Abstract: Cucurbit[n]uril compounds each containing phthalhydrazide units in a macrocycle wall thereof, which compound is selected from the group consisting of CB[5], CB[6], CB[7] and CB[8] compounds, the compounds having an internal cavity which may be used to contain a guest compound.

Abstract: The synthesis and biological activity of indoloazepines and acid amine salts thereof which are structurally related to naturally-occurring hymenialdisine is disclosed. Naturally-occurring hymenialdisine obtained from the sponge is a potent inhibitor of production of cytokines interleukin-2 (IL-2) and tumor necrosis factor-? (TNF-?). The chemically-synthesized indoloazepines of the invention also inhibit production of IL-2 and TNF-?. The indoloazepines are useful for treating inflammatory diseases, particularly diseases associated with kinases NF-?B or GSK-3? activation or NF-?B activated gene expression products. The indoloazepines are useful for the treatment of cancer by the inhibition of kinases CHK1 and CHK2.

Abstract: The present invention relates to triazine compounds and their analogs and derivatives, and methods and compositions comprising these compounds. The compounds and compositions of this invention are useful for, among other things, treating pathophysiological conditions arising from inflammatory responses, inhibiting or blocking glycated protein produced induction of the signaling-associated inflammatory response in endothelial cells, inhibiting smooth muscle proliferation, treating vascular occlusive conditions characterized by smooth muscle proliferation such as restenosis and atherosclerosis, and the like.

Abstract: Disclosed are new quinacridone dye derivatives having characteristic fluorescence lifetimes. Also disclosed are methods for labelling target biological materials employing the quinacridone dyes and use of the labelled materials in biological assays.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the synthesis of 1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinoline 4-cyano and 1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinoline 4-carboxamide intermediates useful in preparing 1H-imidazo[4,5-C]quinoline 4-amines, a process for preparing 1H-imidazo[4,5-C]quinoline 4-amines using such intermediates; and, to the 1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinoline 4-cyano and 1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinoline 4-carboxamide intermediates. More particularly, the invention relates to a process for the preparation of 1-isobutyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-C]quinoline 4-amine (Imiquimod) using two intermediates, 1-isobutyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinoline 4-cyano and 1-isobutyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinoline 4-carboxamide, and to the said intermediates.

Abstract: Imidazonaphthyridine and tetrahydroimidazonaphthyridine compounds induce the biosynthesis of cytokines such as interferon and tumor necrosis factor. The compounds exhibit antiviral and antitumor properties. Methods of preparing the compounds and intermediates useful in the preparation of the compounds are disclosed.

Abstract: A method for synthesizing a 4-amino substituted quinolinone includes reacting a substituted or unsubstituted 2-benzimidazolyl-2-acetate with a substituted or unsubstituted 2-aminobenzonitrile in the presence of a base or an acid. A 4-amino substituted quinolinone compound is formed by the reaction, and the 4-amino substituted quinolinone compound comprises a benzimidazole group.

Abstract: Conjugates of epothilones and epothilone derivatives (as effectors) with suitable biomolecules (as recognition units) are described. Their production is carried out by the effectors being reacted with suitable linkers, and the compounds that are produced are conjugated to the recognition units. The pharmaceutical use of the conjugates for treating proliferative or angiogenesis-associated processes is described.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical composition for the treatment and/or prevention of depression comprising a compound having an antagonistic activity for EP1 receptor which a prostaglandin E2 receptor subtype. EP1 antagonist is useful for the treatment of depression, for example, endogenous depression, reactive depression, weatherability depression, neurological depressed state, the depressed state of brain organic mental disorder.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel benzimidazole derivatives of formula (I), pharmaceutical compositions containing these compounds, and methods of treatment therewith.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide a process for preparing a synthetic intermediate of biotin which is industrially advantageous, and discloses a process for preparing a compound represented by the formula (I): wherein R1 and R2 may be the same or different from each other, and each represents hydrogen atom, a benzyl group which may have a substituent(s) on the benzene ring, a benzhydryl group which may have a substituent(s) on the benzen ring, or a trityl group which may have a substituent(s) on the benzene ring, R3 represents cyano group, carboxyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, an alkylthiocarbonyl group, or a carbamoyl group which may have a substituent, or a salt thereof which comprises subjecting a compound represented by the formula (II-a): wherein the symbols have the same meanings as defined above, or a salt thereof to ring transformation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of compounds of the general Formula (I): wherein in Formula (I), R is H, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl; R1 is H, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl; R2 is H, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl; A1 and A2 each independently represent an optionally substituted C1-C20-alkyl group which may contain one or more group(s) Z, or a monocyclic or polycyclic optionally substituted aromatic or non-aromatic ring system which may contain one or more group(s) X, and in case of a polycyclic ring system, said system contains at least one aromatic ring; Z is selected from the group consisting of S, O, N, NR4, CO, CO2, CS, SO or SO2 X is selected from the group consisting of S, O, N, NR4, SO or SO2.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for preparing 3-halo-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole compound of Formula (I), comprising contacting with HX1 a different 4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole compound of Formula (II), wherein X1 is halogen and L, R, k and X2 are as defined in the disclosure.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an aminothiol compound having a general formula I wherein R1-R5 are substitutable ligands. Such compound can perform as a superior catalyst in an asymmetric addition reaction of organic metal compounds and aldehyde. According to the present invention, the aminothiol compound is needed only less than 0.02% based on main reactants to obtain enantioselectivity higher than 98% enantiomeric excess, whereby the asymmetric reactions can become very economic.

Abstract: Photoinitiator compounds of formula (I): {where: A represents a direct bond or a group of formula —[O(CHR7CHR6)a]y—, —[O(CH2)bCO]y—, or —[O(CH2)bCO](y-1)—[O(CHR7CHR6)a]—, where one of R6 and R7 is hydrogen and the other is hydrogen or methyl; a is a number from 1 to 2; b is a number from 4 to 5; Q is a residue of a polyhydroxy compound having 2 to 6 hydroxy groups; x is a number greater than 1 but no greater than the number of available hydroxyl groups in Q; y is a number from 1 to 10; R1, R2, R3 and R4 are individually the same or different and each is hydrogen, hydroxy, or alkyl; or R1 and R3 are joined to form a fused ring system with the benzene rings to which they are attached; and R5 represents a direct bond, an oxygen atom or a methylene group} are useful as cationic photoinitiators, especially for use in surface coating applications, such as printing inks and varnishes, and which are intended to be cured by polymerisation initiated by radiation.

Abstract: The thin film-forming material of the present invention comprises a bis(?-diketonato)zinc compound that is liquid at 25° C. and is suitable for forming a zinc-containing thin film. By using the thin film-forming material, a thin film can be produced with stable film-forming rate or stable film composition control without suffering from problems of raw material gas suppliability and in-line raw material transport. Preferred (?-diketonato)zinc compounds are bis(octane-2,4-dionato)zinc and bis(2,2dimethyl-6-ethyldecane-3,5-dionato) zinc.

Abstract: A method for distillation of organosilicon compounds that contain acryloxy or methacryloxy groups characterized by subjecting an organosilicon compound (A) that contains acryloxy or methacryloxy groups to distillation in the presence of a polymerization inhibitor (B) and a compound (C) with aliphatic conjugated unsaturated bonds.

Abstract: A fluorine-containing acetylene alcohol represented by the following formula (1), wherein Rf is a linear or branched perfluoroalkyl group having 3 to 100 carbon atoms and may have an ether bond, —C—O—C—, Q is a divalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and R1 is an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Fluorochemical silane compounds and coating compositions derived therefrom are described. The compounds and compositions may be used in treating substrates, in particular substrates having a hard surface such as ceramics or glass, to render them water, oil, stain, and soil repellent.

Abstract: The invention provides a high-yield method for producing onium salt derivatives useful as agents, such as acid-generators, employed in chemically amplified resists; and to provide novel onium salt derivatives. Reaction of an onium salt derivative containing a halide anion or a carboxylate anion with a sulfonic acid ester derivative or a phosphoric acid derivative provides an onium sulfate derivative or an onium phosphate derivative at high yield.

Abstract: Dithiocarbonate derivatives are disclosed, along with a process for preparing the same. The dithiocarbonate compounds can be utilized as initators, chain transfer agents and/or terminators in controlled free radical polymerizations. The dithiocarbonates can be used to produce polymers having narrow molecular weight distribution. Advantageously, the compounds of the present invention can also introduce functional groups into the resulting polymers. The dithiocarbonate compounds have low odor and are substantially colorless.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of compounds of formula (I): HO-A-ONO2??(I) wherein A is a C2-C6 alkylene chain, the compounds of formula (I) being synthesized by nitration of the corresponding alkanediols with “stabilized” nitric acid is herein disclosed. The process is safer to operators and allows to obtain advantageous yields on an industrial scale.

Abstract: A composite solid strong acid comprising, a solid acid and a carbon material, wherein said solid acid is obtained by heat treating of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to which the carbon material is blended in concentrated sulfuric acid or fuming sulfuric acid, transforming said polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to a solid acid which is insoluble in a polar solvent by condensation and sulfonation further compositing with said carbon material.

Abstract: Hydroxy aromatic acids are produced in high yields and high purity (>95%) from halogenated aromatic acids in a reaction mixture containing a copper source and a ligand that coordinates to copper.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel diazoketone derivatives. The invention also relates to processes for homologation of these diazoketone derivatives. The processes are useful for preparing compounds that are caspase inhibitors.

Abstract: A novel process prepares tolterodine, i.e. (R)-N,N-diisopropyl-3-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-3-phenylpropanamine, in the racemic form, as well as intermediates useful for its preparation. Tolterodine free base may be prepared by reacting diisopropyl-(3-phenyl-3-p-tolyloxy-propyl)-amine and 60% aqueous sulfuric acid for three hours under stirring at room temperature. The reaction mixture is then poured over ice/water and then alkalized with 50% NaOH.

Abstract: The corrosion of metals in contact with aqueous alkanolamine solutions in acid gas removal units is inhibited by adding to the alkanolamine solution a corrosion inhibiting amount of a polythiaether compound.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and compositions for the treatment of ion imbalances. In particular, the invention provides polymeric and pharmaceutical compositions comprising crosslinked amine polymers. Methods of use of the polymeric and pharmaceutical compositions for therapeutic and/or prophylactic benefits are disclosed herein. Examples of these methods include the treatment of renal diseases and hyperphosphatemia.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of a ketone from a tertiary alcohol having a double bond in the alpha position, that includes the step of contacting tertiary alcohol having a double bond in the alpha position with ozone in the presence of an inorganic base under ketone-forming reaction conditions.

Abstract: This invention refers to a process for the synthesis of cumene hydroperoxide and to the product thus obtained. More in particular, this invention refers to a process for the production of cumene hydroperoxide by oxidating cumene with oxygen, where this process is run in the presence of a basic medium insoluble in the reaction environment, and such as not to release inorganic cations to the reaction environment. Such a basic medium is preferably a pyridinic resin. The cumene hydroperoxide thus obtained, characterized by the fact of being free of inorganic cations, is a further object of the invention.

Abstract: The specification provides a method of producing cumene hydroperoxide by continuous aqueous-emulsion oxidation at a high temperature and pressure in a cascade of reactors, wherein the process is conducted in the presence of a mixture of an aqueous solution of an ammonium salt with a concentration of 0.001–0.5 mass % and an aqueous solution of ammonia with a concentration of 0.001–0.5 mass %, which mixture is fed into each oxidation reactor in an ammonia:ammonium salt mass ratio of 1:100 to 100:1.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel hydroxyl compounds, compositions comprising hydroxyl compounds, and methods useful for treating and preventing a variety of diseases and conditions such as, but not limited to aging, Alzheimer's Disease, cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy, a disorder of glucose metabolism, dyslipidemia, dyslipoproteinemia, hypertension, impotence, inflammation, insulin resistance, lipid elimination in bile, obesity, oxysterol elimination in bile, pancreatitis, pancreatitius, Parkinson's disease, a peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-associated disorder, phospholipid elimination in bile, renal disease, septicemia, metabolic syndrome disorders (e.g., Syndrome X), thrombotic disorder. Compounds and methods of the invention can also be used to modulate C reactive protein or enhance bile production in a patient.

Abstract: The present invention provides a hydrogenation catalyst effective for hydrogenating 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde to 1,3-propanediol. The hydrogenation catalyst comprises an ?-alumina support, nickel, ruthenium, and a promoter. The nickel is deposited on the ?-alumina support, and the ruthenium and the promoter are deposited on the nickel and the ?-alumina support. The ?-alumina support comprises at least 92 wt. % of the catalyst, and the nickel comprises from 1 wt. % to 6 wt. % of the catalyst. The present invention also provides a process of hydrogenating 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde to 1,3-propanediol with the catalyst.

Abstract: A polyglycerol composition contains diglycerol, triglycerol, and tetraglycerol each in a content of 5 percent by weight or more, has a total content of diglycerol, triglycerol, and tetraglycerol of 75 percent by weight or more, has a total content of higher polyglycerol components of 10 percent by weight or less, the higher polyglycerol components each having a degree of polymerization of 7 or higher, and is substantially free from chlorine atom. A process prepares a polyglycerol composition by reacting glycerol and/or a polyglycerol with glycidol in the presence of an activated carbon catalyst.

Abstract: Systems and methods to produced branched aliphatic alcohols are described. Systems may include a dehydrogenation-isomerization unit, an olefin dimerization unit, an olefin isomerization unit, a hydroformylation unit, a dehydrogenation unit, a hydrogenation unit and/or combinations thereof. Methods for producing branched aliphatic alcohols may include isomerization of olefins in a process stream. The isomerized olefins may be hydroformylated to produce aliphatic alcohols. After hydroformylation of the aliphatic alcohols, unreacted components from the hydroformylation process may be separated from the aliphatic alcohols products. The unreacted components from the hydroformylation process may be recycled back into the main process stream or sent to other processing units. Addition of multiple streams to the units may be performed to control reaction conditions in the units.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for the treatment of pain and intraocular pressure. Particularly disclosed are new compositions for the treatment of chronic pain, glaucoma and methods for their use.

Abstract: Provided are methods for producing hydrofluorocarbons via the selective reduction of a halocarbon blend comprising 1,3-dichloro-1,1,2,2,3-pentafluoropropane.

Abstract: Methods and materials are provided for the production of essentially isomerically pure perhalogenated and partially halogenated compounds. One embodiment of the present invention provides a process for the production of essentially isomerically pure CFC-216aa. Other embodiments include processes for the production of CFC-217ba and HFC-227ea. Particular embodiments of the present invention provide separation techniques for the separation of chlorofluorocarbons from HF, from other chlorofluorocarbons, and the separation of isomers of halogenated compounds. Still other embodiments of the present invention provide catalytic synthetic techniques that demonstrate extended catalyst lifetime. In other embodiments, the present invention provides catalytic techniques for the purification of isomeric mixtures.

Abstract: Describes an integrated process for preparing 1,2-dichloroethylenes. In the described process organic feed material, e.g., C2-C4 aliphatic hydrocarbons and/or chlorinated derivatives of such aliphatic hydrocarbons, is introduced into a first reaction zone 10, e.g., a chlorination zone such as an oxychlorination zone, or a thermal cracking zone; first product effluent from the first reaction zone is forwarded to a second reaction zone 9; trichloroethane is introduced into the second reaction zone and into heat exchange contact with the first product effluent from the first reaction zone, which has a heat content sufficient to cause thermal dehydrochlorination of trichloroethane in the second reaction zone; and second product effluent is removed from the second reaction zone. 1,2-dichloroethylene is recovered by conventional distillation recovery methods from the second product effluent.

Abstract: In one embodiment, this invention relates to a solventless liquid isoprene compound. The compound includes a liquid isoprene rubber. The compound also includes a curing agent selected from sulfur and/or sulfur donors. The curing agent is present in an amount of at least about 3% by weight of the compound. The compound contains substantially no solvent. In another embodiment, this invention relates to a solventless liquid isoprene compound. The compound includes a liquid isoprene rubber. The compound also includes a nonsulfur curing agent. The curing agent is present in an amount of at least about 5% by weight of the compound. The compound contains substantially no solvent.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for destroying biological agents such as toxins and bacteria are provided wherein the substance to be destroyed is contacted with finely divided metal oxide or hydroxide nanocrystals. In various embodiments, the metal oxide or metal hydroxide nanocrystals have reactive atoms stabilized on their surfaces, species adsorbed on their surfaces, or are coated with a second metal oxide. The desired metal oxide or metal hydroxide nanocrystals can be pressed into pellets for use when a powder is not feasible. Preferred metal oxides for the methods include MgO, SrO, BaO, CaO, TiO2, ZrO2, FeO, V2O3, V2O5, Mn2O3, Fe2O3, NiO, CuO, Al2O3, SiO2, ZnO, Ag2O, [Ce(NO3)3—Cu(NO3)2]TiO2, Mg(OH)2, Ca(OH)2, Al(OH)3, Sr(OH)2, Ba(OH)2, Fe(OH)3, Cu(OH)3, Ni(OH)2, Co(OH)2, Zn(OH)2, AgOH, and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: An absorptive body (50) for attachment to the human body, especially for absorbing fluids coming out of parts of the human body such as wounds, has a substantially flat material section made of an absorbing material (1), which consists of an absorbing non-woven having super-absorber particles spread therein, and a fluid-permeable shell (2) that surrounds the material section, forms a barrier against solid excretions and enables the passage of other excreted substances into the material section made of absorbing material (1) that is arranged inside the shell (2). The shell is made of a small-pored material, whose pores are smaller than the unwetted super-absorber particles.

Abstract: Disclosed is an absorbent article including: a liquid-permeable topsheet; a backsheet; an absorbent storage layer between the topsheet and the backsheet; and a cushion layer between the topsheet and the absorbent storage layer. When a tensile force of 490 mN per 25 mm width is applied to the topsheet in a transverse direction crossing the cushion layer, an extension is at least 30%. When the absorbent article is pressed from above in a region having the cushion layer, an initial thickness T0 of the pressed region of the absorbent article for a pressure of 49 Pa is at least 10 mm, a compressive hardness (LC value) is 0.5 to 0.65, and a compressive recovery (RC value) is at least 35%.

Abstract: Methods for collecting cells in M phase or G1 phase, by which the percentage of M phase or G1 phase cells is higher than that attained by the conventional methods are disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and DNA molecules useful for producing transgenic plants with agronomically desired traits based on altered sizes of plant organs and tissues.

Abstract: The present invention relates to expression cassettes comprising transcription regulating sequences with guard cell-preferential or guard cell-specific expression profiles in plants obtainable from Arabidopsis thaliana gene At5g58580, or from Arabidopsis genomic DNA sequences as described by SEQ ID NO: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 12, 13, 14, or 15.

Abstract: The invention relates to transgenic cells which have been transformed with nucleic acids encoding glucosyltransferase polypeptides (GTases) and vectors for use in transformation of said cells.

Abstract: Methods are provided for producing plants and seeds having altered isoprenoid content and compositions. The methods find particular use in increasing the isoprenoid levels in plants, and in providing desirable isoprenoid compositions in a host plant cell.

Abstract: The invention relates to glyphosate tolerant sugar beet plants, plant material and seeds. It is the object of the invention to provide a transgenic sugar beet plant event that shows a high level of tolerance against glyphosate, but is not impaired in other important agronomic properties such as growth, yield, quality, pathogen resistance etc.

Abstract: A canola variety designated 45H25, plants and seeds of the 45H25 canola variety, methods for producing a canola plant produced by crossing the 45H25 variety with itself or with another canola plant, and hybrid canola seeds and plants produced by crossing the 45H25 variety with another canola line or plant are provided.