Abstract: The invention provides a method of preventing contamination of a canvas of a paper machine, whereby antifouling effect on the canvas can always be maintained and precise drying efficiency is ensured. With the method of preventing contamination of the canvas for pressing a paper strip against the surface of drum-dryers used for drying the paper strip in a paper machine, a predetermined amount of a surface treatment agent P is continuously supplied to the surface of the canvases C2, C3, facing the paper strip, in a stage of operation prior to the paper strip being pressed into contact with the canvases C2, C3 as well as the drum-dryers C1, while the paper strip is being fed by operation of the paper machine.

Abstract: An anti-rewet fabric is used for carrying a fiber web through an air press. The ant-rewet fabric includes at least one air distribution fabric layer, one air distribution fabric layer being configured for contacting the fiber web, and a perforated film layer and/or a spectra membrane, at least the perforated film layer being made of a polymeric or polyester film. At least the perforated film layer has a first film side and a second film side, the first film side being one of laminated and attached to the one air distribution fabric layer.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a glazing panel comprises the steps of: a) taking a glazing panel having on one of its surfaces (i) a substantially transparent coating layer having a transformable portion, and (ii) an enamel material associated with the transformable portion of the coating layer; and b) causing an interaction between the transformable portion of the coating layer and the enamel material associated therewith by healing the glazing panel to a temperature above about 300° C. This may render a portion of the coating layer less susceptible to corrosion and/or non-conductive to electricity.

Abstract: The present invention provides a bonded membrane-electrode assembly for electrolysis of water, which enables the generation of hydrogen capable of being used as a fuel for a fuel cell by electrolyzing water, and a water electrolyzer constructed using the bonded membrane-electrode assembly, so that hydrogen can be produced safely. The bonded membrane-electrode assembly includes a solid polymer electrolyte membrane, an oxygen electrode bonded to one of sides of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane, a hydrogen electrode bonded to the other side of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane. The oxygen electrode includes a porous sheet-shaped carbon element plated with iridium and coated with a mixture containing carbon and a resin for a solid polymer membrane.

Abstract: A bipolar zero-gap electrolytic cell comprising an anode comprising an anode substrate constituted of a titanium expanded metal or titanium metal net of 25 to 70% opening ratio, which anode after coating the substrate with a catalyst has a surface of 5 to 50 ?m unevenness difference maximum and has a thickness of 0.7 to 2.0 mm. In this electrolytic cell, the possibility of breakage of ion exchange membrane is low, and the anolyte and catholyte have a concentration distribution falling within given range. With this electrolytic cell, stable electrolysis can be performed for a prolonged period of time with less variation of cell internal pressure.

Abstract: A multimode electrochemical sensing array formed on an integrated circuit chip is structured to provide electrochemical determination of acidity or alkalinity, as well as electrochemical and potentiometric measurement of oxidation/reduction potentials, conductivity measurements, electrostatic discharge protection, and ground provisioning.

Abstract: While the present invention has been described in conjunction with a preferred embodiment, one of ordinary skill, after reading the foregoing specification, will be able to effect various changes, substitutions of equivalents, and other alterations to the compositions and methods set forth herein. It is therefore intended that the protection granted by Letters Patent hereon be limited only by the definitions contained in the appended claims and equivalents thereof.

Abstract: A producing method of a flexible wired circuit board that can prevent the formation of a gap between an elongate substrate and a stiffener sheet bonded thereto to prevent contamination of the flexible wired circuit board obtained. In the process subsequent to the process of forming a conductive pattern 3 on a surface of the elongate substrate 1 by the semi-additive process using electrolysis plating and then annealing the elongate substrate 1 with the conductive pattern 3 in its wound up state, a stiffener sheet 9 having a width narrower than the elongate substrate 1 is bonded to the back side of the elongate substrate 1. Thereafter, an oxidized film formed on a surface of the conductive pattern 3 is removed and then a solder resist 11 is formed thereon. This prevents the strip of the stiffener sheet 9 from the elongate substrate 1 and in turn prevents etching solution or developing solution from entraining in a gap therebetween.

Abstract: An electroplating system (30) and process makes electrical current density across a semiconductor device substrate (20) surface more uniform during plating to allow for a more uniform or tailored deposition of a conductive material. The electrical current density modifiers (364 and 37) reduce the electrical current density near the edge of the substrate (20). By reducing the current density near the edge of the substrate (20), the plating becomes more uniform or can be tailored so that slightly more material is plated near the center of the substrate (20). The system can also be modified so that the material that plates on electrical current density modifier portions (364) of structures (36) can be removed without having to disassemble any portion of the head (35) or otherwise remove the structures (36) from the system. This in-situ cleaning reduces the amount of equipment downtime, increases equipment lifetime, and reduces particle counts.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is provided for depositing and planarizing a material layer on a substrate. In one embodiment, an apparatus is provided which includes a partial enclosure, a permeable disc, a diffuser plate and optionally an anode. A substrate carrier is positionable above the partial enclosure and is adapted to move a substrate into and out of contact or close proximity with the permeable disc. The partial enclosure and the substrate carrier are rotatable to provide relative motion between a substrate and the permeable disc. In another aspect, a method is provided in which a substrate is positioned in a partial enclosure having an electrolyte therein at a first distance from a permeable disc. A current is optionally applied to the surface of the substrate and a first thickness is deposited on the substrate. Next, the substrate is positioned closer to the permeable disc. During the deposition, the partial enclosure and the substrate are rotated relative one another.

Abstract: A method for treating the surface of an object to be treated includes introducing a surface treatment fluid into a reaction vessel (4) capable of receiving an object, introducing-the surface treatment fluid into a separation vessel (14) after the object is subjected to surface treatment, and circulating the surface treatment fluid, from which a contaminant has already been removed, to the reaction vessel (4). At the time of treatment on the surface of the object, a circulation passage for the surface treatment fluid including the reaction vessel (4) is communicated and the surface treatment fluid is constantly circulated through the circulation passage.

Abstract: An electroplating method calls for immersing a body to be plated in a plating solution containing tin and bismuth to form a tin-bismuth alloy skin layer on surfaces of the body. The plating is carried out such that a solid tin metal and a solid bismuth metal placed in the plating solution are connected to an anode and the body to be plated is connected to a cathode of a power supply.

Abstract: A biosensor capable of measuring the concentration of one or more specific substances in one or more sample solutions almost simultaneously is provided. The biosensor comprises a plurality of sensor units, and each of the sensor units comprises an electrode system including a working electrode and a counter electrode on an insulating base plate and a reagent system including an oxidoreductase and an electron mediator. The biosensor is so configured that sample solutions supplied to the respective sensor units reach the respective reagent systems at different times. Specifically, each of the sensor units has a controlling system between a sample supply inlet and the reagent system, and the controlling system controls the time it takes for the sample solution to reach the reagent system from the sample supply inlet.

Abstract: A process for selectively producing C2 to C4 olefins from feedstock such as a gas oil or resid. The feedstock is reacted in a first stage comprising a fluid catalytic cracking unit wherein it is converted in the presence of a mixture of conventional large pore zeolitic catalyst and a medium pore zeolitic catalyst to reaction products, including a naphtha boiling range stream. The naphtha boiling range stream is introduced into a second stage where it is contacted with a catalyst containing from about 10 to about 50 wt. % of a crystalline zeolite having an average pore diameter less than about 0.7 nanometers at reaction conditions which include temperatures ranging from about 500 to about 650° C. and a hydrocarbon partial pressure from about 10 to about 40 psia (about 70 to about 280 kPa).

Abstract: An amorphous support, methods for making the same and methods of using, particularly in hydrocracking. A method of making may comprise mixing a first amorphous material and a second amorphous material of different acidities to form a mixture, and treating by either separately treating the first and second amorphous materials before mixing or treating the mixture, so as to form an amorphous catalyst support. Treating preferably includes calcining. The acidity of the amorphous support may be modified by the different acidities of the precursor amorphous materials, their proportions in the mixture, and/or the order of the mixing and treating steps. A method of use may comprise reacting a hydrocarbon fraction with hydrogen over a hydrocracking catalyst comprising the amorphous catalyst support to form a hydrocracked product. Further embodiments include the first and second amorphous materials comprising silica-alumina, and/or differing in Brönsted acidity, Lewis acidity, or acidity index.

Abstract: A separating agent which combines a high optical resolving power inherent in polysaccharide derivatives with sufficient solvent resistance and a method with which the separating agent can be produced efficiently in short steps. The separating agent for enantiomeric isomers is characterized in that a polymerizable polysaccharide derivative of a polysaccharide derivative having polymerizable functional groups and a polymerizable monomer having polymerizable unsaturated groups are copolymerized with a carrier having polymerizable functional groups to be chemically bound mutually. The separating agent is preferably used for high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and has an excellent solvent resistance.

Abstract: An apparatus for filtering a liquid, with a housing, a liquid inlet arranged in the housing, a liquid outlet arranged in the housing, a filter for removing particles from a liquid stream arranged between the liquid inlet and the liquid outlet, and at least one additive for functionally altering the liquid properties arranged in the apparatus, in which the additive is arranged in the interior volume of the apparatus and is shaped in a colloidally disperse, dimensionally stable, elastic form corresponding to at least one geometric space defined by an interior structure of the apparatus or of the filter for removing the particles.

Abstract: A multifunctional shutting device for a lubrication filter includes a safety device with triple valve shutting. The safety device includes a first valve for closing the oil intake in the filter with a view to dismantle the filter, a second bypass valve that opens when the filter is blocked and a third valve that opens in the event of excess pressure in the hydraulic circuit. The multiple valve structure is particularly applicable to the lubrication system in an aircraft engine but can be used in other hydraulic circuits subject to similar issues.

Abstract: A water filter device includes a container (1) that has an opening for filling of water, and a filter unit (3) that is movable relative to the container (1). It is significant of the device that the filter unit (3) includes a filter element (5), an operating rod (7) connected to the filter element (5) and sealing means (14) along the periphery of the filter element (5), and that the filter element (5) has a particle filter (10) and an adsorption filter (11).

Abstract: A direct flow filter includes a pleated filter element filtering fluid flowing axially therethrough parallel to the wall segment pleat tip bend lines. Embossments on the wall segments have a height extending along a lateral direction into a respective flow channel to maintain channel width and guiding and directing fluid axially into and along the flow channels from the upstream ends of the wall segments.

Abstract: A filter has multiple pleated filter elements having axially extending channels having a transverse pleat channel height and a lateral channel width. The pleated filter elements have different channel heights.

Abstract: A waste treatment system suitable for domestic use and capable of producing water suitable for recycling within the household. The system includes a bioreactor (30) and a decomposition chamber (16). The bioreactor (30) is adapted to digest liquid-base waste material using bacteria and is operable under anaerobic, anoxic and/or aerobic conditions. The decomposition chamber (16) decomposes substantially solid waste generated in the bioreactor. The bioreactor and decomposition chamber are in fluid communication such that substantially solid waste material generated in the bioreactor can be transferred to the decomposition chamber for further treatment. Resulting solids may optionally be forwarded to a vegetation cell (24) and the liquid (34) leaving the bioreactor may be optionally passed to a membrane treatment unit (40) and a disinfection unit (50).

Abstract: A wastewater treatment process is provided that entails both a biological or activated sludge process and a ballasted flocculation process. A first stream of wastewater is directed to a biological system for biologically treating the wastewater. The biological treatment process produces a first effluent and a first sludge. In cases where the biological system is an activated sludge process, the first sludge is recycled. A second stream of wastewater is directed to a ballasted flocculation system. The second stream of wastewater can be a stream independent of the first stream of wastewater or can be derived from the wastewater passing through the biological system. Sludge in the form of activated sludge or mixed liquor from the biological system is mixed with a second stream of wastewater in the ballasted flocculation system for the purpose of biologically treating the second stream of wastewater.

Abstract: This invention relates to a composition of matter comprising a functionalized mordant polymer comprising a cationic polymer having an adsorbed metal-ion sequestrant, wherein the metal-ion sequestrant has a stability constant greater than 1010 with iron (III). It further relates to an article comprising said composition and a method of removing target metal-ions from an environment comprising contacting the environment with said composition.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of treating inorganic and organic compounds in wastewater, such as leachate. The treatment method involves the use of a amphiphilic particles that consist of hydrophobic cores and amine-containing polymer shells. The method of making the particles and their structures are such that the particles have diameters in the range of 100 to 500 nm and they may be used multiples of times more in treating wastewater, through the process of regenerating the particles.

Abstract: A method of making a mold includes forming spaced mold cavities in a mold body. The mold cavities include geometrically similar portions, but have respective depths below an initial reference surface that vary as a function of position along a particular direction. The mold cavities can be formed using anisotropic etching of preferred crystal directions in single crystal materials such as silicon. A portion of the mold material adjacent the initial reference surface is removed to expose a new reference surface at a tilt angle with respect to the initial reference surface. The modified mold cavities have their respective axes at a new desired tilt angle relative to the new reference surface.

Abstract: A method for milling a structure. A single- or multi-layer resist having no undercut is added to a surface of a structure to be milled, the surface to be milled defining a plane. A milling process, such as ion milling, is performed. The milling process includes milling the structure at high incidence and milling the structure at razing incidence. The milling process can be performed only once, or repeated multiple times. High incidence can be defined as about 65 to about 90 degrees from the plane of the surface being milled. Razing incidence can be defined as about 0 to about 30 degrees from the plane of the surface being milled.

Abstract: A method is provided for producing a lithographic pattern using a mask that includes the same materials as the material to be etched, allowing the pattern to be transferred and the etch mask to be removed in one step. In accordance with features of the invention, the method includes building up of a layer or layers of material of specific thickness on top of a substrate so that temporal control of an etching process allows formation of the desired pattern. Different exchange bias directions can be established by the use of shape anisotropy for the exchange biased component of a spin valve device. This enables several different magnetic reference directions to be present on a single chip, which allows a more compact magnetic field sensor to be developed. In accordance with features of the invention, different field directions are established on one single chip by using shape anisotropy.

Abstract: A large diameter glass wafer is pattern-etched to provide a plurality of elongated lens elements arranged side-by-side, the etching leaving small rods in place to keep the lens elements connected to the wafer during mirror processing. The etching provides curved surfaces for lenses and flat surfaces for mirrors. The mirrors are formed by selectively depositing reflective material on the flat surfaces. The reflective material may comprise an oxide, nitride, sulfide, or fluoride of a transition metal. The flat surfaces that define the mirrors are disposed at angles to the longitudinal dimension of each lens element. In use in an optical disc system, light from a laser diode is reflected by the mirrors and directed at an optical disc through a first lens. Light returns from the disc on a parallel path through a second lens, passes through the lens element, and is directed at a photodetector. The system may include an elongated base element attached to each lens element.

Abstract: A substrate (wafer) processing method for producing an ink jet recording head substrate in which the reverse surface thereof, that is, the surface having the larger of the two openings of the ink supply hole, is precisely covered by a protective film to the very edge of the hole, including: a step for forming a protective film on the substrate; a step for etching the surface of the protective film; a step for forming an etching resistant film on the etched surface of the protective film; a step for forming an ink supply hole pattern through the etchant-resistant film and protective film; a step for forming the ink supply hole through the substrate by etching; a step for removing a portion of the protective film left projecting into the ink supply hole while forming the ink supply hole; and a step for removing the etchant-resistant film.

Abstract: A method for in-situ monitoring a process in a plasma processing system having a plasma processing chamber is disclosed. The method includes positioning a substrate in the plasma processing chamber. The method also includes striking a plasma within the plasma processing chamber while the substrate is disposed within the plasma processing chamber. The method further includes obtaining a measured self-bias voltage that exists after the plasma is struck, the measured self-bias voltage value having a first value when the plasma is absent and at least a second value different from the first value when the plasma is present. The method also includes correlating the measured self-bias voltage value with an attribute of the process, if the measured self-bias voltage value is outside of a predefined self-bias voltage value envelope.

Abstract: This invention describes a refrigerating oil composition for natural substance-based refrigerants which comprises (A) a synthetic oil component comprising a polyether compound having a pour point of ?10° C. or lower and (B) a mineral oil component comprising sulfur components, wherein the ratio of amounts by weight of component (A) to component (B) is in the range of 25:75 to 99:1 and the amount of the sulfur components derived from component (B) in the composition is in the range of 5 to 1,000 ppm. The refrigerating oil composition has excellent miscibility with natural substance-based refrigerants and, in particular, with ammonia-based refrigerants, exhibits an improved lubricity and used for industrial refrigerators using natural substance-based refrigerants such as ammonia, propane, butane and carbon dioxide.

Abstract: Composition of Hypochlorous acid characterized because it has the following chemical composition Hypochlorous acid 6.5-7.3% Hydrochloric acid 27.6-28.5% Sodium chloride 13.6-14.2% Sodium hypochlorite 34.8-35.4% Chlorine in solution 7-6.5% Dissolved oxygen 10.5-8.1% The composition of hypochlorous acid has medical application in humans and in veterinary practice, both prophylactic and therapeutic. It can also be applied in antisepsis and sterilization of foods and in the treatment of water and water supply systems. In flower growing is can be used for the disinfection of crops and the elimination of fusarium and sigatoka negra.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the color stabilization of hydroquinone hydroxyethyl ethers by phosphite compounds containing the bis-cyclic structure of spiro phosphites, both rings being attached to the same tertiary carbon atom in the phosphite molecule.

Abstract: A process for the production of coated carbonaceous particles including: providing a carbon residue forming material; providing particles of a carbonaceous material; mixing the carbon residue forming material and the particles of a carbonaceous material at an elevated temperature; depositing a coating of the carbon residue forming material onto the surface of the particles; and stabilizing the coated particles by subjecting the particles to an oxidation reaction. These coated carbonaceous particles are particularly useful in the manufacture of electrodes in electrical storage cells, particularly in rechargeable electrical storage cells.

Abstract: The invention relates to a conductive infrared-absorbing coating material consisting of indium tin oxide. According to the invention, said coating material has a yellow index of above 15.

Abstract: Silica-based particles coated with antimony oxide with a low refractive index and having conductivity are provided. The silica-based particles coated with antimony oxide comprise porous or hollow silica-based particles with antimony oxide coated thereon. A refractive index of the silica-based particles coated with antimony oxide is in the range from 1.35 to 1.60 with the volume resistivity value in the range from 10 to 5000 ?/cm and the average particle diameter in the range from 5 to 300 nm, and the thickness of the antimony oxide coating layer is in the range from 0.5 to 30 nm.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a light-guide plate includes preparing an upper mold frame having an inclined inner surface and a lower mold frame having a space therein, preparing a micro pattern plate having a surface including one of a plurality of grooves and a plurality of protrusions formed using photolithographic processes, inserting the micro pattern plate into the space of the lower mold frame, the surface of the micro pattern plate facing the inclined inner surface of the upper mold frame, positioning the upper and lower mold frames together, and injecting light-guide plate forming material into a space between the upper and lower mold frames.

Abstract: A liquid-form adhesive, which is a raw material of the cover layer, is supplied to a plate surface of the disc substrate, which has been set on a turntable, after which a dummy substrate is set on the disc substrate. The dummy substrate is positioned to be concentric with the disc substrate. A setting surface of the dummy substrate is disposed to face the plate surface. In this state, the disc substrate is rotated together with the dummy substrate by rotation of the turntable, and the adhesive is spread to an outer peripheral side of the disc substrate by centrifugal force. Thus, the adhesive fills a space between the plate surface and the setting surface, and is spin-coated on the plate surface. Irregularities in thickness of the applied adhesive are suppressed by the setting surface of the dummy substrate.

Abstract: A method for analyzing injection molding conditions, which takes into consideration the compressibility of molten resin in a barrel and mechanical delays in resin flow caused by constituent elements of an injection molding machine and analysis results thereof are provided. In a method for analyzing injection molding conditions in which, by using input data having shape data (31) and injection conditions data (37) to perform flow analysis of the process of filling the inside of the mold with molten resin, analysis of the pressure maintenance process from the filling with molten resin to the gate sealing, and analysis of the cooling process within the mold after gate sealing, the pressure and temperature distributions of resin within the mold are calculated, data (43) regarding compressibility of molten resin held in the barrel of the cylinder and mechanical data caused by constituent elements of the injection molding machine are added to the input data.

Abstract: A method for forming a foamed product integral with a sheet of covering material utilizing a forming apparatus which comprises a first die, a second die housed within the first die and having air-ventilating holes, and a third die adapted to be combined with the first die, to thereby provide a forming cavity between the second die and the third die, the method comprising the steps of preparing a three-dimensional, air-permeable trim cover having a two layer structure comprising a layer of foamed material and a sheet of covering material laminated with the foamed material layer, putting the trim cover on the second die such that the sheet of covering material is facing the second die, applying vacuum to the trim cover through the air-ventilating holes of the second die to draw the trim cover onto the second die, causing the third die to be combined with the first die to define the forming cavity in cooperation with the first die, thereafter stopping the applying of the vacuum to the trim cover, and pouring exp

Abstract: A mold temperature adjusting apparatus is provided in which change-over timing of high temperature medium and low temperature medium is adjusted by a heat transmission delay in heating and cooling of a mold being taken into consideration, so that a cycle time of molding steps is shortened, a temperature deflection from a set temperature of the high temperature and low temperature medium is reduced, an energy loss is reduced and an optimal mold temperature for an injection step can be obtained.

Abstract: An in-mold foam molding equipment, includes at least a movable partition member for dividing a molding space formed by a pair of molds into divided spaces, wherein the partition member is composed of a plurality of divisional partition members, wherein each of the divisional partition members individually has a retreat positioning protrusion and a insert positioning protrusion, and the divisional partition members are installed in a slider, wherein the slider is configured to move between the retreat positioning protrusions and the insert positioning protrusions, and the divisional partition members are configured to be movable in cooperation with the motion of the slider moving by contacting with the retreat positioning protrusions or the insert positioning protrusions, so that the divisional partition members divide the molding space into divided spaces, and therefore an integral molded article suppressed in occurrence of large protrusions and deep holes can be manufactured.

Abstract: Systems, methods and apparatuses for manufacturing dosage forms, and to dosage forms made using such systems, methods and apparatuses are provided. Novel compression, thermal cycle molding, and thermal setting molding modules are disclosed. One or more of such modules may be linked, preferably via novel transfer device, into an overall system for making dosage forms.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method of controlling dimensional relations between an original pattern present in a mold and a recorded pattern formed in a layer of a substrate. In this manner, the size of the recorded pattern may appear to be magnified and/or reduced, when compared to the original pattern. To that end, the method comprises defining a region on the layer in which to produce the recorded pattern. The substrate is bent to produce a contoured surface in the region. Dimensional variations in the original pattern are produced by bending the mold, defining a varied pattern. The contoured surface and the mold are provided to have similar radii of curvatures. The varied pattern is then recorded in the layer. These and other embodiments of the present invention are discussed more fully below.

Abstract: A method for producing an interior trim part in a vehicle having a decorative layer of leather, wherein the fiber structure of the leather is fixed by undercooling or by a fixing agent at least along a desired weakened line before the weakened line is produced by a laser and for the duration of the laser treatment. The leather comprises a dermis having an underside and a top skin having a decorative side. The weakened line is preferably formed by a series of perforations.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of making a three-dimensional object, comprising the steps of: (a) forming a powder material layer (10) of inorganic material; (b) irradiating an optical beam (L) on a predetermined portion of the powder material layer (10) to form a first sintered layer (11) and integrate the first sintered layer (11) with a second sintered layer (11) just below the first sintered layer (11); (c) repeating the steps (a) and (b) to form a sintered block (B) united with a plurality of the first and second sintered layers (11), the sides of the sintered block (B) including a concave portion (g); (d) removing an excess portion (17) from a surface of the sintered block (B); and (e) repeating the steps (c) and (d) with respect to the sintered block (B) from which the excess portion (17) is removed, in order to make a target shape of a three-dimensional object united with a plurality of the sintered blocks (B).

Abstract: A method for producing ceramic micromanufactured items comprises the following stages: a starting material constituting at least a micromanufactured item (1) is prepared and used to from the micromanufactured item (1); said starting material includes at least a pre-ceramic polymer, and the method further comprises a stage in which the inner structure of the starting material is modified, said structure being turned from a polymeric structure to a ceramic structure after the forming stage of said micromanufactured item (1).

Abstract: A method of making an inert anode (12?) for use in an electrochemical cell first provides a hollow shaped mold (12) where a metal mandrel (17?) having raised male threads (50) at its top diameter (52) is inserted into the mold (12) and a compressible powder (19, 21) added, then the powder is compressed to form recessed female grooves (70) matching the mandrel threads (50) where the mandrel (17?) is engaged and withdrawn along with the compressed powder inert anode after which the mandrel is rotated to unscrew it from the compressed powder and the compressed powder shape is then placed on a tray (27) and heated to sintering temperature.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling gas layer thickness on the surface of casting rolls in a twin roll strip caster includes: a pair of chambers fixedly mounted on both lateral portions of the meniscus shield in a width direction of a strip; blocking units for blocking introduction of pollutants into the molten metal pool, wherein each of the blocking units includes front and rear barrier members which are mounted on each of the chambers and in close contact with an outer periphery of each casting roll and a blower for injecting inert gas toward the outer periphery of each casting roll; operating units for adjusting the thickness and the width of gas layers at both ends of the casting rolls, wherein each of the operating units includes suction lines connected with each chamber to transmit a suction force to ends of each casting roll and a pair of movable plates slidably assembled to both side portions within each chamber for being reciprocated by movable members; and a control unit for controlling the suction force