Abstract: The invention provides a light bulb that glows in the dark after activation by incident electromagnetic radiation. The element that glows in the dark is an energy storage element and is placed in the center of the light bulb. Furthermore, a reflector is incorporated into the light bulb and/or energy storage element to effectively direct the electromagnet radiation emitted from the luminescent phosphor into an open space.

Abstract: An electron beam irradiator capable of performing electron beam irradiation in a wide area at a high current density with a field emitter tip. The electron beam irradiator comprises: a vacuum chamber having a beam irradiation window formed longitudinally in an outer periphery of the vacuum chamber; a cathode placed centrally and longitudinally inside the vacuum chamber, and having a field emitter tip formed on the cathode, corresponding to the beam irradiation window; and a high voltage supply placed at one end of the vacuum chamber, and adapted to apply high voltage toward the cathode. The electron beam irradiation can be made in a wide area without using an electromagnet as well as in a high current density without using a heater such as a filament or an additional power supply, thereby to ensure a simplified structure as well as a reduced size.

Abstract: A hot cathode fluorescent lamp without filament includes a tube having a phosphor layer coated on an inner surface thereof and being filled with an amalgam and an inert gas, two electrodes sealedly provided at two ends of the tube respectively wherein at least one of the electrodes, which is made of metallic anti-evaporation material having a melting point of at least 1500° C., has an oxide layer coated on an outer surface of the electrode, and a peripheral circuit electrically coupled with the electrodes, wherein two outer wires are electrically extended from the electrodes to an exterior of the tube respectively, wherein the tube has an inner operation pressure in a range from 400 to 2600 pascal.

Abstract: The present invention provides an oxynitride phosphor represented by a composition formula M(1)1?jM(2)jSibAlcOdNe (composition formula I) or a composition formula M(1)1?a?jM(2)jCeaSibAlcOdNe (composition formula II) and containing 50% or more of a JEM phase, and a light emitting device including a semiconductor light emitting element emitting an excited light, a first phosphor that is the oxynitride phosphor according to the present invention that absorbs the excited light and emits a fluorescence, and a kind or a plurality of kinds of second phosphor(s) that absorb(s) the excited light and emit(s) a fluorescence having a longer wavelength than the fluorescence emitted by the first phosphor. Thereby, a novel oxynitride phosphor being capable of highly efficiently emitting mainly a light having a wavelength of 510 nm or less and a light emitting device using the same can be provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a brightness-enhanced light-emitting structure of a luminescent assembly, and more particularly, to a structure capable of enhancing the brightness of a luminescent assembly by directing blue/ultraviolet light of a light-emitting source to shine on a fluorescent/phosphorescent coating so as to excite visible light therefrom in a surface excitation manner.

Abstract: In a conventional EL display device, a general video signal (analog signal voltage) is sampled to be outputted to a source signal line and then inputted to a gate electrode of a driving TFT provided in each pixel. The drain current of the TFT is controlled to control the current flowing into an EL element, thereby adjusting the luminance. However, accurate gray scales cannot be obtained unless the video signal is converted before it is sampled and inputted to the source signal line since the drain current of the driving TFT does not correspond to the gate voltage of the driving TFT linearly. The invention solve this problem by converting an inputted analog signal voltage into a current, converting the current into the gate-source voltage of a correction TFT that has the same polarity as a driving TFT, supplying the gate-source voltage as a source line signal to a source signal line, and applying the source line signal to a gate electrode of the driving TFT.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent panel includes several sub-pixels. The sub-pixels include at least one first electrode; at least one shadow wall formed at the periphery of the first electrode; at least one first common layer formed on the first electrode; several emission layers independently formed on the first common layer; at least one second common layer formed on the emission layers; and at least one second electrode formed on the second common layer. During the fabricating process, the first, second, and third color evaporation sources are provided independently for forming the first, second, and third color emission layers on the corresponding region of first electrode. The tilt directions of three color evaporation sources and the evaporation angles between the evaporation source and the substrate surface are determined according to the positions and heights of the shadow walls.

Abstract: A lighting device comprising a first group of solid state light emitters, with peak wavelength from 430 nm to 480 nm, and optionally a second group with dominant wavelength from 600 nm to 630 nm, and a first group of lumiphors which emit light having dominant wavelength from 555 nm to 585 nm. In some embodiments, if current is supplied to a power line, a combination of (1) light exiting the lighting device which was emitted by the first group of emitters, and (2) light exiting the lighting device which was emitted by the first group of lumiphors would, in an absence of any additional light, produce a sub-mixture of light having x, y color coordinates within an area on a 1931 CIE Chromaticity Diagram defined by points having coordinates (0.32, 0.40), (0.36, 0.48), (0.43, 0.45), (0.42, 0.42), (0.36, 0.38). Also provided is a method of lighting.

Abstract: There are provided a wavelength conversion member including phosphors made of phosphor particles which are made of an oxynitride and/or a nitride and have a refractive index n1, and a coating which coats each of the phosphor particles and has a refractive index n2, and a medium having the phosphors dispersed therein and having a refractive index n3, the refractive index n2 of the coating being a value between n3 and n1, and a light-emitting device having the wavelength conversion member incorporated therein. It is preferable in the present invention that the coating is formed of a plurality of layers, and has its refractive index varying in a stepwise manner in a direction from a surface of each of the phosphor particles to an interface with the medium.

Abstract: There are provided compounds of Formulae I and II: where: n is 1, 2 or 3; p is 0, 1 or 2; the sum of n +p is 3; R1 R2, R3 and R4 are each independently H, F, alkyl, trialkylsilyl, triarylsilyl, aryl or substituted aryl. R5 and R7 are each independently alkyl or aryl; and R6 is H or alkyl. R8 is H, F, or alkyl There are also provided electronic devices containing such compounds.

Abstract: The present invention relates to organic light emitting devices (OLEDs), and more specifically to OLEDS that emit light using a combination of fluorescent emitters and phosphorescent emitters. The emissive region of the devices of the present invention comprise at least one phosphor-sensitized layer which has a combined emission from a phosphorescent emitter and a fluorescent emitter. In preferred embodiments, the invention relates to white-emitting OLEDS (WOLEDs).

Abstract: Provided are a novel aromatic amine derivative having a specific structure and an organic electroluminescence device in which an organic thin layer comprising a single layer or plural layers including a light emitting layer is interposed between a cathode and an anode, wherein at leas one layer of the above organic thin layer contains the aromatic amine derivative described above in the form of a single component or a mixed component. Thus, the organic electroluminescence device is less liable to be crystallized in molecules, improved in a yield in producing the organic electroluminescence device and extended in a lifetime.

Abstract: There are provided a light-emitting device which emits light stably with high efficiency, and a novel metal complex for realizing the light-emitting device. The novel metal complex has terdentate coordination.

Abstract: A system for displaying an image includes a plurality of pixels each having a first organic light-emitting device (OLED), a second OLED and a third OLED. The pixel includes a first electrode layer, a first organic light-emitting layer, a second organic light-emitting layer, a second electrode layer and a color filter. The first organic light-emitting layer is disposed on the first electrode layer and within the first OLED and the second OLED. The second organic light-emitting layer is disposed on the first electrode layer and within the second OLED and the third OLED so that the first and second organic light-emitting layers overlap within the second OLED. The second electrode layer is disposed on the first organic light-emitting layer and the second organic light-emitting layer. The color filter is disposed within the second OLED.

Abstract: An electroluminescent device, including a spaced-apart anode and cathode and an organic layer disposed between the spaced-apart anode and cathode and including a polymer having arylamine repeating unit moiety represented by formula wherein: Ar, Ar1, Ar2, Ar3, and Ar4 are each individually arylof from 6 to 60 carbon atoms; or a heteroarylof from 4 to 60 carbons, or combinations thereof; or Ar1 and Ar2, Ar3 and Ar4, Ar1 and Ar4, Ar2 and Ar4 are connected through a chemical bond; and X is a conjugated group having 2 to 60 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A display device includes; a thin film transistor formed on a insulating substrate, a pixel electrode electrically connected to the thin film transistor, an organic layer formed on the pixel electrode, a wall surrounding the organic layer, a reflective film formed on the wall, and a common electrode formed on the organic layer.

Abstract: The electroluminescent (EL) element comprises a transparent plastic film substrate (1) onto whose rear side a transparent first electrode layer (2) comprised of indium tin oxide (ITO) is vacuum sputtered. A first electroluminescent layer (3) with dispersed electroluminophores (4) is placed on the first electrode layer (2). This first electroluminescent layer consists of a transparent matrix (5) into which the electroluminophores (4) are incorporated (4). The second electrode layer (rear electrode layer) (6) is placed on the first electroluminescent layer (3) or on an insulating intermediate layer (not shown) located thereon. This second electrode layer is insulated toward its side facing away from the first electroluminescent layer (3) by means of the insulating layer (7). On the front side, i.e. the visible face, a third electrode layer (8) comprised of transparent conductive lacquer is applied to the plastic film substrate (1).

Abstract: The invention relates to a display comprising a ground plate (30) and at least one emitting layer (20) and at least one isolating separator layer (10) each positioned in contacting manner on said ground plate (30), the at least one emitting layer (20) and the at least one isolating separator layer (10) being positioned adjacent to each other in a contacting manner, whereby the isolating separator layer (10) is reflective

Abstract: The present invention provides an organic EL device, which is long-life and has high performance, by optimizing the hole transport layer. An organic electroluminescence device including at least a first electrode 102, an organic electroluminescence medium layer 103 having a hole transport layer 103a and an organic luminescent layer 103b, and a second electrode 104 in this order, wherein the hole transport layer 103a includes associates of a donating molecule and an accepting molecule, and the hole transport layer 103a has different component ratios of the donating molecule and the accepting molecule between the side of the first electrode 102 and the side of the organic luminescent layer 103b.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a high-performance and highly reliable light emitting element which has high light emission luminance and luminous efficiency and good adhesiveness inside the element. A feature of the present invention is that the refractive index, internal stress, and dielectric constant are made to change continuously in an insulating layer included in a light emitting element. Since properties of the film are changed continuously in a single layer, this insulating layer has gradations of property values of the film (refractive index, internal stress, dielectric constant, and the like) in the film, and has no interface which is generated in a case of a stacked structure.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a manufacturing method for a light-emitting element that emits light at a plurality of emission wavelength peaks. Furthermore, it is an object of the present invention to provide a light-emitting device and electronic device in which color rendering is high. A manufacturing method for a light-emitting element includes the following steps: a step for forming a first electrode, a step for forming a light-emitting layer over the first electrode, a step for forming a second electrode over the light-emitting layer, and a step for performing heat treatment on the light-emitting layer; where the step for forming the light-emitting layer includes a step for forming a layer containing a host material and a layer containing a material acting as a luminescent center so that the two layers are in contact with each other.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a manufacturing method of a light-emitting material having high purity. In addition, another object thereof is to provide a light-emitting element having high luminance. Moreover, still another object thereof is to provide a light-emitting device and an electronic device each having high luminance. The present invention provides a method for manufacturing a light-emitting material including the steps of: forming a first layer containing a luminescence center element in a container; forming a second layer containing a host material in the container so as to cover the first layer; and performing heat treatment to the first layer and the second layer in the container, whereby the second layer is doped with the luminescence center element.

Abstract: An organic light emitting diode (OLED) device having at least one pixel, comprising a planar light coupling layer having a front surface and a back surface, said layer having a thickness T; a light emitting portion for each pixel, disposed on the back surface of the light coupling layer; and a microlens for each pixel, having a radius of curvature R, disposed on the front surface of the light coupling layer such that its center of curvature is within the light coupling layer, wherein the radius of curvature R and the thickness T are such that R=xT, where x has a value in the range from 0.2 to 0.8. The OLED device exhibits improved light emission through the use of the microlenses, formed in or attached to the light coupling layer, when so configured that the radius of curvature (R) to substrate thickness (T) ratio (R/T) is in the range from 0.2 to 0.8, preferably in the range from 0.45 to 0.6.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescence device (OELD) and a display panel are provided. The OELD comprises a first electrode, a second electrode, an emissive layer and a shielding structure. The second electrode is disposed above the first electrode. The emissive layer is disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. The shielding structure is disposed above the second electrode. The hardness of the shielding structure is smaller than that of the second electrode.

Abstract: A backlight unit for a liquid crystal display device (LCD), and an LCD including the same are disclosed. One embodiment of the backlight unit includes an organic light emitting element in which the efficiency of light extraction is improved without decreasing productivity to achieve high brightness and a low consumption power. The backlight unit includes a substrate, an organic light emitting element formed on the substrate, and an encapsulating member attached to the substrate to enclose the organic light emitting element. The backlight unit further includes a scattering film on one of surfaces of the substrate, the organic light emitting element and the encapsulating member to prevent light emitting from the organic light emitting element from being totally reflected.

Abstract: A display device includes an insulating substrate having an upper surface and a lower surface opposing the upper surface, a display element including a first electrode, an organic light emitting layer on the first electrode, and a second electrode on the organic light emitting layer, a first film connected to a first side of the upper surface, and a first circuit substrate connected to the first film and including a first surface facing the display element, a second surface opposing the first surface, and an electric element protruding from the second surface.

Abstract: An electric lamp which is almost free from an illumination trouble due to breakage of filaments is composed of a light transmitting bulb, a bulb base equipped with a pair of inner terminals and a pair of outer terminals, and a linear light emitting means composed of plural filaments extended in parallel with each other between the inner terminals, in which at least one filament and the other filament are disposed oppositely to each other and shielded from each other with a light transmitting shielding plate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a plasma display apparatus. The plasma display apparatus comprises a front substrate; a first electrode, a second electrode and a dielectric layer formed on the front substrate; a rear substrate faced with the front substrate; a third electrode formed on the rear substrate; and a barrier rib which is formed on the rear substrate and patitions discharge cells, wherein at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode is formed with one layer, and the width of at least one of barrier ribs which patition the discharge cells in the outside of an effective display region is wider than the width of barrier ribs which patition the discharge cells in the inside of the effective display region. The plasma display apparatus according to the present invention removes a transparent electrode consisting of ITO to reduce the manufacturing cost of the plasma display panel.

Abstract: A manufacturing method of a PDP includes: a first material filling step for filling recessed portions (41) of a molding die (4) with a first dielectric paste (23A) that forms partitions; a second material application step for applying a second dielectric paste (22A) that forms an address electrode protective layer on a rear substrate (2); a transfer step for pressing the molding die (4) against the second dielectric paste (22A) and then peeling the molding die (4) off from the rear substrate (2); and a firing step. Since the molding die (4) is pressed against the second dielectric paste (22A) that has a fluidity in the transfer step, the first dielectric paste (23A) and the second dielectric paste (22A) can be adhered to each other securely. Accordingly, the partitions having a desired shape can be formed securely and inter-partition portions of the address electrode protective layer can be uniformly formed with a uniform thickness.

Abstract: An AC plasma display panel has a pair of panels disposed in spaced opposed relation, and each having a plurality of electrodes formed on an opposed surface thereof and mostly covered with a dielectric layer; and a sealing member which seals the periphery of the pair of panels. The electrodes each have a portion uncovered with the dielectric layer, and the sealing member is disposed in contact with the uncovered portions of the electrodes. With this arrangement, the discharge space can be kept gas-tightly sealed by the sealing member without communication with the outside of the display panel which may otherwise occur due to the presence of voids on opposite sides and surfaces of the electrodes.

Abstract: A plasma display panel, including a lower substrate and an upper substrate, is provided. The lower substrate includes a first substrate, data electrodes, a rib structure and a fluorescent layer. The data electrodes are disposed on the first substrate. The rib structure is disposed on the first substrate and covering the data electrodes. The fluorescent layer is disposed on a surface of the rib structure. The upper substrate is disposed over the lower substrate, and configures a plurality of first, second, and third discharging spaces with the rib structure of the lower substrate. The upper substrate includes a second substrate and bus electrodes disposed on the second substrate. Each of the bus electrodes includes electrode lines and connecting sessions to electrically connect the electrode lines. The bus electrodes corresponding to respectively the first, second and third discharging spaces are different in structure.

Abstract: A method of driving a plasma display panel for avoiding an erroneous discharge which is likely to occur in an addressing period for a selective discharge. The plasma display panel has a plurality of row electrode pairs each comprised of a first row electrode and a second row electrode which form a pair, a plurality of column electrodes arranged across the row electrode pairs, and display cells formed at respective intersections of the row electrode pairs and the column electrode, wherein a display period for one field of a video signal is comprised of a plurality of sub-fields, and a reset period is provided prior to an addressing period of a starting sub-field in the display period for one field to make a display at multiple levels.

Abstract: A self ballasted compact fluorescent lamp is provided with a cover, a globe having a small-diameter portion formed on a side of an open end portion which is attached to the fitting end portion of the cover, and an arc tube accommodated in the globe and provided with a bulb having a pair of electrodes. The bulb includes a spiral portion connected to the electrodes, the spiral portion having a helix diameter larger than the small-diameter portion of the globe at least a portion of the spiral portion, and the spiral portion further includes a short discharge path portion which is continuously and integrally formed with the spiral portion, has a pair of electrode sealed end portions on the side of the small-diameter portion of the globe and has a discharge path length shorter than the spiral portion. A lighting control circuit unit is accommodated and connected to the base in the cover. A lighting apparatus includes such compact fluorescent lamp and an apparatus body to which the lamp is attached.

Abstract: A highly dense transparent aluminum oxide (alumina) has a fine crystal size and is stabilized for use at temperatures of 800° C. or more. Structures thereof may be used in the lighting industry in, for example, an electric lamp having a discharge tube with a wall of such a ceramic. The alumina according to the invention is provided with an additive comprising an oxide of yttrium, erbium or lanthanum and has an average crystal size ?2 ?m, and a relative density higher than 99.95% with a real in-line transmission RIT ?30-50%, measured over an angular aperture of at most 0.50 at a sample thickness of 0.8 mm and with a single wave-length of light of, preferably, 645 nm.

Abstract: The circuit arrangement for degaussing a picture tube comprises a degaussing coil (ES), a single PTC element (T) and a switch (R), the degaussing coil (ES), the single PTC element (T) and the switch (R) being connected in series For a degaussing, the degaussing coil (ES) is activated by means of the switch (R) for a defined time interval such that the switch-off takes place at an ampere-turns product of greater than 5.

Abstract: An electronic circuit including a microchip for use as an intelligent user interface also comprises touch sensor technology that differentiates between proximity and physical contact events to activate and control various loads including light bulbs, products with radio frequency circuitry or electric motors. An input to the microchip is connected to a switch or sensing structure that does not form a serial link between the power source and the load. The electronic circuit controls various functions in response to user actions including automatic delayed shut-off functions, find-in-the-dark indicator and a power source level/product state indications. The microchip allows the user to select specific functions based on the time duration of activation signals, the time duration between activation signals and the number of activation signals at the input.

Abstract: An arc lamp system includes an arc lamp, having a life span, a power supply, and a power control servo. The power supply is electrically coupled to the arc lamp and configured to provide power thereto, and the power control servo is coupled to the power supply, and configured to cause the power supply to provide lower power to the arc lamp at a beginning of the life span, and to provide greater power to the arc lamp toward an end of the life span.

Abstract: The invention relates to a remotely controllable switch unit for switching the mains inside an electrical installation, wherein the switch unit comprises an electrically controllable switch, a control circuit for controlling the switch, a receiver coupled to the control circuit for receiving wireless signals, wherein the switch unit is adapted for mounting in a housing of a wall socket. As a result of these measures it is no longer necessary to place a separate unit between the wall socket and the plug for connecting thereto. The appearance of an electrical installation is hereby improved. Relative to the “bus” system and similar devices, the advantage results that arranging of such a switch unit can take place in particularly simple manner; no changes need after all be made to the wiring of the electrical installation.

Abstract: [Problem]To provide an organic EL drive circuit capable of reducing luminance variation or luminance unevenness of a display device while restricting an increase of circuit side even when reference currents are not uniform or the current conversion accuracy of D/A converters for converting display data according to the reference currents is some what low and an organic EL display device using the same organic EL drive circuit. [Means for Solving the Problem]A selection circuit for selecting a predetermined current (reference current or reference drive current) is provided between each of current generator circuits and each of current sources provided correspondingly to output terminals of driver to select one of a predetermined current of the current generator circuit corresponding to the output terminal assigned thereto and a predetermined current from a current generator circuit adjacent to the current generator circuit correspondingly to a row side scanning.

Abstract: A control and power module for a rotating electrical machine comprising a power circuit containing a number of branches, and a control circuit designed for controlling the power circuit when the machine operates in a nominal mode. The inventive module is characterized in that the control circuit is also designed for monitoring an output voltage from the power circuit and blocking at least one branch of the power circuit in a conduction state when the output voltage reaches an at least first threshold value so that the machine functions in a degraded mode. The invention is for use in an alternator starter.

Abstract: The described DC to AC inverter efficiently controls the amount of electrical power used to drive a cold cathode fluorescent lamp (CCFL). Additionally, during striking of the CCFL, a higher energy initial energy pulse is used. During normal operation, a lower energy pulse is used.

Abstract: A power supply apparatus is provided which includes: a fuel cell; a power storage device which stores electric power; a connection terminal for connecting a load; a charge-used voltage converter which converts the output voltage of the fuel cell into a charging voltage for charging the power storage device and charges the power storage device; and an output-used voltage converter which converts the output voltage of the power storage device into a predetermined set output voltage and outputs it to the connection terminal.

Abstract: A lamp drive circuit used for driving a number of lamps is provided. The lamps are used in the backlight module. The backlight module is used for providing a light source during a liquid crystal display displays. The lamps are respectively electrically connected to a coil is. The coils substantially have the same coil turns and have the same magnetic circuit, so that the currents flowing through the lamps are balanced.

Abstract: A power supply circuit for a first and a second lamps and the transformer thereof is provided. The power supply circuit comprises a driving circuit and a transformer. The transformer includes a magnetic core, a primary coil set, a secondary coil, a first coil and a second coil. The driving circuit provides an alternative voltage. The primary coil set is wound on the magnetic core, along with the secondary coil, the first and the second coils, and receives the alternative voltage. The turns of the first coil and the second coil are substantially the same. The first lamp is coupled between the first coil and the secondary coil, and the second lamp is coupled between the second coil and the secondary coil.

Abstract: A method for responding to an open lamp condition in a discharge lamp system is disclosed. The method monitors a current feedback signal flowing through a lamp and a voltage feedback signal indicative of a voltage across said lamp. A switch is used to switch between the current feedback signal to the voltage feedback signal upon detection of an open lamp condition.

Abstract: An electronic ballast formed of a rectifier circuit, a high-frequency voltage generator, a cross-linking circuit, a triggering circuit, a high-frequency oscillator and a choke coil is disclosed to limit the electric current upon starting of the electronic ballast so as to prevent damage to the lamp tube, and to isolate the power supply from the lamp tube before generation of a high-frequency voltage so that only the high-frequency power supply is provided to the lamp tube to prevent burning of the oscillation power transistor.

Abstract: A drive circuit for an ignition element of a safety system comprises at least one ignition element terminal for connection of the ignition element, and a controllable current or voltage source coupled to the at least one ignition element terminal. A sensor arrangement comprising at least one detector element is arranged in a current path or adjacent to a current path between the current or voltage source and the at least one ignition element terminal and which has a sensor material designed to vary its color indirectly or directly dependent on a current flowing between the current or voltage source and the ignition element.

Abstract: A lighting device comprising a group of one of more illumination solid state light emitters, a reference solid state light emitter and a reference sensor which detects an intensity of the reference solid state light emitter. Each of the emitters (1) has an illumination which is spaced from a first point by a delta u?, v? distance on a 1976 CIR diagram of not more than 0.015, and/or (2) has a forward voltage temperature dependence which is within 5% of a first forward voltage temperature dependence. In addition, a lighting device comprising one or more illumination solid state light emitters, a reference solid state light emitter and a sensor which comprises at least two areas of individual sensors. Also, methods of lighting.

Abstract: The subject of this invention is a method and apparatus of transforming consequent wave or field alternations into repetitive unidirectional thrusts in a synchronized manner. In the general classical version of the principle, the magnetic part of an appropriate coherent electromagnetic wave is synchronized to interact with appropriately prepared cyclic or oscillatory motion of charge. This produces repeated deflection thrusts pushing the charge toward a precise average direction. The principle may apply at the border of quantum physics, particularly under certain transitional cases. An apparatus is also provided that allows the principle to apply in many adjacent wave antinodes. The part of the wave that has participated in the interaction may carry non-classical attributes, which the method produces. The general principle may operate with other kinds of waves as well, for example with sound waves providing unidirectional synchronized thrusts upon revolving surfaces.

Abstract: An electronic device comprising a power source, a piezoelectric actuator A, and a drive control apparatus 100 for controlling the driving of the piezoelectric actuator, wherein the drive control apparatus 100 is provided with a drive circuit 111 for supplying a drive signal SDR to the piezoelectric element of the vibrating body 12, a phase difference detection means 120 for detecting the phase difference indicating the vibration state of the vibrating body 12, a comparison voltage setting circuit 133 for correcting the target phase difference to be the target for the vibration state, and a drive frequency setting means 140 for comparing the phase difference with the target phase difference; and the piezoelectric actuator A can be driven with high efficiency independent of the drive voltage by modifying the drive frequency of the drive signal SDR so that the phase difference approaches the target phase difference based on the results of the above comparison.