Abstract: Bulk Aluminum Antimonide (AlSb)-based single crystal materials have been prepared for use as ambient (room) temperature X-ray and Gamma-ray radiation detection.

Abstract: An object is to provide an ultraviolet light-emitting device in which a p-type semiconductor which has high conductivity and an emission peak in ultraviolet region, and emits light efficiently is used. The p-type semiconductor is prepared by supplying a p-type impurity raw material at the same time or after starting supply of predetermined types of crystal raw materials, besides before starting supply of other types of crystal raw materials than the predetermined types of crystal raw materials in one cycle wherein all the types of crystal raw materials of the plural types of crystal raw materials are supplied in one time each in case of making crystal growth by supplying alternately the plural types of crystal raw materials in a pulsed manner.

Abstract: A system for depositing a composite polymer dielectric film on a substrate is disclosed, wherein the composite polymer dielectric film includes a low dielectric constant polymer layer disposed between a first silane-containing layer and a second silane-containing layer. The system includes a process module having a processing chamber and a monomer delivery system configured to admit a gas-phase monomer into the processing chamber for deposition of the low dielectric constant polymer layer, a post-treatment module for annealing the composite polymer dielectric film, and a silane delivery system configured to admit a vapor flow containing a silane precursor into at least one of the process module and the post-treatment module for the formation of the first silane-containing layer and the silane-containing layer.

Abstract: Restoring magnetostriction characteristics without causing fusion of rod. By performing heat treatment on a giant magnetostrictive material within the temperature range of 750 to 860° C., working distortion is removed while bleeding of an R-rich phase on a rod surface is prevented.

Abstract: A block of stacked green films provided with internal electrodes is laminated, at least one actuator is separated from the block, the actuator obtains its shape by means of a machining operation, is then sintered, and the sinter skin produced by the sintering is used as an insulating layer. The sinter skin is abraded at the points where the internal electrodes are connected to the external electrodes.

Abstract: A glass structure, such as a mirror facet, having a glass member, a composite structure and a support structure. The composite structure includes a rigid interlayer which is bonded to the glass member and exerts a compressive force thereon to place the glass member in compression. The support structure is used to mount the glass structure and prevents the glass member from collapsing due to the compressive force exerted by the rigid interlayer. The glass structure is particularly well adapted for use in forming heliostats, parabolic dishes, trough concentrators, or other like elements for use in solar power systems, and does not suffer from the limitations or prior forms of such devices.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing filling strips for placement between a surface and a corrugated member wherein the corrugation defines a profile. The method includes: providing a sheet of material having a longitudinal axis and first and second major surfaces; forming at least one cut generally through the sheet, the at least one cut extending generally in a longitudinal direction of the sheet to follow a path that corresponds to the profile, wherein the at least one cut divides this sheet into at least two filling strips each having a corrugated member contacting surface that extends between the first and second major surfaces; and separating the sheet into the at least two filling strips.

Abstract: This invention improves upon existing approaches by providing a method for improving the uniformity of additive manufacturing processes of the type wherein material increments are consolidated to produce a three-dimensional object. According to one aspect of the invention, the method comprises the steps of tacking an increment during the method to minimize creep, then fully consolidating that increment to the underlying material. According to a different aspect of the invention, the method includes a step of steering the welding head or the feeding of the increments to ensure that the relative orientation of the contact line of the welding head as defined by the lowest surface is parallel to the central axis. As yet a further aspect of the invention, a different method includes a step of placing the increment so as to minimize the ratio of deformed to undeformed material. Such placement may be carried out manually over automatically.

Abstract: A continuous digester for producing chemical cellulose pulp from cellulose chips including: a digester vessel with an upper section attached to a top separator and said vessel at least partially filled with the cellulose chips and a liquor; a top separator at least partially in said upper section having a lower chip inlet port, a chip conveyor, a screen adjacent the conveyor, an upper chip discharge chute, and a liquor outlet facing a side of the screen opposite to the conveyor, and a chip inlet conduit extending into the vessel and having a first operational mode in fluid communication with the chip inlet port and a second operational mode in which the chip inlet conduit discharges directly into the vessel.

Abstract: A doctor blade holder comprises upper and lower mutually spaced jaw components defining a slot. A doctor blade is removably retained in the slot, and nozzles in one of the jaw components are arranged to direct fluid under pressure into the slot for application to the doctor blade.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of avoiding corrosion in the separation of methylamine from a product stream (10) which is obtained in the preparation of methylamines by gas-phase reaction of methanol and ammonia and includes monomethylamine, dimethylamine, trimethylamine, ammonia and methanol as components, where ammonia is separated off by pure distillation in a first column (1), the remaining components of the product stream obtained as bottoms (12) are fed to a second column (2). Trimethylamine (14) is separated off in the second column (2) by extractive distillation with introduction of water. The further of the product stream obtained as bottoms (15) from the second column (2) are fed to a third column (3), in which monomethylamine and dimethylamine are separated off at the top. The monomethylamine and dimethylamine are separated by distillation in a fourth column (4). To avoid corrosion alkali metal hydroxide is added to the second or third column (3).

Abstract: Provided is a manufacturing apparatus for a carbon nanotube, including: at least two electrodes whose tips are opposed to each other, and a power supply that applies a voltage between the two electrodes to generate discharge plasma in a discharge area between the two electrodes. By using a porous carbonaceous material for at least one of the two electrodes, it is possible to provide a manufacturing apparatus and method for a carbon nanotube, which are capable of manufacturing at a low cost the carbon nanotube that is inexpensive and has a further higher purity.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of forming an ITO film by optimized sequential sputter deposition of seed and bulk layers having different sputter process conditions, which is applicable to various display devices, and more particularly, to an organic light-emitting device needing an ultra-planarized surface roughness. In forming a transparent conducting electrode of a display device on a transparent substrate with an ITO film including a seed layer and a bulk layer, a method of forming the ITO film includes a first sputter deposition step of forming the ITO film on the substrate with sputtering gas supplied to an ion source at an ambience of oxygen flowing in the vicinity of the substrate and a second sputter deposition step of forming the ITO film with the sputtering gas supplied to the ion source only, wherein the first and second sputter deposition steps have different process conditions, respectively and wherein the seed and bulk layers are deposited by the first or second sputter deposition step.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and apparatus that plates/deposits a conductive material on a semiconductor substrate and then polishes the same substrate. This is achieved by providing multiple chambers in a single apparatus, where one chamber can be used for plating/depositing the conductive material and another chamber can be used for polishing the semiconductor substrate. The plating/depositing process can be performed using brush plating or electro chemical mechanical deposition and the polishing process can be performed using electropolishing or chemical mechanical polishing. The present invention further provides a method and apparatus for intermittently applying the conductive material to the semiconductor substrate and also intermittently polishing the substrate when such conductive material is not being applied to the substrate.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method and apparatus for plating a surface of a semiconductor workpiece (wafer, flat panel, magnetic films, etc.) using a liquid conductor that makes contact with the outer surface of the workpiece. The liquid conductor is stored in a reservoir and pump through an inlet channel to the liquid chamber. The liquid conductor is injected into a liquid chamber such that the liquid conductor makes contact with the outer surface of the workpiece. An inflatable tube is also provided to prevent the liquid conductor from reaching the back face of the workpiece. A plating solution can be applied to the front face of the workpiece where a retaining ring/seal further prevents the plating solution and the liquid conductor from making contact with each other. In an alternative embodiment, electrical contacts may be formed using an inflatable tube that has either been coated with a conductive material or contains a conductive object.

Abstract: An apparatus for industrial wastewater treatment and the electrolytic recovery of metals from solutions is disclosed. It comprises two or more plates with electricity conducting surfaces arranged in parallel and separated by insulating gaskets, two heads and a hydraulic ram or other mechanical means to press the group of plates between the heads. Plates and gaskets pressed together form chambers where metal recovery and other electrochemical reactions take place. Holes bored on the plates or on the gaskets separating them allow the solutions to flow in and out of the chambers. The solutions in the chambers close the electrical circuit between the conducting surfaces of the plates and allow an electrical current to flow from one plate to the other closing also a circuit between the terminals of an electrical current source.

Abstract: A bio-separation system using an efficient, compact, portable, interchangeable, reusable, recyclable, multi-channel cartridge, has integrated pre-aligned optics and an integrated reagent reservoir. The cartridge supports, for example, multiple capillaries for CE separation. An integrated reservoir containing a separation support medium (e.g., a gel buffer) is common to all capillaries. The chemistry of the medium and the characteristics of the capillaries (e.g., capillary size, coating and length) are defined for each cartridge. Different cartridges can be easily interchanged in the bio-separation system to suit the particular sample based separation. The reservoir is coupled to an air pressure pump that pressurizes the gel reservoir to purge and fill the capillaries with buffer as the separation support medium.

Abstract: Various traveling wave grids and related systems are disclosed that are particularly beneficial for the separation, transport, and focusing of biomolecules or other charged species. An implementation of a vertically integrated traveling wave module is described which allows for scalability to arbitrary gel dimensions through tiling. In addition, several unique traveling wave algorithms are also described which when used in conjunction with the traveling wave grids, impart selective motion to biomolecules or other charged species.

Abstract: An electroplating bath medium for electroplating articles with a tin-cobalt, tin-nickel, or tin-cobalt-nickel alloy comprises: at least one tin salt; an alloying metal salt comprising a cobalt salt and/or a nickel salt; a complexant comprising a hydroxycarboxylic acid or alkali metal salt thereof such as a sodium or potassium gluconate or heptonate complexant; boric acid; and a bath soluble substituted phenolic compound. The current regime applied to the plating bath can include time intervals of direct current and of pulsed current in order to selectively control the deposition of tin by activation or diffusion control.

Abstract: Composite coating compositions, composite metallic coatings derived from these compositions, and methods of forming the composite coating compositions and composite metallic coatings, wherein the compositions and coatings comprise particles of at least one quasicrystalline metal alloy and at least one elemental metal. The methods include electrocodepositing suspended quasicrystalline metal alloy particles and dissolved metal ions onto a substrate. Preferably, the substrate is disposed in an aqueous bath containing at least one dissolved metal ion species and at least one suspended quasicrystalline metal alloy powder species. The compositions and coatings enhance the wear, friction, hardness, corrosion, and non-stick characteristics of the substrate.

Abstract: Substantially uniform deposition of conductive material on a surface of a substrate, which substrate includes a semiconductor wafer, from an electrolyte containing the conductive material can be provided by way of a particular device which includes first and second conductive elements. The first conductive element can have multiple electrical contacts, of identical or different configurations, or may be in the form of a conductive pad, and can contact or otherwise electrically interconnect with the substrate surface over substantially all of the substrate surface. Upon application of a potential between the first and second conductive elements while the electrolyte makes physical contact with the substrate surface and the second conductive element, the conductive material is deposited on the substrate surface. It is possible to reverse the polarity of the voltage applied between the anode and the cathode so that electro-etching of deposited conductive material can be performed.

Abstract: A method of measuring localized corrosion, using a multi-electrode array sensor. The method eliminates the effect of internal current in corroded electrodes, and thus provides a more accurate corrosion measurement. In one embodiment, the potential of a common node of the sensor is adjusted so that the sensor's most cathodic current is close to zero.

Abstract: A gas sensor based on solid electrolyte is proposed for measuring a gas component in a gas mixture, having at least one sensitive region, which has a first means for producing a reaction gas from an additional gas component of the gas mixture. A second means is situated in the sensitive region of the gas sensor, using which the residual content of the reaction gas may be determined, after a reaction that takes place between the reaction gas and the gas component to be measured.

Abstract: Sulfur is removed from a hydrocarbon fuel via contact with a desulfurization agent; the desulfurization agent is then regenerated (wherein sulfur is released) by exposing it to oxygen. The sulfur removal and regeneration processes each can be carried out at relatively moderate temperatures, e.g., from 300 to 600° C., and pressure, e.g., about 0.79 to about 3.5 MPa; and the desulfurization agent can include a transition metal oxide, such as molybdenum oxide. The process can also include the additional steps of cracking the hydrocarbon, separating high-boiling and low-boiling fractions from the reaction product and contacting the lower-boiling fraction with a secondary desulfurization agent.

Abstract: A process for treating a crude containing natural gas comprising supplying the crude to a stabilization unit to obtain a gaseous stream and crude oil; supplying a compressed, gaseous stream at a low temperature to the bottom of a first column; partly condensing the first gaseous overhead stream, returning the liquid phase to the first column and supplying the methane-rich stream to a liquefaction plant; supplying an expanded bottom stream at a low temperature to the top of a second column; removing from the top of the second column second gaseous overhead stream, and removing from the bottom of the second column a liquid bottom stream; vaporizing part of the bottom stream and introducing the vapor into the bottom of the second column; and introducing the remainder of the bottom stream into a crude oil stream at an appropriate point in or upstream of the stabilization unit, wherein the amount of heat removed from the first gaseous overhead stream is so adjusted that the concentration of C5+ in the first gaseou

Abstract: A filtering device for a gravity-flow liquid treatment system includes a first filter component that can be either exposed or adjacent to a substantially transparent region in at least a portion of a filter housing. The first filter component is capable of providing a visual indication of exposure to at least one contaminant. The contaminants for which the first filter component can indicate exposure include particles, inorganic, and organic contamination. Particle contamination is indicated by a change in color of the first filter component through particle collection. Inorganic and organic contaminants are indicated by reaction with at least one agent capable of undergoing a color-change reaction in response to at least one contaminant.

Abstract: A device for diverting the flow of liquid in a wastewater treatment system in flow communication with effluent returning from a recirculating treatment section and in flow communication with a discharge line for removing a portion of treated effluent to a receiving body. The device also has openings for returning a percentage of the effluent back to the wastewater treatment system. A valve operatively responsive to a float in the treatment system whereby when the effluent level in the system falls below a critical point, all of the effluent is recirculated back into the treatment system and when the effluent level rises sufficiently a percentage of cleaned effluent exits the system.

Abstract: A temporary trap having baskets and optionally filters in the baskets used in conjunction with inlets for sewer systems to keep debris, oils or chemicals from being washed into the sewer during construction of roads and sewers. The trap is a box, typically rectangular, square or round, with baskets having a plurality of holes therein for allowing water to pass therethrough while trapping debris therein. The trap is inserted into a inlet by lifting the grate off the inlet frame, inserting the trap and then replacing the grating. After a rain the baskets and filters may be cleaned out and reused or replaced. When the construction project is finished the grate is lifted off the inlet frame and the trap removed. The trap has an overflow opening in case the trap becomes clogged.

Abstract: A skimmer device for cleaning the surface of a body of liquid having a housing with a front and rear opening. Disposed within the housing is at least one float, a removable tray, and a battery powered motor with an attached propeller. Attached to the exterior of the housing is a guide fin and a net.

Abstract: A fryer filtration arrangement utilizes certain automated components.

Abstract: A wastewater treatment and dispersal system wherein wastewater will stand until it has a BOD of less than about 125 mg/l. The dispersal field may comprise inner and outer conduits, an inner conduit and a permeable outer cover, or a trough and an enclosure.

Abstract: A filtering apparatus having a vessel and a filter made from fluororesin and treated before filtering operation by at least one of adding thermal treatment in gas or liquid and penetrating with fluid composed of hot water or steam at a temperature of less than melting point of the fluororesin.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of arsenic free water and an apparatus therefor. The present invention also relates to a porous ceramic useful for pressure filtration in order to produce arsenic free water. The present invention particularly relates to a process for preparing arsenic free (<10 ppb) water from arsenic contaminated ground water and apparatus therefor.

Abstract: The invention provides novel compositions, columns and methods for improved chromatographic separations. In particular, novel column packings are provided to improve overall chromatographic separation and efficiency. The invention provides a packing material having particles or mixtures of particles that are used for separation of small molecules, proteins or nucleic acids.

Abstract: A system for treating wastewater includes a basin to contain wastewater, an aerator provided in the basin to mix the wastewater, and a cover system to cover a surface of the wastewater contained in the basin. The cover system includes a plurality of hollow bodies disposed on the surface of the wastewater. Each hollow body is adapted to float on the wastewater's surface, and has a contiguous outer surface and a sufficient mass so that 30 to 70 percent of the hollow body's outer surface is exposed to atmosphere during use. A method of treating wastewater is further disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process and apparatus for separating blood plasma, having a mixing unit in the form of a first injection having a first connecting tube and a first piston to provide a compartment for a mixture composed of plasma to be separated and the protein-precipitating agent; a separating unit composed of a filtering tube for separating and preserving a solid material after separation. The filtering tube includes a third connecting tube a filter and a third piston, the third connecting tube communicates with the fourth injection tube having a fourth piston for receiving a separated liquid; and a storage unit in the form of a fifth injection tube having a fifth connecting tube, a second connecting valve and a fifth piston.

Abstract: The invention is a granular media filter for in-line liquid applications that allows media as fine as 44 micron to be used to increase the removal of contaminants from the liquid with adequate flows consisting of a specific arrangement. A flow distributor has a non-woven fiber web welded to it; followed by a mixture of fine particle media (finer than 20×50 mesh); followed by a compressible chlorine resistant open cell polyurethane foam, then a 5 micron rated meltblown fiber tube attached to the outlet end by melt adhesive on one end and closed with a plastic plug on the other end. The foam can be either polyurethane or polyolefin, and it can be either open cell foam, or reticulated and open cell foam. A preferred embodiment includes within the fine particle media 10% by weight of flow-enhancing antimicrobial plastic pellets, about 4-5 mm in diameter and having an aspect ratio of 2-3, the pellets encapsulating an antimicrobial additive.

Abstract: A filtration assembly for filtering polymer fluids at varying flow rates includes at least two filter housing assemblies releasably attached to a filter support or main block. Polymer fluid is delivered to the filter housing assemblies via an inlet passage in the main block, and filtered polymer fluid is transported from the filter housing assemblies to an outlet passage in the main block. One end of each filter housing assembly is attached to the main block and includes an inlet port for receiving polymer fluid from the inlet passage and an outlet port for delivering filtered polymer fluid to the outlet passage. A single valve disposed on the main block selectively alternates fluid flow between the main block and each filter housing assembly.

Abstract: In a covered wastewater reservoir, a gas passage is defined under the membrane cover and along the sides of the reservoir. An accumulation of bio-gases is held captive between the membrane cover and the liquid surface in a central region of the reservoir relative to the gas passage, by a flap-valve attachment condition extending between the accumulation of bio-gases and the gas passage. The new method for breaking this flap-valve attachment condition and for allowing bio-gases to flow from the accumulation of bio-gases toward the gas passage, consists of periodically and momentarily increasing a pressure in the gas passage to equal or to slightly exceed a pressure in the accumulation of bio-gases. In another aspect, the membrane cover is provided with a stiff and rough-surfaced bottom layer to facilitate the breaking of flap-valve attachment conditions when the pressure under the cover is made equal everywhere.

Abstract: A system and method for the treatment and reduction of sludge via ozonation in a wastewater treatment process is disclosed. The sludge treatment system comprises: a sludge ozonation reactor coupled to an activated sludge treatment basin and adapted to receive a liquid stream of sludge containing biosolids from the activated sludge treatment basin. The sludge treatment system also includes an ozone-enriched gas injection system operatively coupled to the reactor and adapted to inject ozone-enriched gas into the liquid stream at or upstream of the sludge ozonation reactor. The sludge ozonation reactor is configured to allow effective gas-liquid contacting between the ozone-enriched gas and the liquid stream so as to oxidize the biosolids in the liquid stream and initiate bacterial cell lysis thereby reducing the biosolids. Upon reduction of the biosolids, the liquid stream is returned via a return line to the activated sludge basin or other discharge point.

Abstract: Method and apparatus (8) in which a biomass is carried on a substrate which is fluidised. The fluidised substrate has below it a lazer of distributor particles through which the fluidising medium passes prior to contact with the fluidised substrate and biomass associated therewith. The effect of the distributor layer is that the particles damp out excessive turbulence in the fluidising medium thus preventing undue turbulence of the medium within the fluidised layer. This has the advantage of controlling, to some extent, the thickness of the biofilm, which may be carried by the fluidised substrate particles. The particles may be recycles (1, 2, 5) through the distributor layer where the action of the distributor particles serve to strip exces biofilm from the substrate particles which latter are then returned to the fluidised bed.

Abstract: A method for treating wastewater. The method comprises: providing a first dose of air to aerate a medium bed; supplying a dose of wastewater to the aerated medium bed; allowing nitrification of the wastewater to occur; allowing denitrification to occur; and providing a subsequent dose of air to the medium bed. A combined aerobic and anaerobic treatment apparatus. The apparatus comprises: a medium bed; a wastewater conduit in fluid communication with the medium bed; an air conduit in fluid communication with the medium bed; and where the combined aerobic and anaerobic treatment apparatus is configured to first allow a dose of wastewater in the medium bed to undergo a nitrification process which is generally aerobic, and then second allow the dose of wastewater in the medium bed to undergo a denitrification process which is generally anaerobic. An apparatus for treating wastewater.

Abstract: Processes for the treatment of organic waste are disclosed comprising digesting organic waste under anaerobic conditions so as to convert at least a portion of the organic waste and produce a clear decant and a mixture of biomass and unconverted organic compounds, returning at least a portion of the mixture of biomass and unconverted organic compounds to the digesting step so as to control the system net growth rate therein, partially oxidizing at least a portion of the mixture of biomass and unconverted organic compounds to produce a conditioned effluent therein, and returning the conditioned effluent to the digesting step.

Abstract: Methods and systems for removing perchiorate from water are disclosed which involve the use of a plurality of vessels containing an ion exchange resin having affinity for perchiorate ions, and in which perchiorate-contaminated water is passed over the resin in some but not all of the plurality of vessels operating in parallel to one another thereby removing perchlorate ion from the water stream and generating reduced perchlorate content product water streams and in which a subset of the plurality of vessels is removed from service, their resin is removed and replaced and they are returned to service.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions and methods for the removal of toxic metals or radionuclides from source materials. Toxic metals may be removed from source materials using a clay, such as attapulgite or highly cationic bentonite, and chitin or chitosan. Toxic metals may also be removed using volcanic ash alone or in combination with chitin or chitosan. Radionuclides may be removed using volcanic ash alone or in combination with chitin or chitosan.

Abstract: A process for mitigating the pollution caused by a potential polluting agent comprises binding the potential polluting agent with a product obtained by calcining skeletal material and hydrating the calcined skeletal material.

Abstract: A device for transporting magnetic or magnetizable microbeads (25) in a capillary chamber (14) comprises a permanent magnet (10) or an electromagnet (11) for subjecting the capillary chamber to a substantially uniform magnetic field, to apply a permanent magnetic moment to the microbeads (25). At least one planar coil (22) and preferably an array of overlapping coils are located adjacent to the capillary chamber (14) for applying a complementary magnetic field on the microbeads parallel or antiparallel to said substantially uniform magnetic field, to drive the microbeads. An arrangement is provided for switching the current applied to the coil(s) (22) to invert the field produced thereby, to selectively apply an attractive or repulsive driving force on the microbeads (25). The device is usable to transport microbeads for performing chemical and biochemical reactions or assay, as is done for instance in clinical chemistry assays for medical diagnostic purposes.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for desalination of seawater (5, 30) and separation of CO2 from exhaust (77) from a gas turbine (7). LNG (4) is fed into a heat exchanger (6) in which it receives heat from seawater (5) and heat from steam (27) from an exhaust boiler, and heat from combustion air (3) via a line to an air inlet (33) of said gas turbine (7), for evaporating LNG (4) to gas which is fed to a gas export module (10) and to a fuel gas skid (8) for supplying said gas turbine (7) with fuel. Thus said combustion air (3, 28) at the air inlet to said gas turbine (7) obtains a lowered temperature and increases an efficiency of said gas turbine (7). Said CO2-rich exhaust gas (77) from said gas turbine (7) is fed into a process unit (17) having an inlet (35a) with a fan (35b) and an outlet for CO2-reduced exhaust (13). Said cooled seawater from said heat exchanger (6) is fed into said process unit (17) via a coaxial feed pipe (67) for seawater and NH4OH arranged in said process unit (17).

Abstract: A method is disclosed, which is capable of subjecting microorganisms to sterilizing or bacteriostatic treatment with good efficiency as compared with the conventional sterilizing or bacteriostatic method using a noble metal electrode. Microorganism-containing water to be treated is electrochemically treated using an anode having conductive diamond to bring the microorganism into contact with the anode, thereby undergoing sterilization. Since the conductive diamond has a high oxidation potential as compared with other electrode substances, direct oxidation reaction due to contact between a microorganism in water to be treated, such as Legionella bacteria, and the anode surface occurs strongly as compared with other electrodes, thereby enabling effective sterilization. The conductive diamond has a high ability to generate ozone and has an excellent formation efficiency with respect to the generation of hydrogen peroxide and radicals. Accordingly, an indirect sterilizing effect can also be expected.

Abstract: A fluid treatment system for reducing odor, bacteria, and biological oxygen demand from a fluid having at least one tube, a control box, and a pump. The at least one tube has a plurality of conductors in electrical communication with the control box. The control box controls the level of electrical communication to the plurality of conductors and the flow rate of the pump. The principle use is for biomass material derived from animals, however other fluids will benefit from this invention. For example, fluids derived from plants and humans will benefit from this application.