Abstract: An air intake system for an engine has an air filter, a throttle body, and a tube coupled to the air filter at a first end and the throttle body at the second end. In this regard, the air intake elbow transitions from a circular air inlet to an oval air outlet. Further, the air intake elbow redirects the airflow radially ninety degrees to connect the circular air inlet to the oval air inlet of the throttle body. Furthermore, the air intake elbow transitions in such a way as to accelerate the air through the air intake elbow and ensure that the air is delivered to the throttle body without substantial turbulence.

Abstract: A hydraulic circuit comprises a temperature sensor, an added motion valve system, and a valve. The temperature sensor detects operating temperature of fluid in the hydraulic circuit. The added motion valve system includes a valve body having an actuator fluid volume. The valve adjusts flow rate quantity of fluid to the actuator fluid volume as a function of the operating temperature of the fluid.

Abstract: A compensating drive for driving a compensating shaft of an internal combustion engine, comprising a toothed belt or a chain, which connects a crankshaft driven wheel of the internal combustion engine to a drive wheel on the compensating shaft or shafts, in which case the crankshaft driven wheel (2, 2?) and/or the drive wheel or wheels (5) of the compensating shafts (4) are shaped to be non-circular in such a way that they transmit to the drive a variability, which at least partially compensates the vibrations produced during the rotation of the crankshaft (1).

Abstract: A fuel control system for an engine is disclosed. The fuel control system may have a source of pressurized fuel and at least one injector configured to receive and inject the pressurized fuel. The fuel system may also have a sensor configured to generate a signal indicative of an actual fuel pressure at the at least one injector, and a controller in communication with the sensor. The controller may be configured to determine a desired fuel pressure at the at least one injector, and compare the signal to the desired fuel pressure. The controller may also be configured to initiate a leak detection sequence in response to the comparison.

Abstract: An upper surface part of an engine guard forming an engine room is formed by a bonnet for opening and closing a maintenance port and a fixed hood. On the lower surface side of the bonnet is disposed a movable duct in a state that when the bonnet is opened the movable duct is moved integrally with the bonnet so as to open the maintenance port. On the lower surface side of the fixed hood, is disposed a fixed duct in a state that when the bonnet is closed one end of the fixed duct is connected to one end of the movable duct in the air flow direction. An exhaust duct is formed by both the movable duct and the fixed duct.

Abstract: A piston for an internal combustion engine has an upper crown with a top and a bottom surface, and a lower crown with a top and a bottom surface. The upper crown and the lower crown are fixedly attached to each other using welds, with the bottom surface of the upper crown and the top surface of the lower crown forming a mating surface. The piston also has at least one centrally located air gap formed on the mating surface. The air gap is sealed to prevent substantial airflow into or out of the air gap.

Abstract: A method to control injection timing for an internal combustion engine having a plurality of injectors in at least a cylinder, the method comprising of boosting intake air delivered to the engine, directly injecting a fuel to at least a cylinder of an internal combustion engine, adjusting each of a timing and number of direct injections for a cylinder cycle as an alcohol amount in the fuel varies, where said adjusting includes advancing direct injection timing relative to intake valve timing as said alcohol amount increases.

Abstract: An engine is disclosed which may operate in a first operating state wherein a spark ignited fuel is ignited in a combustion chamber with an igniter and a second operating state wherein a compression ignited fuel is ignited in a combustion chamber with an igniter. A compression ratio in the combustion chamber being up to about eight to one. The engine may be a four-stroke engine. The engine may include a piston having a top portion with a recessed central portion.

Abstract: A method of operating an engine for a vehicle having at least a first cylinder, the method comprising of operating the first cylinder to provide at least one of compression braking and expansion braking by holding one of an intake valve and an exhaust valve of the first cylinder closed while opening, closing, and opening the other of the intake valve and the exhaust valve during a cycle of the first cylinder and during a first vacuum level of an intake manifold upstream of the first cylinder; and operating the first cylinder to provide at least one of compression braking and expansion braking by operating both the intake valve and the exhaust valve of the first cylinder during a cycle of the first cylinder to allow at least some air to flow through the first cylinder during a second vacuum level of the intake manifold.

Abstract: A multicylinder engine intake system includes: first and second throttle bodies; bypasses provided in the first and second throttle bodies and having downstream ends opened to intake paths on downstream sides of throttle valves; and a common bypass control valve which opens and closes the bypasses. The bypass control valve is mounted on the first throttle body. Downstream ends of the bypasses opened in the first and second throttle bodies are formed as throttle holes. The diameter of the throttle hole on the side of the first throttle body is smaller than the diameter of the throttle hole on the second throttle body. Thus, it is possible to equalize amounts of first idling air supplied to a plurality of cylinders irrespective of arrangement of the cylinders in an engine even if lengths of a plurality of bypass downstream paths are not equal to each other, while the bypass control valve is mounted on any of the throttle bodies.

Abstract: In a method for controlling a composition of a fuel/air mixture supplied to an internal combustion engine, which engine has a speed control circuit maintaining an actual rotary speed of the crankshaft within preset limits and a controllable metering device for at least one component of the fuel/air mixture, a disruptive variable is introduced into the valve control circuit at a predeterminable point in time, the activity of an engine speed control circuit is monitored and evaluated immediately after introducing the disruptive variable, and, depending on the evaluation result, at least one parameter having an effect on the operation of the internal combustion engine is adjusted.

Abstract: An acceleration request is detected in accordance with an accelerator opening PA (time t3 in FIG. 5B). If the detected acceleration request is a moderate acceleration request, an idle opening TA0 is set as an actual throttle opening TA (FIG. 5E), and a request for retarding an intake valve timing VVT is issued (FIG. 5D). Recovery from fuel cut-off is achieved at time t4 at which a misfire limit value (combustion assurance VVT value L) is reached by an actual VVT value (FIG. 5A).

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for controlling the operation of a cylinder assembly according to which the following phases are carried out during the same operating cycle: an exhaust opening phase (L1); a first inlet opening phase (L2) during a compression phase of the piston, and; a second inlet opening phase (L3) subsequent to the first. The second inlet opening phase (L3) begins once the piston reaches a position located in the second third of the travel thereof, in an expansion phase, and the first phase (L1) is carried out entirely during the exhaust opening phase (L1). The invention also concerns an internal combustion engine that operates according to the aforementioned method, and to a motor vehicle equipped with this engine.

Abstract: In a fuel supply device 1 in which high-pressure fuel in the inside of a common rail 2 which accumulates the high-pressure fuel supplied from a fuel pump 6 under pressure is supplied to an internal combustion engine by fuel injection valves, and the fuel pump 6 includes a plurality of high-pressure plungers 61 to 64 whose high-pressure-fuel injection timings are shifted from each other, a portion or all of high-pressure pipes 11 to 14 which connect fuel outlet ports 6P1 to 6P4 of high-pressure plungers 61 to 64 with the common rail 2 are connected with each other by connection pipes 30 to 33 thus establishing a state in which the high-pressure fuel from substantially one high-pressure plunger is supplied using the plurality of high-pressure pipes whereby the elevation of fuel pressures in the inside of the high-pressure pipes can be suppressed.

Abstract: Embodiments include a fuel rail and method for making the fuel rail. Embodiments of the fuel rail include an elongate lining having a surface defining a lumen, a pressure port having a lumen in fluid communication with the lumen of the elongate lining, and a thermoset composite body surrounding at least a portion of the elongate lining and the pressure port.

Abstract: An intake manifold system including an intake manifold and a compressed natural gas (CNG) fuel injector located between an inlet and an outlet of the intake manifold. The CNG fuel injector includes a housing, an inlet, an outlet, a seat, a closure member, and a nozzle. In a preferred embodiment, the inlet and outlet communicate a flow of gaseous fuel regulated by the closure member. The gaseous fuel passes through the seat, which is secured to a rim surface of a retainer portion of the nozzle, and into a flow passage that further communicates the flow of gaseous fuel into one or more flow channels. The orientation of the flow channels within the nozzle greatly affects the discharge pattern and mixing characteristics of the gaseous fuel within an intake manifold. A method of metering gaseous fuel in an intake manifold having a gaseous fuel supply coupled to a fuel injector is also described.

Abstract: A fuel injection valve introduces a fuel into an engine and controlling fuel flow to reduce variability between injection events. The fuel injection valve employs an arrangement for a valve nozzle that cooperates with a valve needle to provide a range of needle movement within which the fuel mass flow rate is substantially constant. This can be achieved by providing a restriction with a constant flow area for a predetermined range of needle movement. The method comprises commanding a valve needle to a position within the predetermined range of needle movement to reduce variability in the fuel mass flow rate, particularly when the engine is idling or operating under low load conditions. Valve needle lift is variable during an injection event and from one injection event to another injection event.

Abstract: A fuel pump module has a fuel pump with an outlet located within a fuel reservoir, a fuel filter casing within which a fuel filter receives fuel from the fuel pump fuel outlet. A fuel discharge housing attaches to the fuel filter casing such that fuel passing from the filter and into the discharge casing then discharges from either a casing fuel outlet or a bleed orifice. The casing fuel outlet leads to the engine while the bleed orifice discharges fuel into a sump formed into the reservoir's bottom wall under the bleed orifice. The sump retains a quantity of fuel so that during low fuel levels within the reservoir, when the engine is off, the fuel filter maintains its prime condition from fuel in the sump to lessen the filter prime time during engine starting. Selective placement of fuel valves also decreases fuel system prime times.

Abstract: An improved lubrication system and method for an internal combustion engine that includes an inertia pump in a piston that reacts to the movement of the piston and conveys a predetermined measure of lubricating oil to the space between the piston and its adjacent cylinder wall immediately below the upper piston rings as the piston reaches top dead center of its stroke cycle. A first embodiment utilizes check valves to responsively open and close passages for the pump in order to control the injection of the proper amount of oil during each cycle. A second embodiment relies on a single moving plunger mass element to provide both the pumping and the valving functions of the inertia pump. A third embodiment utilizes throttle valves to control the injection of the proper amount of oil and allow for a spill path without additional passages. A fourth embodiment utilizes a throttle valve and a check valve in combination to provide secure pumping and a spill path for excess oil.

Abstract: A fuel vapor emission system for small engine gas tank which does not require redesign or retooling for manufacturing of the tank. A new filler tube has the lower end positioned to cause fuel to rise rapidly in the tube before the tank is full, signaling the operator to stop refueling and maintain a vapor dome in the tank when the filler cap is replaced. A vapor vent valve is disposed in a separate access opening and includes a float operated rollover valve. The vent valve opens when a predetermined positive pressure is reached in the tank; and, a reverse flow vacuum relief valve is disposed in the vent valve. The outlet of the vent valve is intended to be connected to either a storage canister or the engine air inlet.

Abstract: An evaporative emissions fuel system for a general-purpose engine includes a fuel tank with a valve assembly located within the fuel tank for guiding fuel vapor to a canister. The canister contains activated charcoal to treat the fuel vapor and guide the vapor to a carburetor which burns the fuel vapor and hydrocarbons. The valve assembly has a valve opening for receiving the fuel vapor and a float responsive to the fuel within the tank for sealing the valve opening when the fuel within the tank is at a feel level capable of entering the valve opening.

Abstract: A valve apparatus includes a housing, which defines an interior chamber, a baffle disposed in the interior chamber, and a volume of liquid. The housing includes first, second and third portions. The first portion includes first and second ports that communicate with the interior chamber. The second portion is spaced from the first portion along a longitudinal axis. And the third portion extends along the longitudinal axis between the first and second portions. The baffle at least partially defines a helical fluid flow path between the first and second ports, and the volume of the liquid is disposed in the second portion of the housing.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for reforming a hydrocarbon fuel increases its energy content, improves its combustibility and reduces combustion by-products. The hydrocarbon fuel is cracked and ionized in a reactor vessel by means of a feedback loop of electro-chemical interactions with a reactor rod composed of a magnetic and catalytic material.

Abstract: An apparatus and method reduce the size of molecular clumping of a liquid fuel. First, a baseband signal is generated. The baseband signal is then modulated with a carrier signal to produce a modulated signal. The carrier frequency is swept across a predetermined frequency range, which includes a resonance frequency of the liquid fuel. The modulated signal is then used to generate an electromagnetic field, which in turn is applied to the liquid fuel prior to combustion.

Abstract: A throttle body spacer for improving engine performance is provided. It comprises a spacer block with a smooth bore hole, a plurality of air fins, each air fin being connected at one end to the spacer block and the distal end extending to about the center of the bore hole, and a means for mounting the throttle spacer body to hold it in place. In one embodiment the spacer block forming the throttle spacer body is square with a single bore hole in the center. There are four air fins, one mounted from about the middle of each side of the spacer body, that extend to about the center of the hole. The air fins can be made from aluminum and are bent at a forty-five degree angle. In order to accomplish the goal of absorbing less heat, the spacer block forming the throttle body spacer is comprised of thermoset resin. The throttle body spacer has holes located near each corner where fastening elements can be inserted to hold the apparatus in place.

Abstract: A gun device includes a housing having a gas supplying passage communicating with an inner chamber of the housing for coupling to a pressurized gas supplying source, a feed tube attached to the housing for feeding a bullet into the housing, a tubular member rotatably received in the housing and having an opening communicated with a bore of the tubular member for aligning with the feed tube and for selectively receiving the bullet into the bore of the tubular member. The opening of the tubular member is movable or disengageable from the feed tube when the tubular member is rotated relative to the housing for preventing the other bullet from entering into the housing.

Abstract: A rotary diamond dresser, with a V-groove circumferentially formed around a heavily abraded high load part of the circumference of a circular dressing body. A plurality of octahedral diamond grains are sequentially set along the V-groove of the circular dressing body such that the oriented crystal surfaces of each diamond grain are bonded to the respective surfaces of the V-groove. A plurality of small-sized diamond grains, other than the octahedral diamond grains, are secured to the surface of the circumference of the dressing body, other than the high load part. The oriented crystal surfaces of the octahedral diamond grains and the small-sized diamond grains are formed to make respective contact surfaces that contact and dress a grinding wheel. Thus, the rotary diamond dresser, which is easily produced, has excellent abrasion resistance, and is low-priced.

Abstract: A process of controlled prestressing of a hard block by applying pressures in different directions and at different levels to allow splitting of the hard block into two clean plates and void of any markings on the plates.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a steam discharge device for pressure cookers. The steam discharge device includes a steam pipe, a fastening nut, a safety cap, and an O-ring. The steam pipe has a first steam discharge passage, with an external thread provided on an outer circumference of an end of the steam pipe, and a locking step provided on a middle of the steam pipe. The fastening nut includes a second steam discharge passage, and an internal thread provided in the fastening nut and engaging with the external thread of the steam pipe. The safety cap includes a nut receiving space, and a plurality of slots provided at a predetermined position on the safety cap and enabling the nut receiving space to communicate with the exterior. The O-ring is positioned between the fastening nut and the safety cap, and prevents the safety cap from being removed from the fastening nut.

Abstract: A combustion apparatus for the burning of solid fuel using a plurality of secondary combustion zones is disclosed. The combustion apparatus includes primary and secondary air inlets, an inclined hearth and a unique second air source which washes up a window in the combustion apparatus creating a floating flame effect and rendering the window self-cleaning. A series of baffles define a secondary combustion pathway which optimizes secondary combustion of exhaust gasses and particulate matter. Coaxial rear and top direct venting apparatus are also disclosed. The combustion apparatus provided combusts a wide range of solid fuel at a high level of efficiency.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a cam 3, a lever 8, a switch 10, a spring 9 and fire detection means 15. Utilizing an interlocking movement and an operation of the switch, a motor 2 is driven under a microcomputer control 23, and by doing so, the automatic opening and closing movement of a cover 1 can be effected smoothly and stably. Even when a fire occurs at a cooking device 13 below the apparatus, the fire detection means 15 stops the operation of a circulating fan 11, and also stops the cover 1 in an open condition, and by doing so, the spreading of the fire can be limited to a minimum, and also an abnormality in the opening and closing of the cover 1 can be indicated at a display portion 23, and therefore the safety, the durability and the degree of satisfaction of customers can be enhanced.

Abstract: Disclosed is an oven cooker for barbecue to resolve problems of difficult manipulation in charcoal supply or exchange of a charcoal case, which causes fire and burns.

Abstract: A glue gun (10) comprising a body member (3) in which a glue accommodating and melting chamber (4) for receiving stick glue is formed and combustion chamber 910) is also formed for accommodating a gas catalytic combustion element (14). A temperature responsive valve (25) controls the supply of fuel gas to the combustion chamber 910) for maintaining the temperature of the body member (3) at approximately 140° C.

Abstract: An improvement in the art relates to an insert fitted into a standard residential fireplace opening for burning fossel fuels such as wood or coal.

Abstract: Various embodiments of electric generator systems are disclosed. The systems may include an electric generator whose energy source is provided by the displacement of a first fluid. The first fluid may be in a liquid state contained in a reservoir hydraulically connected to a first chamber. The first chamber may be configured to receive thermal energy utilized to convert the first fluid into a vapor. The system may also include a second chamber hydraulically connected to the first chamber to receive the vaporized fluid from the first chamber. The second chamber may be configured to condense the vaporized first fluid, causing depressurization in the second chamber. The system may be configured such that the depressurization of the second chamber may drive a second fluid through an energy converter (e.g. Turbine Generator) able to convert the first fluid condensing energy into mechanical or electrical energy.

Abstract: There is provided a water heating and storage system, including a heat-insulated main heated water storage tank for storing hot water. The storage tank consists of top, side and bottom walls, has an inlet for heated water entering the tank at a level below the normal level, and a cold water inlet. The system also includes a consumer hot water outlet, and an external water heater having a controlled electrical heating unit, an outlet port for heated water, connectable to the inlet of the tank, and a water inlet port.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an energy efficient housing and to a method of providing an energy efficient housing wherein building material and house structure aim to provide a system effectively using external temperature for house needs. The house is built of multilayered blocks having layers of concrete and layer of mixture of concrete, cellulose fiber and sand surrounded with exterior and interior stucco finish layers prepared by a simplified process. The concrete layer has a plurality of air passages with baffles used for transferring of hot and cool air which change the temperature from the house walls and roof heated with sun radiation or cooled by cold outside air. The hot air is transferred to a hot air reservoir for further household needs and cool air is transferred to a cold air reservoir.

Abstract: A solar-powered grill is assembled from a kit which includes a set of generally flat, foldable components, made of an inexpensive material such as cardboard. The grill includes a flexible, reflective sheet, held by a bottom piece and a pair of side panels, to define a generally parabolic curvature. The side panels define slots for mounting a food item in a region into which sunlight will be focused by the reflective sheet. A pair of tabs forms an aiming device, to insure correct orientation of the body of the grill. The orientation may be altered by placement of the body in a different position on a separate base, or by adjusting the height of one end of the base. The grill may be quickly assembled, without the need for tools, and may be discarded after a single use, or may be disassembled for later re-use.

Abstract: A process for obtaining one or more than one salt of an organic acid(s), or organic acid(s), from an aqueous sugar stream comprising one or more than one mineral acid and the organic acid(s) is provided. The process comprises introducing the aqueous sugar stream to a separation system comprising one or more beds of anion exchange resin and obtaining a stream therefrom comprising the sugar. The one or more beds of anion exchange resin are then regenerated in one or more stages to produce at least one product stream comprising the organic acid, a salt of the organic acid, or a combination thereof, and a separate outlet stream comprising the mineral acid, a salt of the mineral acid, or a combination thereof. The product stream is then recovered. The separation may be conducted with two separation units, or using a single anion exchange unit.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to pharmaceutical compositions of effective amounts of NMDA receptor antagonists and preservative for the administration to a patient in need of effective analgesia and anesthesia. The compositions of the invention advantageously do not cause any significant neurotoxicity. The preferred NMDA receptor antagonist is ketamine. The preferred preservative is benzalkonium chloride.

Abstract: There is provided a sheet driver for use in a medicament dispenser including a medicament carrier having a plurality of pockets for containing medicament wherein said pockets are spaced along the length of and defined between first and second sheets secured to each other and separable by drivable pulling action, the sheet driver comprising a base; ascending from the base, a shaft defining a rotational axis; on the base, a drive surface for receipt of drive to rotate the base about the rotational axis; about the shaft, a torsion spring defining first and second spring legs; mounting about the shaft and the torsion spring for rotation about the rotational axis, a hub defining a hub surface for receipt of a sheet of the medicament carrier. A first leg receiver of the base receives the first spring leg of the torsion spring and a second leg receiver of the hub receives the second spring leg of the torsion spring such that relative rotation of the base and the hub results in tensioning of the torsion spring.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a propellant-free aerosol formulation which contains one or more compounds of general formula 1, wherein the groups R1, R2, R3 and X? may have the meanings indicated in the claims and in the specification, and two further active substances 2 and 3, for inhalation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a propellant-free aerosol formulation which contains one or more compounds of general formula 1, wherein the groups R1, R2, R3 and X? may have the meanings indicated in the claims and in the specification, and one other active substance 2, for inhalation.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and an arrangement for respiratory support for a patient and an airway prosthesis. The spontaneous breathing of a patient is recorded with sensors and an additional amount of oxygen administered by means of a jet gas flow at the end of a lung inhalation process. Oxygen uptake on inhalation is thus improved. Where necessary the exhalation process of the patient can be retarded by a counter-current to prevent a collapse of the airways. The above manner of proceeding is achieved by means of an arrangement, comprising an oxygen pump (1) connected to an oxygen source and an airway prosthesis (2, 3), which may be connected by means of a catheter (5). The spontaneous breathing of the patient is recorded by means of sensors (8, 9), connected to a controller (12), for activating the oxygen pump. The airway prosthesis has a tubular nozzle body (6) with a connector (37) for the catheter, whereby two of the sensors are provided on the nozzle body.

Abstract: An inhaler is instantly activated upon its removal from a cover or cover unit, and by rotating a cartridge component of the inhaler with respect to a mouthpiece portion, so as to create a flow pathway for ambient air and particles. The cartridge component includes a chamber, whose contents typically include dry powders or the like. Upon creation of the flow pathway, the contents of the chamber are instantly accessible for immediate inhalation by a user through the mouthpiece portion.

Abstract: Described herein are adhesive nasal devices. In particular, the adhesive nasal respiratory devices described herein are configured to be worn in communication with a subject's nasal cavity and may include a rim body having a passageway therethrough, an airflow resistor in communication with the passageway of the rim body, and a flexible, adhesive holdfast layer extending outward from the periphery of the rim body. The rim body region may be formed from multiple parts (e.g., a first and a second rim body region), and the airflow resistor may be secured between the parts forming the rim body. Methods of manufacturing and assembling these adhesive nasal devices are also described.

Abstract: A support device having a chin rest with an upper convex portion, a malleable shaft, and a base configured with a lower convex portion are provided. The device is configured to maintain patency to the airway of a person with a decreased level of consciousness. The head of the person is positioned such that airway patency is confirmed. The device is then positioned such that airway patency of the person is maintained as needed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a personal use assistive breathing device wherein a can adaptor or bottle mounting member is secured to a bottle canister containing a pressurized gas. A mouth piece member retains an action knob positioned for actuating a stem valve on the bottle canister upon a rotation. During use the action knob is spaced away from the mouthpiece and air passages entrain ambient atmospheric air with the escaping pressurized gas. The action knob may be retained in the in-use position without continual pressure allowing hands-free use. During storage, the action knob is spaced in contact with the mouthpiece prohibiting unintended gas release and enabling ready handling without risk of gas-loss.

Abstract: A safety system and method of an air distribution system of a mine structure is disclosed. In one embodiment, the air distribution includes a supply unit installed on a particular wall of the first set of walls to facilitate delivery of breathable air from a source of compressed air to an emergency support system of the mine structure, a fill site interior to the mine structure to provide the breathable air to a breathable air apparatus at multiple locations of the mine structure, a secure chamber of the fill site as a safety shield that confines a possible rupture of an over-pressurized breathable air apparatus within the secure chamber, a distribution structure that is compatible with use with compressed air that facilitates dissemination of the breathable air of the source of compressed air to multiple locations of the mine structure.

Abstract: A safety system and method of an air distribution system of a tunnel structure is disclosed. In one embodiment, the air distribution includes a supply unit installed on a particular wall of the first set of walls to facilitate delivery of breathable air from a source of compressed air to an emergency support system of the tunnel structure, a fill site interior to the tunnel structure to provide the breathable air to a breathable air apparatus at multiple locations of the tunnel structure, a secure chamber of the fill site as a safety shield that confines a possible rupture of an over-pressurized breathable air apparatus within the secure chamber, a distribution structure that is compatible with use with compressed air that facilitates dissemination of the breathable air of the source of compressed air to multiple locations of the tunnel structure.