Abstract: The invention relates to a method of strip blow-off at an exit of rolling mills for producing a spotless and clean rolled strip, according to which the strip (5) is blown off with at least one nozzle (16) arranged above the upper side (14) of the strip, and a rolling oil/emulsion stuck on the strip (5) is aspirated from their edges (18?, 18?) by a suction device (20), and wherein on the upper side (14) and a lower side (15) of the strip (5), a chamber (21, 22) in which overpressure prevails, is formed and to a corresponding device.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for making an anastomosis between a tubular duct and a vessel has an annulus having a longitudinal axis, a first set of fingers and a second set of fingers. The first set of fingers extend axially from the annulus in one direction and the second set of fingers extending axially from the annulus in another direction generally opposite the direction of the first set of fingers. The first and second sets of fingers are movable to penetrate the tubular duct and the vessel, respectively, as they move from a biased configuration to an unbiased configuration.

Abstract: An alignment device is located on a mandrel of an installation tool and is used to align a structural member in an opening of a workpiece while seating a radial flange of the structural member against a first surface of the workpiece. The alignment device comprises a disk-shaped device having an outer surface, an inner surface forming an opening through the alignment device, and where the opening is sized to be at least slightly smaller than a major diameter of an expansion portion of the mandrel. In one embodiment, the alignment is nylon to allow the inner surface of the alignment device to be repeatedly, radially expanded and yet the opening formed by the inner surface returns to its original size.

Abstract: The present invention provides an expansion die for manufacturing containers including a work surface including a progressively expanding portion and a land portion; and an undercut portion positioned following the land portion of the work surface. The present invention further provides a process for manufacturing shaped containers including providing a container stock having a first diameter; expanding at least a portion of the container stock to a second diameter with at least one expansion die; and forming an end of the container stock to accept a container lid.

Abstract: A device (1) for the stepped displacement of workpieces inside a press (2) or similar processing equipment is provided. The device includes at least one or two gripper rails (4) that can be displaced back and forth in the direction of a longitudinal extent thereof and in the feed direction, the rails being displaced transversely in relation to one another in order to engage workpieces. To execute a gripping movement, the gripper rail (4) includes levers (5) that run at an angle and in opposite directions to one another, whereby the ends of the levers that face away from the gripper rail can be displaced towards or away from one another. Pivoting arms (11), which together with the levers (5) form scissors or half scissors type drives, are hinged on the levers (5) to guide the resultant transverse movement.

Abstract: A compression tool including a ram; a drive system, a battery and a user selectable retraction control. The drive system is connected to the ram to extend the ram and allow retraction of the ram. The battery is connected to the drive system to at least partially power the drive system. The user selectable retraction control is connected to the drive system. The user selectable retraction control includes a plurality of ram retraction settings which are adapted to be selected by a user to at least partially control respective different retraction stopping locations of the ram.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for compensating for such deformations as occur in operation in first and second clamping surfaces intended for a tool in a press. The clamping surfaces are reciprocally moveable towards and away from one another in order to move a first and second part of the tool towards and away from one another, and the first and second tool parts have a first and second abutment surface for abutment against the first and second clamping surfaces and the deformations cause uneven pressure in at least one contact region between the tool and the clamping surfaces. According to the present invention, there is disposed, in at least one contact region between a clamping surface and an abutment surface, a power unit which, on activation, is operative to press, away from the clamping surface located in the contact region at least a part of the abutment surface of the tool located there.

Abstract: A method of calibrating the torque outputs of a rheometer by using a calibrating object with a certified moment of inertia, measuring the moment of inertia of the calibrating object using the rheometer, and calculating the torque adjustment factor by dividing the certified moment of inertia value by the measured moment of inertia value. The torque adjustment factor is applied to correct subsequent measurements of rheological properties conducted using the rheometer. The torque adjustment factor may be double-checked for reproducibility by measuring the moment of inertia of the calibrating object, correcting it with the torque adjustment factor, and comparing it with its certified moment of inertia value.

Abstract: The present disclosure generally relates to a capacitance sensing apparatus equipped with self-calibrating capacity and method of use thereof. The disclosure contemplates the determination using a secondary means of precise fluid levels according to live possible embodiments, and the use of the determined fluid level to recalibrate the capacitance sensing apparatus along its continuous analog level, namely, a variation of the thickness of the insulation of a capacitance sensing apparatus, the variation of the surface geometry of the capacitance sensing apparatus, the use of a dual-probe sensor including a probe with a varied surface geometry, the use of an electromagnetic sensor adjoining the capacitance sensor, and the variation of the electromechanical sensor to serve as a capacitance sensing apparatus. Tile disclosure also contemplates methods for using the sensing apparatus previously disclosed to measure a fluid level using a self-calibrating capacitance sensing apparatus.

Abstract: Disclosed are systems and methods that include providing a vessel having an inlet and an outlet for communicating a carrier gas through the vessel; determining a differential pressure between the inlet and the outlet for a known flow rate at the outlet; and, determining a unit flow per unit pressure based on a ratio of the flow rate and the differential pressure. In certain embodiments, the flow rate at the outlet is established by controlling the flow rate of the gas. In some embodiments, the methods and systems can include a viscosity in the ratio, determining a flow rate at ambient pressure using a factor based on a ratio of a gas pressure at the output and ambient pressure, and/or, determining a flow rate at ambient temperature using a factor based on a ratio of a temperature at the output and ambient temperature.

Abstract: A limiting current type oxygen sensor comprises an ion conductor, a pair of electrodes, a gas diffusion mechanism for supplying a diffusion-rate-determined gas, and a heater for heating the ion conductor. The gas diffusion mechanism includes a gas diffusion bore and an internal space communicating with the gas diffusion bore. In a first embodiment, the gas diffusion mechanism is configured such that the thickness (lin) of the internal space is formed equal to or larger than the bore diameter (S1) of the gas diffusion bore. This makes it possible to dominate diffusion-rate-determinateness in the gas diffusion bore and minimize the influence of diffusion-rate-determinateness in the internal space, thereby sensing the limiting current value accurately. In a second embodiment, the gas diffusion mechanism is configured such that an oxygen concentration gradient within the internal space satisfies the condition of a certain expression.

Abstract: A system for measuring the permeance of a material. The permeability of the material may also be derived. The system provides a liquid or high concentration fluid bath on one side of a material test sample, and a gas flow across the opposing side of the material test sample. The mass flow rate of permeated fluid as a fraction of the combined mass flow rate of gas and permeated fluid is used to calculate the permeance of the material. The material test sample may be a sheet, a tube, or a solid shape. Operational test conditions may be varied, including concentration of the fluid, temperature of the fluid, strain profile of the material test sample, and differential pressure across the material test sample.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for inspecting ampoule packages for the presence of leaks. The systems and methods may be part of a manufacturing line for ampoule packages, particularly flexible ampoule cards that contain sterile pharmaceutical solutions. The solution-containing packages are compressed in an amount sufficient to cause leaking of solution from a pre-existing tear or perforation in an ampoule. The amount of compression applied is less than that required to cause significant package damage such as bursting. The packages are compressed using surfaces of sensing grids which are effective in detecting presence of a liquid outside the package during the compression. By using the conductive properties of the solution, sensing grids and appropriate circuitry can be used to signal or cause an alarm in the event a package has been determined to contain a leak.

Abstract: A sensor for measuring the concentration of components in a liquid, exhibiting a base body with a deformation body, and a hollow chamber. The hollow chamber is on the one side deformable through the deformation body and on the other side rigidly closed. The hollow chamber is completely filled with a swellable polymeric network, which network exhibits a volume phase transition at a certain concentration of components in the liquid. The liquid can have contact to the polymeric network through at least one opening in at least one of the rigid delimiting sides of the hollow chamber. A mechano electrical transducer detects the deflection of the deformation body.

Abstract: A multi-dimensional separation system having parallel traps for effluent from prior separation dimension and parallel latter separation columns, the latter columns being coupled to the traps. At least one trap enriches components of effluent while at least one other trap is releasing trapped components to a detector, which may be a mass spectrometer. Internal standards may be provided, as in a release solvent, for the calibration of one of the chromatographic columns and the detection system. The system may comprise a multiple channel selector for multiple streams, wherein all of the streams flow at the same time.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a semiconductor and an apparatus for measuring slurry quality. The apparatus includes a plurality of slurry supply devices, a plurality of semiconductor processing devices, and an in-line monitoring system. The slurry supply devices have slurry supply lines. The semiconductor processing devices receive slurry from each of the slurry supply devices through the slurry supplying lines to perform semiconductor processing. The in-line monitoring system includes a plurality of sampling lines diverging from the plurality of slurry supplying lines. The particle sizes of the slurry are measured through each of the sampling lines. The monitoring system maintains the slurry quality in real time to increase yield from CMP (chemical-mechanical polishing).

Abstract: In accordance with an embodiment of the invention, there is a force sensor for a probe based instrument. The force sensor can comprise a detection surface and a flexible mechanical structure disposed a first distance above the detection surface so as to form a gap between the flexible mechanical structure and the detection surface, wherein the flexible mechanical structure is configured to deflect upon exposure to an external force, thereby changing the first distance.

Abstract: A system and method of sensing a load on a vehicle that includes a plurality of wheel-engaging members is disclosed. The vehicle body is supported on the plurality of wheel-engaging members and receives a cargo having a cargo weight. The method includes providing a non-fluid spring having an unloaded length and a spring rate, the non-fluid springs are supported between the vehicle body and one of the wheel-engaging members and being deflected to a loaded length under the cargo weight of the cargo. The method continues with determining the loaded length of said non-fluid springs. The method also includes determining an approximate value of the cargo weight based at least partially upon said spring rate and said loaded length of said non-fluid spring.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes systems and methods for measuring bearing clearances in an internal combustion engine such as a reciprocating engine. The system uses a non-contacting measuring device to measure the movement of parts within a cylinder or cylinders of an engine as a vacuum is applied to the cylinder(s). As the pressure changes within the cylinder(s) the movement of the parts is recorded and then analyzed to identify the clearances of different bearings and compare the measured clearances to tolerances appropriate for the engine. Distance measurements may be taken from multiple points within the cylinder to generate a more accurate measurement of the displacement of the parts. The non-contacting measuring device reduces wear and damage to the piston surface from which the measurements are taken and also is more precise than a physical contact system based on a micrometer and plunger.

Abstract: A method for determining airflow to a cylinder of an internal combustion engine, such airflow passing to the cylinder through an intake manifold. The method includes providing a model of the intake manifold, such model providing a relationship between expected output airflow from the intake manifold in response to airflow into the intake manifold; determining from the model the expected output airflow from the intake manifold from a previous commanded airflow into the intake manifold; determining a compensation airflow required for the input airflow to the intake manifold to drive the expected output from the intake manifold towards the desired cylinder airflow; and providing such compensation airflow to the intake manifold.

Abstract: A laminarization lattice of thin plastic and a gate are provided in a body at respective positions so that a distance between the laminarization lattice and the gate is not less than a half of an entire length of the body, and the laminarization lattice and the body are integrally molded. That is, a configuration of the invention enables a hesitation occurring in the lattice of thin plastic to be suppressed, and a resin to be injected at single stroke of a short time to form the lattice of thin plastic.

Abstract: A tyre has a piezoelectric flexing element associated with an energy storage device (e.g., a capacitor). The piezoelectric flexure element is mounted in cantilever fashion in a housing so as to be positioned substantially along a plane orthogonal to a radial direction of the tyre and, so that a first end of the piezoelement is restrained by the housing. A loading mass is coupled to the second end of the piezoelectric flexure element. A small gap is formed between the inner walls of the housing and the outer surface of the loading mass in order to allow limited flexure of the piezo-electric element. The housing including the piezoelectric is mounted in a tyre portion in correspondence of a tread area of the tyre, preferably on the inner surface of the tyre. The piezoelectric element flexes under the action of the radial acceleration when the tyre rotates.

Abstract: A battery-less tire parameter sensor system for monitoring a vehicle tire parameter such as pressure and temperature. A sensor assembly has a power system, a processor/transmitter, a sensor, and a power coil mounted on a substrate. This assembly is mounted on or in the side wall or tread wall of a tire. A magnet is mounted on the vehicle in proximity to the path of the power coil during tire rotation. The moving power coil passes through the magnetic field and generates operating voltage for the sensor assembly components. The power system includes a voltage multiplier, a voltage regulator, and a storage capacitor. Two or more sensor assemblies can be mounted on the same tire to monitor different parameters.

Abstract: The apparatus for measuring a shape of a tire comprising a scanning part 6 provided with an optical sensor 11 that can measure the distance to the tire tread and a driving part in which the optical sensor 11 can scan in the tire width direction, the supporting portions of the scanning part 1a and 1b that support scanning part 6, a contact plate 2 provided at one end of the supporting portions of the scanning part 1a and 1b, and a contact plate 3 provided at the other end of the supporting portions of the scanning part 1a and 1b and movable in the scanning direction, wherein the scanning part 6 is detachable to the supporting portions of the scanning part 1a and 1b.

Abstract: A tire, the tread comprising rubber compounds and including a wear limit surface. At least one wireless temperature measurement system based on surface acoustic wave or bulk acoustic wave technology is embedded in a region of a rubber compound, said region being radially to the outside of a surface radially to the inside of the wear limit surface and the surface radially to the inside of the wear limit surface being, in the unworn state, at a distance from the outer surface of the tread of at most 95% of the thickness of the tread.

Abstract: A method for monitoring the operational condition of a tire equipping a vehicle, includes: producing, over time, representative samples of successive values assumed by a changing physical quantity, under otherwise equal conditions, with respect to the number of moles of gaseous fluid present in this tire, exploiting these samples in order to deduce from them an estimated condition of the tire, comparing it to a range of normal driving conditions, and producing an alarm in the case where the estimated condition of the tire is situated outside the range of these normal conditions. The step of exploiting the sample includes comparing the value of an indicator of dispersion of the physical quantity, such as the variance of this quantity, to a predetermined threshold value (L).

Abstract: A method for estimating accurately and stably the change of forces exerted on the tire or change of contact condition with the ground of the tire and an apparatus for putting it in operation.

Abstract: A device for introducing air or other pressurized gas into a tire, sports ball or other pneumatic device. The device advantageously allows the user to check the pressure of the gas and to release excess the gas from the tire or other pneumatic device without removing the apparatus from the tire or other pneumatic device.

Abstract: A tire pressure monitoring apparatus (10) includes a pressure transducer (14) and a valve stem (12). A support bracket (50) connects the valve stem (12) to the pressure transducer (14) and facilitates pivotal movement between the valve stem and the pressure transducer. The support bracket (50) includes a valve stem biasing member (80) that exerts a spring bias on the valve stem (12) to help maintain a selected angular position of the valve stem relative to the pressure transducer (14).

Abstract: A dual sided sheet surface property sensor has the capability to simultaneously measure both sides of a moving sheet at the same location of the sheet on the top and bottom surfaces of the sheet. The energy directed to each side of the sheet may include UV, visible light, infrared, radio frequency, microwave, broadband, or X-ray. The sensor has a source and associated detector on each side of the moving sheet and each source provides energy at a different modulation frequency and the associated detector is responsive only to that frequency.

Abstract: A vortex angle system includes one or more vortex angle sensors disposed on one or more wingtips of an aircraft. A summing circuit and computer compare signals from each sensor to provide a signal, which is indicative of the average vortex angle of the aircraft.

Abstract: A flow sensor of the thermal type having a U-shaped sensor tube with two legs and a connecting limb with two adjoining electrical resistance elements, and with a housing. The sensor tube has an inlet side and an outlet side. The housing has a first and a second housing part of a thermally well-conducting material, each with an inner surface provided with cavities and with an outer surface. The housing parts are placed with their inner surfaces against each other, while the U-shaped sensor tube has a main surface that extends parallel to the inner surfaces. The housing parts surround the connecting limb and the legs of the U-shaped sensor tube such that the sensor tube is thermally clamped in between the housing parts in two locations: a first location situated between its inlet side and the upstream resistance element, and a second location situated between its outlet side and the downstream resistance element.

Abstract: An air flow rate measuring device is provided in which a pressure loss across a grid therein due to the load which is generated when a hose band is tightened is reduced and deterioration of its measurement accuracy due to the grid deformation is prevented. The grid is configured to have a grid portion which absorbs deformation at the outer periphery thereof, and another grid portion which does not absorb deformation at the inner periphery thereof. In order to make the grid portions independent of each other, the grid is provided with a frame, and the mesh grid inside of the frame which maintains a rectifying effect, prevents the deterioration of the measurement accuracy, and does not absorb deformation, and the grid outside of the frame absorbs deformation.

Abstract: A method and device for a liquid media parameters determination, wherein an extended heater oriented along the fluid flow is installed in the fluid flow. Fluid flow temperature is measured. The heater is heated up and the temperatures at the interfaces “heater front surface?flow zone” and “heater rear surface?flow zone” are measured; for the both interfaces, measured values are used for calculating temperature difference between the said heater and the flow, while the water-to-oil relationship is determined through calculations by using either mathematical or graphic relationships. The device for determining the parameters of fluid flow comprising a heater, characterized in that the heater has an extended shape and is oriented along the fluid flow direction, with two thermal sensors located at the opposite ends of the heater, which are capable of transmitting measured data remotely.

Abstract: A flow sensor transducer can measure fluid flow rates as a fluid flows though a channel and under an air bridge. Resistive thermal devices (RTDs) and a heater are on top of the air bridge with two RTDs upstream of the heater and two downstream. The RTDs can be connected in a Wheatstone bridge configuration. A magnetoresistive material that changes its electrical resistance based on its temperature can be used to form the RTDs. The temperature response of magnetoresistive materials, however, can change due to magnetic fields and to the material's magnetic history. Forming the RTDs into a dual spiral structure minimizes the effect of magnetic fields. As such, a magnetoresistive material such as permalloy can be used instead of an expensive material such a platinum. The resulting flow sensor transducer can be formed using standard semiconductor processing techniques and is less expensive than sensors containing platinum.

Abstract: Detection accuracy of flow rates is higher even when the temperature of fluid is varied or when there is any difference between temperature of fluid and that around a thermosensible flow sensor. A thermosensible detector element comprises an insulating support film formed on the surface of a plate-like substrate, a heat resistor and a fluid temperature-measuring resistor made of thermosensible resistive films formed on this support film, an insulating protective film formed on this thermosensible resistive film, and cavities and formed under respective thermosensible resistive films by removing partially the plate-like substrate, and in which flow velocity of fluid is measured on heat transfer phenomenon from the portion heated by the heat resistor to fluid, and top surface of the cavity located under the fluid temperature-measuring resistor is formed within the part where the fluid temperature-measuring resistor is located.

Abstract: A humidity sensor capable of self-regulating temperature compensation and a manufacturing method thereof overcomes the inaccuracy caused by the resistor value of a conventional humidity-sensitive element changing depending due to changes in the temperature. The present invention proposes disposing two different humidity-sensitive elements in a humidity-sensitive substrate, wherein one humidity-sensitive element includes a saturated salt solution. The humidity-sensitive substrate has two different humidity-sensitive elements for achieving a self-regulating temperature compensation feature. The present invention of the humidity-sensitive element having the saturated salt solution can maintain the amount of humidity in the air regardless of the temperature.

Abstract: A liquid level and density measurement device is disclosed. The device comprises an elongated magnetostrictive transducer and at least two transducer magnets embedded into floats that can freely move along a transducer. One float is relatively more sensitive to liquid density variation than the other float. The less sensitive float is used for liquid level measurement and the more sensitive float is used for liquid density measurement. The liquid density float has a lower part completely immersed into a liquid and an upper part partially immersed into a liquid. The upper part is made substantially in the form of a hollow cylinder with an internal diameter larger than the external diameter of the liquid level float. Therefore the liquid density float can move up and down without touching the liquid level float.

Abstract: A sensor, suitable for being secured to a wheel bearing of a motor vehicle and serving to measure the rotational speed of the wheel, has a securing ring, a sensor block, at least one electrical line, at least one connector and at least one retaining bridge. The sensor block is electrically connected to the connector by means of the electrical line, and is connected to the securing ring at least by means of a plastic extrusion coating. A retaining bridge is integrally formed on the plastic extrusion coating and carries the connector until the sensor is installed at the location of its final intended position.

Abstract: A sensor obtains transverse sensitivity in a sensitivity matrix of an acceleration sensor with a uniaxial vibration generator. The acceleration is measured by vibrating the table 12. As the measurement of the main axis sensitivity, transverse sensitivity Szx associated with the X-axis is obtained from measured results of the acceleration sensor 5 and measured results of a measuring instrument for measuring the surface motion of the table 12 independently. Likewise, transverse sensitivity Szy associated with the Y-axis is obtained by fixing on the table 12 the cubical block on which the acceleration sensor 5 is mounted in such a manner that the Y-axis direction defined with respect to the acceleration sensor 5 aligns with the vibration direction of the table 12.

Abstract: At least one support tine, disposed generally in parallel to the force sensing tines of a DETF, is added to increase the stiffness of the structure for resisting various strains during assembly. Once the bonding operation is complete, the support tine(s) are cut or broken away from the structure to leave the remaining structure relatively strain free for operation.

Abstract: A three-dimensional non-contacting angular motion sensor, based on magnetometry, has been developed for velocity feedback in the ball wheel mechanism, which serves as the drivetrain for a class of omnidirectional mobile platforms. More generally, this scheme tracks rigid-body rotation about a fixed point with an undefined axis of rotation. The approach involves tracking the time-varying magnetic field of a permanent disc magnet, embedded at the center of the sphere. This data is then used to determine the absolute orientation of the magnet axis. Finally, an approach based on the natural invariants of rigid-body motion is used to determine the instantaneous axis of rotation and the angular speed of the sphere about this axis.

Abstract: The technical solution provided can be implemented with the help of two miniature vessels and even one miniature vessel filled with the flowing media. It is based on determining the pressures difference in particular points, wherein the pressures caused by the cross accelerations and other disturbance factors are considered to be equal, and the ones caused by the acceleration determined are considered to be different. The present solution enables one to determine the acceleration with higher accuracy even with big tilting (practically up to 360°) of the platform, in particular, on the body of a moving object, the acceleration whereof is determined.

Abstract: A method and system are provided for obtaining force-displacement responses for a specimen or sample of material. The sample is supported with a spanning portion spanning in an environment between at least three points not in a line, wherein the points are fixed relative to each other, and wherein the spanning portion is capable of displacement relative to the points. An oscillating mechanical excitation at at least one frequency and at at least one known amplitude is applied to the spanning portion. In addition, at least one other mechanical excitation is also applied to the spanning portion independently of the oscillating mechanical excitation.

Abstract: A sensor adjustment device for an indicating pressure gauge includes a groove disposed on a dial and a sliding member. The sensor moves and is located in the groove by means of the sliding member. The gauge contains a sensor that operates without contacting an indicator needle of the gauge, and electronic signals are outputted from the sensor to automatically send an alarm once the indicator needle passes through where the sensor is located.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a membrane unit adapted for use in a housing of a pressure measuring unit preferably for measuring pressure in an extra-corporal blood circuit comprising a flexible membrane and a fixing ring which is integral with the membrane so that the membrane and the fixing ring form a one-piece element, wherein the fixing ring has a lower flexibility than the membrane and wherein the fixing ring comprises fixing elements for fixing the fixing ring to the pressure measuring housing. The invention further relates to a housing as well as to a pressure measuring unit.

Abstract: A circuit produces an output that is proportional to the molar density of gas in a chamber. The circuit employs an operational amplifier which measures the temperature using a RTD or other element that changes resistance with temperature. The RTD is placed such that it produces a decreasing current draw at the inverting input of the operational amplifier as the temperature increases. This decreasing current draw in turn produces a decreasing voltage at the output of the operational amplifier. By changing the ratio of resistors connected to the non-inverting terminal of the operational amplifier one changes the offset of the output voltage. By changing the feedback resistor connected from the output of the operational amplifier to the inverting terminal and connecting the output of the inverting terminal to a voltage divider including the RTD device, one can change the gain with temperature.

Abstract: A circuit produces an output that is proportional to the molar density of gas in a chamber. The circuit employs an operational amplifier which measures the temperature using a RTD or other element that changes resistance with temperature. The RTD is placed such that it produces a decreasing current draw at the inverting input of the operational amplifier as the temperature increases. This decreasing current draw in turn produces a decreasing voltage at the output of the operational amplifier. By changing the ratio of resistors connected to the non-inverting terminal of the operational amplifier one changes the offset of the output voltage. By changing the feedback resistor connected from the output of the operational amplifier to the inverting terminal and connecting the output of the inverting terminal to a voltage divider including the RTD device, one can change the gain with temperature.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pressure sensor. The pressure sensor includes a substrate assembly. The substrate assembly defines closed channels and includes a conductive layer. A conductive membrane extends from the substrate assembly and is spaced from the conductive layer. The conductive membrane defines a plurality of apertures. A cap extends from the substrate assembly to cover the membrane.

Abstract: Bourdon tube pressure gauge able to make a welding margin of a fastening end of a Bourdon tube and an insertion hole of a tube support broader, and able to ruggedly seal and fix the fastening end, that is, a Bourdon tube pressure gauge having a tube support provided with a fastening insertion hole in which a fastening end of a helical Bourdon tube is inserted, wherein the tube support has a weld metal injection hole reaching the fastening insertion hole in a direction perpendicular to a depth direction of the fastening insertion hole and at a position at the middle of the depth and a weld metal part formed by injecting the weld metal into the weld metal injection hole in a state where the fastening end is inserted in the fastening insertion hole.