward bias are disclosed. In a conventional osmosis environment, a controllable osmotic agent is selectively added to an effluent to establish or enhance an osmotic imbalance that favors transfer of an influent solvent to the effluent. After desirable transfer of the influent solvent to the effluent, the controllable osmotic agent is isolated, removed or neutralized so that the transferred solvent and/or concentrated influent can be recovered. The controllable osmotic agent comprises a composition that is reactive to an external influence that does not appreciably affect the effluent solvent, for example, magnetic forces, electrical charges and filtration. Batch and continuous process methods and apparatus are also disclosed.

Abstract: A cell processing method for processing and collecting cells in a cell suspension fluid with reagent comprising: filtering a cell suspension fluid using a membrane filter; processing the cells ion the membrane filter with reagent; supplying a collection fluid to produce a shearing force that acts on the cells processed with reagent so as to separate the cells on the membrane filter into the collection fluid; and recovering the collection fluid that retains the cells separated from the membrane filter.

Abstract: A kidney failure therapy system includes: (a) a dilaysate supply; (b) at least one valve actuator; (c) at least one pump actuator; and (d) a disposable unit including first and second flexible sheets sealed together for form: (i) at least one flow path configured to be placed in fluid communication with the dilaysate supply; and operable with the at least one valve actuator; and (ii) at least one pumping portion configured to operate with the at least one pump actuator.

Abstract: A molecular arrangement magnetic treatment apparatus and method includes a material container with an inlet and an outlet where the material to be treated is introduced at the inlet and is released at the outlet and where the material container is sized so as to provide an enclosed space into which the material expands and loses velocity. A material passageway is connected at one end to the inlet and at another end to the outlet such that the material must pass through the material passageway. And at least one pair of magnets is provided that are oriented such that material in the passageway must pass between a north pole and a south pole of the pair of magnets.

Abstract: Polymer extraction methods are disclosed.

Abstract: The sewage treatment system of the present invention comprises at least three reaction tanks, a solid separator, and an upflow reactor or a filter. The first reaction tank elevates pH of the sewage, more than 10.0; the second reaction tank induces rapid flocculation of the sewage from the first reaction tank to remove all suspended solids, insoluble BOD, insoluble chemical complexes by using polymeric flocculent and/or coagulant; the solid separator separates the flocculated waste matter and solids, discharged from the second reaction tank, the upflow reactor or the filter adsorbs dissolved organic compounds including gases and/or to moderate the pH of the contents from the solid separator and the third reaction tank reduces the pH of the contents from the upflow reactor or the filter to acceptable levels of 8.5. The invention also discloses a process for treating sewage to obtain a treated sewage for various applications.

Abstract: Systems and associated methods for treating contaminant-containing wastewater are provided. The systems generally include a reducing zone for reducing the oxidation-reduction potential of the water and a clean-up zone comprising zero valent iron for removing at least a portion of the contaminant from the contaminant-containing water. The systems are operable to remove one or more contaminants from the contaminant-containing water and are operable for extended durations without clogging due to the formation of iron hydroxides.

Abstract: A user friendly system that permits an unskilled person to quickly add dispersant material to a fluid system with the user friendly system utilizing operator evident dispersant carriers such as drawers, hangars or insertable cartridges.

Abstract: A sludge treatment process comprising: mixing a sludge and a sanitizing agent to form a sludge mixture, the sanitizing agent comprising no more than about 20 percent of the sludge mixture, sanitizing the sludge mixture to substantially reduce or eliminate the pathogens therein, thereby forming biosolids, and recycling some of the biosolids into the sludge mixture. Included is a sludge treatment process comprising: sanitizing sludge to substantially reduce or eliminate the pathogens therein, thereby forming biosolids, wherein the sludge is substantially free of an acid. Also included is a sludge treatment process comprising: mixing a sludge, a sanitizing agent, and a stiffening agent to form a sludge mixture, heating the sludge mixture to substantially reduce or eliminate the pathogens therein, thereby forming biosolids, and recycling some of the biosolids into the sludge mixture, wherein the pH of the sludge mixture is at least about 9 prior to the heating step.

Abstract: A method is provided for attending to, filtrating and cleaning a working medium using at least one filter in a filter housing which adjoins a discharge device for a filter cake. The filtered out particles are gradually compacted in the discharge device to give the filter cake. The compacted filter cake is discharged once it has reached a predetermined thickness.

Abstract: A peg hook support structure is provided. The peg hook support structure includes two mating bodies that are preferably substantially similar. A vertical support supports the two mated bodies in a vertical orientation. The support may vertically support may support the mated bodies from the bottom in an upright orientation or from the top in a hanging orientation. The mated bodies include a plurality of peg hook mounts for securing peg hooks to the mated bodies. When mounted to the mated bodies, the peg hooks project laterally outward from the mated bodies such that merchandise may be supported thereto. The bodies may be configured such that they are identical.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide a dispensing system (for dispensing a product) that helps prevent theft, while also providing a simple, easy to manufacture advancing or pushing system that advances product forward. In certain embodiments, the system comprises a base having a back portion, a platform having a track, a flexible plastic pushing device with a connecting end and a pushing end, wherein the connecting end is attached to the back portion of the base, and wherein the pushing end slides along the platform track to advance product to be dispensed forward, and a hood that covers the base.

Abstract: A knife holder comprises a frame having an aperture, wherein the aperture has a width corresponding to the width of a knife blade. A plastic insert is configured to be seated within the aperture, wherein the insert has a length corresponding to the length of the knife blade. The insert has a first closed end corresponding to the distal tip of the knife blade, and a second open end corresponding to the edge of the knife blade and the handle, such that the insert encloses the knife blade and prevents contact between the knife blade and the interior of the knife holder.

Abstract: The fishing rod holder is configured for ease of access to any of a series of rods stored in the device while still providing compact storage for the rods. A support strut extends from a permanently mounted base, with spaced apart rod holding plates installed on the strut. A connecting tube secures the two plates together rotationally about the strut. Each plate includes a series of rod holding passages therethrough, with the passages of one plate having peripheral slots for the lateral insertion of the rods. The slotted passages have resilient slotted discs placed therein to grip the rods placed therein. The device may be rotated to position any of the rods as desired for ease of removal, or to position an open pair of passages for the placement of a rod therein. The rotary plate and strut assembly may be removed from the base for secure storage when necessary.

Abstract: A shelf device for mounting on an inside surface of a cooler door comprises a bottom panel and left and right mounting flanges connected to the bottom panel along left and right side edge portions thereof. Each flange has a pair of openings therein vertically spaced from one another and adapted to mount and support the shelf device. A partition panel is connected to the bottom panel and divides the bottom panel into a plurality of compartments. Vertically extending ribs are attached to the partition panel at junctions of adjacent compartments. A display panel is spaced from the bottom panel and attached to the ribs. The display panel includes top and bottom lips forming a slot for slidably receiving a display insert. Ventilation openings in the partition panel increase air circulation.

Abstract: A system for mounting a structural member upon a vertical wall, the vertical wall supporting a planar mounting board having a back surface appended to the vertical wall and a front surface facing away from the vertical wall. The front surface of the mounting board is provided with a plurality of horizontally extending grooves, each of the grooves having a channel opening at the front surface of the planar mounting board and a flared cut out region extending within the planar mounting board extending from each of the channel openings.

Abstract: A removable frame (100) is adapted to be fitted inside an outer container (800) and to support at least one inner container (600, 700). The frame includes a plurality of arrangements (116, 126, 138) configurable to contact an inner surface of the outer container, such contact limiting movement of the frame relative to the outer container.

Abstract: Modifications to the structural elements of racks/shelves for component shelves, and in particular, audio components are provided in order to improve the sound produced by the system by minimizing the effects of vibration on the equipment positioned on the shelves. In particular, adding a series of grooves to the lower surface of each shelf was found to be of assistance in attenuating the vibration measured on the shelf surface. Additionally, using vertical supports manufactured of a tube of a composite fibre material, such as a carbon fibre/graphite reinforced plastic (GRP) or a solid metallatic support, such as a support made of an aluminum rod, was also found to attenuate the vibrations measured on the shelf surface. As such, a method and device for ameliorating the effects of vibration on vibration sensitive equipment is provided.

Abstract: Some embodiments of the present invention provide a support adapted to support a comestible fluid container on a comestible fluid container rack, and a container rack having such a support. The support can include a first portion extending from a stretcher of the comestible fluid container rack and a second portion extending substantially laterally from the first portion to support the comestible fluid container thereon.

Abstract: A baby bottle cap includes a recess inside the cap and notches at the cap's sides, with a portion of the handle snapping into the recess and the notches.

Abstract: A child-resistant package includes a container having a neck finish with an open mouth, an angularly spaced array of external projections with notches on undersides of the projections, and a conical internal surface around the mouth. A closure has a base wall, a first annular wall with angularly spaced internal lugs received within the notches, and a second annular wall disposed radially inwardly from the first annular wall and in resilient sealing engagement with the internal surface on the container neck finish. The second annular wall has a substantially cylindrical portion adjacent to the base wall and a conical portion extending from the substantially cylindrical portion at an angle inwardly from the first annular wall and away from the base wall. The conical portion of the second annular wall has an edge remote from the base wall that is spaced from the internal surface of the container neck finish.

Abstract: Safety rotating closure is disclosed for a multi-compartment bottle. For example, a two-chamber bottle has a separate pour neck (7, 8) with a pour opening (9, 10) for each chamber (3, 4) and a rotating closure (1; 100) which can be screwed onto a common neck part (5) of the multi-compartment bottle (2) and is provided with a mechanically acting child safety means against unauthorized loosening of the rotating closure (1). The rotating safety closure (1; 100) has essentially conical seal parts (20; 120) which in the screwed-on state engage the pour openings (9, 10) of the pour necks (7, 8) and interact with the inside walls to form a seal. The interlocking elements of the child safety means are located on the rotating safety closure (1; 100).

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a closure for a container. Among the embodiments provided herein, a cap for a container used on a water dispenser has a roof portion, a cylindrical skirt, and a well extending from the roof portion into the cap. The well has a wall structure terminating at a base structure that has a shape defined as comprising an annular rim connected to the wall structure and either a frusto-conical member having an edge that terminates to a disk shaped member, a dome member, or a convex member depending from the annular rim and extending in a direction towards the roof portion. The cap may further include at least two frangible lines defined on the base structure with scored sections at the ends defined by each frangible line.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a closure for a container. In one of the embodiments provided herein, the closure is provided with a cap having a roof portion and a cylindrical skirt. A well extends from the roof portion into the cap, the well having an inner wall structure that terminates at an edge and a frangible valve joined to the well by a frangible section that extends about a first portion vicinal to a periphery of the frangible valve and by a non-frangible section that extends about a second portion vicinal to said periphery. In another embodiment the frangible valve is defined as a dish-like member positioned at an inclination relative to a central axis defined by the well, such that the frangible section is joined about the inner wall structure of said well and the non-frangible section is joint about the edge of the well.