Abstract: The present invention provides a plasma processing unit comprising: a processing vessel having an opening on a ceiling side thereof, and capable of creating a vacuum therein; a stage disposed in the processing vessel, for placing thereon an object to be processed; a top plate made of a dielectric, the top plate being hermetically fitted in the opening and allowing a microwave to pass therethrough; a planar antenna member disposed on the top plate, the planar antenna member being provided with a plurality of microwave radiating holes for radiating a microwave for plasma generation toward an inside of the processing vessel; a slow-wave member disposed on the planar antenna member, for shortening a wavelength of a microwave; and a microwave interference restraining part disposed on a lower surface of the top plate, the microwave interference restraining part separating the lower surface into a plurality of concentric zones and restraining a microwave interference between the zones.

Abstract: A CVD (chemical vapor deposition) reactor having a horizontal coating plane and power source-controlled hot filaments is disclosed. The CVD reactor has a chamber, rotating electrodes provided inside the chamber, hot filaments connected to the rotating electrodes to form a horizontal coating plane above a substrate, and a rotating power source, which is controlled to rotate the rotating electrodes and to further stretch the hot filaments when the hot filaments expand due to a temperature change, prohibiting the hot filaments from touching the substrate.

Abstract: A CVD (chemical vapor deposition) reactor having a vertical coating plane and power source-controlled hot filaments is disclosed. The CVD reactor has a chamber, one or a number of rotating electrodes, hot filaments, and a rotating power source at each rotating electrode. When the hot filaments expand due to hot, the rotating power source rotates the rotating electrode(s) to stretch the hot filaments and to further maintain the predetermined tension of the hot filaments, thereby preventing vibration of the hot filaments so as not to interfere with the performance of the coating work and not to damage the substrate upon flowing of a gas in the chamber.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for fabricating a semiconductor device are provided. First plasma ions are introduced into a process chamber including a semiconductor substrate to amorphize the semiconductor substrate. An inert gas is introduced into the process chamber to purge the first plasma ions. Second plasma ions are introduced into the process chamber to remove impurities formed on the semiconductor substrate. The second plasma ions can be hydrogen ions. Since a PAI process and a cleaning process are performed in a single chamber, process efficiency improves. In addition, a cleaning process using hydrogen ions can reduce damage on the surface of the semiconductor substrate.

Abstract: A method and deposition system for increasing deposition rates of metal layers from metal-carbonyl precursors using CO gas and a dilution gas. The method includes providing a substrate in a process chamber of a processing system, forming a process gas containing a metal-carbonyl precursor vapor and a CO gas, diluting the process gas in the process chamber, and exposing the substrate to the diluted process gas to deposit a metal layer on the substrate by a thermal chemical vapor deposition process.

Abstract: A portable apparatus (1) for milking of animals (11-16) which are permitted to go loose is described. The apparatus (1) comprises a plurality of stalls (2) with at least one local milk tank (4) in each stall. The apparatus (1) comprises at least two separate lines (19, 20) arranged to receive the milk from the local milk tanks (4) in dependence of the quality of the milk.

Abstract: This invention refers to a teatcup liner and a teatcup. The liner (1) is mounted in a shell (2) of the teatcup and defines an inner space (3) for receiving a teat. The liner includes a primary component (12) forming a barrel. The primary component includes a peripheral portion (15), a primary connecting ring (16) and a lip (17) defining an opening (4). The secondary component includes a secondary peripheral portion (18) and a secondary connecting ring (20). The primary component is connectable to the secondary component for releasing the liner by a mutual engagement of the connecting rings. At least one of the connecting rings abuts the peripheral portion of the other component to form a sealing abutment between the two components.

Abstract: A combined feeder for both birds and squirrels is disclosed. One part of the feeder may be filled with birdseed, while the other part of the feeder may be filled with squirrel food. In one embodiment, squirrels are prevented from eating the birdseed.

Abstract: The purpose of the Pet Caddy would be to eliminate the pet owner from having to walk throughout the house looking for pet food or for miscellaneous pet items. Thus, making it easier for the pet owner to have all their pet needs in one convenient Pet Caddy. The Pet Caddy can be used inside or outside the home. The Pet Caddy should be made with durable material to tolerate the outside elements. It can be used when camping, on vacations or while traveling. The Pet Caddy should be made in two sizes. 1. To hold a 10 lb. bag of dry pet food for smaller pets, and. 2. To hold a 20 lb. bag of pet food for larger pets. The Front of the Pet Caddy has been left blank leaving room for the pet to walk up to eat and drink. The Rear of the Pet Caddy has a double pouch that would be used for storing the pet leash, pet brush, pet treats etc . . . . The double pouch would be made of soft thin plastic durable material able to weather the outside elements.

Abstract: The present invention provides a pet bowl that is releasably securable to a stabilizing base that also stores a lid during use. Optional bowl liners are replaceable and disposable, allowing the use of the pet bowl system during travel with or without the liners. A lid-lip sealing construction allow users to seal a lid over a partially used liner in the bowl for temporary storage or transport. An opening in the stabilizing base provides an optional storage region. Bowl liners may be individually sealed, include multiple sections, and may be sold separately for the travel convenience of pet owners. The bowl liners may also include a liner-lip sealing or other construction that removably secures the liner in the bowl during use while providing a rim-tab to enable easy removal.

Abstract: A solar bird fountain is provided with illumination directed to the fluid reservoir of the fountain to provide level indication in low light element as well as a pleasing reflection.

Abstract: A pet toilet 10 having a toilet box 13, a drainboard 14 partitioning the toilet box into an upper compartment and a lower compartment, an excreta treating material 15 laid in the upper compartment, and an urine absorbent member 11 laid in the lower compartment. The drainboard is an integral structure formed of a plurality of longitudinally extending ribs 17 spaced parallel with each other and a plurality of transversely extending ribs 18a and 18b intersecting the longitudinally extending ribs 17 and spaced parallel with each other to have drain holes 12. Each drain hole 12 has a longitudinal dimension S2 at least twice its transverse dimension S1. The transversely extending ribs include ribs 18a with a smaller height Hi from the drainboard surface 14a downward and ribs 18b with a larger height H2 from the drainboard surface 14a downward, the ribs 18a and the ribs 18b alternating with each other.

Abstract: The present invention provides for an off-shore unitary fish farming apparatus, including: a plurality of floatable fish containers aligned sequentially having attachment means for flexibly connecting the containers to maintain the containers in a predetermined relationship to one another, a dampening means attached to at least one of the containers to reduce current and wave and also deflect any floating debris away from the containers, a fish feed tank for holding, mixing and distribution of fish feed slurry to each of the plurality of fish containers, the fish tank having a securing means for attaching the dampening means to the tank; a feed dispenser for radially dispensing fish feed in the container directly beneath the water surface, anchor means to anchor the apparatus to an aquatic floor, the anchor means allowing radial movement of the tank around an anchor position and a crane mounted on the fish feed tank.

Abstract: An animal flossing bone having a bone length comprising a plurality of longitudinally-aligned fibers bound intermittently along the length to provide at least one fiber portion accessible to the teeth of an animal. The bone, optionally, contains a dental fluoride compound and a flavouring agent.

Abstract: An apparatus for the virtual fencing of an animal is provided which includes a microprocessor for continuously determining the position of an animal relative to a target and to determine whether the animal is moving relative to the target. The apparatus further includes a stimulus unit for applying a sensory stimulus to the animal in response to signals received from the microprocessor. The microprocessor is programmable such that if the distance between the animal and the target is less than a predetermined distance and if the animal is moving in a direction towards the target a stimulus is applied to the animal and the stimulus is withdrawn when the animal either stops, retreats from the target, or accelerates whilst the distance between the animal and the target is less than the predetermined distance. In addition a method for the virtual fencing of an animal is provided.

Abstract: A remote controlled animal training system includes a wireless transmitter capable of transmitting a plurality of wireless signals non-concurrently. Each wireless signal of the plurality of signals is representative of one of a plurality of predetermined stimulus levels. A wireless receiver is capable of receiving the wireless signal from the transmitter. A demodulator is in communication with the RF receiver, demodulating the wireless signal to produce a digital signal. A microprocessor is in communication with the demodulator for receiving the digital signal from the demodulator and producing a pulse signal therefrom. A first output device is in communication with the microprocessor. The first output device produces a stimulus of intensity relative to a characteristic of the pulse signal.

Abstract: An apparatus for use as a harness for a child so as to ensure that such child is within reach, the apparatus comprises a back pack member having a predetermined shape, a predetermined size and formed of a predetermined material for storing needed items. A securing means is engageable with the back pack and with such child for securing the back pack to such child's body, and an extension lead member is removably engageable with one of the back pack and the securing means for providing a predetermined distance that such child may stray from a care giver.

Abstract: The invention is a barrier preventing insects from irritating the eyes and face of animals by means of a band embedded with hair or synthetic hair which is stretched across the animals' forehead creating a removable browband and attached to a bridle, halter, cap or similar device, thus creating a form of wig for the animal's naturally occurring forelock. It enhances insect protection creating a formidable barrier by increasing the length, thickness and amount of hair that would normally occur on an animal with a forelock, such as a horse. It could be adapted for use by a variety of animals with or without a naturally occurring forelock. Its light weight allows the barrier to set over the eyes and face without moving away from the protruding eyes, providing a non-irritating and attractive insect shield. It can be further embellished for decorative purposes.

Abstract: The “Buoyant Animal Collar” is essentially a flexible pad made from closed-cell foam that is wrapped around the neck of a dog or animal for providing additional buoyant support to the head of the dog or animal when the dog or animal is swimming while holding an object in the open mouth. The “Buoyant Animal Collar” assists in keeping a dog's lower jaw sufficiently above the surface of the water in order to reduce the amount of water that enters the dog's throat as the dog swims while holding an object in the open mouth. The “Buoyant Animal Collar” can be worn comfortably by a dog with minimal interference with the dog's natural swimming ability, is not restrictive to the dog's agility of movement on land, is not at risk of being rendered useless if punctured, is simple to apply to the dog, and is convenient for a person to carry.

Abstract: A plurality of first joint tubes 40 connected to a plurality of heat transfer tubes 3 and a plurality of second joint tubes 50 provided at a header 5B are connected to each other at joints J. The joints J include at least one slide joint Ja at which respective ends of the first and the second joint tubes 40 and 50 are fitted to each other slidably in a predetermined direction. The joints J further include at least one butt joint Jb at which an end of either one of the first and the second joint tubes butts against a sealing surface provided at the other one of the first and the second joint tubes. The butt position of the sealing surface and the end is variable in a direction crossing the predetermined direction. With this arrangement, the influence of an error in the arrangement of the first and the second joint tubes 40 and 50 is reduced, so that the header 5B is properly connected to the heat transfer tubes 3 detachably, and the maintenance of the heat exchanger HE is facilitated.

Abstract: The invention is about a submerged combustion method and the device; in details, it is a submerged combustion method and the device utilizing turbine heat engine principle. In the invention, turbine power combustion means is used and substituted conventional submerged combustion system that must equip air blowing means. The high temperature gases generated from the combustion within the turbine power combustion means will do works on turbine, which will drive the air compressor means of the turbine power combustion means to induce air for combustion, and will drive the second-time complete combustion of high temperature gases and the complement fuel, and then the gases will come out from water bottom against tank water pressure and carry out heat interchange with tank water. The turbine submerged combustion boiler device of the invention need not equip air blowing means additionally which would consume energy. So it has high energy efficiency and a simple system structure.

Abstract: Plant for the production of combustible substances by means of depolymerisation of rubber products, comprising a depressurized depolymerising device (1), inside which it takes place the depolymerisation of a predetermined quantity of products introduced at its inner, characterized in that it comprises a divider or phases separator (2) disposed downstream said depolymerising device (1), which consists of a substantially cylindrical body, with an upper base (20) and a lower base (21), and is connected with the depolymerising device (1) by means of a pipe (3): said phases separator (2) being apt to carry out the separation of at least a part of the liquid phase of the products exiting the depolymerising device (1), and having an outlet (23) for the thus separated liquid phase and an outlet (24) for the remaining part of the products in mostly gaseous phase.

Abstract: In a cooling circuit for an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle including a pump device arranged upstream of the internal combustion engine, a cooler having an inlet side connected to a coolant outlet of the internal combustion engine and an outlet connected via a coolant line to the inlet side of the pump device, a cooler bypass line extending from the outlet side of the internal combustion engine to the inlet side of the pump device while bypassing the cooler and a switching valve arranged in the coolant line between the cooler and the pump device, a switching valve bypass duct is provided bypassing the switching valve and including a valve device which is open when the engine is shut down for reliable ventilation of the second coolant line during filling of the cooling circuit.

Abstract: A coolant groove-type internal combustion engine has a cylinder block that includes a frame having at least one longitudinal surface and a lateral member transverse to the longitudinal surface, the lateral member defining a coolant passage therethrough, wherein the lateral member also defines at least one cylinder opening and a groove coolant port extending from the coolant passage to the cylinder opening. A cylinder liner includes a cylindrical member, defining an elongated cylinder bore. The cylinder member has an outer surface that has a diameter that allows the cylindrical member to be fitted into the cylinder opening so as to form a coolant jacket between the outer surface of the cylindrical member and the longitudinal surface. The outer surface of the cylindrical member includes an upper portion that plugs the groove coolant port.

Abstract: A valve actuation mechanism are disclosed, which is capable of controlling the lift of valves of an engine by more than three on/off combinations. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the valve actuation mechanism is designed to control the opening and closing of engine valves by the use of an uncomplicated structure with minimum solenoid valves and hydraulic lines. By the valve actuation mechanism of the invention, not only the design of hydraulic line as well as that of space mechanism of an engine can be greatly simplified, but also the opening and closing of valves of an engine can be controlled thereby for enabling the engine to provide different valve lifts and thus satisfying different engine requirements, such as output power increasing, combustion efficiency improving, or cylinder deactivation.

Abstract: To effectively arrange actuators for control by individually controlling an intake valve and an exhaust valve in an internal combustion engine which includes a variable valve operating device for controling valve operating characteristics. An internal combustion engine includes a variable valve operating device having a valve characteristic variable mechanism for controling valve operating characteristics of engine valves consisting of an intake valve and an exhaust valve. The valve characteristic variable mechanism includes electrically operated motors for changing operational timings and lift quantities of the above-mentioned engine valves. The electrically operated motors are arranged outside a valve operating chamber. At the same time, the electrically operated motors are arranged close to the throttle body on a cylinder intake side.

Abstract: A system and method to control valve timing and valve lift of an engine is described. The intake valve timing can be retarded while the valve is in a low lift or high lift mode. The method can lower engine friction and reduce fuel consumption, at least under some conditions.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine is equipped to supply the camshaft bearings with pressurized oil via a first dedicated oil gallery independently of the hydraulic lash adjusters (HLAs) and any valve deactivation devices which are supplied from a second dedicated oil gallery. The galleries may be connected at their downstream ends and a flow restriction is placed in a connecting passage or within each HLA. An improved HLA is similar to a prior art HLA except that the prior art annular oil distribution groove in the outer surface of the HLA body is eliminated to prevent communication of the primary engine oil gallery with the HLA. The secondary gallery is formed remotely from the first oil gallery in the HLA residence bore in the engine, and the HLA is prevented from rotating within the residence bore.

Abstract: A lift-variable valve-operating system for an internal combustion engine, comprising: subsidiary cams which are swingably supported on a movable support shaft capable of being displaced within a plane perpendicular to a rotational axis of a valve-operating cam, and which are swung following the valve-operating cam; and rocker arms each operatively connected to an engine valve and operated following the subsidiary cams, operating characteristics including a lift amount of the engine valve being changed by displacing the movable support shaft, wherein the system further includes a control arm carried in an engine body to be capable of turning about a turning axis parallel to a rotational axis of the valve-operating cam, wherein the movable support shaft having an axis parallel to the turning axis of the control arm is retained on the control arm at a location offset from the turning axis, wherein a hydraulic tappet is mounted in the control arm to support one end of each of the rocker arms, and wherein a valve

Abstract: An oil control valve includes an operation unit at an upper part of a cam cap and an inner part of a head cover that changes a path of fluid into a continuously variable valve timing unit, and a connector that supplies power to the operation unit. The operation unit may include a sleeve, a valve movably located at the sleeve that directly changes the path of the fluid, and a driving portion that drives the valve. The connector may be located at the driving portion and exposed to outside the head cover. The driving portion may be higher than the sleeve, and may be inclined by approximately 30° with respect to a horizontal line. A hydraulic line may further be provided in the cam cap to guide the fluid into chambers of the continuously variable valve timing unit.

Abstract: A laser ignition arrangement for an internal combustion engine (1) comprising a laser light generating device (3) and a combustion chamber window (7, 7?) through which laser light (5) for ignition of a combustible mixture can be introduced into a combustion chamber (11) of the internal combustion engine (1), wherein the laser light generating device (3) is suitable for introducing laser light of an intensity (I) of at most 0.15 mJ/mm2 or at least 3 mJ/mm2 into the combustion chamber (11), wherein the intensity (I) can be attained on a side of the clean combustion chamber window (7, 7?), which side is towards the combustion chamber (11).

Abstract: To suppress the overall length of a camshaft including the length of a decompression device provided in an engine and also to suppress an increase in number of parts of the decompression device, an engine includes a decompression device having a decompression weight pivotably supported through a pivot shaft to a camshaft and adapted to be rotated at a predetermined angle by a centrifugal force generated during the rotation of the camshaft. A weight accommodating portion for pivotably accommodating the decompression weight is formed between the opposite end portions of the camshaft. The outer diameter of the decompression device mounted to the camshaft is smaller than that of a ball bearing. The decompression weight is directly engaged with one end of a decompression camshaft to thereby rotate the decompression camshaft.

Abstract: In an internal combustion engine wherein an intake manifold for performing intake for the front and rear cylinders is placed in a narrow and high-temperature V-bank, to provide a structure of an intake device that does not allow an overall height of the internal combustion engine to become high. An intake structure of a V-type internal combustion engine includes a throttle body having a throttle opening sensor on one end of a throttle valve shaft that is provided so that an intake passage of the throttle body can extend in a crankshaft direction between front and rear cylinders. The center of the intake passage of the throttle body is disposed to be shifted to one cylinder side, and the throttle opening sensor is placed on a side where the center of the intake passage of the throttle body is apart from the cylinder.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine having an intake channel for supply of fuel and combustion air, and divided over a portion of its length into a mixture channel, and into a supply channel for supply of largely fuel-free air. A simple manufacture of the engine and a simple construction are achieved if a portion of the intake channel is guided in an elastic intake adapter, whereby the intake adapter has a partition that extends over at least a portion of the length of the intake adapter and divides the intake channel into a mixture channel and a supply channel.

Abstract: An air duct orifice includes an adapter pipe inserted in and attached to an end portion of an air duct connected to an engine side; an orifice pipe protruding from an outer surface of the adapter pipe; and an orifice cover coupled to an upper opening formed on the orifice pipe. The orifice pipe is disposed in a receiving opening formed on the air duct. The orifice pipe has engaging jaws on two side surfaces, and the orifice cover has combining holes on two side surfaces. The engaging jaws are engaged with the combining holes. The side surfaces of the orifice pipe without engaging jaws and the side surfaces of the orifice cover without combining holes are spaced apart from each other to form a radiation path of noise. The air duct orifice further includes a small resonator mounted to a lower side surface of the air duct.

Abstract: The invention pertains to a device for controlling the opening and closing of an internal combustion engine valve. This device is characterized in that the magnetic circuit of the electromagnet and/or the plate contains a magnetic material having a remnant magnetization (Fp) when the valve is in position, the remnant magnetization (Fp) being reversible so as to be cancelled when the valve changes position and having a coercive field strength in the range of 10 Oe to 600 Oe.

Abstract: An integrated valve device includes a casing having intake passages respectively accommodating valves and separately connected with cylinders of an engine. The valves are skewered with a shaft extending through a through hole of each valve along a rotation axis. An actuator generates driving force to rotate the valves via the shaft. The shaft has a fitting portions respectively supporting the valves at mount angles. The mount angle of each valve with respect to each fitting portion is determined correspondingly to load torque applied to each valve toward a valve-open direction when being in a full close position.

Abstract: With a view to reducing the load imposed by a cantilevered balancer weight on a balancer shaft bearing while balancing the inertia force generated by the balancer weights with the center of gravity of a piston and connecting road system, a balancing device for an engine is provided, the device having a second balancer weight which is cantilevered at a position opposing a first balancer weight, wherein the balancer shaft bearing between the first and the second balancer weights is displaced toward the second balancer weight according to the axial direction of the balancer shaft for a certain distance from an intersection Y of the axis of the balancer shaft with a plane passing through the center of gravity Gp of the piston-connecting rod system so that the distance L2 between the intersection Y and the center of gravity G2 of the second balancer weight is longer than the distance L1 between the intersection Y and the center of gravity G1 of the first balancer weight and so that the moment created at the inters

Abstract: A cylinder (1) for a crankcase scavenged two-stroke engine, comprising a cylinder bore (2) with centre line (12) and on opposite sides of the cylinder located closed transfer ducts (3, 3?), which cylinder (1) has an underside (4) essentially perpendicular towards the cylinder bore (2), intended to be connected to a crankcase (5) in a parting plane (A), and besides an inlet (8) for air/fuel mixture, the cylinder is provided with at least one inlet (9, 9?) for additional air to the combustion chamber, which inlet for additional air runs through a cylinder wall (11) and via a recess in the piston and a transfer port (6, 6?) leads down into the transfer ducts (3, 3?).

Abstract: An air-cleaner support structure includes an air-cleaner, a first support portion and a second support portion. The air-cleaner is supported in an engine room via the first support portion and the second support portion. The first support portion is connected to the air cleaner using a bolt and the second support portion is connected to the air-cleaner using an insert member. The distance from the engine to the first support portion is shorter than the distance from the engine to the second support portion.

Abstract: A portable handheld work apparatus has an internal combustion engine (5) having a cylinder (8) and a crankcase (13). The cylinder (8) has an opening (19) for exhaust gases whereat an exhaust-gas muffler (14) is mounted. The exhaust-gas muffler (14) is mounted on the cylinder (8) at least at one attachment location (40, 41) and at least a further attachment location (42) on the internal combustion engine (5). A reduced weight of the work apparatus and a low mechanical load of the exhaust-gas muffler (14) can be achieved when the exhaust-gas muffler is fixed at at least one of the attachment locations (42) via a connection which permits a limited relative movement between the exhaust-gas muffler (14) and the internal combustion engine (5) in at least one direction.

Abstract: A diesel engine (1) includes a fuel supply passage (4) via which fuel is supplied from a fuel tank (2) to an oil pan (3) through a supply pump (6), a lubrication-system fuel supply passage (8) via which fuel is supplied from the oil pan (3) to engine parts (7) to be lubricated through a lubricating oil pump (10), and an injection-system fuel supply passage (13) via which fuel is supplied from the oil pan (3) to an injection system (12) through an injection pump (12).

Abstract: A fluid passage intersection (314) within a component (100) includes a supply passage (118) formed in the component (100), a cavity (316) in fluid communication with the supply passage (118), and at least one outlet passage (326) formed in the component (100) that is in fluid communication with the cavity (316).

Abstract: The invention relates to an oil supply for an internal combustion engine, comprising an oil supply device for the supply of oil to a piston, reciprocating in a cylinder. The oil supply device is embodied such that at least at a point at which the piston is in the region of bottom dead centre, oil is introduced directly into a region below the piston, by means of the oil supply device, in particular, beneath the piston crown and within the piston skirt. The oil supply device thus comprises at least one tube element, extending into a region beneath the piston crown. The tube element terminates as close as possible to a gudgeon pin, when the piston is at bottom dead centre. A targeted lubrication of the mechanically and thermally highly loaded gudgeon pin can thus be guaranteed. It is also possible by means of the oil supply to supply transfer ports of a two-stroke engine with oil, counteracting a tendency to coke up.

Abstract: With regard to the present invention, valves are modularized so as to improve operativity, and the valves are formed by one member and changed the arrangement thereof so as to be miniaturized, thereby making the maintain work easy. Namely, a PTO rear cover 3c, in which a PTO driving mechanism having a PTO clutch 28 is housed, is attached to a rear end of a rear housing 3 of a vehicle body, PTO valve equipment 72 controlling on/off of the PTO clutch 28 is provided integrally with the PTO rear cover 3c, and an oil passage communicating the PTO valve equipment 72 with the PTO clutch 28 and a hydraulic port are formed in the inside of the PTO rear cover 3c. A plurality of valves is provided so as to control operation of a forward/rearward travel selector 210 and fixed to one of side surfaces of a front housing 201, an attachment member 281 formed by one plate-like member touches the vehicle body housing 201, and the valves are arranged on substantial same plane in parallel to the touching surface.

Abstract: A crankcase ventilation filter includes a media stage comprising continuous, extruded fibres having a largest cross sectional size of at least 10 microns, a calculated pore size in the x-y direction of 10-60 microns, an added binder resin content if any of no greater than 7% by weight of the total fibre material; the continuous fibres being bonded at spaced locations. An assembly comprising the filter and a housing including a gas flow inlet, a gas flow outlet and a liquid drain.

Abstract: An improved rotary engine that involves sealing the engine with double spigot seals and redesigning the cam so that the engine duplicates every 10 degrees rather than the 18 degrees of the most relevant prior art. The first part of the cam separates the intake from the exhaust and has a close tolerance fit that prevents the exhaust from containing the air/fuel mixture. In the compression/power area of the cam, a gap is created that allows the transfer of the air/fuel mixture to be moved into firing position.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine, having a cylinder with a translating piston therein, employs a holding tank connecting, via a valve, to the combustion chamber of the cylinder for receipt of a portion of the engine gasses expelled during a compression stroke for providing that the expansion ratio of an expansion stroke is greater than the compression ratio of the compression stroke. The holding tank is located within a head of the cylinder, and has a single port serving for both ingress and egress of gasses to the combustion chamber. The holding tank is provided with one or more additional passages for connection to one or more additional cylinders in the event that the holding tank is shared among two or more cylinders.

Abstract: Boosted engine operation and spark timing of an engine may be adjusted with alcohol content of the fuel in a direct injection engine. Further, various adjustments may be performed in numerous related systems to account for increased maximum engine torque, such as traction control, transmission shifting, etc. Finally, a vehicle having one or more of the disclosed features may be marketed and/or advertised to improve vehicle sales.

Abstract: An integrated valve device includes a casing having cylindrical portions each defining therein a fluid passage. The fluid passage accommodates a valve being adapted to opening and closing the fluid passage. A shaft extends through the valves to manipulate positions of the valves all together. Each cylindrical portion has a pair of wall portions each opposed to corresponding one sidewall surface of each of the valves. The pair of wall portions is located in a range out of an open-close range between a full close position and a full open position of the valve. Each wall portion has a protrusion for supporting the valve by being in contact with corresponding one of the sidewall surfaces when the protrusions of the pair of wall portions interpose therebetween the valve.