Abstract: A computer based digital transcription system employs audio and video inputs of a court proceeding, and stores the digital signals in a memory in the form of distinct file segments of a predetermined time length during each recording session. The computer associates a date and time and a third identifier, such as location, with each distinct file segment. Playback of any desired segment may be effected during recording or at any time afterward; and playback does not interfere with the recording of realtime information.

Abstract: A servo control apparatus includes: a drive section that applies a thrust to move a driven object; a storage section that stores a control circuit output initial value; an approaching control section that moves the driven object toward a target position; an error signal detection section that detects an error signal varying according to a difference between the position of the driven object and the target position; a start position calculation section that calculates a start position of a servo control process; an arrival detection section that detects whether the driven object reaches the start position; a control circuit initial value calculation section that calculates a control circuit initial value of a control system and supplies it to a control circuit of the control system; and a servo control starting section that starts the servo control process when detecting that the driven object has reached the start position.

Abstract: A method of controlling an optical pick-up head to access an eccentric disk. When a loaded disk is determined as an eccentric disk causing a lens of the optical pick-up head crossing between a first track being close to the inner disk and a second track being close to outer disk, a tracking on position has to be concerned. IF a target track is close to the second track, provide a first force to move the lens a distance toward the inner disk then execute a track on operation. IF the target track is close to the first track, provide a second force to move the lens a distance toward the outer disk then execute a track on operation.

Abstract: A reflecting apparatus includes a first actuator to position a mirror and a second actuator to deform the mirror. The second actuator includes a magnetic member attached to the mirror, and an electromagnet arranged to oppose the magnetic member in a noncontact manner. The reflecting apparatus can suppress heat generation by the actuator used to deform the surface contour of the mirror, thereby accurately deforming the surface shape of the mirror.

Abstract: An electron beam recording apparatus provided with control means for forming a latent image in a resist layer on a disk substrate corresponding to a predetermined pattern by controlling the irradiation position of an electron beam irradiation unit on the surface of the resist layer in accordance with the rotation angle of the disk substrate by a rotational drive unit, the shift position by a shift drive unit and the recording data that represent the predetermined pattern, and beam-adjusting means for irradiating an electron beam so as to spread over a plurality of tracks in the direction of traversing the tracks in response to the irradiation position control due to the control means, and an electron beam recording method using the apparatus.

Abstract: A light source, an objective lens which concentrates light from the light source onto an information recording surface of an information storage medium, and a spherical aberration correction mechanism provided on a light path between the light source of the objective lens are provided. The spherical aberration correction mechanism includes a piezoelectric element for moving a coupling lens, a photo interrupter which detects whether the coupling lens has been moved to an initial position, and a spherical aberration correction element control circuit which moves the coupling lens, which has been moved to the initial position, to one of first to n-th (n is an integer not less than 2) positions where light is concentrated onto an information recording surface of one of first to n-th layer of the information storage medium, the distances between the initial position to the respective first to n-th positions having been determined in advance.

Abstract: An apparatus comprising a focus controller, a photo-diode sensor, a data circuit, a focus error creation circuit and a focus offset circuit. The focus controller may be configured to control a lens in relation to a laser beam and allow the laser beam to focus on a disc. The photo-diode sensor may be configured to generate one or more photo-diode signals in response to the laser beam. The data circuit may be configured to generate one or more disc status signals in response to the one or more photo-diode signals. The focus error creation circuit may generate a focus error signal. The focus error signal may provide a first value based on a focus point of the laser beam. The focus offset circuit may be configured to offset the first value of the focus error signal to a second value in response to the disc status signals to allow the focus controller to move the lens to a position which will increase the focus point of the laser beam on the disc.

Abstract: An off-track state is to be detected accurately. A photodetector 11 converts the light reflected from an optical disc into an electrical signal. A MIRR signal generating circuit 16 generates a bi-level MIRR signal 23, indicating whether the photodetector 11 is in an on-track state or an off-track state with respect to a track of the optical disc, based on an output signal of the photodetector 11. A TEC signal generating circuit 17 generates a bi-level TEC signal 24, indicating whether the photodetector 11 is on an inner side or on an outer side in the radial direction of the optical disc with respect to the track in the optical disc currently closest to the photodetector, based on the output signal of the photodetector 11. An off-track detector 18 outputs an off-track signal 25 if, after the level of the MIRR signal 23 is changed from an on-track state to an off-track state, the level of the TEC signal 24 is changed without the level of the MIRR signal 23 being changed.

Abstract: A safety ensuring device for a disc apparatus, which includes a lid and a spindle motor for rotating a disc, includes a first switch operable by the lid, a first controller electrically coupled to the first switch, a second switch simultaneously operable by the lid when activating the first switch, and a second controller electrically coupled to the second switch. The first controller is configured for receiving signals from the first switch and controls rotation of the spindle motor based on the received signals from the first switch. The second controller is configured for receiving signals from the second switch and controls the rotation of the spindle motor based on the received signals from the second switch. A disc apparatus utilizing the safety ensuring device is also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention provides a flexible power interface control system and a method of the same capable of flexibly changing the LDD setting for complying with different controlling states or different write strategies. The different controlling states or write strategies may be used for different disk types or different writing modes. The flexible LDD setting in accordance with the present invention is contributing to improve the recording performance and stability of an optical disk drive for complying with various disk types or different writing modes.

Abstract: A write power adjustment method and optical read/write apparatus for accurate optimum write power setup. Different levels of write power Pwm are used to perform a test write and calculate a modulation Mm corresponding to each level of write power Pwm. Different write power compensated values Pcn are used to calculate an evaluated value Smn=Mm×(Pwm?Pcn). Pcn that maximizes the linearity of the relationship between compensated write power (Pwm?Pcn) and evaluated value Smn is determined as an optimum write power compensated value PcO. Compensated write power PthO that provides a modulation of zero, that is, an evaluated value SmO of zero, when the relationship between compensated write power (Pwm?PcO) for PcO and evaluated value SmO is subjected to linear approximation is determined. PthO and optimum write power compensated value PcO are used to calculate a write power threshold Pth=PthO+PcO. A predetermined calculation is performed on Pth to determine optimum write power Popt.

Abstract: An information processing device may include a first frame provided with a scanner for reading information recorded on a medium, a second frame which faces the first frame across a traveling path and is provided with a pressing member for pressing the medium toward a reading face of the scanner, a support plate which supports the pressing member and whose one end is axially supported with the second frame to be movable between a locked position where the pressing member is protruded in the traveling path and an open position where a reading face of the scanner is exposed, a locking part for locking the support plate to the second frame at the locked position, and a half lock preventing mechanism for preventing a half-lock state when the support plate is locked to the second frame.

Abstract: When data is to be written on an optical disc in the unit of a sector, an attempt is made to read a block A to which a write sector belongs for the purpose of judging whether the block can be normally read. If the block A is not successfully read, it is judged to be a defective area, and an alternative write is performed in an alternative area in the unit of a sector. The alternative write may be performed so that a plurality of sectors belonging to the same block are dispersively written in different blocks d, E. When new data is to be written in a new sector in such a situation, data is acquired from the dispersed other sectors, merged with the new data, and collectively rewritten in the same block E.

Abstract: A stabilization part stabilizes surface vibration of a flexible optical disk along a rotation axis direction of the optical disk by means of pressure difference of air flow created according to Bernoulli's law at a portion on which information writing/reading is performed, provided on a side of the optical disk opposite to a side on which information recording/reproducing is performed. In this case, areas are provide on the upstream side and down stream side along the disk rotation direction of the portion of the optical disk which is stabilized by said stabilization part, said areas of the optical disk not having pressure difference created thereon by the air flow.

Abstract: A file system which is enabled to use a Metadata Partition instead of VAT for write-once discs, is provided by a pseudo-overwrite method. On applying this invention to a drive apparatus which supports pseudo-overwrite media, the file system distinguishes data to overwrite from data to append. When the data is newly written to a logical sector (S1305), the drive apparatus writes the data to a physical sector to which the logical sector corresponds (S1311). When the logical sector is overwritten the data is written to another unrecorded physical sector in the volume space (1321), and remapping information that specifies the original address, and the remapping address are stored in the remapping table (S1322).

Abstract: Pulses modulated between the erase power and the bottom power are used instead of cooling pulses for an optical disk medium that needs a write strategy with 4-valued power levels. Consequently, pulse instruction lines for the cooling pulses, power level instruction lines, and corresponding current source within the laser driver can be omitted. Decrease in size and lower power consumption can be accomplished.

Abstract: A reproducing apparatus includes a signal reading unit for reading a signal from a recording medium, an equalizing unit for performing partial response equalization on the read signal and outputting an equalized signal, a maximum likelihood decoding unit for performing maximum likelihood decoding on the equalized signal to decode binary data and outputting a binary data string, a determining unit for determining whether or not a shortest code in the binary data string obtained by the maximum likelihood decoding is correct, on the basis of information on an amplitude of the equalized signal corresponding to the shortest code, a code correcting unit for correcting the shortest code in the binary data string, in accordance with a result of the determination of the determination unit, and a data demodulating unit for demodulating the binary data string obtained through the code correcting unit to obtain reproduction data from the recording medium.

Abstract: An information processing device performing replication of data between recording media so that valid information recorded in a first recording medium is recorded in a second recording medium, the information processing device includes a replication control unit controlling the replication of the data so that only information of an allocation space which is an area having the valid information recorded therein is read from the first recording medium serving as a replication source and the read valid information is written in the second recording medium serving as a replication destination.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a recording apparatus for recording a file stream which may be composed of a header, a body, and a footer onto a storage medium. The apparatus may includes header area securing means for, before recording of the body, securing in a recording area of the storage medium a header area in which the header is to be recorded; recording means for recording the body and the footer in the recording area of the storage medium, re-securing the header area secured by the header area securing means based on areas in which the body and the footer have been recorded, and recording the header in the re-secured header area; and reflecting means for allowing information concerning the header area secured when a recording process performed by the recording means is terminated normally or abnormally to be reflected in a file system of the storage medium.

Abstract: An optical pickup device includes a light source to emit light, an objective lens to focus the light on a recording medium to form a light spot, an optical path changer on an optical path between the light source and the objective lens to change the path of incident light, a chromatic aberration correction lens disposed on an optical path between the light source and the objective lens, and a photodetector to receive light which is reflected from the recording medium and is then incident thereon through the optical path changer. The chromatic aberration correction lens corrects a chromatic aberration occurring due to a change in the wavelength and/or due to an increase in a wavelength bandwidth of the light. The chromatic aberration correction lens includes at least two lenses such that a lens having a positive power and a lens having a negative power are adjacent to each other.

Abstract: A Bragg-grating-based liquid crystal element is disposed on an optical axis of a first objective lens with a tilt angle of more than 45° with respect to the optical axis of the first objective lens. By inputting a laser beam to the Bragg-grating-based liquid crystal element in such a manner that a reflection direction of the light beam by the Bragg-grating-based liquid crystal element is in parallel with a short axis of a shape of the laser beam, the reflected laser beam has a shape whose dimension is elongated in the short axis direction.

Abstract: When a dual-layer disc was read, light returning from an irrelevant layer interfered with signal light, causing a focusing error signal and tracking error signal to vary. As a result, full-expected performance could not be obtained from an optical pickup. Disclosed is an optical pickup that includes a laser diode, which emits an optical beam; a diffraction device, which is placed at a position through which the optical beam passes, and separates the optical beam into at least three optical beams (zero-order light, plus first-order light, and minus first-order light); an objective lens, which condenses the optical beams passing through the diffraction device on an optical disc; and a detector, which receives light reflected from the optical disc. The diffraction device allows only a specific polarization direction component of an optical beam to pass without being diffracted, and diffracts a polarization direction component that is orthogonal to the former component.

Abstract: An objective lens for an optical information recording/reproducing device (executing information reading or writing on first through third optical discs having different data densities and different protective layer thicknesses t1-t3 (t1?t2?t3)) by selectively using first through third substantially collimated light beams having first through third wavelengths ?1-?3 (?1<?2<?3) respectively) includes a first optical member and a second optical member which are cemented together at a cementing surface. At least an area of the cementing surface within an incidence height necessary for securing a numerical aperture NA3 (required for the information read/write on the third optical disc) is provided with a diffracting structure including annular zones. The diffracting structure is formed so that diffraction orders m(?1), m(?2) and m(?3) of the first through third light beams maximizing their diffraction efficiency satisfy m(?1)>m(?2)?m(?3)?1.

Abstract: An optical pickup apparatus and an information recording/reproduction apparatus that can reduce flare light generated by an objective lens and reduce stray light are provided. An erecting mirror is provided on an optical path between a light source and an objective lens. An incident face on the erecting mirror is provided with a wavelength selective film having a first region that reflects a light beam having a first wavelength emitted from a first semiconductor laser device and that transmits a light beam having a second wavelength emitted from a second semiconductor laser device, and a second region that reflects light beams emitted from the first and the second semiconductor laser devices.

Abstract: An electromechanical shutter device comprising a base member and a shutter assembly comprising: an electrical current source member; a shutter member movable between a light beam blocked position and a light beam passed position; a light beam blocking member associated with the shutter member; a shutter coil associated with the shutter member which generates an electromagnetic force when energized; at least one magnet which generates a magnet flux directed towards and intersecting the shutter coil; electrically conductive means connecting the electrical current source member to the shutter member for passing electrical current to energize the shutter coil and to control movement of the shutter member between the light beam blocked and passed positions; wherein when the shutter coil is energized, an electromagnetic force is generated that interacts with the magnetic flux to thereby cause movement of the shutter member between the light beam blocked and light beam passed positions.

Abstract: A visible light characteristic changing layer formed from photosensitive or heat-sensitive material is formed in a location which can be viewed from a part of a label surface of an optical disk. The optical disk is set on a turntable of an optical disk unit while the label surface of the optical disk is directed downward. The optical disk and an optical pickup are moved mutually along the plane of the optical disk. In synchronism with the relative movement, the power of a laser beam output from the optical pickup is modulated in accordance with image data, such as characters or graphic images to be printed, and the laser beam is emitted onto the visible light characteristic changing layer. As a result of the visible light characteristic changing layer being exposed to the laser beam, a visible-light reflectivity of the visible light characteristic changing layer is changed, thereby forming a image corresponding to the image data on the label surface.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a recording apparatus and a method, a recording medium, and a program for allowing the relative layout of data recorded on a data recording medium to be maintained on the data recording medium without having to requiring a user to perform burdensome operation. A playback control section 82 controls reading of ARI_DATA indicating an attribute of data recorded on an optical disk from the optical disk. A data-format identifying section 86 determines whether data recorded on the optical disk is a photo movie based on the read-out ARI_DATA. If it is determined that the data recorded on the optical disk is a photo movie, a delete control section 83 controls deletion of the data from the optical disk optical disk so as to delete the photo movie. The present invention can be applied to camcorders.

Abstract: An optical information recording medium, comprising on a substrate a recording layer containing a dye compound having a specific structure. An optical information recording method, comprising recording information on the optical information recording medium by irradiation with laser light of a wavelength of 550 or shorter or 440 nm or shorter.

Abstract: A recording apparatus for recording data in individual blocks each made of plural given regions on an optical disc is disclosed. The recording apparatus may have (i) a detection portion which detects a finally recorded region on the disc by detecting for each of the given regions as to whether or not data is recorded and (ii) a recording control portion which records dummy data from a region next to the finally recorded region detected by the detection portion to the final region of a block located behind the finally recorded region by at least one region and then starting to record data from the head region of the subsequent block.

Abstract: The present invention provides an optical information medium having a dye recording layer, an adhesive layer and a light transmission layer in this order on a groove provided on a substrate, wherein recording and reproduction are carried out by allowing a laser beam to enter an in-groove portion from the light transmission layer, wherein: D×W is 5,000 nm2 or more wherein the depth of the groove is D (nm) and the width of the groove is W (nm), and the thickness of the dye recording layer in the in-groove portion is 0.7 D to 2.4 D (nm).

Abstract: A technique for improving the performance of OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) systems addresses the Sampling Frequency Offset (SFO) estimation and correction problems of conventional techniques and provides improved performance in a wide range of operating conditions. The technique teaches a correction scheme that uses known pilots in each OFDM symbol to estimate slope of phase error and subsequently calculate the correction factor for each of the sub-carriers in the associated OFDM symbol. The present subject matter further teaches an averaging slope estimates over a window of predetermined number of OFDM symbols to average out noise and get a refined correction factor. In addition, the present technique teaches tracking rate of growth of slope across OFDM symbols to estimate SFO, which can be used for the timing error correction in the time domain.

Abstract: Detection of OFDM symbols generates an equivalent vector which represents the sufficient statistics (SS) which are subsequently processed using a maximum likelihood (ML) algorithm. The algorithms and implementations are described. Both examples of implementation using the A* (ML) algorithm and a near-ML trellis search algorithm for a time-varying finite state machine model of the received vector of SS are described.

Abstract: A transmission apparatus for transmitting packet data in a forward link of a High Rate Packet Data (HRPD) system is disclosed. The apparatus includes a first transmission processor for modulating physical link packet data according to an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) transmission scheme; a second transmission processor for modulating the physical link packet data according to a Evolution Data Only (EV-DO) transmission scheme; an HRPD-compatible processor for generating a transmission signal based on a slot structure of the HRPD system using one of output signals of the first and second transmission processors, and transmitting the transmission signal to a wireless network; and a controller for controlling transmission of the transmission signal according to a selected one of the OFDM transmission scheme and the EV-DO transmission scheme.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for processing Time Domain Multiplexing Pilot symbols by employing complex accumulators to determine peak values which indicate the start of timing and frequency information. In an embodiment, a method is provided for timing acquisition in a wireless network. The method includes acquiring samples from an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) data packet over a predetermined period of time, where the samples include one or more TDM pilot symbols. The samples are then processed to determine a maximum value that indicates the TDM pilot symbol has been detected.

Abstract: A channel descriptor management message is transmitted on a broadcast connection to a mobile terminal. The channel descriptor management message provides a format for a frame. The frame includes a resource space. The channel descriptor management message defines a plurality of channels within the resource space and allocates at least one of the channels to a plurality of users. Subsequent resource allocation messages may refer to a location within a channel rather than a location within the entire resource space.

Abstract: In at least some embodiments, a system may comprise one or more devices configurable to communicate according to a first protocol that implements a first data packet, and one or more devices configurable to communicate according to a second protocol that implements a second data packet having a predetermined quadrature component. The one or more devices configurable to communicate according to the second protocol associate detection of the predetermined quadrature component with a function that is not supported by the one or more devices that communicate according to the first protocol.

Abstract: A method and an arrangement for obtaining efficient radio resource utilization in a communication network comprising a first communication network entity (10), a second communication network entity (15) connected to said first communication network over a communication interface and one or more user equipments (18) transmitting data to said second communication network entity (15) over a radio interface. The user equipments (18) perform the step of autonomously selecting a hybrid automatic retransmission request (HARQ) operating point in order to efficiently deliver transmitted data.

Abstract: A method for implementing working/standby transmission path includes steps: setting a standby LSP for each physical transmission link in Data Communication Network (DCN); and when the physical transmission link fails, transmitting the packets that need to be transmitted on the physical transmission link to the standby LSP to transfer. The present invention can enhance the packet transmission reliability of DCN and reduce the maintenance workload and complexity of the working/standby transmission path.

Abstract: A method and device of controlling a queue buffer, in which a congestion notification procedure is conducted if a queue length parameter exceeds a threshold value, said threshold value being adapted automatically by a procedure that takes into account a flow control parameter.

Abstract: A system, method, and computer program product for distributed monitoring of local thresholds at each of a number of monitoring nodes and initiating communication only after the locally observed data exceeds the local threshold. Both static thresholds and adaptive thresholds are considered. In the static case, a combination of two alternate strategies for considering thresholds minimizes communication overhead. In the adaptive case, local thresholds are adjusted based on the observed distributions of updated information in the distributed monitoring system. Both approaches yield significant savings over the naïve approach of performing processing at a centralized location.

Abstract: In an electronic communication system, relevance levels of an incoming or outgoing message for presenting it to an interlocutor is measured without having to actually interact with the interlocutor, by a method comprising the steps of extracting from the message, a flow of digital signals pertaining to transmission/reception context features, to content of the message and/or to other interlocutors with the interlocutor; weighting probabilistically the digital signals by means of indicators of relative and interrelated frequencies of occurrences of the same digital signals extracted from previous messages; from the results of the above steps, auto-generating a Bayesian network that allows the interlocutor to obtain a probabilistic prediction on the attractiveness of sent/received signals or messages, or find most probably interested interlocutors for a given information or message, each node of the Bayesian network being associated with a signal.

Abstract: A method for in-place, lightweight Ack packet promotion in a wireless network environment is provided. The method includes receiving a new Ack packet via a wireless network; searching through a transmit queue for an old Ack packet that corresponds to the new Ack packet; and replacing the data in a number field, a checksum field, a window size field, and a timestamp options field of the old Ack packet with data in a number field, a checksum field, a window size field, and a timestamp options field of the new Ack packet.

Abstract: A system and method configures quality-of-service (QoS) in a segment of a network that has multiple segments with an intermediate device between the segments. The network may be a home network for the transmission of audio-video traffic streams between a media server or source, like a personal computer (PC), and a media renderer or sink, like a digital TV, with the intermediate device being a router, bridge or hub connected to its own network segment and located between the source and sink. One of the network devices contains a QoS parameter holder (QPH). After QoS has been configured in the source and sink and the traffic stream established, the intermediate device detects the traffic stream and determines that it needs to set up QoS. The intermediate device queries the QPH with a traffic stream identifier. The QPH finds the traffic descriptor that matches the traffic stream identifier and returns to the intermediate device the traffic descriptor that includes the QoS parameters.

Abstract: A method for controlling data transmission includes setting a respective rate criterion for each of a plurality of interfaces of a network element. Upon conveying a first data packet of a first size via a given interface of the network element at a first time, a time-stamp value is computed based on the first time, the first size and the respective rate criterion that is set for the given interface. A disposition of a second packet for conveyance via the given interface at a second time, subsequent to the first time, is determined responsively to the time-stamp value.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, and data structures embodied in computer-readable media are provided for facilitating access to a service in a network. Title materials are received which include one or more of a first title object, a component of the first title object, or a reference to the first title object. The first title object is a first digital bearer instrument representing at least one right relating to the service, the first title object including a reference to the service. A second title object is identified with reference to a service registry and the reference to the service included in the first title object. The second title object is a second digital bearer instrument with which redemption of the at least one right relating to the service and represented by the first title object may be effected.

Abstract: A method of transmitting data in a communication system. Data packets are transmitted from a first node to a second node on a first channel. An acknowledgement packet is transmitted from the second node to the first node on a second channel in response to receiving a number of packets on the first channel. The number of data packets that the acknowledgment packet is sent in response to is adjustable.

Abstract: A method and system for providing frame start indication in a memory system having indeterminate read data latency. The method includes receiving a data transfer and determining if the data transfer includes a frame start indicator. The method also includes capturing the data transfer and “n” subsequent data transfers in response to determining that the data transfer includes a frame start indicator. The data transfer and the “n” subsequent data transfers comprise a data frame.

Abstract: A versatile power line communication device is provided. One embodiment of the device includes a controller having memory, a first modem in communication with the controller, and a first power line interface including a second modem, wherein the second modem is in communication with the controller. The embodiment may also include a switch communicatively coupled to the controller and having an upstream port and a downstream port. The switch may be configured to communicate data from one of the upstream port to the downstream port, and vice versa, without the data being supplied to the controller. The switch may also have a data port configured to be coupled to high data rate devices such as mobile telephone cell sites.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for performing a Discontinuous Reception (DRX) operation of a connected User Equipment (UE) in a mobile communication system are provided. For a packet service, adjusting an active period length according to the requirements of traffic at a reception time provides a DRX operation. Also, the UE enters into a sleep mode after confirming successful reception of packets including retransmission packets and sending an RLC ACK signal for the packets.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for performing transmission data rate allocation in a high speed wireless communications network. A macro control loop with the network of base stations on one side and all the subscriber stations on the other side. Subscriber station selects a rate based on the amount of data queued for transmission (100). Adjusts this rate based on the available power headroom of the subscriber station (102). This adjusted transmission rate is then adjusted again to account for protection of base stations in the candidate set of the subscriber station (104). This rate is then adjusted in accordance with busy tone signals indicative of the loading conditions of active set base stations of the subscriber station (108). The base stations react to these action by refreshing measurements of their instantaneous traffic load and providing feedback in the form of soft busy tones. The algorithm is named Closed Loop Resource Allocation.