Abstract: A laptop computer is supplied with special-purpose software that detects when the cover is being closed by an unauthorized person. When the cover is closed, an alarm sounds using the speaker integral the laptop. The closed-cover condition is detected. The software operates on either interrupt-driven devices or polled devices which have some means for detecting that the cover is closed. The software includes a password feature and a hot-key feature for overriding the alarm so that an authorized person may close the cover without disturbing other persons or to stop the alarm if the authorized person forgets to disable the alarm.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for providing timely and efficient notification of vehicle parking space availability and locations of vehicle parking spaces to motorists or other network users. Local detector devices sense the presence or absence of a vehicle in a particular parking space and communicate space identification and status information to a computer network. The parking space status information is integrated with electronic street maps of the area where the relevant spaces are located. Integrated maps containing space status identifiers are communicated to any number of networks.

Abstract: A software program stores during a recording session eye-tracking data and all other communication device activities of a test person that self-controlled confronts her/himself with display scenarios or virtual pages. The display scenarios are stored simultaneously either: 1. after a predetermined elapse time interval, 2. after recognizing a raised attention level of the test person, 3. after a positive result of a scrolling detection process. In a consecutive processing cycle, the software program utilizes an eye interpretation engine to derive high level information and visualizes them superimposed on the correlated image scenarios.

Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed incorporating a plurality of light sources, such as a plurality of lighting emitting diodes, and a beam altering mechanism for altering the light projected by the plurality of light sources. Several mechanisms for altering the beam produced by the plurality of light emitting diodes are disclosed. The present invention can be used in for example hand held flashlights and theatrical lighting. The present invention in one embodiment discloses a hand held flashlight incorporating a plurality of light sources and a beam altering mechanism capable of changing the color of the emitted light beam produced by the flashlight. The beam altering mechanism may be comprised of an aperture device, which may be an aperture plate, provided with a plurality of apertures that are strategically aligned with the individual light beams emitted from each of the plurality of light sources.

Abstract: A power factor control circuit for an AC to DC power converter includes an inductor receiving AC rectified power. The charging time of the inductor is controlled by a switching circuit based on a comparison between a DC bus voltage and a fixed reference voltage. The circuit operates without an AC rectified line sensing network, and without a current-sensing resistor connected to the source of the MOSFET switch.

Abstract: An optical disc apparatus for recording, reproducing or erasing an information signal by converging a light flux onto a recording layer through a transparent substrate. The apparatus includes one or a plurality of optical heads having a plurality of objective lenses whose aberations have respectivley been corrected for a plurality of disc substrates of different thicknesses, a cartridge for enclosing the optical disc, a discrimination hole which is formed on the cartridge, and a sensor for detecting the opening/ closing state of the discrimination hole and for generating a discrimination signal. In accordance with the result of the discrimination as to the thickness of the loaded optical disc, the objective lens, in which the occurrence of the aberration is smallest, is used, so that the information signal can preferably be recorded, reproduced or erased onto/from the optical discs having different substrate thicknesses.

Abstract: A magnetic induction time-multiplexed two-way short-range wireless communications system, and related method, includes a first portable unit and a second portable unit. The first portable unit receives first unit input signals and provides first unit output signals. Also, the first portable unit includes a first unit transducer system for generating a first inductive field based upon the first unit input signals during a first time slot and for converting a second inductive field into the first unit output signals during a second time slot. The second portable unit receives second unit input signals and provides second unit output signals. Also, the second portable unit includes a second unit transducer system for generating the second inductive field based upon the second unit input signals during the second time slot and for converting the first inductive field into the second unit output signals during the first time slot.

Abstract: In the present invention, methods and apparatus for making efficient cladding pumping fiber lasers is disclosed. In particular, new fiber cladding geometry and new method of coupling pumping laser into an optical fiber are disclosed. Both aspects of the present invention will facilitate the realization of high-efficiency and high-power fiber lasers. In the present invention, cladding boundary geometry structures that can prevent the formation of local modes are disclosed. Besides the cladding geometry, methods for efficient coupling of diode lasers into a laser fiber for high power injection are also disclosed. Essentially, the new methods make it possible to transmit diode laser beams for a long distance with substantially the same brightness.

Abstract: An impedance blocking filter circuit is provided for use in telecommunication systems for interconnecting between incoming telephone lines and customer's terminal equipment so as to unconditionally block impedances above 20 KHz due to the customer's terminal equipment from an ADSL network unit and/or home networking interface unit. The filter circuit includes first, second, and third inductors connected in series between a first input terminal and a first common point. A first resistor has its one end connected also to the first common point and its other end connected to a first output terminal. Fourth, fifth and sixth inductors are connected in series between a second input terminal and a second common point. A second resistor has its one end also connected to the second common point and its other end connected to a second output terminal. A capacitor has its ends connected across the first and second common points.

Abstract: A developer cartridge which is rotatably mounted in the developing unit of an image forming apparatus, and supplies a developer to the developing unit while rotating includes a cylindrical cartridge main body having a developer outlet hole in the outer surface near one end, and a ring-like cartridge-side shutter which is fitted on the outer surface near one end of the cylindrical cartridge main body to be movable along the rotating shaft of the cylindrical cartridge main body between a position where the developer outlet hole is opened and a position where the developer outlet hole is closed. The developing unit has a guide for inserting the developer cartridge and a driving unit for rotating the developer cartridge, and the guide has a main body-side shutter with a hole.

Abstract: A germicidal lamp for harsh environments is disclosed. The germicidal lamp is suited for outdoor installation on an HVAC system or related components. The germicidal lamp is made from materials resistant to splashing water, etc., and includes plural seals to protect the interior of the fixture and prevent leakage or contamination into or out of the HVAC system.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical composition containing several different bacteria including Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria is disclosed. The bacteria are present in the composition at a total concentration of 1×1011 to 1×1013 per gram. Further, methods of using the pharmaceutical are disclosed which include treatment of a gastrointestinal disorder and hypercholestermia. Also a method for modulating a host's immune response is disclosed.

Abstract: This invention relates to the partial printing of a substrate with a plurality of layers to form a partially printed panel. Within each printed portion, at least one layer is applied to the substrate with inexact registration in relation to a second layer. A “control layer” comprising “edge sealing strips” is printed so that, within each printed portion, each edge of the at least two layers with inexact registration is located within the edges of an overlapping edge sealing strip. The edge sealing strips may provide a visual seal or mask at the edges of printed portions, for example to enable the each printed portion to have the desired color rendering within a one-way vision control panel. The invention can comprise the physical sealing of printed portions containing gaseous or liquid fluids or particles in suspension, such as fragrances, medication, environmentally reactive materials or security printing features.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a coated cutting tool (e.g.—cemented carbide insert) useful for grooving or parting of steel or stainless steel components such as tubes and bars. The insert is characterised by a WC-Co-based cemented carbide substrate having a highly W-alloyed Co-binder phase and a hard and wear resistant coating including a multilayered structure of sublayers of the composition (TixAl1-x)N with a periodic and repeated variation of the Ti/Al ratio.

Abstract: There is disclosed a cemented carbide insert with excellent properties for machining of steels and stainless steels. The cemented carbide comprises WC and 4-25% Co. The WC-grains have an average grain size in the range 0.2-3.5 ?m and a narrow grain size distribution in the range 0-4.5 ?m. According to the method of the invention a cemented carbide cutting tool insert is made by mixing powders of WC, TiC, TaC and/or NbC, binder metal and pressing agent, drying preferably by spray drying, pressing to inserts and sintering. The method characterised in that a deagglomerated WC-powder with a narrow grain size distribution is used, that the powders of TiC, TaC and/or NbC are deagglomerated and that the mixing is wet mixing with no change in grain size or grain size distribution.

Abstract: A battery-powered apparatus for holding and energizing an electric transducer, includes a hand-held battery housing carrying the transducer mount, and first and second internal battery contacts. A first external battery charge terminal is on the transducer mount, and a second external battery charge terminal is on a part of the battery housing, such as its end cap. A double-throw switch has a common element electrically connected to an internal battery terminal contact, has a first switched contact leading to a first terminal of the electric transducer, and has opposite second switched contact electrically connected to an external battery charge terminal. If there are two electric transducers, they may be a part of a light source comprising a reflector, a first electric lamp having a filament at its focal point, and a second electric lamp extending into that reflector beside the first electric lamp.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device including a first photolithography process forming a gate electrode on a substrate; a second photolithography process including: a) depositing sequentially a gate insulating layer, first and second semiconductor layers, and a metal layer; b) applying a first photoresist on the metal layer; c) aligning a first photo mask with the substrate; d) light exposing and developing the first photoresist to produce a first photoresist pattern; e) etching the metal layer using a first etchant, the first etchant ashing the first photoresist pattern on a predetermined portion of the metal layer to produce a second photoresist pattern, thereby exposing the predetermined portion of the metal layer; and f) etching the gate insulating layer, the first and second semiconductor layer, and the predetermined portion of the metal layer using a second etchant according to the second photoresist pattern to form source and drain electrodes, an oh

Abstract: A process and apparatus for the continuous manufacture of food products such as sausages is provided which eliminates the need for intermediate stuffing of the food product into casings which are discarded prior to final packaging. The preferred apparatus of the invention includes first and second heated rollers (16, 17) each presenting a plurality of elongated, axially aligned channels or recesses (18,20) which are circumferentially and axially spaced on the corresponding rollers (16, 17); in addition, the second roller (17) includes a series of elongated, continuous, tube-receiving openings (22) extending between each series of aligned openings (20). Mechanisms (28, 29) are associated with the rollers (16, 17) in order to continuously feed elongated synthetic resin sheets (34, 35) into the nip between the rollers (16, 17).

Abstract: A method and structure of stuffing natural casings with sausage material involves taking a plurality of natural casings of different lengths and diameters; pre-loading each of the casings on elongated hollow open ended sleeves shorter than the casings and having a diameter less than the casings by telescoping the casings on the outer surfaces of the sleeves, slidably mounting the sleeves on the open end of a meat stuffing tube of a sausage encasing machine; extruding meat emulsion through the stuffing tube into the casing mounted on the sleeve until the sleeve is slidably removed from the tube, removing the sleeve from the stuffing tube, repeating the use of the sleeve by preloading the sleeve with another natural casing.

Abstract: A temperature compensation technique employing a directional coupler providing signals from a forward sample port to a detector circuit for providing a DC output representative of transmitted power. A temperature compensation circuit including a current source is coupled to a reverse sample port of the directional coupler for providing a compensating DC bias current via said coupler, to the detector circuit. The detector circuit and the temperature compensation circuit each include matched diodes and corresponding circuits for tracking temperature and offsetting the effects of temperature on the DC output of the detector circuit.

Abstract: A wireless data communication system is operable in a power saving mode wherein stations are synchronized to be in an awake state to receive synchronizing messages (TIM, PSYNC) and traffic indicator information and are changed to a doze state if they are not to receive data messages. In one embodiment all stations (20) communicate via a base station access point (16), which broadcasts synchronizing messages (TIM) at regular intervals identifying stations (20) that are to receive data messages. In another embodiment all stations (220) communicate directly with one another, one station assumes the role of a master station and broadcasts synchronizing messages (PSYNC), and stations (220) desiring to transmit data messages transmit traffic indicator messages (PTIM) to the appropriate destination stations (220), in a synchronized awake period just before the next synchronizing message (PSYNC) is expected to arrive.

Abstract: 2-Methyl-4-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-10H-thieno-[2,3-b][1,5]benzodiazepine, or an acid salt thereof, has pharmaceutical properties, and is of particular use in the treatment of disorders of the central nervous system.

Abstract: Control of a loop of a fiber-channel arbitrated-loop serial communications channel is maintained (i.e., the loop connection is held open) as long as a minimum amount of data, which optionally is determined by programming (called a “programmable amount of data”), is available for transmission, in order to reduce the overall amount of time spent arbitrating for control of the loop. The improved communications channel system includes a channel node having one or more ports, each port supporting a fiber-channel arbitrated-loop serial communications channel loop, wherein each port arbitrates for control of that port's attached channel loop. The system also includes an arbitration-and-control apparatus to reduce arbitrated-loop overhead, wherein control of the channel loop, once control is achieved by arbitration, is maintained by the arbitration-and-control apparatus as long as a predetermined amount of data is available within control of the node.

Abstract: A protective mask and method, comprising a face mask having a body shaped so as to generally cover a face of the user person. The body defines an opening opposite the eyes of the user person when the face mask is worn. A removable lens has a lens portion of see-through material covering the opening so as to protect the eyes of the user person while allowing visibility of the user person therethrough, and connector portions at opposed ends of the lens portion. Clamping devices are positioned in the face mask at opposed ends of the opening. The clamping devices each have a clip with a catch pivotally mounted to the face mask so as to be displaceable to a locking position, in which the catch engages with the respective connector portion to releasably secure the removable lens to the face mask.

Abstract: The invention relates to a reinforcement (2) for a glove (17), in particular a goalkeeper glove comprising a) an arrangement (3) of several interconnected first elements (3a to 3f), b) several second elements (4a, 4e) connected or connectable to the arrangement of the first elements (3a, 3f) in such a way that at least two stopping surfaces (14, 15) are formed between at least two second elements (4a, 4e), in particular between all second elements (4a, 4e), wherein c) the arrangement (3) of the first elements (3a, 3f) can be bent from a substantially extended state to a curved state during a forward movement and unbent from the curved state to the extended state during a back movement, wherein d) in the curved state, d1) an interspace (11, 32) is formed between the adjacent first elements (3a, 3f) and d2) and an interspace (16) is formed between the stopping surfaces (14, 15) of the adjacent second elements (4a, 4e) in the extended state and e) said stopping surfaces (14, 15) of the adjacent second elements (

Abstract: An manual activation mechanism for an electronic flushometer system. A manual activation or override plate has a sensor switch directly coupled thereto and is hingedly connected to a sensor bracket. When a user presses the manual activation or override plate, the sensor switch acts against a bumper, which is compressed to create an electrical contact with a printed circuit board. The electrical contact results in the transmission of an electrical signal to a solenoid system, actuating a flushometer valve.

Abstract: A lawn sweeper for collecting debris from a surface includes a frame. At least one wheel is rotatable with respect to the frame for movement of the lawn sweeper along the surface. A collection bin is engaged with the frame for collecting the debris. A brush assembly has at least one brush for urging the debris from the surface into the collection bin. A reducing mechanism reduces a volume of the debris within the collection bin.

Abstract: A hairbrush assembly includes an elongated first cylinder having a first end and a second end. An elongated second cylinder is positioned on and is rotatable with respect to the first cylinder. The second cylinder has a distal end and a proximal end with respect to the second end of the first cylinder. The second end extends outwardly from the distal end of the second cylinder. The second cylinder has a plurality of rows of aligned apertures extending from the proximal end and toward the distal end. A plurality of bristle assemblies is provided and each is positioned between the first and second cylinders adjacent to the first end of the first cylinder. Each of the bristle assemblies is selectively positioned in an extended position extending outwardly of the apertures or in a retracted position positioned within an interior space defined between the first and second cylinders.

Abstract: An vacuum cleaning robot has a drive system adapted to autonomously move a base housing along a horizontal surface and is controlled by a computer processing unit. A dusting assembly is mounted to the base housing and is adapted to selectively rest on a surface to be cleaned. A suction source draws dirt and debris through a suction nozzle and deposits the same in the recovery tank. A power source is connected to the drive system and to the computer processing unit. The computer processing unit is adapted to direct horizontal movement of the base housing within boundaries of the surface to be cleaned based upon input data defining said boundaries.

Abstract: A broom (20) which permits picking up dust and disposing of said dust while standing up. The broom (20) comprises an aspiration canal (24) in the broom brush (22), reaching an aspiration tubing situated inside the broom handle (26). The aspiration tubing is ended by a removable cap (28). A motor (34) is situated alongside the tubing and permits the aspiration of air through the aspiration canal and aspiration tubing by an opening (32) along the tubing side. The opening is made of a semi permeable membrane (38) which allows air to exit the tube while keeping dust inside. The broom inside tubing comprises means to keep the dust inside the tubing, so the dust does not fall out through the bottom of the tubing. After the broom operator has finished aspiring the dust inside the broom handle, he may remove the cap, turn the broom upside down, and empty the dust into. All this without bending down.

Abstract: An electric vacuum cleaner of the present invention includes: a base plate connected to the lower face of a cleaner body so that the base plate is freely movable up and down, and having an exhaust hole formed in a surface facing the surface to be cleaned for blowing exhaust air; an extensible air duct, interposed between the base plate and the cleaner body, for guiding the exhaust air from an intake fan to the base plate; a dust suction nozzle supported on a part of the base plate and connected to the suction side of the intake fan; and wheels, mounted on the lower face of the cleaner body, for supporting the cleaner body on the surface to be cleaned when the base plate is moved up.

Abstract: A hinge assembly includes a main member having a main cam member and a bore extending generally along an axis of rotation. A pivot member, fixed to an end of a shaft extending through the bore, includes a pivot cam member and is rotatable with respect to the main member. At least one torque element is rotatably engaged with the shaft and is substantially rotationally fixed with respect to the main member. The at least one torque element imparts a first frictional resistance to the shaft with rotation of the shaft in a first direction and a second frictional resistance to the shaft with rotation of the shaft in a second direction. The first frictional resistance is greater than the second frictional resistance. Interaction of the main cam member with the pivot cam member assists in maintaining the hinge assembly in at least first and second positions.

Abstract: A fold-type cellular phone has a top unit, a bottom unit and a hinge coupling together the top unit and the bottom unit while allowing the top unit to turn and swivel with respect to the bottom unit. The top unit is first unfolded from a first folded position to an attitude angle of 160 to 170 degrees, and swiveled by 180 degrees to be folded onto the bottom unit in a second folded position at an attitude angle of 180 degrees. The swivel movement of the top unit causes a cam assembly to turn the top unit from the attitude angle of 160-170 degrees to an attitude angle of 180 degrees in the second folded position, thereby allowing the top unit to assume a suitable attitude with respect to the bottom unit.

Abstract: A non-woven fiber web laying apparatus including (1) a camel back cross lapper having a supply arm, a laying arm connected thereto, and two delivery transport belts guided in juxtaposed fashion from an infeed zone to a lower end of the layering arm and (2) an upstream web buffering apparatus adapted to hold a web between belts at least one of which is one of the two delivery transport belts, the apparatus sandwiching the fiber web substantially the entire path from the take-up site to the laying-arm lower end.

Abstract: Apparatus for variably buffering a web material, the apparatus having two endless transport belts including feed sections in which the belts are juxtaposed, and return sections, the feed and return sections being of varying lengths. In the feed sections, the belts move through a U-shaped path portion, commonly guided over a deflecting roller. In the return sections, the belts are guided through U-shaped path portions extending opposite to the U-shaped path portion of the feed sections, each belt wrapping separate deflecting rollers. The three deflecting rollers are rotatably supported on a common mounting frame movably held in a machine stand for compensated length variation of the feed and return portions.

Abstract: A bib holder is provided that is useful for securing a bib in place. In one embodiment, the bib holder includes a strap and at least one fastener that is useful for retaining the bib, in addition to at least one compartment that is capable of storing an item of suitable size and weight. The compartment can be attached to the strap, or be a part of the fastener. In various embodiments, at least a portion of the surface of the compartment is reflective. Additionally, the compartment of the bib holder can optionally include indicia thereon. In certain embodiments of the invention, moreover, the compartment includes a plurality of sub-compartments.

Abstract: A resilient clip with a plurality of twisted wings for engaging a first structure. The twisted wings provide the clip with a low ratio of insertion force to pull-out force, rendering the clip relatively easy to install yet difficult to pull out. In one embodiment, the resilient clip includes at least three wing members that cooperate to prevent the resilient clip from rotating relative to the first structure. In another embodiment, the resilient clip includes an engagement portion having a plurality of teeth for engaging a tab formed into a second structure. The teeth of the engagement portion engage the tab, permitting the resilient clip to be coupled to the second structure. When the resilient clip is engaged to the first structure, the teeth of the engagement portion cannot disengage the tab, rendering the resilient clip non-removably coupling the resilient clip to the first and second structures.

Abstract: A fastener has a pair of fastener tapes (1a, 1b) and two rows of individual magnetic elements (2a, 2b) mounted on the opposed inner longitudinal edges (7a, 7b) of the two fastener tapes (1a, 1b) at a predetermined interval. Each magnetic element (2a) mounted on one fastener tape (1a) is adapted to be fit between and cling to two mating magnetic elements (2b) mounted on the other fastener tape (1b).

Abstract: A safety karabiner comprises a swivelling gate with a sliding locking ring operating in conjunction with a lock-bolt. The ring comprises a hole for receiving the lock-bolt at the end of the translation travel to the first locked position to constitute both a mechanical blocking device of the ring and a first visual indicator indicating the locked state. The lock-bolt is fitted on the movable gate.

Abstract: A buckle (10) including a plug (30) and a socket (20) is provided with a posture-adjuster that adjusts relative postures of the plug (30) and the socket (20) in a direction that leads a longitudinal axis (A2) of the plug (30) and a longitudinal axis (A1) of the socket (20) to be parallel when the plug (30) is relatively moved in a direction toward inside of the socket (20) from an insertion slot (21) thereof. The posture-adjuster has a guide path (24) that is provided to the socket (20) and has a width that becomes wider as being closer to the front end side thereof as well as a step portion (36) as a guided member that is provided to the plug (30) and guided by the guide path (24).

Abstract: A laces tying device comprises a body (2) provided with one or more apertures (3) which receive the ends of a lace to be tied and with readily-releasable fastening means to fasten the ends of the lace in the apertures (3) of the body (2), and clip means (4) comprising a retaining arm mounted on a springloaded hinge provided on the surface of the body (2), the retaining arm serving to retain overlapped portions of the lace which, in use, extend from the apertures (3).

Abstract: A casket comprises a casket shell having a pair of side walls, a pair of end walls, and a floor, at least one lid securable to the casket shell, a memorabilia mounting device secured to the at least one lid and extending along at least a portion of a perimeter thereof, and a memorabilia display device mounted to the memorabilia mounting device for displaying memorabilia memorializing a deceased.

Abstract: A step of forming a vibration plate includes a step of forming an insulation film in order to cause the surface roughness Ra of the insulation film to be in the range of 1 nm to 3 nm: the insulation film being made of zirconia which has been obtained by depositing a zirconium layer, and accordingly by the thermally oxidizing the zirconium layer at a predetermined temperature, and the insulation film constituting the uppermost surface of the vibration plate. In addition, a step of forming a piezoelectric elements includes: a step of applying titanium (Ti) onto a lower electrode by use of a sputtering method, and of forming a seed titanium layer thereon; and a step of forming a piezoelectric precursor film by applying a piezoelectric material onto the seed titanium layer, and of forming a piezoelectric layer by baking, and crystallizing, the piezoelectric precursor layer.

Abstract: A manufacturing method for an electronic component includes a process of forming a lower electrode and a dummy electrode, which are electrically connected to each other, on a substrate, and a process of forming a piezoelectric thin film on the dummy electrode and the lower electrode while a predetermined bias potential is applied to the lower electrode via the dummy electrode. In this method, the piezoelectric thin film is formed on the lower electrode by stabilizing the potential of the lower electrode, thereby decreasing the surface roughness of the piezoelectric thin film. It is thus possible to manufacture an electronic component that exhibits excellent piezoelectric characteristics, in which the electromechanical coupling coefficient and the quality factor of a resonator are increased.

Abstract: A pipe coupler gripping each pipe with hand grip actuated clamps, and seating the end of one pipe in the aligned end of another pipe using leverage plates having a slot or channel with a drop notch, facilitating additional leveraging.

Abstract: A method of making an encoder for use in a speed sensor includes providing a metal tube. A material containing ferrite is then extruded over the metal tube to produce an encoder tube. The encoder tube is cut to a given length to form an encoder. The encoder is then magnetized within a magnetic field.

Abstract: It is necessary to stabilize the free layer of GMR or TMR devices by providing a longitudinal bias field. As read tracks become very narrow, this field can drastically reduce the strength of the output signal. This problem has been overcome by adding an additional, compensatory, bias layer. This layer is permanently magnetized in the same direction as the main bias magnet. Through control of the magnetization strength and location of the compensatory bias layer, cancellation of the field induced in the free layer, by the main bias layers, is achieved. A process for manufacturing the devices is also described.

Abstract: Problems such as thermal pole tip protrusion result from thermal mismatch between the alumina and pole material during the writing process. This, and similar problems due to inadequate heat dissipation, have been overcome by dividing the bottom shield into two pieces both of which sit on top of a non-magnetic heat sink. Heat generated by the coil during writing is transferred to the non-magnetic heat sink whence it gets transferred to the substrate. With this approach, the head not only benefits from less field disturbance due to the small shield but also improves heat dissipation from the additional heat sink.

Abstract: In a conventional spin valve the shunt resistance of the pinning layer reduces the overall efficiency of the device. This problem has been overcome by using IrMn for the pinning layer at a thickness of about 20 Angstroms or less. For the IrMn to be fully effective it must be subjected to a two-step anneal, first in the presence of a high field (about 10 kOe) for several hours and then in a low field (about 500 Oe) while it cools. The result, in addition to improved pinning, is the ability to do testing at the full film and full wafer levels.

Abstract: Using a beam of xenon ions together with a suitable mask, a GMR stack is ion milled until a part of it, no more than about 0.1 microns thick, has been removed so that a pedestal, having sidewalls comprising a vertical section that includes all of the free layer, has been formed. This is followed by formation of the longitudinal bias and conductive lead layers in the usual way. Using xenon as the sputtering gas enables the point at which milling is terminated to be more precisely controlled.