Abstract: In certain embodiments, the invention comprises a backing plate for accommodating large area sputtering targets is disclosed. The backing plate assembly has cavities carved into the back surface of the backing plate. The backing plate may further include cooling channels that run through the backing plate to control the temperature of the backing plate and the target. The cavities may be filled with a material that has a lower density than the backing plate. Additionally, the entire back surface may be covered with the material to produce a smooth surface upon which a magnetron may move during a PVD process.

Abstract: A cryopump includes a thermal shield where a first panel 56 is provided; and a cryocooler connected to the thermal shield; wherein the thermal shield is divided into a plurality of members including a first member and a second member; the first member forms a thermal path between the first condensing panel and the cryocooler; the second member does not form the thermal path; the first member is made of a material having a thermal conductivity higher than a thermal conductivity of a material of the second member; and a material, having a heat capacity smaller that a heat capacity of the first member in a case where the heat capacity of the first member and the heat capacity of the second member are compared with each other under the conditions of the same volumes, is used as the material of the second member.

Abstract: A wet chemical processing chamber comprising a fixed unit, a detachable unit releasably coupled to the fixed unit, a seal contacting the fixed unit and the detachable unit, and a processing component disposed in the fixed unit and/or the detachable unit. The fixed unit can have a first flow system configured to direct a processing liquid through the fixed unit and a mounting fixture for fixedly attaching the fixed unit to a platform or deck of an integrated processing tool. The detachable unit can include a second flow system configured to direct the processing liquid to and/or from the first flow system of the fixed unit. The seal has an orifice through which processing liquid can flow between the first and second flow systems, and the processing component can impart a property to the processing liquid for processing a surface on a microfeature workpiece having submicron microfeatures.

Abstract: An apparatus for supporting anodes above a cathode in an electrolysis cell comprising a superstructure, an anode beam to which a plurality of individual anodes 24 are attached, each anode having an anode stem 26 for attachment to the anode beam by a main clamp 54, the anode beam being adjustably mounted to the superstructure, an auxiliary clamp 56 for each anode stem 26, and at least one electrical beam 50 supported by the superstructure, the electrical beam 50 having connectors 52 providing electrical connection between the electrical beam 50 and the anode stems 26.

Abstract: The invention generally provides a ground shield for use in a physical vapor deposition (PVD) chamber. In one embodiment, a ground shield includes a generally cylindrical body comprising an outer wall, an inner upper wall, an inner lower wall having a diameter less than a diameter of the inner upper wall and a reentrant feature coupling the upper and inner lower walls. The reentrant feature advantageously prevents arching between the shield and target, which promotes greater process uniformity and repeatability along with longer chamber component service life.

Abstract: Provided is a method of manufacturing a nanoplate diamond. In the method, nanotemplates having a plurality of holes are provided, and nanoplate diamonds are formed in the holes of the nanotemplate using an electrochemical method. After that, the nanotemplate is removed to separate the nanoplate diamonds from it.

Abstract: The disclosed techniques involve electrical separation systems that allow recovery of species from feedstreams, typically aqueous solutions. The disclosed techniques can also provide electrical separation systems having reduced tendency to form scale especially when water is being purified to reduce the concentration of hardness-causing species.

Abstract: A micropump utilizes electrically controlled interfacial tension between a mercury column and an electrolyte solution in a capillary tube, and also uses the gas pressure in a confined chamber connected to the capillary tube as the restoring pressure. Accordingly, the pump operates without generating external jitter or noise, in vertical, horizontal, or in any orientation against the gravitational force. In this manner, the flow rate of the pumped fluid can be widely and conveniently controlled. Further, the micropump is small in size and simple in construction, and needs extremely small power consumption.

Abstract: A manufacturing process of an embedded type flexible or rigid printed circuit board includes multiple steps. First, a layer of dry film is applied to a layer of copper foil. Then a circuit pattern is formed on the copper foil through photolithography processes. An etching stop layer is electroplated on the copper foil according to the circuit pattern. The etching stop layer is then electroplated with copper. The copper foil is softened by a high temperature process after removing the dry film. Then the layer of the copper foil is etched after coating with an organic layer and the organic layer is solidified.

Abstract: Epoxy resin compositions which comprise (A) an epoxy resin having two or more epoxy groups in one molecule, (B) a phenolic curing agent having an average content ratio of hydroxyl group in one molecule (P) of 0<P<1, and (C) a polyvinyl acetal resin are useful for an insulating layer of a multi-layer printed wiring board, which can afford an insulating layer (interlayer insulating layer) whose roughened surface shows a high cohesive force to a plated conductor, even though the roughness of the roughened surface after a roughening treatment is comparatively small

Abstract: A method is shown for phosphating metal layers by electrolytic deposition from acid aqueous solutions which contain at least zinc ions and phosphate ions, while simultaneously applying direct current. Simultaneously with the depositing of the phosphating layer, an electrolytic deposition of zinc takes place in the same electrolyte. The current density, in this context, is in the range of>A/dm2.

Abstract: Disclosed relates to a method for preparing tantalum or niobium powders used for manufacturing capacitors in an electrolytic reducing reactor including an anode, a cathode and a molten salt, the method comprising: obtaining a tantalum or niobium oxide, expressed by Ta2O(5-y) or Nb2O(5-y) where y=2.5 to 4.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for retaining electrolyte on a rotating platen using directional air flow is provided. In one embodiment, an apparatus for processing a substrate is provided. The apparatus includes a platen assembly having a surface for supporting a processing pad and disposed on a stationary base so that the platen assembly may rotate relative to the base; and an air knife coupled to the base and extended over a portion of the surface, the air knife operable to deliver a stream of air toward the pad to divert at least a portion of a fluid disposed on the pad toward a center of the pad.

Abstract: Polishing compositions and methods for removing conductive materials from a substrate surface are provided. In one aspect, a composition includes an acid based electrolyte system, one or more chelating agents, one or more corrosion inhibitors, one or more inorganic or organic acid salts, one or more pH adjusting agents to provide a pH between about 2 and about 10, a polishing enhancing material selected from the group of abrasive particles, one or more oxidizers, and combinations thereof, and a solvent. The composition may be used in an conductive material removal process including disposing a substrate having a conductive material layer formed thereon in a process apparatus comprising an electrode, providing the composition between the electrode and substrate, applying a bias between the electrode and the substrate, and removing conductive material from the conductive material layer.

Abstract: Cathodic protection of a structure including a steel member at least partly buried in a covering layer, such as steel rebar in a concrete structure, is provided by embedding sacrificial anodes into the concrete layer at spaced positions over the layer and connecting the anodes to the rebar. The anode body is formed, by pressing together finely divided powder, flakes or fibers of a sacrificial anode material such as zinc to define a porous body having pores therein. The sacrificial anode material of the anode member is directly in contact with the covering material by being buried or inserted as a tight fit into a drilled hole so that any expansion forces therefrom would be applied to the concrete with the potential of causing cracking. The pores are arranged however such that corrosion products from corrosion of the anode body are received into the pores sufficiently to prevent expansion of the anode body to an extent which would cause cracking of the covering material.

Abstract: A process for recovering a target metal from an oxidised metalliferous material comprises the steps of: in an acid generation stage, adding sulfuric acid to a solution comprising a metal halide to generate an acidic aqueous halide solution; in a leaching stage that is separate to the acid generation stage, leaching the oxidised metalliferous material with the acidic aqueous halide solution to leach the target metal into solution; passing the solution from the leaching stage to a target metal recovery stage in which the target metal is recovered from the solution whilst the metal halide is retained in solution; and returning the solution with the metal halide therein from the target metal recovery stage to the acid generation stage.

Abstract: There is described a counter-electrode arrangement that, e.g. can be used when coating and removing coatings from turbine blades, and to a method for the operation thereof. The counter-electrode arrangement comprises a reference electrode arrangement that is connected to the counter-electrode in an electrically non-conductive manner via contact elements. During the treatment process, a balanced potential over the surface to be treated is created by adapting the reference electrode arrangement, which as individual electrodes, to a surface to be treated. In a method for operating the counter-electrode arrangement, a measuring current can be applied to this arrangement in a first step for creating a balanced potential. The individual electrodes of the reference electrode arrangement can be separately contacted in order to determine the respective local potential on the surface of the component to be treated.

Abstract: An analysis system for determining one or more operating conditions of a metal electrolysis cell and for facilitating a response is provided. The analysis system comprises a bath probe electrically interconnected to a portable computing device. The bath probe generates signals associated with temperature measurements produced from thermal communication with an electrolysis cell bath. The portable computing device may receive these signals and generate data based thereon. The data may be transformed into operating condition information relating to the electrolysis cell.

Abstract: Determination of an analyte such as glucose in a sample is done making use of a plurality of electron transfer reagents, for example two electron transfer reagents, that work together to transfer electrons between the enzyme and the electrodes. The first electron transfer agent is a mediator that interacts with the enzyme after it has acted on the analyte to regenerate enzyme in its active form. The second electron transfer agent is a shuttle that interacts with the electrodes and optionally the mediator. The oxidation and reduction of the shuttle serves as the major source of current that is measured as an indication of analyte.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention relate to a fluid enclosure including a structural filler and an outer enclosure wall conformably coupled to the structural filler. Embodiments of the present invention further relate to a method of manufacturing a fluid enclosure. The method includes conformably coupling an outer enclosure wall to a structural filler.

Abstract: A hydrogen storage composition comprises a particulate alloy comprising grains of magnesium, wherein the grain boundaries contain phases comprising nickel and at least one non-nickel transition metal, wherein the nickel is present at levels of ?5 wt % based on the composition as a whole, and wherein the at least one non-nickel transition metal is present at levels of ?0.5 wt % based on the composition as a whole.

Abstract: A jewelry box includes a base, a top cover pivotally mounted on the base, and a video/audio player mounted in the top cover. Thus, the jewelry box has a storage function and a video/audio playing function so as to attract the consumer's interest, thereby enhancing the amusement effect of the jewelry box. In addition, the user can hear the sound from the video/audio player by the horns or the earphone, thereby enhancing the versatility of the jewelry box, and thereby facilitating the user operating the video/audio player of the jewelry box.

Abstract: According to the present application, a medical package including a container (1) and a medical component (6), in particular a dental implant component, is disclosed. Said container (1) in a closed position thereof forms a component compartment (2) for said medical component (6) and an access channel (5) for an external instrument. Said access channel (5) is dimensioned to prevent said component (6) from passing through the access channel (5) and to allow said instrument to be inserted through the channel (5) and brought into engagement with the component (6) while the container (1) is in its closed position. Said container (1) is transferable to an open position while maintaining said engagement of the external instrument with the component (6), and said component (6), in the open position of said container (1), is removable from the container (1) by said external instrument.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for blocking a bar code in a package includes a carrier with a plurality of apertures. The carrier is formed with a plastic material containing an absorbing dye and a fluorescing dye so that a bar code on each container is not readable by a bar code scanner.

Abstract: We describe a carrier which seeks to prevent containers, such as bottles, located in compartments at open ends of the carrier from slipping out of the carrier. We also describe a carrier in which adjacently located bottles are prevented from contacting into each other. We further describe a carrier in which sliding movement of a loaded carrier across a surface is minimised.

Abstract: A carrier for holding a plurality of containers. The carrier has panels that extend at least partially around an interior of the carrier. The panels comprise at least one bottom panel, a front panel, a back panel, and at least two side panels. A divider flap is foldably attached to the back panel and the front panel. The side panels, the back panel, the divider flap, and the front panel are arranged to at least partially define at least two container-receiving spaces of the interior.

Abstract: Cigarettes are stored in one or more reservoirs (6) at a customer location. A computer receives customer orders and transmits them to a dispenser. Upon receipt of a customer order, a pre-selected number of cigarettes are automatically removed from the reservoir(s) by the dispenser and then automatically packed in a container by a packer comprising a collation mandrel (22) which is moveable relative to the dispenser. A preferred type of substantially air-tight, self-sealing container has a lid portion (68), a body portion (50) and a collar (58), which is mounted within the body portion (50). The body portion (50) is provided with one or more upwardly extending protrusions (56) on the upper surface of the base thereof. An air and moisture impermeable membrane (60) is sealed about the upper periphery of the collar (58).

Abstract: A camera storage apparatus adapted for engagement to a user having a case formed by two elastically engaged sidewalls. An aperture provides access for the camera to an interior cavity and a projection creates a restraint for the camera while in the interior cavity. The elastic edgewall may be stretched by the user to remove or insert the camera into the interior cavity past the projection. A lip extending past the aperture and over the body of the user provides a guide for the camera into the interior cavity so the user need not look at the device during insertion and removal of the camera.

Abstract: A storage container for a paint roller sleeve which includes a flexible, resilient tubular housing and a cap which can be snap-fitted thereon for removably storing the sleeve therein. Sealed on one end, the housing defines a reservoir for holding excess paint. Distal from the sealed end, the housing terminates in a built-in funnel for ease of insertion of the sleeve. The sides of the tubular housing include at least one section that is easily collapsible inwardly and can be pressed against the stored sleeve when the user grasps the housing. This collapsible section in the sidewalls of the housing has teeth-like projections, which allow the user to engage and hold the sleeve in such a way that it can be pulled free from the roller without hand contact. When a painter is taking a break or through for the day, he can place the sleeve in the housing and close the cap. He can then come back and finish the work the following hour, day or year without any need to clean the sleeve.

Abstract: A toolbox with at least one preview window comprises a body having a receiving portion for receiving at least one tool; and at least one preview window for viewing objects in the receiving portion. The preview window can be installed at a front plate of a drawer or a lateral surface of the body or a top surface of the body. The receiving portion may be a single space or a plurality of sub-spaces which are spaced by at least one spacer. A bottom of the body has at least one wheel. Furthermore, a lower side of the front plate of each drawer may be formed with a slot. The user can pull the drawer by inserting a hand into the slot.

Abstract: A paper roll having a non-slip surface on the end(s) of the roll, particularly large paper rolls such as those from a paper making processes. A header, having a non-slip coating on one side and an adhesive coating on the other side is applied to end(s) of the rolled paper. Microencapsulated materials are one suitable class of non-slip materials. The non-slip surface on the header improves stability of the roll, when stood on end, during transport, such as in cargo trucks.

Abstract: An array of feminine hygiene articles wherein each feminine hygiene articles is associated with a specific color coding. The feminine hygiene articles have a primary package and individually wrapped absorbent articles. The color coding is present on the primary package and on the adhesive tape fastener of the individual wrapper.

Abstract: A container for transportation and/or storage of items is in the form of an enclosure having a securing arrangement with an upright restraint configured to be advanced and retracted across the width of the container for holding the items in an upright orientation; and/or access to the enclosure provided through an uppermost portion and end portion of the container, and a movable side panel proximate an end of the container; and/or spaced slide elements extending in the direction of the width of the container, in the region of the bottom of the container.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a stackable container for items, such as food, comprising a base and lid with secure sealing mechanisms. Each of the base and lid comprises corresponding three rims and three edges being mateable to provide multiple layers of sealing mechanisms to ensure durable sealing. The lid further comprises a sealing lip for locking the lid onto the base and for providing another layer of sealing. Each of the base and lid further comprises partially planar raised portions and further raised portion around the outer perimeter of the planar raised portions for providing stable stacking mechanism. The lid further comprises a tab for assisting a user to open the lid without spoilage.

Abstract: A nestable shipping container including side walls, a bottom wall, and an open top is disclosed. The nestable shipping container has a geometry which permits insertion into and reception of similarly shaped containers to facilitate empty shipment and storage in a minimum amount of space. The nestable shipping container may be manufactured by a cold working method from a single blank of material. The containers may be manufactured to meet the performance criteria required of international commerce shipping drums.

Abstract: A foldable air cushion includes a main air tube piece composed by a main body and buffer walls; and side air tube pieces configured adjacent to the main air tube piece and each composed by a side body and folding portions. A bending line is configured between the main body and the buffer walls, and the side body and the folding portions. A folding line is configured between the main air tube piece and the side air tube pieces, while the folding areas are configured on the side air tube piece adjacent to the intersection of the bending line and the folding line. When the main air tube piece is bended along the bending line, the side bodies of the side air tube pieces are folding along the folding areas, and the side air tube pieces are folded along the folding line, a containing space will be formed between the main air tube piece and the side air tube pieces.

Abstract: A package structure including a carton, a foam bag and a cushion is provided. The foam bag is disposed inside the carton for enclosing a product. The cushion is disposed between the carton and the foam bag. The package structure utilizes the foam bag around the product to provide a better protection, thereby reducing the volume of the cushion and that of the package structure.

Abstract: According to the preferred embodiment, a rack (10) is provided to stock medication containers (16). The medication rack (10) has a base (12) and a perpendicular partition (14) that splits the base (12) by the middle. On both sides of the base (12), a plurality of cavities (15) that match the bottom portion of medication containers (16) are provided for pegging the containers (16) into a position. A paper chart (30) is further provided, including imprinted indicia and medication-related information (31). The chart (30) folds in half and drapes over the partition (14), covering both sides of the partition (14). A clear cover (18), made of a material such as clear plastic, is positioned over the chart (30). The cover (18) matches the contour of the partition (14), and snaps into the base (12) of the rack (10).

Abstract: According to the preferred embodiment, as depicted in FIG. 1, a rack (10) is provided to stock medication containers (16). The rack (10) includes a base (12) and a perpendicular partition (14) that splits base (12) by the middle and into two sides. One tower (20) is provided at each diagonal end of base (12). A label (25) with indicia (26) and medication-related information (27) is provided on a face panel (21) of each tower (20). On both sides of base (12), a plurality of cavities (15) that match the shape of the bottom of medication containers (16) is provided for stocking medication containers (16). Accordingly, the medication containers (16) fit into cavities (15) within base (12), and are keyed into alignment so that a flat surface (28) of the medication containers (16) faces outwards of rack (10), and so that the flat surface (28) of medication containers (16) aligns with face panel (21) of the towers (20).

Abstract: A self-opening bag pack includes a plurality of stacked thermoplastic film bags, each of the bags have longitudinal side gussets and a U-shaped cut-out in an upper portion of the bag forming an open mouth portion and a pair of bag handles. The front and rear walls of each of said bags are corona treated to improve adhesion. An impact line is located immediately adjacent at least a portion of the U-shaped cutout and adheres the rear wall of a first bag in the bag pack to the front wall of a subsequent bag in the pack. Hanging apertures attach the bag pack to a dispensing rack. When the pack is attached to the rack and the first bag is pulled outwardly from the pack, the front wall of a subsequent bag will be adhered to the rear wall of the first bag, thereby causing the first bag to open.

Abstract: A waver transportable container (1) includes a container body (2), which is capable of storing a plurality of wafers (33) and has one end an opening portion (2a), and a door body (3) capable of fitting to the opening portion (2a) of the container body (2) in a detachable manner; a guide rib (17) for positioning is provided in an outside portion of the door body (2), and a positioning rib (22), which engages with the guide rib (17) to position the door body (3), is provided in an outside portion of the container body (2).

Abstract: The present invention provides a packaging assembly for displaying and shipping a packaged product, the packaging assembly comprising a display pack having one or more product chambers for containing the packaged product and a box that houses the display pack, the box including a front panel having a product window disposed therein for revealing the packaged products contained within the display pack, wherein the front panel includes a lip around a perimeter of the product window that prevents the display pack from being removed from the box through the product window.

Abstract: deposition in a formation, wellbore, near wellbore region, and production tubing. Compositions of the invention comprise an asphaltene solvent and a viscosity reducing agent, the asphaltene solvent and viscosity reducing agent present in a ratio so as to substantially reduce viscosity of an asphaltene-containing material while substantially negating deposition of asphaltenes either in a reservoir, in production tubing, or both when mixed or otherwise contacting the asphaltene-containing material Methods of the invention comprise forcing a composition comprising an asphaltene solvent and a viscosity reducing agent to contact an asphaltene-containing hydrocarbon in an underground geologic formation, and producing from the formation a production composition comprising at least some of the treatment composition and at least some of the asphaltene-containing hydrocarbon under conditions sufficient to substantially negate deposition of asphaltenes in the formation.

Abstract: Methods of producing a total product are described. A method includes contacting a feed with light hydrocarbons in the presence of one or more inorganic salt catalysts and steam to produce a total product; controlling contacting conditions such that at least 50% of the light hydrocarbons are recovered; and producing a total product, wherein the ratio of atomic hydrogen to carbon (H/C) in the total product is between 80% and 120% of the atomic H/C of the feed.

Abstract: Heavy crude transportation optimization method wherein at least one solvent is added to said crude. According to the method, a predetermined amount of dimethyl ether (DME) is added under pressure so as to adjust the viscosity of the crude.

Abstract: A system to produce a total product and recover inorganic salts from a combustion gas is described. The system includes a contacting zone, a regeneration zone and a recovery zone. The contacting zone is configured to fluidize a supported inorganic salt catalyst in the presence of a feed, steam, and a hydrogen source to produce the total product. The regeneration zone is configured to receive at least a portion of the supported inorganic salt catalyst from the contacting zone and remove at least a portion of contaminants from the supported inorganic salt catalyst. The recovery zone is configured to receive combustion gas from the regeneration zone, wherein the recovery zone is configured to separate at least a portion of inorganic salts from the combustion gas.

Abstract: A process for upgrading a heavy hydrocarbon includes the steps of obtaining a heavy hydrocarbon; contacting the heavy hydrocarbon with a solvent at upgrading conditions so as to produce a first product comprising a mixture of upgraded hydrocarbon and solvent and a second product comprising asphaltene waste, water and solvent; and feeding the first product to a separator to separate the upgraded hydrocarbon from the solvent. A system is also provided.

Abstract: Methods of producing a crude product are described. A method includes providing a feed and a supported inorganic salt catalyst to a contacting zone. The feed has at total content, per gram of feed, of at least 0.9 grams of hydrocarbons having a boiling range distribution between 343° C. and 538° C. Contact of the supported inorganic salt catalyst with the feed in the presence of a hydrogen source and steam is performed such that the supported inorganic salt catalyst becomes fluidized, and a total product that includes a crude product is produced. The crude product has a total content of at least 0.2 grams per gram of crude product of hydrocarbon have a boiling range distribution between 204° C. and 343° C.

Abstract: Continuously contacting a crude feed with one or more catalysts for at least 500 hours at a liquid hourly space velocity of at least 1 h?1 produces a total product that includes a crude product. At least one of the catalysts has a pore size distribution with a median pore diameter of at least 180 ? and includes one or more metals from Column 6 of the Periodic Table and/or one or more compounds of one or more metals from Column 6 of the Periodic Table.

Abstract: Methods of producing a total product are described. A method includes contacting a feed with a hydrogen source in the presence of one or more inorganic salt catalysts and steam to produce a total product; and controlling contacting conditions such that the conversion of feed to hydrocarbon gas and hydrocarbon liquid in the total product is between 5% and 50%, based on the molar amount of carbon in the feed.