Abstract: An optical microresonator and method of forming same includes a microcylinder and a circumferential coating formed on the microcylinder. This coating has a higher index of refraction than the microcylinder and is of such thickness relative to the diameter of the microcylinder that a resonant waveguide is formed such that light optically couples from an optical source waveguide onto the microcylinder.

Abstract: The invention relates to an optical connector assembly for optically connecting to a waveguide structure in a x-y plane of a layer stack, wherein the connector assembly comprises a coupling device providing a first optical path, and the waveguide structure provides a second optical path, deflecting from said first optical path. The coupling device comprises first reference means adapted to co-operate with second reference means in the layer stack, wherein the second reference means are adapted for aligning the coupling device to the waveguide structure in both the x- and y-direction of the x-y plane as to optically couple the first and second optical path. As a result an optical connector assembly is provided that improves the optical coupling between the optical path in a waveguide structure and in a coupling device and/or a mating optical device. The coupling device may comprise third reference means to couple an optical connector to the waveguide structure.

Abstract: Fiber optic distribution cables and methods for manufacturing the same are disclosed. The methods present one or more optical fibers outward of the protective covering for distribution of the same toward the subscriber. In one method of making the fiber optic distribution cables, an indexing tube is provided for indexing a tether tube within the indexing tube for providing the distribution optical fiber with a suitable excess fiber length. In another method, a demarcation point is provided for inhibiting the movement (i.e., pistoning) of the distribution optical fiber into and out of the distribution cable. In still another method, one or more caps are provided for closing one or more the openings in the protective covering used for accessing the optical fibers within the fiber optic distribution cable. Additionally, other methods may include providing a fiber optic distribution cable having a dry construction and/or a non-round cross-section.

Abstract: A foam polymer jacketed rigid strength member for a fiber optic cable is disclosed, as is the method for its production. The foam jacket is made by feeding into an extruder a base polymer material, preferably a resin, such as polypropyene. The base material is melted in the extruder and a blowing agent is admixed. As the mixture exits the extruder, the polymer is expanded into a cellular foam. The polymer is foamed onto a rigid strength member by means of a crosshead. The resulting jacketed rigid strength member demonstrates improved resistance to thermal contractions reducing the contribution of stresses in the fiber optic cable components.

Abstract: A switch-type imaging fiber apparatus and a branch-type imaging fiber apparatus are provided. Light emitted from a laser light source is made incident on an opening of an IF (image fiber) guided by a GM (galvanometer), output from an optical system provided at a leading end portion of the IF, and applied to an observation target. The light reflected by the observation target is sent back to the IF, transformed into parallel light by an f? objective lens, reflected by a dichroic mirror, made incident on an image pickup device (CCD) via an imaging lens, and can be observed on a monitor. The GM is controlled to switch to make the light incident on the opening of an arbitrary one of a plurality of IFs. Accordingly, observation can be performed by focusing the light solely on the arbitrary IF.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for quantum information processing is disclosed in which logical qubits |0>L and |1>L are respectively encoded by different near orthogonal coherent states |?> and |?>, where <?|?>=0, |?> and |?> being the computational basis states for the qubits, for example, in which logical qubits |0>L and |1>L are respectively encoded by different ones of the vacuum state |0> and a multi-photon optical coherent state |?> which states are the computational basis states for the qubits. This provide an efficient scheme for linear optics quantum processing which is deterministic and for which qubit readout can use homodyne detection which is highly efficient. The invention finds application in quantum computation and quantum communication.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for generating a wavelength-tunable short pulse that can generate wavelength-tunable short pulsed light in the visible-light wavelength band are provided. When ultrashort pulsed light is introduced into an optical fiber (3), a wavelength-tunable ultrashort soliton pulse is generated by a nonlinear optical effect through the soliton effect and Raman scattering. When the soliton pulse has a short duration and high peak intensity, a third harmonic having one-third of the wavelength of the soliton pulsed light is generated by a third nonlinear optical effect. This third harmonic has a short wavelength in the visible light band.

Abstract: Systems and methods for manipulating light with tunable ferroelectric photonic devices. Devices having tunable properties that exhibit photonic bandgap behavior are fabricated from ferroelectric materials. Apparatus is provided to apply tuning signals to the ferroelectric material using one or more of electric fields, mechanical forces, optical fields, and thermal fields. Control circuitry is provided to generate the control signals needed to apply the tuning signals. Input and output ports are provided to allow input signals to be received and to provide output signals. In some cases, a feedback loop is provided to use a portion of the output signal as a diagnostic signal for control of the operation of the device within an acceptable range. It is expected that ferroelectric photonic devices operating according to principles of the invention will be useful for a wide variety of applications, including optical switching, optical modulation, optical computing, and performing logic optically.

Abstract: Improved photonic band-gap optical fibre The present invention relates in particular to improved photonic band-gap optical fibres that can confine light to a core region of the fibre by the action of both a photonic band-gap cladding and an antiresonant core boundary, at the interface between the core and cladding.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a microstructure for an optical waveguide such as a photonic bandgap fiber is provided. The method includes the steps of assembling a stack of capillary tubes having substantially identical dimensions, fusing and redrawing the stack into a preform having a plurality of parallel holes of equal diameter, selecting a pattern of the holes for etching in order to increase their diameter, and plugging the unselected holes at one end of the preform against the flow of a pressurized etching fluid. Such plugging of the unselected holes is accomplished applying a layer of a gel-like sealant over the end of the preform, and then pushing the sealant into the holes to form sealant plugs in all of the holes. The sealant plugs are then removed from the selected holes by punching the sealant plugs out of the selected holes.

Abstract: Devices and methods of manufacturing; for emitting substantially white light using a photonic crystal are described. The photonic crystal has a lattice of air holes and is made from a substrate containing quantum dots. The substrate is etched with three defects that are optically coupled together so that each emits only certain frequencies of light. In combination, the defects can produce substantially white light. The parameters of the photonic crystal are dimensioned so as to cause the coupling between the defects to produce substantially white light.

Abstract: A cable clip includes a housing defining an open space and outer grooves about the housing for mounting the cable clip into a mounting opening, the inner edge of the housing including trumpet flares around the edges of the ends and side to provide bend radius protection for cables passing through the clip and a gate closing off the open sided space. The gate may be attached to the housing by a living hinge.

Abstract: A slack storage receptacle for storing an excess length of a pre-connectorized fiber optic drop cable extending between an optical connection terminal and a network interface device (NID) includes a housing and a storage means disposed within the housing for receiving the drop cable such that the drop cable slack is stored external to the NID. The slack storage receptacle may be secured to an exterior wall of a subscriber premises and the NID mounted thereon. Alternatively, the slack storage receptacle may be positioned around and formed to the NID. Alternatively, the slack storage receptacle may be buried in the ground adjacent the NID. The drop cable slack may be wound onto the storage means after deployment. Alternatively, the slack storage receptacle may be pre-assembled, shipped to the subscriber premises, and the drop cable unwound from the storage means with the drop cable slack remaining wound on the storage means.

Abstract: A telecommunications assembly including a housing and a plurality of modules mounted within the housing. The modules includes a rear face in which is mounted at least one fiber optic connector. Within an interior of the housing are positioned at least one fiber optic adapters. Inserting the module through a front opening of the housing at a mounting location positions the connector of the module for insertion into and mating with the adapter of the housing. The adapters within the interior of the housing are integrally formed as part of a removable adapter assembly. A method of mounting a telecommunications module within a chassis. The modules include a connector mounting bulkhead which is moveable relative to the module to allow connector access.

Abstract: A tool for an optical connector including a clamping portion for clamping an optical fiber between clamping elements, the tool including: first and second insertion members, respectively including separately extractable first and second distal ends, wherein the first and second distal ends maintain the clamping elements in an open state by being wedged therebetween from outside the clamping portion, so that the optical fiber is movable between the clamping elements; first and second insertion member operating portions, respectively separately connected to proximal ends of the first and second insertion members, that individually extract the first and second distal ends of the first and second insertion members from between the clamping elements; and a stopper portion against which the optical connector is pressed when the first and second insertion members are extracted from between the clamping elements.

Abstract: An improved, reversibly terminable fiber stub connector assembly is provided that can be readily and positively terminated in the field using simple termination tools. This allows repositioning or replacement of fiber optic cable field fibers if termination is not acceptable in performance. The tool may be a hand-held tool, or used in conjunction with a connector support structure to provide simplified and expeditious field termination of fiber optic cables. The cam tool can include a throughbore that enables connection of a patchcord to the stub fiber of the connector during or shortly after termination without removal of the termination tool. Accordingly, field testing of the connection can be made at the site of termination.

Abstract: The present invention provides a communication cable buffer tube having a flexural modulus ranging from about 180 kpsi to about 280 kpsi.

Abstract: An optical fiber that includes a core containing a first concentration of germanium, an inner cladding arranged on the core, the inner cladding containing a second concentration of germanium and having a first diffusion coefficient, and an outer cladding arranged on the inner cladding, the outer cladding having a second diffusion coefficient, where the first diffusion coefficient is larger than the second diffusion coefficient, and where the first concentration of germanium is about 200% or more of the second concentration of germanium. An optical fiber constructed in this manner can be spliced with an optical fiber having a different MFD, such as a single-mode optical fiber or an erbium-doped optical fiber, with low splice loss and a sufficient splicing strength.

Abstract: A polymeric cladding material, cladded waveguides, devices that include cladded waveguides, and methods for using the cladding material. The polymeric cladding material is a thermally reversibly crosslinkable polymer having high conductivity above its glass transition temperature.

Abstract: A core layer has a light entrance region and a light exit region, said light entrance region having a width greater than said light exit region. The light entrance region has at least a side surface shaped as a reflecting surface. The light entrance region has an end having a parabolic shape. An LED is disposed in contact with a lower surface of the light entrance region. Signal light is introduced from the LED into the light entrance region with increased light entrance efficiency, and is highly efficiently reflected by the side surface of the light entrance region for higher light collecting efficiency.

Abstract: There disclosed is an image display apparatus having a light source, a scanning member for deflecting a light from the light source to scan a predetermined surface with the light to form a two-dimensional image thereon, a first optical system for guiding a light deflected by the scanning member to the predetermined surface and a second optical system for guiding a light from the two-dimensional image formed onto the predetermined surface to an observer. There exists, in optical paths of the first optical system and the second optical system, a common optical element with a plurality of optical surfaces including refractive surfaces and reflective surfaces formed on a same medium and the first optical system and the second optical system share a part of optical surfaces of that optical element.

Abstract: A video recorder/reproducer comprises means for continuing, when a recording stop request is inputted during a recording operation, an operation for reading out data from a memory and an operation for recording the data on a recording medium but stopping the writing of the data into the memory, and means for stopping the recording operation after the readout of the data finally written into the memory and the writing of the data into the recording medium are terminated.

Abstract: A recording/reproducing apparatus and a recording/reproducing method for reducing a load which must be borne when image data is obtained, enabling a title image to flexibly be processed, information for a sufficiently long time to be recorded and images to collectively be downloaded and arranged to display full information in a floppy disc. The recording/reproducing apparatus incorporates a DV recording/reproducing signal processing circuit for recording/reproducing a signal to and from a recording medium; a PCMCIA I/O/ATA I/F processing circuit for interfacing with the PCMCIA standard; a PCMCIA connector for establishing the connection with an external FDD; key blocks with which input is performed; and a control circuit for controlling the circuits.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a non-linear reproduction control method of multimedia stream and an apparatus thereof, the present invention comprises judging a skip direction by interpreting whether a skip request is a forward skip or a backward skip when the skip request is inputted from the user, determining a skip unit by judging whether the user request is a big unit or a small unit, selecting a structural information or semantic information change point of the multimedia stream mostly adjacent to the present reproduction position as a reproduction resume point on the basis of the determined skip direction and skip unit or selecting the reproduction resume point by using the set temporal offset from the preset reproduction position, accordingly it is possible to.

Abstract: Continuous transfer of AV data without a break necessitates to perform replacement processing of a disk access unit and takes labor and time. A characteristic is that an HDD is disposed which writes AV data in a recording medium, that an AV recording/reproducing controller is disposed which, when there is a write error in writing of AV data in a disk access unit which is a minimum unit for continuously accessing the recording medium, controls the HDD such that this disk access unit will be skipped and said AV data will be written in the next disk access unit, that skip processing judging means is disposed, and that a replacement area is not formed in the recording medium.

Abstract: In a DVD recording/playback system, a set top box STB receives an MPEG transport stream constituted by a plurality of transport packets, and a formatter extracts support information indicating if management information included in the transport packets includes predetermined items. A disc drive that records data on a recording medium having a management area and data area records the support information in the management area.

Abstract: A system control unit sets stream_id of each reproduced elementary stream and the total number of streams in each of the elementary stream from management information read from a medium. A stream separation unit reads an MPEG stream from the medium to record a combination of a stream identification number and an attribute of the stream as a stream attribute table.

Abstract: With a digital camera 100, a photographed image 31 is displayed on a liquid crystal display and the user selects a desired image and specifies print specifications of the number of print sheets, a print paper size, a print color mode, etc., then print image data is prepared. The prepared print image data is transmitted from the digital camera 100 to a color printer of an output unit. An image is printed at the color printer in accordance with the print image data.

Abstract: With a digital camera 100, a photographed image 31 is displayed on a liquid crystal display and the user selects a desired image and specifies print specifications of the number of print sheets, a print paper size, a print color mode, etc., then print image data is prepared. The prepared print image data is transmitted from the digital camera 100 to a color printer of an output unit. An image is printed at the color printer in accordance with the print image data.

Abstract: An information reproducing apparatus has a read device, is capable of reproducing sub picture information and is also capable of performing a highlight display of the sub picture information. In an information record medium to be reproduced by this reproducing apparatus, at least the sub picture information and reproduction control information to control a reproduction of the sub picture information are recorded on the record track such that the sub picture information and the reproduction control information are divided into a plurality of groups. Each of the groups is a predetermined unit able to be accessed by the information reproducing apparatus, and has a sub picture pack in which the sub picture information is contained and a control pack in which the reproduction control information is contained.

Abstract: An apparatus by which a user can easily set a parameter for conversion when a compression encoding system of video stream is converted is provided. A particular period in a first video stream is repeatedly reproduced to convert the reproduced portion into a second video stream in real time. At that time, the user checks the image quality after conversion on a preview screen and sets a desired conversion parameter. A local decode image is output to the preview screen. Thus, the circuit configuration is simplified.

Abstract: In order to create a method and an apparatus for anti-trap protection detection for displaceable window and door elements by means of which faster and more stable adjustment to current physical conditions can be achieved during system actuation, in the system the motor (1) is controlled using parameter values generated in real-time using a closed-loop control unit, preferably a PID controller, to keep the speed in the system constant during a learning run and during operational use and to ensure timely trapping detection.

Abstract: It is an object of the invention to provide a substrate processing equipment that can predict a temperature of a substrate and easily control temperature of the substrate. Formed in a reactor (processing chamber) 3 are four temperature adjustment zones, of which setting and adjustment of temperature can be made by zone heaters 340-1 to 340-4. A temperature controller 4 mixes temperatures detected by inner thermocouples 302-1 to 302-4 and outer thermocouples 342-1 to 342-4 to calculate predicted temperatures of substrates by means of the first-order lag calculation on the basis of time constants of temperatures of substrates heated by the zone heaters 340-1 to 340-4. Also, the temperature controller 4 calculates electric power values (operating variables) for the zone heaters 340-1 to 340-4 with the use of predicted temperatures of substrates to output the same to the zone heaters 340-1 to 340-4.

Abstract: A water heater including a water inlet line having an inlet opening that introduces cold water to a tank, a water outlet line having an outlet opening that withdraws heated water from the tank, and a heating element. The water heater further includes a control circuit. The heating element can be an electrical resistance heating element, a gas heating element, or a combination thereof. In one construction, the gas heating element includes a first combustive section and a second combustive section separately controlled from the first combustive section.

Abstract: A camera is provided with media for creating a light signal with at least one of known spectral intensity distribution, chromaticity coordinates and brightness detectable by recording medium positionable within the camera. Processes for reconstructing and calibrating image information on a recording medium are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides a highly operable easy-to-use camera having a simple configuration with a few parts without losing a locking function. In a camera comprising: a rotary operation dial 6 to be operated rotationally; a locking function for locking the rotary operation dial 6 relative to a predetermined position; and a body case 2 to be fitted with the rotary operation dial 6, the rotary operation dial 6 is made of elastic body in an integrated manner, the rotary operation dial 6 comprising a lock lever part 63 having an operation lever 631 and a hook 632 which lie, respectively, outside and inside of the body case 2 relative to the rotary operation dial 6, the hook 632 being adapted to be fitted into a lock groove 23 formed inside the body case 2.

Abstract: A joint “packet-optical” layer restoration mechanism protects against single, packet-layer router failures by managing network resources from both the packet layer and the optical transport layer in a synergistic manner. It reuses packet-layer router service-ports and/or transport-layer service wavelengths associated with optical switch-ports instead of reserving additional standby packet-layer router service-ports. It can reuse resources from primary paths that are unaffected by router failures and paths that exist for link-failure protection at the optical layer. Embodiments feature a modified node structure that includes both an IP router and a dynamically reconfigurable OXC, which dynamically establishes connectivity between IP-router ports and transport-layer optical fibers. The joint-layer router provides fine-granularity grooming at the IP layer and full-fledged wavelength networking via dynamic wavelength switching and/or wavelength translation at the optical layer.

Abstract: Circuitry for monitoring the operation of an optoelectronic transceiver includes a sequence of interconnected signal processing circuits for processing an analog input signal and producing a digital result signal, where the analog signal represents one or more operating conditions of the optoelectronic transceiver. The sequence of signal processing circuits include gain circuitry for amplifying or attenuating the analog input signal by a gain value to produce a scaled analog signal, an analog to digital converter for converting the scaled analog signal into a first digital signal, and digital adjustment circuitry for digitally adjusting the first digital signal to produce the digital result signal. The digital adjustment circuitry includes shifting circuitry configured to shift an input digital signal in accordance with a shift value so as to produce a digital shifted signal. The digital result signal is stored in memory in predefined locations accessible by a host.

Abstract: A heterodyne communication system uses coherent data modulation that is resistant to phase noise. In particular, a pilot tone and reference clock signal are transmitted along with the modulated data to form the basis of an electrical demodulation local oscillator at the receiver. The pilot tone and/or reference clock signal carry phase noise which is correlated with the phase noise in the data signal. At the receiver, the local oscillator is generated from the pilot tone and reference clock signal in a manner so that the local oscillator also has phase noise which is correlated with the phase noise in the data signal. Thus, the two noise components can be used to cancel each other during demodulation of the data signal using the local oscillator.

Abstract: A bi-directional configuration is employed to implement a hybrid ultra long haul (ULH)/long haul (LH) optical transmission system. The link carries ULH channels and LH channels in opposite directions in different bands. Raman amplification is employed for the ULH band while Erbium-doped fiber amplification (EDFA) is used for both the LH and ULH bands. Optical circulators are employed for multiplexing and demultiplexing. This solution does not incur the ripple penalty of prior art solutions based on interferential filters while providing excellent isolation between the ULH and LH channels and bi-directional communication within a single fiber.

Abstract: An antenna system for receiving both RF wave and optical wave radiation via a single antenna aperture that may be moved between stowed and deployed configurations as needed. The system includes a wavefront correction system for correcting optical wavefront distortion errors caused by anomalies in the shape of the antenna aperture itself, as well as optical wavefront distortion errors caused by atmospheric perturbations. The optical components used for optical signal conditioning are supported from the antenna aperture and form a compact, unobtrusive means for separating electromagnetic and optical wave signals received by the antenna aperture.

Abstract: An optical-space transmission apparatus for use in communication by using light propagating in a space includes a light-receiving unit, an optical system including a movable mirror and introducing light incident thereon to the light receiving unit with the movable mirror, a controller controlling drive of the movable mirror, and a detecting unit detecting an intensity of the light received in the light-receiving unit. The controller modifies a control characteristic of the movable mirror in accordance with a change in the received-light intensity.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for generating chirped return-to-zero (CRZ) differential quadrature phase-shift keyed (DQPSK) optical signals using a single modulator driven by synchronous return-to-zero (RZ) drive signals to achieve simultaneous RZ pulse formatting and chirped DQPSK data modulation.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for encoding optical power and non-payload data in an optical signal is described. The method involves producing a dither modulating signal having an amplitude of indicative of the optical power in the optical signal and having a phase representing the non-payload data, and modulating the optical signal with the dither modulating signal. The apparatus involves a waveform generator for producing an amplitude adjusted waveform having an amplitude responsive to the optical power of the optical signal and a binary phase shift keying modulator for binary phase shift keying the amplitude adjusted waveform in response to the non-payload data to produce a dither modulating signal having an amplitude indicative of the optical power in the optical signal and having a phase representing the non-payload data.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a communication section that wirelessly communicates with an RFID tag on a toner supply container. Based on a state of communication between the RFID tag and the communication section, an amount of toner in the toner supply container is measured, or a rotational angle of the toner supply container is detected. Since it is unnecessary to additionally provide a member for measuring the amount of the toner or detecting the rotational angle, the number of components can be reduced.

Abstract: A developer container includes a developer container configured to contain a developer including a toner and a carrier, a developer delivering mechanism configured to deliver the developer toward an image bearing member of an image forming apparatus, and a detecting mechanism configured to detect deterioration of the developer based on a predetermined characteristic of the developer.

Abstract: A transfer device transfers a visual image from an image carrier to a recording medium. The transfer device includes a first transfer element that moves and receives the visual image from the image carrier on a first surface of the first transfer element, a second transfer element provided opposite to the first surface of the first transfer element to pinch and convey the recording medium through a secondary transfer nip part, a facing roller provided on a second surface of the first transfer element opposite to the first surface thereof, and a constant-current power supply that applies an electric current voltage to a core metal of the facing roller to transfer the visual image from the first transfer element to the recording medium. The electric current voltage applied to the core metal has a polarity equal to a polarity of the visual image and is subjected to a constant-current control.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a fixing apparatus which radiates rays to a detection object and which detects the rays returned from the detection object to obtain a temperature signal. The apparatus specifies a radiant ratio of the surface of the detection object using at least one of accumulated image forming times, detection position, and radiation deterioration, corrects the detected temperature signal based on the specified radiant ratio of the surface of the detection object to produce temperature data, and controls a power to be supplied to a heating mechanism which raises temperature of the detection object based on the produced temperature data.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus that can maintain the accuracy of temperature control of an object to be heated within a predetermined range and avoid adverse effects of contamination of first temperature detection means. The image forming apparatus 1 has a photosensitive drum 14, a heater 901, a thermopile temperature sensor 902, a non-contact thermistor 903, and a control circuit 904. The control circuit 904 controls the heater 901 based on an output signal 902s in a case where the output signal 902s is output earlier in time than the output signal 903s, and informs of a state of the thermopile temperature sensor 902 in a case where the output signal 903s is output earlier in time than the output signal 902s.

Abstract: The cell wall removal ratio of an elastic foam body is set such that developer or other fouling material adhering to a rotatable member can be continuously absorbed through the cells of the elastic foam body during a single maintenance cycle of an image forming apparatus. For example, the cell wall removal ratio of the elastic foam body is set to at least 60% or at least 80%. When the cell wall removal ratio of the elastic foam body is set to at least 60%, good image quality can be maintained reliably until the number of sheets recorded by the image forming apparatus reaches 20000. Furthermore, when the cell wall removal ratio of the elastic foam body is set to at least 80%, good image quality can be maintained reliably until the number of sheets recorded by the image forming apparatus reaches 30000.